Audit the Fed: Dodd-Frank, Qe3, and Federal Reserve Transparency Hearing Committee on Financial Services U.S. House of Represent
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
AUDIT THE FED: DODD-FRANK, QE3, AND FEDERAL RESERVE TRANSPARENCY HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DOMESTIC MONETARY POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 4, 2011 Printed for the use of the Committee on Financial Services Serial No. 112–67 ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 72–608 PDF WASHINGTON : 2012 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:55 Mar 09, 2012 Jkt 072608 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 K:\DOCS\72608.TXT TERRIE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES SPENCER BACHUS, Alabama, Chairman JEB HENSARLING, Texas, Vice Chairman BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts, Ranking PETER T. KING, New York Member EDWARD R. ROYCE, California MAXINE WATERS, California FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York RON PAUL, Texas LUIS V. GUTIERREZ, Illinois DONALD A. MANZULLO, Illinois NYDIA M. VELA´ ZQUEZ, New York WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina MELVIN L. WATT, North Carolina JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois GARY L. ACKERMAN, New York GARY G. MILLER, California BRAD SHERMAN, California SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York SCOTT GARRETT, New Jersey MICHAEL E. CAPUANO, Massachusetts RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas RUBE´ N HINOJOSA, Texas PATRICK T. MCHENRY, North Carolina WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri JOHN CAMPBELL, California CAROLYN MCCARTHY, New York MICHELE BACHMANN, Minnesota JOE BACA, California THADDEUS G. McCOTTER, Michigan STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts KEVIN McCARTHY, California BRAD MILLER, North Carolina STEVAN PEARCE, New Mexico DAVID SCOTT, Georgia BILL POSEY, Florida AL GREEN, Texas MICHAEL G. FITZPATRICK, Pennsylvania EMANUEL CLEAVER, Missouri LYNN A. WESTMORELAND, Georgia GWEN MOORE, Wisconsin BLAINE LUETKEMEYER, Missouri KEITH ELLISON, Minnesota BILL HUIZENGA, Michigan ED PERLMUTTER, Colorado SEAN P. DUFFY, Wisconsin JOE DONNELLY, Indiana NAN A. S. HAYWORTH, New York ANDRE´ CARSON, Indiana JAMES B. RENACCI, Ohio JAMES A. HIMES, Connecticut ROBERT HURT, Virginia GARY C. PETERS, Michigan ROBERT J. DOLD, Illinois JOHN C. CARNEY, JR., Delaware DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona MICHAEL G. GRIMM, New York FRANCISCO R. CANSECO, Texas STEVE STIVERS, Ohio STEPHEN LEE FINCHER, Tennessee LARRY C. LAVENDER, Chief of Staff (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:55 Mar 09, 2012 Jkt 072608 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 K:\DOCS\72608.TXT TERRIE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DOMESTIC MONETARY POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY RON PAUL, Texas, Chairman WALTER B. JONES, North Carolina, Vice WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri, Ranking Chairman Member FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York PATRICK T. MCHENRY, North Carolina GREGORY W. MEEKS, New York BLAINE LUETKEMEYER, Missouri AL GREEN, Texas BILL HUIZENGA, Michigan EMANUEL CLEAVER, Missouri NAN A. S. HAYWORTH, New York GARY C. PETERS, Michigan DAVID SCHWEIKERT, Arizona (III) VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:55 Mar 09, 2012 Jkt 072608 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 K:\DOCS\72608.TXT TERRIE C O N T E N T S Page Hearing held on: October 4, 2011 ................................................................................................. 1 Appendix: October 4, 2011 ................................................................................................. 29 WITNESSES TUESDAY, OCTOBER 4, 2011 Auerbach, Robert D., Professor of Public Affairs, Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin ................................................ 14 Brown, Orice Williams, Managing Director, Financial Markets and Commu- nity Investment, U.S. Government Accountability Office ................................. 3 Calabria, Mark A., Ph.D., Director, Financial Regulation Studies, Cato Insti- tute ........................................................................................................................ 16 APPENDIX Prepared statements: Paul, Hon. Ron .................................................................................................. 30 Auerbach, Robert D. ......................................................................................... 33 Brown, Orice Williams ..................................................................................... 43 Calabria, Mark A. ............................................................................................. 70 ADDITIONAL MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Brown, Orice Williams: Addendum to three responses provided during the hearing ......................... 