Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of Nov.7

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of Nov.7 STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2000 SHOWING THE HIGHEST VOTE FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS, AND THE VOTE CAST FOR EACH NOMINEE FOR UNITED STATES SENATOR, REPRESENTATIVE, RESIDENT COMMIS- SIONER, AND DELEGATE TO THE ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS, TOGETHER WITH A RECAPITULATION THEREOF, INCLUDING THE ELECTORAL VOTE COMPILED FROM OFFICIAL SOURCES BY JEFF TRANDAHL CLERK OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Corrected to June 21, 2001) WASHINGTON : 2001 VerDate 23-MAR-99 13:50 Jul 10, 2001 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0217 Sfmt 0217 C:\DBASE\STATS107.TXT PUB1 PsN: PUB1 STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2000 (Number which precedes name of candidate designates congressional district. Since party names for Presidential Electors for the same candidate vary from state to state, the most commonly used name is listed in parentheses.) ALABAMA FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS Republican .................................................................................................. 941,173 Democratic .................................................................................................. 692,611 Independent ................................................................................................ 1 25,896 Libertarian ................................................................................................. 5,893 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 699 FOR UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE 1. Sonny Callahan, Republican ..................................................................... 151,188 Dick Coffee, Libertarian ............................................................................ 14,031 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 450 2. Terry Everett, Republican ......................................................................... 151,830 Charles Woods, Democrat ......................................................................... 64,958 Wallace B. McGahan, Libertarian ............................................................ 4,111 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 1,737 3. Bob Riley, Republican ............................................................................... 147,317 John Sophocleus, Libertarian ................................................................... 21,119 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 1,083 4. Robert B. Aderholt, Republican ................................................................ 140,009 Marsha Folsom, Democrat ........................................................................ 86,400 Craig Goodrich, Libertarian ...................................................................... 3,519 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 1,178 5. Robert E. (Bud) Cramer, Jr., Democrat ................................................... 186,059 Alan Barksdale, Libertarian ..................................................................... 22,110 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 1,345 6. Spencer Bachus, Republican ..................................................................... 212,751 Terry Reagin, Libertarian ......................................................................... 28,189 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 977 7. Ed Martin, Republican .............................................................................. 46,134 Earl F. Hilliard, Democrat ........................................................................ 148,243 Ken Hager, Libertarian ............................................................................. 3,829 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 427 Recapitulation of Votes Cast in Alabama Repub- Demo- Inde- Liber- Write- Title of candidate lican cratic pendent tarian in Total Representatives: 1st district ..................................................... 151,188 .................. .............. 14,031 450 165,669 2d district ...................................................... 151,830 64,958 .............. 4,111 1,737 222,636 3d district ...................................................... 147,317 .................. .............. 21,119 1,083 169,519 4th district .................................................... 140,009 86,400 .............. 3,519 1,178 231,106 5th district .................................................... .................. 186,059 .............. 22,110 1,345 209,514 6th district .................................................... 212,751 .................. .............. 28,189 977 241,917 7th district .................................................... 46,134 148,243 .............. 3,829 427 198,633 Total ................................................ 849,229 485,660 .............. 96,908 7,197 1,438,994 Presidential electors ............................................ 941,173 692,611 1 25,896 5,893 699 1,666,272 1 Includes candidates appearing on the following party tickets in most other States: 18,323 for Green; 6,351 for Re- form; 447 for Natural Law; and 775 for Constitution. (1) VerDate 23-MAR-99 13:50 Jul 10, 2001 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0218 Sfmt 0218 C:\DBASE\STATS107.TXT PUB1 PsN: PUB1 2 ALASKA FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS Republican .................................................................................................. 167,398 Democratic .................................................................................................. 79,004 Green .......................................................................................................... 28,747 Libertarian ................................................................................................. 2,636 Reform ........................................................................................................ 5,192 Natural Law ............................................................................................... 919 Constitution ................................................................................................ 596 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 1,068 FOR UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE AT LARGE Don Young, Republican ............................................................................. 