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Cognitivebehavioral Therapy for Adults with ADHD (WWK
4/12/2015 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Adults with ADHD (WWK 21) Print Document Close Window CognitiveBehavioral Therapy for Adults with ADHD (WWK 21) Can't find what you're looking for? Our health information specialists are here to help. Contact us at 800233 4050 or online. WWK refers to the What We Know series of information sheets on ADHD. See the complete list. See the PDF version of this sheet. There is much interest in but also apparently much confusion about the nature of cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT) and the way it can be used to help adults with ADHD. Cognitivebehavioral therapy refers to a type of mental health treatment in which the focus is on the thoughts and behaviors that occur "in the here and now." This approach is quite different from traditional forms of psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapy which involve recapturing and reprocessing the childhood experiences that are understood to have given rise to current emotional problems. A difference of CBT over these earlier therapies is that its goals and methods are quite explicit. As such, it lends itself more readily to measuring whether or not desired goals have been achieved. Origins and Early Uses of CBT CBT originated in a melding of "cognitive therapy," developed in the 1960's by Aaron Beck and popularized by Albert Ellis, and "behavior therapy," developed by B.F. Skinner, Joseph Volpe and others. Beck and Ellis postulated that we all have "automatic thoughts" that occur immediately in response to an event, situation, or other stimulus. These thoughts (or "cognitions") may be helpful that is, they lead to positive feelings and effective coping or they may be negative, in that they lead to feelings of depression or anxiety and maladaptive behavior. -
The Distinctive Role of Executive Functions in Implicit Emotion Regulation
Acta Psychologica 173 (2017) 13–20 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Psychologica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actpsy The distinctive role of executive functions in implicit emotion regulation Marco Sperduti a,b,⁎,1, Dominique Makowski a,b,1, Margherita Arcangeli c, Prany Wantzen a,b, Tiziana Zalla c, Stéphane Lemaire d, Jérôme Dokic c, Jérôme Pelletier c,e, Pascale Piolino a,b,f a Memory and Cognition Lab, Institute of Psychology, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France b INSERM UMR S894, Center for Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France c Institut Jean Nicod (CNRS-EHESS-ENS), Département d'Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France d Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France e Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), Paris, France f Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France article info abstract Article history: Several theoretical models stress the role of executive functions in emotion regulation (ER). However, most of the Received 31 March 2016 previous studies on ER employed explicit regulatory strategies that could have engaged executive functions, be- Received in revised form 24 November 2016 yond regulatory processes per se. Recently, there has been renewed interest in implicit forms of ER, believed to be Accepted 4 December 2016 closer to daily-life requirements. While various studies have shown that implicit and explicit ER engage partially Available online xxxx overlapping neurocognitive processes, the contribution of different executive functions in implicit ER has not been investigated. In the present study, we presented participants with negatively valenced pictures of varying Keywords: fi Emotion regulation emotional intensity preceded by short texts describing them as either ctional or real. -
Executive Functions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Brain and Cognition 71 (2009) 362–368 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Brain and Cognition journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/b&c Executive functions in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Sally Robinson a,*, Lorna Goddard b, Barbara Dritschel c, Mary Wisley c, Pat Howlin a a Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom b Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom c Department of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9AJ, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Executive dysfunction is a characteristic impairment of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders Accepted 24 June 2009 (ASD). However whether such deficits are related to autism per se, or to associated intellectual disability Available online 22 July 2009 is unclear. This paper examines executive functions in a group of children with ASD (N = 54, all IQP70) in relation to a typically developing control group individually matched on the basis of age, gender, IQ and Keywords: vocabulary. Significant impairments in the inhibition of prepotent responses (Stroop, Junior Hayling Test) Autism and planning (Tower of London) were reported for children with ASD, with preserved performance for Asperger syndrome mental flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Task) and generativity (Verbal Fluency). Atypical age-related Autistic spectrum disorder patterns of performance were reported on tasks tapping response inhibition and self-monitoring for chil- Executive functions Development dren with ASD compared to controls. The disparity between these and previous research findings are dis- Children cussed. A multidimensional notion of executive functions is proposed, with difficulties in planning, the Mental flexibility inhibition of prepotent responses and self-monitoring reflecting characteristic features of ASD that are Planning independent of IQ and verbal ability, and relatively stable across the childhood years. -
