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Strengthening Rural Community Development in Chin State, Myanmar

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Strengthening Rural Community Development in Chin State, Myanmar STRENGTHENING RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHIN STATE, MYANMAR RESEARCH PAPER – OCTOBER 2020 ActionAid Myanmar I 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author and the research team would like to thank everyone who contributed to this study. We acknowledge in particular the time of Zir Than Hnuni and all Hualango Development Organisation (HLDO) staff, people from Chin communities of Hualngo Area in Falam District, and the financial contribution made by ActionAid Myanmar donors for making this research possible. Research Team and Contributors Editors Sanna Alaluusua Charles David Crumpton Lal Rin Chani Mariana Cifuentes Htay Khine Shin Lal Ram Chuana Copyeditor Hrang Than Puia Paul Taylor Lal Nun Zira Lal Hlun Mawii Photographer Jenet Lalrinfeli Kyaw Lin Htike Translators Elizabethi Benjamin Lallianzama Isaac Chanchin Mawia ABOUT THE RESEARCH TEAM About Hualngo Land Development Organisation Hualngo Land Development Organisation (HLDO) was established in April 2010 to support development of the Hualngo Area of Chin State, with the aim of eventually working in other areas of the State. HLDO was established by tribal leaders committed to serving their people to improve their quality of life. It seeks to pursue sustainable development through community empowerment and increasing people’s abilities to analyse their community needs and identify effective solutions. About ActionAid Myanmar ActionAid is a feminist organisation that uses a human rights-based approach (HRBA) to ensure that the voices of the most vulnerable, particularly women and youth, are heard. ActionAid is working with communities across the world to develop solutions that help people adapt to climate change impacts and build resilience. ActionAid is working with civil society organisations and networks across the world to protect civic and political rights. In 2016, AAM and HLDO began to work together to establish the Fellowship programme in 60 Chin communities and increase HLDO’s organisational capacity through training in financial and project management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), documentation, and reporting. i I STRENGTHENING RURAL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHIN STATE, MYANMAR TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................. i ABOUT THE RESEARCH TEAM ......................................................................................................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................II ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................V 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Objectives of the study ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Chin State characteristics ..................................................................................................... 3 Demographics and the impact of poverty ....................................................................... 3 Local governance characteristics ................................................................................. 3 The role of traditional and religious values, ethnicity and gender ........................................... 3 Falam Township description ....................................................................................... 4 1.3. Fellow-led participatory planning and community development .............................................. 5 1.4. Conceptual framework ....................................................................................................... 6 2. RESEARCH PROCESS ............................................................................................................. 7 2.1. Research activities .............................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Data collection and Analysis................................................................................................. 7 2.3. Research ethics .................................................................................................................. 8 2.4. Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 9 3. FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.1. Giving youth the lead ........................................................................................................ 10 Seeing community development differently ....................................................................10 Bringing villagers together ........................................................................................10 Challenges faced by Fellows ......................................................................................11 3.2. Transforming roles of women ............................................................................................ 12 Experience of women as Fellows and inclusive village decision-making ...................................13 Evidence of altering home and community roles ..............................................................14 Has the status quo been challenged? ...........................................................................14 3.3. Self-sufficient communities? .............................................................................................. 15 Villages defining their needs and identifying solutions ..............................................................15 Creation of community-based organisations .................................................................................... 15 Limits to village community development capacity ..................................................................15 4. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................................... 17 4.1. Research Findings ............................................................................................................. 17 4.2. Areas for further study ..................................................................................................... 19 5. RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................ 21 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 22 ANNEXES ................................................................................................................................. 24 1: Stakeholders interviewed by Fellows and interview themes ...................................................... 24 2: Codes using in transcript analysis ........................................................................................... 25 3: Hierarchy of power dynamic shift ........................................................................................... 27 ActionAid Myanmar I I This report presents a discussion of the research findings EXECUTIVE SUMMARY regarding community power dynamics and leadership, and the inclusion of women and youth in community decision- ActionAid works towards protecting and fulfilling the making structures and processes. It considers factors human rights of people living in poverty as the best way to impeding the inclusion of these and other historically eradicate poverty and injustice (ActionAid, 2020, p.10). We marginalised groups. For example, bringing previously see people living in poverty and exclusion as leading agents excluded voices into village planning processes – such in their development process and in challenging unequal as young people and women – challenges traditional power. community spaces dominated by older males in leadership positions. Gendered social and cultural norms, values, and In 2006, ActionAid Myanmar introduced the Fellows practices in Myanmar and Chin State have profound impacts programme, which trained women and youth leaders on the life opportunities of women and men such as access to help communities to claim their rights. The Fellows to education, health care, and other social services. programme supports youth leadership at village level, while also establishing bottom-up participatory development There is evidence in the current study that the Fellow-led planning processes. An example of Fellows guiding their community development process can facilitate changes in communities to critically analyse their needs and resources these traditional power relationships. Women and other is a gender imbalance visualisation exercise, where men and historically marginalised villagers have been invited to women sit together to discuss, understand and visualise participate in village level meetings and other activities gender imbalances in the community using a ‘cobweb’ and encouraged to express their opinions and ideas. Some diagram. This exercise is a basis from which Fellows work female Fellows have found that formerly doubtful male with communities to reduce the differentiation between the community members have become more
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