190,862 Clifford Mark Greene, Democrat .............................................................. 45,372 Anna C. Young, Green ............................................................................... 22,440 Jim Dore, Alaskan Independence ............................................................. 10,085 Leonard J. ‘‘Len’’ Karpinski, Libertarian ................................................. 4,802 Write-in ....................................................................................................... 832 Recapitulation of Votes Cast in Alaska Alaskan Nat- Con- Title of candidate Republican Democratic Green Independ- Liber- Reform ural stitu- Write- Total ence tarian Law tion in Representative: At large ......................... 190,862 45,372 22,440 10,085 4,802 ............ .......... .......... 832 274,393 Presidential electors ........ 167,398 79,004 28,747 ................. 2,636 5,192 919 596 1,068 285,560 ARIZONA FOR PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS Republican .................................................................................................. 781,652 Democratic .................................................................................................. 685,341 Green .......................................................................................................... 45,645 Libertarian ................................................................................................. 5,775 Reform ........................................................................................................ 12,373 Natural Law ............................................................................................... 1,120 Write-in (Constitution Party candidate) .................................................. 110 FOR UNITED STATES SENATOR Jon Kyl, Republican ................................................................................... 1,108,196 William Toel, Independent ........................................................................ 109,230 Vance Hansen, Green ................................................................................ 108,926 Barry J. Hess II, Libertarian .................................................................... 70,724 FOR UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE 1. Jeff Flake, Republican ............................................................................... 123,289 David Mendoza, Democrat ........................................................................ 97,455 Jon Burroughs, Libertarian ...................................................................... 9,227 2. Bill Barenholtz, Republican ...................................................................... 32,990 Ed Pastor, Democrat ................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO U.S. Government Institutions and the Economy a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO U.S. Government Institutions and the Economy A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Economics by Grant Erik Johnson Committee in charge: Professor Julie Berry Cullen, Co-Chair Professor Valerie Ramey, Co-Chair Professor Jeffrey Clemens Professor Zoltan Hajnal Professor Thad Kousser 2018 Copyright Grant Erik Johnson, 2018 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Grant Erik Johnson is approved and is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Co-Chair University of California San Diego 2018 iii DEDICATION To my parents, Kirk and Amy. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page . iii Dedication . iv Table of Contents . v List of Figures . vii List of Tables . ix Acknowledgements . xi Vita........................................................................ xiii Abstract of the Dissertation . xiv Chapter 1 Procuring Pork: Contract Characteristics and Channels of Influence . 1 1.1 Introduction . 2 1.2 Background . 7 1.3 Contract Concentration Index . 11 1.4 Data and Descriptive Statistics . 15 1.5 Empirical Framework . 17 1.6 Results . 19 1.6.1 Identification . 19 1.6.2 Baseline . 23 1.6.3 Own-Jursidiction vs. Other Procurement Spending . 24 1.7 Conclusion . 26 Chapter 2 Institutional Determinants of Municipal Fiscal Dynamics . 29 2.1 Introduction . 30 2.2 Background . 32 2.2.1 Municipal Governments . 32 2.2.2 Tax and Expenditure Limitations (TELs) . 35 2.3 Data................................................................ 37 2.3.1 Shock Construction . 37 2.3.2 Descriptive Statistics . 39 2.4 Empirical Strategy . 41 2.5 Results . 42 2.5.1 Main Results .
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Directory CALIFORNIA
    42 Congressional Directory CALIFORNIA Chief of Staff.—Muffy Lewis. FAX: 225–9177 Executive Assistant.—Carolyn Noble. Legislative Director.—David Malech. Press Secretary.—Brent Hall. 610 Newport Center Drive, Suite 330, Newport Beach, CA 92660 ........................... (949) 756–2244 Counties: ORANGE COUNTY (part). CITIES: Aliso Viejo, Corona del Mar, Dana Point, Foothill Ranch, Irvine, Laguna Beach, Laguna Hills, Laguna Niguel, Laguna Woods, Lake Forest, Newport Beach, Orange, San Juan Capistrano, Santa Ana, and Tustin. Population (2000), 639,089. ZIP Codes: 92602–04, 92606–07, 92610, 92612, 92614, 92618, 92620, 92624–25, 92629–30, 92651, 92653, 92656–57, 92660–63, 92674–75, 92677–79, 92690, 92693, 92705, 92780, 92782 *** FORTY-NINTH DISTRICT DARRELL E. ISSA, Republican, of Vista, CA; born in Cleveland, OH, November 1, 1953; education: Siena Heights College; military service: U.S. Army; attended college on an ROTC scholarship; professional: Businessman; founder and CEO of Directed Electronics, Inc.; past Chairman, Consumer Electronics Association; Board of Directors, Electronics Industry Association; public service: Co-Chairman of the campaign to pass the California Civil Rights Initiative (Proposition 209); Chairman of the Volunteer Committee for the 1996 Republican Na- tional Convention; Chairman of the San Diego County Lincoln Club; candidate for the U.S. Senate in 1998; architect of 2003 California recall campaign of former Governor Gray Davis; married: Kathy; children: William; committees: ranking member, Oversight and Government Reform; Judiciary; elected to the 107th Congress on November 7, 2000; reelected to each succeeding Congress. Office Listings http://www.house.gov/issa 2347 Rayburn House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515 ................................. (202) 225–3906 Chief of Staff.—Dale Neugebauer.