Redalyc.EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES in THE
Acta Colombiana de Psicología ISSN: 0123-9155 [email protected] Universidad Católica de Colombia Colombia Armengol de la Miyar, Carmen G.; Moes, Elisabeth J. EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY AND EVALUATION OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION Acta Colombiana de Psicología, vol. 17, núm. 2, 2014, pp. 69-79 Universidad Católica de Colombia Bogotá, Colombia Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=79832492008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Acta.colomb.psicol. 17 (2): 69-79, 2014 http://www.dx.doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2014.17.2.8 EPISTEMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES IN THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY AND EVALUATION OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION Dr. Carmen G. Armengol de la Miyar1*, Dr. Elisabeth J. Moes2** 1Counseling and Applied Psychology Department, Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 2Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Recibido, abril 25/2014 Referencia: Armengol de la Miyar, C.G. & Moes, E.J. Concepto de evaluación, mayo 12/2014 (2014). Epistemological perspectives in the scientific Aceptado, mayo 28/2014 study and clinical evaluation of executive function. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 17 (2), pp. 69-79. DOI:10.14718/ ACP.2014.17.2.8 Abstract In this article, epistemological perspectives that have shaped and affected the scientific quest for understanding what neuropsychologists term “executive functions” are reviewed. Executive functions refer to the control functions of cognition and behavior. -
Executive Dysfunction Or State Regulation
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-17-2017 Executive Dysfunction or State Regulation: A Dimensional Comparison of Two Neuropsychological Theories of Attention Disorder Symptoms Using RDoC Paradigms Justin Hull Ory Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Clinical Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Ory, Justin Hull, "Executive Dysfunction or State Regulation: A Dimensional Comparison of Two Neuropsychological Theories of Attention Disorder Symptoms Using RDoC Paradigms" (2017). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 4094. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/4094 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. EXECUTIVE DYSFUNCTION OR STATE REGULATION: A DIMENSIONAL COMPARISON OF TWO NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF ATTENTION DISORDER SYMPTOMS USING RDOC PARADIGMS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Psychology by Justin Hull Ory B.A., Southeastern Louisiana University, 2005 M.A., Southeastern Louisiana University, 2008 December 2017 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my dissertation chair, Wm. Drew Gouvier, for critiquing the manuscript and offering his technical and moral support as I conducted my research. I also thank the members of my dissertation committee, Alex Cohen, Mike Hawkins, and Paolo Chirumbolo, for their patience as I stumbled through learning the skills necessary to complete this project. -
Treating Executive Dysfunction to Improve Insight in Psychiatric
Archives of Neurology and Neuro Disorders ISSN: 2638-504X Volume 1, Issue 2, 2018, PP: 27-30 Treating Executive Dysfunction to Improve Insight in Psychiatric Disorders Prajjita Sarma Bardoloi, MBBS, FRCPC Department of Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada. [email protected] *Corresponding Author: Prajjita Sarma Bardoloi, Department of Psychiatry, Queen Elizabeth II Hospital, Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada. Abstract Executive dysfunction is not a primary psychiatric diagnosis in DSM 5, but it plays an important role in insight. This in turn determines treatment adherence, relapse prevention and functional improvement. This article shades light into importance of addressing executive dysfunction in treating acute mental illness, in order to improve overall outcome. Introduction Th ive functioning and many researchers have described Executive Function (EF) is an umbrella term that ere is no consensus definition of execut encompasses a cluster of very important cognitive overall, included similar functions. functions needed for an individual to survive in today’s these complex functions in their own definitions but critical world. The expression “Executive Function” Components of executive function became a favored title to describe those functions, because of the complexity and their roles in a person’s various researchers which include: life e.g. to guide him /her in making everyday decisions, Several components of EF have been identified by Working Memory to have goal directed activities, planning & organizing, to be able to adapt to the changes of environment, • Response Inhibition inhibit impulses and to be socially appropriate (1,4). • Set shifting Executive dysfunction is often used synonymously • Initiation frontal network syndrome. -
Assessing Auditory Processing Endophenotypes Associated with Schizophrenia in Individuals with 22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Ana A
