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Delft University of Technology Transactions; Or Architecture As A Delft University of Technology Transactions; or Architecture as a System of Research Programs Mejia Hernandez, Jorge DOI 10.4233/uuid:8e4e1df7-716b-40d8-bb38-3fd9f03bdda4 Publication date 2018 Document Version Final published version Citation (APA) Mejia Hernandez, J. (2018). Transactions; or Architecture as a System of Research Programs. https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:8e4e1df7-716b-40d8-bb38-3fd9f03bdda4 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. Transactions; or Architecture as a System of Research Programs Dissertation for the purpose of obtaining the degree of doctor at Delft University of Technology by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. dr. ir. T.H.J.J. van der Hagen, chair of the Board for Doctorates to be defended publicly on Tuesday 16 October 2018 at 15:00 o’clock by Jorge Alberto MEJÍA HERNÁNDEZ Master of Architecture, Master of History and Theory of Art and Architecture, Universidad Nacional de Colombia born in Cali, Colombia 1 This dissertation has been approved by the promotor. Composition of the doctoral committee: Rector Magnificus, chairperson Prof. Dr. Ir. T.L.P Avermaete Delft University of Technology, promotor Independent members: Prof. dr. ir. C. Hein Delft University of Technology Prof. dr. A. Sarnitz Academy of Fine Arts Vienna, Austria Prof. dr. ir. L. Schrijver University of Antwerp, Belgium Prof. dr. ir. H.M.C. Heynen Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium Prof. ir. C.H.C.F. Kaan Delft University of Technology, reserve member ISBN/EAN: 978-94-028-1190-2 Cover image: Mailboxes in Rabat, Morocco © Jorge Mejía Hernández Cover design: © Ingrid Keur © 2018, Jorge Mejía Hernández All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be usd and/or reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the author. Image sources and credits: Cover image, 1, 5, 13 and 15 – Jorge Mejía Hernández 2 – the Estate of Mark Lombardi 3 - Feyerabend, Paul K.: “Outline of a Pluralistic Theory of Knowledge and Action,” in Anderson, Stanford: Planning for Diversity and Choice: Possible Futures and their Relation to the Man Controlled Environment. Cambridge (Mass.): MIT, 1968, p. 281 4 - Anderson, Stanford: “Architectural Design as a System of Research Programs,” Design Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3 (1984), p. 149; and “Rational Reconstructions and Architectural Knowledge,” in Faschingeder, Kristian, et al. (eds.): Architecture in the Age of Empire. Weimar: Verlag der Bauhaus-Universität, 2011, p. 164 6, 7 – Revista Proa 8 – Maurizio Salazar Valenzuela 9 – Fundación Rogelio Salmona 10 – Canadian Centre for Architecture 11 – Fondation Le Corbusier 12 – Brooks, H. Allen: Le Corbusier’s Formative Years, Charles-Edouard Jeanneret at La Chaux-De-Fonds. London and Chicago: the University of Chicago University Press, 1997, p. 473 14 – Joedicke, Jürgen (ed.): Candilis, Josic, Woods: A Decade of Architecture and Urban Design. Stuttgart, Bern: Karl Krämer Verlag, 1968 2 Propositions Of the dissertation by Jorge Mejia “Transactions; or Architecture as a Series of Research Programs” 1. Popular modernist histories of architecture, such as those written by Reyner Banham, follow a hermeneutic trajectory, and rely on the historicist tendencies to explain architecture in relation to supposedly incontrovertible principles or laws, and to prophesy the future of architecture based on those principles or laws. 2. Together, the hermeneutic trajectory and the historicist tendencies that can be identified in modernist architectural historiography, have been used as instruments of power, fostering relations based on superstition and tribalism among architects. 3. The growth and the development of architectural knowledge are seriously hindered in closed architectural societies, understood as those in which the relations between architects are marked by tribalism and superstition, and in which criticism and the formulation of bold propositions are limited, discouraged, or impeded altogether. 4. An architectural position can be understood as an architect’s decision to use a particular set of instruments and methods in order to confront a discernible question, and in relation to the choices of other architects who confront that question by using equally discernible instruments and methods. 5. An architecture without tradition is also without theory. 