    [Show full text]
  • STATEMENT of VOTE, Summary Pages Xxii
    STATEMENT OF VOTE, Summary Pages President Votes Percent Congressional District 9 Votes Percent John F. Kerry, DEM 6,745,485 54.4% *Barbara Lee, DEM 215,630 84.60% *George W. Bush, REP 5,509,826 44.4% Claudia Bermudez, REP 31,278 12.30% Michael Anthony Peroutka, AI 26,645 0.2% Jim Eyer, LIB 8,131 3.10% David Cobb, GRN 40,771 0.3% Michael Badnarik, LIB 50,165 0.4% Congressional District 10 Votes Percent Leonard Peltier, PF 27,607 0.2% *Ellen O. Tauscher, DEM 182,750 65.80% Anthony Jabin (W/I) 1 0.0% Jeff Ketelson, REP 95,349 34.20% James Alexander-Pace (W/I) 8 0.0% John Joseph Kennedy (W/I) 82 0.0% Congressional District 11 Votes Percent John Parker (W/I) 49 0.0% Gerald (Jerry) M. McNerney, DEM 103,587 38.7% Ralph Nader (W/I) 20,714 0.1% *Richard Pombo, REP 163,582 61.3% Votes Not Cast 170,142 1.35% Congressional District 12 Votes Percent US Senate Votes Percent *Tom Lantos, DEM 171,852 68.1% *Barbara Boxer, DEM 6,955,728 57.8% Mike Garza, REP 52,593 20.8% Bill Jones, REP 4,555,922 37.8% Pat Gray, GRN 23,038 9.1% Don J. Grundmann, AI 81,224 0.6% Harland Harrison, LIB 5,116 2.0% James P. "Jim" Gray, LIB 216,522 1.7% Marsha Feinland, PF 243,846 2.1% Congressional District 13 Votes Percent Dennis Richter (W/I) 43 0.0% *Fortney Pete Stark, DEM 144,605 71.7% Howard Johnson (W/I) 6 0.0% George I.
