Training, Ethos, Camaraderie and Endurance of World War Two Australian POW Nurses

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Training, Ethos, Camaraderie and Endurance of World War Two Australian POW Nurses Training, ethos, camaraderie and endurance of World War Two Australian POW nurses By Sarah Fulford 1 Contents Page Chapter 1: Introduction ..................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2: Historical framework ...................................................................... 13 Chapter 3: The Historical Context of Australian Nursing .................................. 32 Chapter 4: The Nurses at War – World War Two ............................................. 43 Chapter 5: Ethos .............................................................................................. 61 Chapter 6: Camaraderie ................................................................................... 83 Chapter 7: Resourcefulness ........................................................................... 113 Chapter 8: Conclusion .................................................................................... 141 Appendices: Appendix 1: AANS Pledge of Service .............................................................. 144 Appendix 2: Images of the Nurses in Malaya ................................................. 145 Appendix 3: Vyner Brooke Nurses ................................................................. 153 Appendix 4: Image of the Vyner Brooke and maps showing the movement of nurses during internment .............................................................................. 155 Appendix 5: Drawings by POWS during internment ...................................... 158 Appendix 6: “The Captive’s Hymn ................................................................. 163 Appendix 7: Images of POWs after evacuation 1945 ..................................... 165 2 CHAPTER 1 Introduction Thesis Statement On 12 February 1942, during World War II, the ship the Vyner Brooke fled Singapore as it was being attacked by the Japanese. On board were civilian men, women and children and a group of 65 Australian Army nurses who were forced to abandon their patients in hospital when the order to evacuate had been given. Two days later the ship was bombed by the Japanese and sunk near the shore of Radji Beach on Bangka Island. The nurses who survived became prisoners of the Japanese and were interned for three and a half years until after the conclusion of the war. This thesis argues that the nurses’ professional training, ethos and camaraderie contributed significantly to their endurance in Japanese captivity during the years 1942 to 1945. Using archival research, the nurses’ own memoirs and autobiographies about the event, the thesis examines their ethos, camaraderie and resourcefulness. It highlights the specific tools the Australian women used to survive internment, and the loyalty they had to one another, the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS) and Australia. These bonds of friendship continued after the war had concluded and reinforced the strength of the camaraderie amongst the Australian nurses forged during internment and in response to the deprivations they suffered. Research Questions The research question for this thesis is: To what extent did professional training, ethos and camaraderie contribute to the endurance of Australian nurses in Japanese captivity, 1942-1945? In order to answer this question, a number of other questions were raised and investigated. 1) How was the camaraderie evident within the group? 2) Did the nurses’ pre-war living-in training assist their adaptation to internment? 3) How did the nurses demonstrate resourcefulness and endurance during their internment? 4) Did the nursing ethos and their inclusion as part of the Armed forces assist their discipline during internment? 3 5) Are the stories of the Australian nurses’ prison experiences sanitised, and, if so, how does this distort the history of the experience? Methodology The diaries and other writings of the Vyner Brooke nurses are critiqued from the point of view of feminist autobiographical theory. This theory works to revisit the history of the events through the female perspective. By re-reading the literature already in place and reviewing history from the female viewpoint it therefore focuses on the females’ experiences of the events and history they lived through. The inclusion of a female point of view adds to the historical framework already in place about Australia’s involvement in World War II. Chapter 2 provides examples of how the female perspective applies to the stories of the Vyner Brooke nurses and their prisoner of war experience. The history of the events of the Vyner Brooke nurses are explored through archival research, focusing on primary and secondary resources. These include the nurses’ diaries, and interviews taken after their imprisonment and as older women. Transcripts and newspapers articles which concentrate on the army records of the nurses and their experiences during the war have been accessed from the Australian War Memorial. Other sources include autobiographies and histories written not only about the Vyner Brooke nurses, but also about the history of Australian nursing from the time of Florence Nightingale and Australia’s involvement in World War I and World War II. The literature of captivity The experiences of the Australian Army nurses who served during World War II are described in a number of texts. These include published histories, autobiographies and the nurses’ own private diaries, letters and recollections of the events. A number of books have been written which record the events as they happened and