6. The growth and the development of architectural knowledge are favored by proliferation; or the deliberate incorporation of variables in the assessment of any question. 7. Every architecture articulates a vision of a possible future for the built environment with the necessary instruments and methods required to achieve that possible future. 8. The built environment articulates multiple architectures, plus a series of unforeseeable possibilities that result from the articulation of those architectures. In this sense, the built environment is simultaneously physical and metaphysical. 9. Competition and collaboration among architects are always carried out within the realms of architectural use or purpose, form, communication, and technique. 10. Architects often neglect or reject architectures produced within research programs different to those in which they inscribe their own work. Criticism among architects is often limited to work produced within a single research program. These propositions are regarded as opposable and defendable, and have been approved as such by the supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ir. T.L.P. Avermaete 3 Stellingen horende bij het proefschrift van Jorge Mejia “Transactions; or Architecture as a Series of Research Programs” 1. Populaire modernistische architectuurgeschiedenissen, zoals die geschreven door Reyner Banham, volgen een hermeneutisch traject en zijn afhankelijk van twee historicistische tendensen: de tendens om architectuur te verklaren in relatie tot veronderstelde onomstotelijke principes of wetten, en de tendens om de toekomst van architectuur op basis van die principes of wetten te voorspellen. 2. Het hermeneutische traject en de historicistische tendensen die kunnen worden geïdentificeerd in de modernistische architectuurgeschiedschrijving, worden beide gebruikt als instrumenten voor macht, en voeden relaties gebaseerd op bijgeloof en tribalisme onder architecten. 3. In gesloten architectonische kringen worden de groei en de ontwikkeling van architectonische kennis ernstig belemmerd. In dergelijke gesloten architecturale kringen worden de relaties tussen architecten gekenmerkt door tribalisme en bijgeloof, en worden kritiek en het formuleren van gedurfde proposities beperkt, ontmoedigd of geheel belemmerd. 4. Een architectonische positie kan worden opgevat als een beslissing van een architect om een specifiek instrumentarium en specifieke methoden te gebruiken om een bepaalde kwestie te benaderen. Deze positie staat in relatie tot de keuzes van andere architecten die dezelfde kwestie vanuit hun eigen instrumenten en methoden benaderen. 5. Een architectuur zonder traditie is tevens zonder theorie. 6. De groei en de ontwikkeling van architectonische kennis worden begunstigd door proliferatie, een mechanisme dat we kunnen begrijpen als het bewust opnemen van meerdere variabelen bij de analyse van een opgave. 7. Elke architectuur articuleert zowel een visie op een mogelijke toekomst voor de gebouwde omgeving als de instrumenten en methoden die nodig zijn om die mogelijke toekomst te bereiken. 8. De gebouwde omgeving omvat meerdere architecturen, plus een reeks onvoorziene mogelijkheden die voortkomen uit de articulatie van die architecturen. In deze zin is de gebouwde omgeving tegelijkertijd fysiek en metafysisch. 9. Concurrentie en samenwerking tussen architecten vindt altijd plaats binnen de domeinen van architectonisch gebruik of functie, vorm, communicatie en techniek. 10. Architecten verwaarlozen of verwerpen vaak architectuurprojecten die zijn geproduceerd binnen andere onderzoeksprogramma's dan degene waartoe ze hun eigen werk rekenen. Kritiek onder architecten is vaak beperkt tot werk dat wordt geproduceerd binnen een enkel onderzoeksprogramma. Deze stellingen worden opponeerbaar en verdedigbaar geacht en zijn als zodanig goedgekeurd door de promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. T.L.P. Avermaete 4 Contents Acknowledgments 7 Summary 8 Introduction – The Dynamics of Discourse 15 Beyond modernist architectural historiography 15 An adequate history 22 Framework 27 Paradigm 29 Structure 32 Chapter 1 – Towards Methodology 37 Appraising architecture 37 Tradition and authority 39 Architecture as model 50 Proliferation and the built environment as artefact 57 Research programs 68 Heuristics 80 Chapter 2 – Centro Gaitán: Architectural Purpose Beyond Modernist Functionalism 99 Communication and purpose 99 Use and improvement of means 109 Influence 117 Process 123 Awareness 131
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