    [Show full text]
  • Governor Mike Pence
    People Record 7394050 for The Honorable. Mike Pence # Opened 5 WFCode Assigned To Template Due Date Priority Status 972035 1/31 /2013 ESLIAISON (b)(6) ESEC 2/14/2013 9 CLOSED 3 Workflow IGA I Reply Direct Final Due Date:. 02/14/2013 ESEC Folder Number (ESEC Use Only): 13-0559 To:. Secretary Mode: U.S. Postal Service * Received Date: 01 /31 /2013 * Attachment:. Yes Significant Correspondence (ESEC Use Only): No * summary of Document: Writes to. inform of. the designation of a Homeland Security Advisor for Indiana. Lead Component (ESEC Use Only): IGA Team (ESEC Use Only):. Team 3 * Category: State and Local *Type: State. and Local - Governor For Reporting Purposes Only.: VIP * Action to be Taken: Handle as. Appropriate Status: Acti on: * Signed By (ESEC Use Only): Handle. as Appropriate * Date Response Signed: 02/14/2013 * Action Completed: 02/1 4/2013 check: Check if. no response sent * complete on Time: N/A Distribution: N/ A Attachments: 13-0559 Pence 01.17.13.pdf Roles:. The Honorable. Mike Pence(Primary,. Sender), The. Honorable. Janet Napolitano( Interested Party) 2 Secured Record Secured Record 3 993077 8/29/2013 ESLIAISON (b)(6) ESEC 9/12/2013 9 CLOSED 3 Workflow IGA Draft Received in ESEC: 08/29/2013 ESEC Folder Number (ESEC Use Only): 13-4860 Mode: Email * Received Date: 08/29/2013 * Attachment: Yes Significant Correspondence (ESEC Use Only): No * summary of Document: Farewell letter from S1 to governors and mayors * category: Outgoing Voluntary Paper *Type: Outgoing Voluntary Paper - Other * Action to be Taken: Prepare for Secretary Signature Status: Action: Clearance Component Clearance Due Cleared By Cleared on Date Comments Attachment Started (b)(6) (b)(5) OGC 8/29/2013 8/29/2013 8/29/2013 Yes S1 /S2 COUNSEL 8/29/2013 8/30/2013 8/30/2013 Yes OR * Signed By (ESEC Use Only): Secretary Signature * Date Response Signed: 09/04/2013 * Action Completed: 09/05/2013 * complete on Time: N/A Distribution: USPS Attachments: 13-4860 Farewell Letter 08.29.13 v2 clean.docx, 13-4860 Farewell letter OGC edits 08.29.13.pdf, 13-4860 OGC Clearance 08.29.13.pdf .
    [Show full text]
  • Application for Accreditation of the Kentucky Green Party As a State Chapter
    Application for Accreditation of the Kentucky Green Party as a State Chapter Dear Accreditation Committee (c/o Tamar Yager), Thank you for your help so far in our accreditation process. Here is our updated application to become a state chapter. Our approved bylaws are attached. Criteria for State Party Membership in the Green Party of the United States: 1. Acceptance of the four pillars of the international Green Party movement [ecological wisdom, social justice, grassroots democracy, non-violence] or the Ten Key Values as guiding principles. We accept these pillars and key values, as shown by our incorporation of them in Article 1 of our bylaws, which begins as follows: 1.0 PURPOSE The purpose of the Kentucky Green Party (Party) is to transform Kentucky's political and economic systems in ways that move the Commonwealth closer to the realization of our ten key values, which are as follows: 1.1 Grassroots Democracy Every human being deserves a say in the decisions that affect his or her life..." 2. Organized and run in accordance with these values. So far, we have operated in a way that is consistent with the values. We believe that the rest of the provisions of the bylaws show we are committed to continuing to do so. 3. A statewide organization open to, and reflective of, a statewide membership. In the process of organizing to this point, we have been focusing most of our attention on contacting Kentuckians in all parts of the state who are in agreement with the key values expressed in the GP platform.
    [Show full text]
  • Kentucky Lawyer, 1991
    Dean's Report Dean RUlheford B Campbell Each year. the beginning of classes is a hectic lished the Wendell H. Ford Professorship of ings and provide more hands-on experiences for time for all of us at the law school. Although I Law. It is now our largest professorship and has our students. always look forward to thereturn of the students an endowment of nearly $200,000. Problems such as these are always present and the. opportunity to get back into the class- Our support was not limited to professor- in a law school, however, and should not deflect room, the blizzard of paperwork and the myriad ships, however. Joel Williamson, a 1970 gradu- us from the realization that the law school is of problems that surface during those firstccuple ate of the College of Law, made a $50,000 cash headed in the right direction and is making real of months often seem oppressive. gift to the law school, and we used that to progress in the quality of its program. So, whenToddEberlesendsmeagentle (or, establish the Joel Williamson Scholarship Food. Foundations are the key to quality improve- truthfully. a not so gentle) reminder that my We made our first award from that endowment ments in any law school. A law school that has letter for the Kentucky Lawver is due, I always in April of this year. and Brett Todd is our first a fme faculty, a fine student body. a fine library groan. As Ibegin to prepare to write my letter, Joel Williamson Scholar here at the law school.