explain the actions and commitment of the nurses to their patients and to each other during their wartime experiences. An aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that the camaraderie of the group and the bonds of friendship strengthened during this experience and assisted the survival of the women imprisoned after the sinking of the Vyner Brooke. The great majority of texts written about World War II prisoners of war encapsulate the stories of the Australian men who were imprisoned and do not 4 often deal with the female members of the Australian Army, who were also taken prisoner by the Japanese. The stories are written from a male standpoint; consequently, they continue to perpetuate the masculinisation of the Australian war experience1. A number of works exemplify this type of literature. Peter Ewer’s The long road to Changi, concentrates on the stories of the men who fought in Singapore before the capitulation to the Japanese and how they specifically endured life as prisoners of war. The book gives an historical understanding of the events surrounding the men of the 8th Division but does not include the story of the nurses’ own evacuation from Singapore and subsequent detention as prisoners of war. The Spirit of the Digger by Patrick Lindsay also focuses mainly on the stories of men, explaining the kindred connection they had towards one another by using direct reference to individual stories. Before the conclusion of the war in 1944 General Gordon Bennett, the Commander of the 8th Division, published his book Why Singapore fell. He is known for deserting his troops for his own safety as Singapore capitulated2. This work offers his own perspective of the events and why the Australians were defeated. He includes fleeting references to the AANS, for example: “The remainder of the Australian nursing sisters and the two matrons have embarked for return to Australia. This is good news, as I am firm in my resolve that our nurses shall not become prisoners of the Japanese”3. He may have been resolved in his own retelling of the events, but it was the delay in making the decision to evacuate the nurses that led to their imprisonment when their ship was sunk. The Literature on Training To focus the thesis on nurses and to provide a context to the way nurses were trained and the expectations placed on them, including the regimentation of their lives through their living-in-training, a brief overview of the history of nursing itself has been included. This explores the changes enacted by Florence Nightingale as evidenced in Helen Rappaport’s No Place For Ladies (2007). Rappaport’s work explores Nightingale’s experience during the Crimean War and how her philosophy of nursing was instituted in the war zone. Prior to Nightingale arriving there had been a large number of casualties due to the 1 Hirst, Sense and Nonsense in Australian History. Rivett, Behind Bamboo. Russell Braddon, The Naked Island. 2 Ewer, The long Road to Changi: Australia’s great military defeat and how it broke the bonds of empire, (Sydney: Harper Collins, 2013), 283 3 Gordon Bennett, Why Singapore Fell, (Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1944), 184 5 unsanitary conditions, rather than from wounds caused by fighting. Nightingale, as Matron, took dictatorial charge over her Sisters, ensuring absolute obedience from them as they changed hospital nursing through enforcing strict cleanliness of the wards and of their patients. This book described the training regimes of the nurses, the expectations placed on them by Nightingale and how this training program changed nursing in Britain and subsequently around the world, after this war. The work highlights the importance of the camaraderie that existed between the women, how their experience of war bonded them further and the resourcefulness they implemented through the long hours and difficult working conditions they endured. Notes on Nightingale: The influence and legacy of a nursing icon” (2010) edited by Siobhan Nelson and Anne Marie Rafferty, also explores
Recommended publications
  • Australian Air Force Officially Formed
    SITREP Air Force Association NSW News and Views 31 Mar 21 - Australian Air Force Officially Formed This material is compiled from sources including the History and Heritage Branch–Air Force, the RAAF Museum, the Australian War Memorial, ADF Serials and Peter Dunn. The History and Heritage Branch–Air Force is not responsible for pre-1921 items. Whilst every effort is made to confirm the accuracy of the entries, any discrepancies are solely the responsibility of the originator. As I am not a member of History and Heritage Branch-Air Force, all Air Force history or heritage queries should be directed, in the first instance, to [email protected] n this day, the Australian Air Corps (AAC) – O a temporary Army unit raised 15 months earlier – was disbanded and replaced by the Australian Air Force (AAF) as a separate service. Although the Australian Flying Corps (AFC) was disbanded after WW I ended in 1918, Australia was committed to retaining a military air service. Britain had gifted 128 surplus aircraft to Australia to establish an air force, and some of these planes - along with training machines already at Point Cook - were operated by an interim army unit, the Australian Air Corps, during 1920-21. The AAF immediately took possession of existing aircraft and equipment at Point Cook, Victoria, but not all the AAC’s personnel were transferred across. At its formation the new Service had 21 officers and 128 other ranks, and even six months later this strength had barely doubled. The 153 aircraft which initially came into the AAF’s possession were mainly war surplus machines received under an ‘Imperial Gift’ arrangement.
