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Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine BioMed Research International Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine Guest Editors: Periasamy Anbu, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Arzu Coleri Cihan, and Bidur Prasad Chaulagain Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine BioMed Research International Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine Guest Editors: Periasamy Anbu, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Arzu Coleri Cihan, and Bidur Prasad Chaulagain Copyright © 2013 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “BioMed Research International.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Contents Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine,PeriasamyAnbu, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Arzu Coleri Cihan, and Bidur Prasad Chaulagain Volume 2013, Article ID 204014, 2 pages Effect of C/N Ratio and Media Optimization through Response Surface Methodology on Simultaneous Productions of Intra- and Extracellular Inulinase and Invertase from Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611, Mojdeh Dinarvand, Malahat Rezaee, Malihe Masomian, Seyed Davoud Jazayeri, Mohsen Zareian, Sahar Abbasi, and Arbakariya B. Ariff Volume 2013, Article ID 508968, 13 pages A Broader View: Microbial Enzymes and Their Relevance in Industries, Medicine, and Beyond, Neelam Gurung, Sumanta Ray, Sutapa Bose, and Vivek Rai Volume 2013, Article ID 329121, 18 pages Copper Enhanced Monooxygenase Activity and FT-IR Spectroscopic Characterisation of Biotransformation Products in Trichloroethylene Degrading Bacterium: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia PM102,PiyaliMukherjeeandPranabRoy Volume 2013, Article ID 723680, 9 pages Class A -Lactamases as Versatile Scaffolds to Create Hybrid Enzymes: Applications from Basic Research to Medicine,Celine´ Huynen, Patrice Filee,´ Andre´ Matagne, Moreno Galleni, and Mireille Dumoulin Volume 2013, Article ID 827621, 16 pages Production, Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Protease from Streptomyces sp. MAB18 Using Poultry Wastes, Panchanathan Manivasagan, Jayachandran Venkatesan, Kannan Sivakumar, and Se-Kwon Kim Volume 2013, Article ID 496586, 12 pages -Glucosidases from the Fungus Trichoderma: An Efficient Cellulase Machinery in Biotechnological Applications, Pragya Tiwari, B. N. Misra, and Neelam S. Sangwan Volume 2013, Article ID 203735, 10 pages Improvement of Medium Chain Fatty Acid Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Coconut Oil via Solid-State Fermentation Using a Malaysian Geotrichum candidum, Anahita Khoramnia, Afshin Ebrahimpour, Raheleh Ghanbari, Zahra Ajdari, and Oi-Ming Lai Volume 2013, Article ID 954542, 9 pages Production and Characterization of Keratinolytic Protease from New Wool-Degrading Bacillus Species Isolated from Egyptian Ecosystem,MohamedA.Hassan,BakryM.Haroun,AmroA.Amara, and Ehab A. Serour Volume 2013, Article ID 175012, 14 pages Strategies to Characterize Fungal Lipases for Applications in Medicine and Dairy Industry, Subash C. B. Gopinath, Periasamy Anbu, Thangavel Lakshmipriya, and Azariah Hilda Volume 2013, Article ID 154549, 10 pages Production, Purification, and Characterization of a Major Penicillium glabrum Xylanase Using Brewer’s Spent Grain as Substrate, Adriana Knob, Susan Michelz Beitel, Diana Fortkamp, Cesar´ Rafael Fanchini Terrasan, and Alex Fernando de Almeida Volume 2013, Article ID 728735, 8 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation BioMed Research International Volume 2013, Article ID 204014, 2 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/204014 Editorial Microbial Enzymes and Their Applications in Industries and Medicine Periasamy Anbu,1 Subash C. B. Gopinath,2 Arzu Coleri Cihan,3 and Bidur Prasad Chaulagain4 1 Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea 2 Nanoelectronics Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Tandogan, Ankara 06100, Turkey 4 Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Correspondence should be addressed to Periasamy Anbu; [email protected] Received 23 October 2013; Accepted 23 October 2013 Copyright © 2013 Periasamy Anbu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Enzymes are considered as a potential biocatalyst for a large focusonamylaseandlipase.Enzymesgenerallyincrease number of reactions. Particularly, the microbial enzymes the reaction rates by several million times than normal have widespread uses in industries and medicine. The chemical reactions. Lipases play an important role in the microbialenzymesarealsomoreactiveandstablethan food, detergent, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. In plant and animal enzymes. In addition, the microorganisms the past, microbial lipases gained significant attention in the represent an alternative source of enzymes because they can industriesduetotheirsubstratespecificityandstabilityunder be cultured in large quantities in a short time by fermentation varied conditions. Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the and owing to their biochemical diversity and susceptibility to breakdown of starch into sugars, abundant in the process gene manipulation. Industries are looking for new microbial of animal and human digestion. The major advantage of strains in order to produce different enzymes to fulfil the microbialamylasesisbeingeconomicalandeasytomanip- current enzyme requirements. This special issue covers ten ulate. Currently, much attention is paid to rapid development articles including three review articles, mainly highlighting of microbial enzyme technology, and these enzymes are the importance and applications of biotechnologically and relatively more stable than the enzymes derived from plants industrially valuable microbial enzymes. and animals. M. Dinarvand et al. in their paper optimized the condi- P. Mukherjee and P. Roy in their paper have purified and tions for overproduction of intraextracellular inulinase and characterized the enzyme hydrocarbon dioxygenase from invertase from the fungus Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia PM102, which has a broad Optimization is one of the most important criteria in devel- substrate specificity. They found that the presence of copper oping any new microbial process. Response surface analysis induces the enzyme activity to be 10.3-fold higher, and NADH is one of the vital tools to determine the optimal process induces the increment to be 14.96-fold. Proposed copper conditions. This kind of design of a limited set of variables enhanced monooxygenase activity and Fourier transform- is advantageous compared to the conventional method. The infrared (FT-IR) characterization of biotransformation prod- response surface methodology was used for this optimization ucts from trichloroethylene satisfy the production of indus- and achieved the increment until 16 times. This study would trially and medically important chemicals and make biore- be highly useful for the potential application in fermentation mediation more attractive by improving the development of industries. this technology. In this review, N. Gurung et al. have made an attempt to C. Huynen et al. in their review paper discuss the highlight the importance of different enzymes with a special importance of protein scaffold to develop hybrid enzymes. 2 BioMed Research International The paper discusses the use of class A betalactamase as These bacteria were able to degrade the wool completely versatile scaffolds to design hybrid enzymes mentioned as within 5 days and also produced the highest enzyme activity. betalactamase hybrid proteins (BHPs), in which an external The characterization studies confirmed that the enzyme is polypeptide, peptide, protein, or their fragment is inserted at stable in a broad range of pH and temperatures. Furthermore, various suitable positions. The paper highlights further how they confirmed that the keratinolytic proteases from isolated BHPscanbespecificallydesignedtodevelopasbifunctional bacteriaarestableinvariousorganicsolvents. proteins to produce and characterize the proteins otherwise In this review article, S. C. B. Gopinath et al. put different difficult to express, to determine the epitope of specific anti- strategies to characterize fungal lipases for their role in bodies, to generate antibodies against nonimmunogenic epi- industry and medicine. The advantage of fungal lipases is topes, and to understand the structure/function relationship bestowed with their extracellular nature of production thus of proteins. The hybrid proteins can be applied to produce reducing the complexities and high operation cost comparing difficult-to-express peptides/proteins/protein fragments, to to other bacterial enzymes. The authors provide several map epitopes, to display antigens, and to study protein illustrations to show how lipolysis can be utilized and put structure/function relationships. Among other applications, strategies for the characterization of fungal lipases that are BHPs could be an important player in biosensors and in capable of degrading fatty substances from different sources, affinity chromatography, drug screening, and
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