    [Show full text]
  • How Bosma Created His Power Base in His Farewell, He Urged Colleagues to Think a Decade in Advance, Which Is What He Did in 2010 by BRIAN A
    V25, N25 Thursday, March 12, 2020 How Bosma created his power base In his farewell, he urged colleagues to think a decade in advance, which is what he did in 2010 By BRIAN A. HOWEY INDIANAPOLIS – Speaking in the well of the Indiana House just after he had passed the gavel to Speaker Todd Huston, Brian Bosma reflected on one of the key elements of his record tenure. “We have to have a long-term vision here,” Bosma said at the end of a historic 12 years as speaker, including the last 10. “We each need to think a decade away.” He was speaking from experi- ence. While Republicans have held the Indiana Senate for all but two years House Minority Leader Brian Bosma on Election Night 2010, when the GOP recaptured (1974-76) in the past half century, the the Indiana House, igniting the reforms of Gov. Mitch Daniels. Indiana House had swung back and forth speaker for an unprecedented decade. between Republicans and Democrats regularly (along with His first stint as speaker lasted a mere two years, two 50/50 splits), until 2010. Bosma was instrumental in Continued on page 3 the creation of the super majority House, and he held it as Trumpian whiplash By BRIAN A. HOWEY INDIANAPOLIS — This has become the whiplash era of American politics. The punditry class was chastened in 2016. Howey Politics Indiana put out a “blue tsunami warning” that “I think there’s a good chance June, only to see it swing wildly the other way resulting in Donald Trump’s stunning upset of Hillary Clinton.
    [Show full text]
  • June 7, 2006 the Honorable Alberto R. Gonzales Attorney General U.S. Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington
    June 7, 2006 The Honorable Alberto R. Gonzales Attorney General U.S. Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington, DC 20530 Dear Attorney General Gonzales: Democracy 21 believes it is essential that you take all steps necessary to ensure that there is no political interference with the criminal investigations being conducted by the Public Integrity Section of the Justice Department and by U.S. Attorney offices in California concerning political corruption and potential criminal conduct by members of Congress. We strongly urge you to provide assurances to the public, and to the government prosecutors handling these cases, that you will not allow any political interference in these matters. These criminal investigations must be pursued wherever they lead, regardless of any political pressures that might be applied by members of Congress or others to influence the cases. Our concerns about possible political interference in these matters have only been heightened by the reactions of House Judiciary Committee Chairman James Sensenbrenner (R-WI) and other House leaders to the Justice Department’s obtaining of records from the congressional office of Representative William Jefferson (D-LA), pursuant to a court-approved search warrant. Regardless of the constitutional issues that may or may not be involved in the search of Representative Jefferson’s office, the overreactions of Chairman Sensenbrenner and other House members to the execution of a court-approved search warrant has raised concerns that enforcement officials are being warned to stay away from investigations involving members of Congress. This has occurred at a time, furthermore, when the Public Integrity Section’s investigation into the Jack Abramoff corruption scandals has reached a critical stage.
    [Show full text]
  • 25928 Hon. Nancy Pelosi Hon. Edolphus Towns Hon. Bob
    25928 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 12, 2001 education. She received her Masters of House Concurrent Resolution 232 ex- boards and councils. He was the first chair- Science in Human Resources Management presses the sense of the Congress that the man of the Office of Black Ministry in the Dio- from the New School for Social Research; she United States owes its deepest gratitude to cese of Brooklyn. By God’s grace and mercy graduated in the first class of the Pratt Insti- the passengers and crew of Flight 93, and and through Father Jim Goode’s gift of tutes Community Economic Development Pro- calls for the placement of a memorial plaque preaching and healing, thousands have come gram; and also holds a BS in accounting; Viv- on the grounds of the U.S. Capitol. It is with home to the Catholic faith. His motto: ian is also listed in ‘‘Who’s Who of American both great sadness and deep appreciation that ‘‘Blessed Assurance Jesus is mine and no Women’’. On top of her many other accom- I cast my vote for this resolution. matter how hard the task or how difficult the plishments, Vivian is a proud wife and mother f moment I am ready to go in your name’’. He receiving constant support from her husband is a longtime activist and leader of Social Jus- of 42 years, Lonnie Bright and their children, IN HONOR OF FR. JAMES E. GOODE tice and Peace. His untiring efforts to combat Gary, Teresa, Marvin, Jamal, and Tiffany. OFM, PH.D. and correct some of society’s most urgent Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Senate MONDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2012