77 (IV) VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:55 Mar 09, 2012 Jkt 072608 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 K:\DOCS\72608.TXT TERRIE AUDIT THE FED: DODD-FRANK, QE3, AND FEDERAL RESERVE TRANSPARENCY Tuesday, October 4, 2011 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON DOMESTIC MONETARY POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY, COMMITTEE ON FINANCIAL SERVICES, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:05 a.m., in room 2128, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Ron Paul [chairman of the subcommittee] presiding. Members present: Representatives Paul, Luetkemeyer, Huizenga, Hayworth, Schweikert; and Peters. Chairman PAUL. This hearing will come to order. Without objection, all members’ opening statements will be made a part of the record. This morning, we are holding a hearing entitled, ‘‘Audit the Fed: Dodd-Frank, QE3, and Federal Reserve Transparency.’’ I will yield myself 5 minutes for opening remarks. Transparency of the Federal Reserve has been an issue that I have been working on for many years, and I consider it very, very important, and we have been making some progress on this. Back in the 1970s, there was a major effort made to get more trans- parency of the Fed, but unfortunately it actually backfired and gave more protection to the Fed from any inquiries made by the Congress. One thing I would like to make clear is my efforts to have more transparency of the Fed aren’t equated to that of wanting Congress to manage day-to-day operations of the monetary policy. Quite frankly, I think managing of the monetary policy should be more involved with a free market, free market of interest rates, rather than anybody believing they can manage that from a day-to-day viewpoint. Frequently, it is said that the independence of the Fed must be protected at all costs. I usually think once there is an emphasis on independence of the Fed, it usually means the secrecy of the Fed, and it is quite a bit of a difference, but the Fed hides behind this independence so there is no political influence. But I think more people now are starting to realize that the Fed isn’t truly independent from political influence because indirectly, and sometimes more directly, it is involved in political decisions or at least private and secret decisions made to serve some political interest. (1) VerDate Nov 24 2008 16:55 Mar 09, 2012 Jkt 072608 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 K:\DOCS\72608.TXT TERRIE 2 The Constitution is rather clear on if anybody is to have any oversight, it would be the Congress rather than the Executive Branch. The ability to do this, of course, has been hindered. The Congress created the Federal Reserve with the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, and therefore, obviously the Congress has something to say about it. Not only did they create the Fed, but they have changed the rules. Congress has passed laws giving instructions to the Federal Reserve, so clearly, Congress has the responsibility of oversight of the Federal Reserve. I think it is very interesting that one of the arguments for inde- pendence is that we can’t allow the people to know what is going on with the banks; that if all of the sudden, we knew that a bank was having a problem, this would be bad information for the people to know. And then that is used as an excuse to prop up certain banks and make sure bailouts occur and that there is a lender of last resort, and there is no confusion or, otherwise, no correction that might be necessary. But in many ways, the Fed performs a function exactly opposite of what the SEC is supposed to do. The SEC is a regulator that is supposed to go in and look at the books and throw out some rules so that people know what is going on and get information out. It seems to me at least, that the Federal Reserve does exactly the opposite. The significance of monetary policy is really the overriding issue about the Federal Reserve, and what has happened since 1913 and actually what is happening today, because we are in the midst of a major crisis, and there are many of us who have come to the con- clusion that the business cycle is very much related to monetary policy. So, if the business cycle is related to monetary policy, this should be of vital interest to all of us. If we connect the two, the Federal Reserve and the business cycle, then we see that recessions and depressions are a result of the business cycle. First, you have the boom and you have to have the correction, so you have to have the bust. The other important relationship of the Federal Reserve to what Congress does, and for too long, it has actually been symbiotic, the Congress has been negligent in oversight, but they have been very complacent about deficits being accommodated. If the Fed was not so accommodative and always buy the debt and keep interest rates artificially low, there would be a lot more restraints on the Con- gress. But as long as Congress wants to spend money and they don’t want to raise taxes—that is not popular—and borrowing be- comes difficult, then there is a better way from their viewpoint to do it, and that is just to allow the Fed to create money out of thin air, which for those of us who believe in less government is better than more government, whether it is warfare or welfare, we see that the Federal Reserve has a strong influence in allowing our government to grow. So I am very pleased to chair this hearing today, and I am very pleased to know that we are making progress. We didn’t get a full audit last year, but we did get an audit coming out of the Dodd- Frank Act.