Francisco et al. Translational Psychiatry (2020) 10:85 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0764-3 Translational Psychiatry ARTICLE Open Access Assessing auditory processing endophenotypes associated with Schizophrenia in individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome Ana A. Francisco 1,2,JohnJ.Foxe 1,2,3,DouweJ.Horsthuis1, Danielle DeMaio1 and Sophie Molholm1,2,3 Abstract 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the strongest known molecular risk factor for schizophrenia. Brain responses to auditory stimuli have been studied extensively in schizophrenia and described as potential biomarkers of vulnerability to psychosis. We sought to understand whether these responses might aid in differentiating individuals with 22q11.2DS as a function of psychotic symptoms, and ultimately serve as signals of risk for schizophrenia. A duration oddball paradigm and high-density electrophysiology were used to test auditory processing in 26 individuals with 22q11.2DS (13–35 years old, 17 females) with varying degrees of psychotic symptomatology and in 26 age- and sex-matched neurotypical controls (NT). Presentation rate varied across three levels, to examine the effect of increasing demands on memory and the integrity of sensory adaptation. We tested whether N1 and mismatch negativity (MMN), typically reduced in schizophrenia, related to clinical/cognitive measures, and how they were affected by presentation rate. N1 adaptation effects interacted with psychotic symptomatology: Compared to an NT group, individuals with 22q11.2DS but no psychotic symptomatology presented larger adaptation effects, whereas those with psychotic symptomatology presented smaller effects. In contrast, individuals with 22q11.2DS showed increased effects of presentation rate on MMN amplitude, regardless of the presence of symptoms. -
Mind Maps in Service of the Mental Brain Activity
PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM UDC 57:61 VOL. 116, No 2, 213–217, 2014 CODEN PDBIAD ISSN 0031-5362 Forum Mind maps in service of the mental brain activity Summary ŽELJKA JOSIPOVIĆ JELIĆ 1 VIDA DEMARIN 3 Tony Buzan is the creator of the mind maps who based his mnemonic IVANA ŠOLJAN 2 techniques of brain mapping on the terms of awareness and wide brain 1Center for Medical Expertise functionality as well as on the ability of memorizing, reading and creativ- HR-10000 Zagreb, Tvrtkova 5 ity. He conceived the idea that regular practice improves brain functions but Croatia he also introduced radiant thinking and mental literacy. One of the last 2Zagreba~ka banka enormous neuroscience ventures is to clarify the brain complexity and mind HR-10000 Zagreb, Juri{i}eva 22 and to get a complete insight into the mental brain activity. ! e history of Croatia human thought and brain processes dates back in the antiquity and is marked by di" erent ways of looking on the duality of mental and physical 3Medical Director, Medical Centre Aviva HR-10000, Zagreb, Nemetova 2 processes. ! e interaction of mental and physical processes and functioning Croatia of individual results in behavior of the body being carved in the state of mind, and vice versa. Both stable mind - body relation and integrated func- tions of behavior and thinking are necessary for a healthy physiological func- Correspondence: tioning of a human being. @eljka Josipovi} Jeli} Specialist neuropsychiatrist ! e meaning and nature of concience and mind preoccupies as all. In Center for Medical Expertise the decade of brain (1990-2000) and the century of brain (2000-1000) HR-10000 Zagreb, Tvrtkova 5, Croatia numerous discussions were lead and new scienti# c directions formed (cogni- E-mail: zeljka.josipovic-jelic @si.t-com.hr tive science, chemistry of feelings, evolutionary psychology, neurobiology, neurology of consciousness, neurophysiology of memory, philosophy of science and mind etc.) in order to understand and scientifcally clarify the mysteries of mind. -
On the Evolutionary Origins of Executive Functions Brain And
Brain and Cognition 68 (2008) 92–99 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Brain and Cognition journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/b&c On the evolutionary origins of executive functions Alfredo Ardila * Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, 10900 SW 13 Street, HLS 139, Miami, FL 33199, USA article info abstract Article history: In this paper it is proposed that the prefrontal lobe participates in two closely related but different exec- Accepted 3 March 2008 utive function abilities: (1) ‘‘metacognitive executive functions”: problem solving, planning, concept for- Available online 7 April 2008 mation, strategy development and implementation, controlling attention, working memory, and the like; that is, executive functions as they are usually understood in contemporary neuroscience; and (2) ‘‘emo- Keywords: tional/motivational executive functions”: coordinating cognition and emotion/motivation (that is, fulfill- Executive functions ing biological needs according to some existing conditions). The first one depends on the dorsolateral Metacognition prefrontal areas, whereas the second one is associated with orbitofrontal and medial frontal areas. Cur- Language evolution rent tests of executive functions basically tap the first ability (metacognitive). Solving everyday problems (functional application of executive functions), however, mostly requires the second ability (emotional/ motivational); therefore, these tests have limited ecological validity. Contrary to the traditional points of view, recent evidence suggests that the human prefrontal lobe is similar to other primates and hominids. Other primates and hominids may possess the second (emotional executive functions) prefrontal ability, -but not the first (metacognitive executive functions) one. It is argued that metacognitive executive func- tions are significantly dependent on culture and cultural instruments. -
THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT of the PATIENT with EARLY DEMENTIA S Cooper, J D W Greene V15
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: first published as 10.1136/jnnp.2005.081133 on 16 November 2005. Downloaded from THE CLINICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PATIENT WITH EARLY DEMENTIA S Cooper, J D W Greene v15 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76(Suppl V):v15–v24. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.081133 ementia is a clinical state characterised by a loss of function in at least two cognitive domains. When making a diagnosis of dementia, features to look for include memory Dimpairment and at least one of the following: aphasia, apraxia, agnosia and/or disturbances in executive functioning. To be significant the impairments should be severe enough to cause problems with social and occupational functioning and the decline must have occurred from a previously higher level. It is important to exclude delirium when considering such a diagnosis. When approaching the patient with a possible dementia, taking a careful history is paramount. Clues to the nature and aetiology of the disorder are often found following careful consultation with the patient and carer. A focused cognitive and physical examination is useful and the presence of specific features may aid in diagnosis. Certain investigations are mandatory and additional tests are recommended if the history and examination indicate particular aetiologies. It is useful when assessing a patient with cognitive impairment in the clinic to consider the following straightforward questions: c Is the patient demented? c If so, does the loss of function conform to a characteristic pattern? c Does the pattern of dementia conform to a particular pattern? c What is the likely disease process responsible for the dementia? An understanding of cognitive function and its anatomical correlates is necessary in order to ascertain which brain areas are affected. -
View / Open Oswald Oregon 0171A 10511.Pdf
RELATIONS AMONG THEORY OF MIND AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTION ABILITIES IN TYPICALLY DEVELOPING ADOLESCENTS AND ADOLESCENTS WITH ASPERGER’S SYNDROME AND HIGH FUNCTIONING AUTISM by TASHA MIRAJA OSWALD A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Psychology and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2012 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Tasha Miraja Oswald Title: Relations Among Theory of Mind and Executive Function Abilities in Typically Developing Adolescents and Adolescents with Asperger’s Syndrome and High Functioning Autism This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Psychology by: Louis Moses Chairperson Jennifer Pfeifer Member Edward Vogel Member Laura Lee McIntyre Outside Member and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research & Innovation/Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2012 ii © 2012 Tasha Miraja Oswald This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (United States) License. iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Tasha Miraja Oswald Doctor of Philosophy Department of Psychology September 2012 Title: Relations Among Theory of Mind and Executive Function Abilities in Typically Developing Adolescents and Adolescents with Asperger’s Syndrome and High Functioning Autism The aim of the current study was to bring greater clarity to our understanding of the relation between theory of mind (ToM) and executive function (EF), specifically working memory (WM) and inhibitory control (IC), during typical adolescent development and of the specific nature of impairments in ToM and EF in the cognitive profile of individuals with Asperger’s Syndrome and High Functioning Autism (AS/HFA). -
The Three Amnesias
The Three Amnesias Russell M. Bauer, Ph.D. Department of Clinical and Health Psychology College of Public Health and Health Professions Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida PO Box 100165 HSC Gainesville, FL 32610-0165 USA Bauer, R.M. (in press). The Three Amnesias. In J. Morgan and J.E. Ricker (Eds.), Textbook of Clinical Neuropsychology. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis/Psychology Press. The Three Amnesias - 2 During the past five decades, our understanding of memory and its disorders has increased dramatically. In 1950, very little was known about the localization of brain lesions causing amnesia. Despite a few clues in earlier literature, it came as a complete surprise in the early 1950’s that bilateral medial temporal resection caused amnesia. The importance of the thalamus in memory was hardly suspected until the 1970’s and the basal forebrain was an area virtually unknown to clinicians before the 1980’s. An animal model of the amnesic syndrome was not developed until the 1970’s. The famous case of Henry M. (H.M.), published by Scoville and Milner (1957), marked the beginning of what has been called the “golden age of memory”. Since that time, experimental analyses of amnesic patients, coupled with meticulous clinical description, pathological analysis, and, more recently, structural and functional imaging, has led to a clearer understanding of the nature and characteristics of the human amnesic syndrome. The amnesic syndrome does not affect all kinds of memory, and, conversely, memory disordered patients without full-blown amnesia (e.g., patients with frontal lesions) may have impairment in those cognitive processes that normally support remembering.