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 112 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION Vol. 158 WASHINGTON, MONDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2012 No. 158 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Tuesday, December 11, 2012, at 12 p.m. Senate MONDAY, DECEMBER 10, 2012 The Senate met at 2 p.m. and was to the Senate from the President pro longest serving Senator from Vermont, called to order by the Honorable PAT- tempore (Mr. INOUYE). a man of such quality. Those of us who RICK J. LEAHY, a Senator from the The legislative clerk read the fol- work with the chairman of the Judici- State of Vermont. lowing letter: ary Committee, Senator LEAHY of U.S. SENATE, Vermont, consider it an honor to be PRAYER PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE, Washington, DC, December 10, 2012. able to talk to him—speaking for my- The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- self, but I am sure we all feel this fered the following prayer: To the Senate: Under the provisions of rule I, paragraph 3, way—and to learn from him. I am the Let us pray. of the Standing Rules of the Senate, I hereby Almighty and everlasting God, who majority leader in the Senate, but I appoint the Honorable PATRICK J. LEAHY, a talk to my friend from Vermont often forgives the sins of the penitent, create Senator from the State of Vermont, to per- in us contrite hearts and renew a right form the duties of the Chair.
    [Show full text]
  • MICROCOMP Output File
    FINAL EDITION OFFICIAL LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the UNITED STATES AND THEIR PLACES OF RESIDENCE ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS . JANUARY 4, 2001 Compiled by JEFF TRANDAHL, Clerk of the House of Representatives http://clerk.house.gov Republicans in roman (222); Democrats in italic (208); Independents in SMALL CAPS (2); vacancies (3) 1st VA, 4th MN, 32d CA; total 435. The number preceding the name is the Member’s district. ALABAMA 1 Sonny Callahan ........................................... Mobile 2 Terry Everett ............................................... Enterprise 3 Bob Riley ..................................................... Ashland 4 Robert B. Aderholt ...................................... Haleyville 5 Robert E. (Bud) Cramer, Jr. ........................ Huntsville 6 Spencer Bachus ........................................... Vestavia Hills 7 Earl F. Hilliard ........................................... Birmingham ALASKA AT LARGE Don Young ................................................... Fort Yukon ARIZONA 1 Matt Salmon ................................................ Mesa 2 Ed Pastor ..................................................... Phoenix 3 Bob Stump ................................................... Tolleson 4 John B. Shadegg .......................................... Phoenix 5 Jim Kolbe ..................................................... Tucson 6 J. D. Hayworth ............................................ Scottsdale ARKANSAS 1 Marion Berry ............................................... Gillett
    [Show full text]
  • Teaching About Big Money in Elections: to Amend Or Not to Amend the U.S
    Social Education 76(5), pp 236–241 ©2012 National Council for the Social Studies Teaching about Big Money in Elections: To Amend or Not to Amend the U.S. Constitution? James M. M. Hartwick and Brett L. M. Levy “Politics has become so expensive that it takes a lot of money even to be defeated.” — Will Rogers (1879–1935) Last summer, California and Massachusetts became the sixth and seventh states— activity is independent of the candidates’ along with Hawaii, New Mexico, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Maryland—to send a campaigns. These cases led to the rise resolution to the U.S. Congress calling for a constitutional amendment to (1) end the of “superPACs.” As long as they do not court’s extension of personhood rights to corporations, and (2) enable the government coordinate with campaigns and do not to definitively regulate campaign finances. This fall, with the bipartisan support of contribute directly to the candidates, its Democratic governor and Republican lieutenant governor, Montana is asking superPACs can raise unlimited funds voters to consider a referendum advising Montana’s congressional delegation to sup- from corporations, non-profits, unions, port such a constitutional amendment. Meanwhile, the current Congress has already and individuals and may spend those considered more than a dozen resolutions to amend the Constitution to strengthen funds to promote their favored political Congress’s ability to limit corporate funding of election activities, and 20 states have candidate or cause. In addition, non-prof- introduced similar resolutions.1 its, like “social welfare” groups (501 [c][4] s), may engage in unlimited non-coordi- Political support is growing.
    [Show full text]