    [Show full text]
  • Issue125 – Jan 2016
    CASCABEL Journal of the ROYAL AUSTRALIAN ARTILLERY ASSOCIATION (VICTORIA) INCORPORATED ABN 22 850 898 908 ISSUE 125 Published Quarterly in JANUARY 2016 Victoria Australia Russian 6 inch 35 Calibre naval gun 1877 Refer to the Suomenlinna article on #37 Article Pages Assn Contacts, Conditions & Copyright 3 The President Writes & Membership Report 5 From The Colonel Commandant + a message from the Battery Commander 6 From the Secretary’s Table 7 A message from the Battery Commander 2/10 Light Battery RAA 8 Letters to the Editor 11 Tradition Continues– St Barbara’s Day Parade 2015 (Cont. on page 51) 13 My trip to the Western Front. 14 Saint Barbara’s Day greeting 15 RAA Luncheon 17 Broome’s One Day War 18 First to fly new flag 24 Inspiring leadership 25 Victoria Cross awarded to Lance Corporal for Afghanistan rescue 26 CANADIAN tribute to the results of PTSD. + Monopoly 27 Skunk: A Weapon From Israel + Army Remembrance Pin 28 African pouched rats 29 Collections of engraved Zippo lighters 30 Flying sisters take flight 31 A variety of links for your enjoyment 32 New grenade launcher approved + VALE Luke Worsley 33 Defence of Darwin Experience won a 2014 Travellers' Choice Award: 35 Two Hundred and Fifty Years of H M S Victory 36 Suomenlinna Island Fortress 37 National Gunner Dinner on the 27th May 2017. 38 WHEN is a veteran not a war veteran? 39 Report: British Sniper Saves Boy, Father 40 14th Annual Vivian Bullwinkel Oration 41 Some other military reflections 42 Aussies under fire "like rain on water" in Afghan ambush 45 It’s something most of us never hear / think much about..
    [Show full text]
  • The Day That the Raids Came ... Darwin Remembers RSL CARE SA
    VOLUME 86 | APRIL 2017 R E T E U U R G N A E E D L & SERVICES A F F I LI AT E RSL SOUTH AUSTRALIA | NORTHERN TERRITORY | BROKEN HILL The day that the raids came ... Darwin remembers RSL CARE SA RSL Care SA, providing a range of care and support services for the ex-service and veteran community. RSL Care SA has extensive experience and understanding of DVA and the implications of DVA entitlements entering residential aged care. For many people, considering nursing home aged care can be a stressful time. Our friendly admissions team is available to help guide you through the process and answer questions you may have. The Australian Government has strong protections in place to ensure that care is affordable for everyone and also subsidises a range of aged care services in Australia. Our nursing homes or residential aged care facilities offer short-term respite care or permanent care options. RSL Care SA has care facilities in Myrtle Bank and Angle Park. The War Veterans’ Home (WVH) is located in Myrtle Bank only 4kms from the CBD and is home to 95 residents. RSL Villas are situated next to Remembrance Park in Angle Park, 9kms north-west of the city. If you would like more information regarding residential aged care, the implications of DVA payments in aged care or to be considered for a place in one of our facilities, please call our admissions team on 08 8379 2600. For more information visit our website www.rslcaresa.com.au or www.myagedcare.gov.au War Veterans’ Home RSL Villas 55 Ferguson Avenue, Myrtle Bank SA 5064 18 Trafford Street,
    [Show full text]
  • Trent Burnard Trent Burnard Lieutenant Colonel Commanding Officer 10Th/27Th Battalion, the Royal South Australia Regiment
    Official Newsletter of the Royal South Australia Regiment Association Inc Editor - David Laing 0407 791 822 MARCH 2017 Inside this issue: Association BBQ Support for the Battalion Darwin - 75 Years Ago 2 About 4 weeks ago Rodney Beames received a mid week telephone call from the CO of 10/27 Bn RSAR requesting catering support for a Battalion Leadership Week- LETTERS 3 end at Keswick Barracks. “No problem!” said Beamsey, “When is it?” he asked, an- ticipating about a 10 day lead. “This weekend!” said the CO! CPL Davo’s page 4 How could Rod say anything but “How many are we feeding and what times are they dining?” How To Contact Us 5 Once that was worked out, Rod got on the phone to some members and got a reli- able, well oiled (in more ways than one) crew together, to provide sustenance for up The Radji Beach 6/7 Massacre 1942 to 30 Officers and Other Ranks attending the Leadership Exercise. The RSARA crew were present on both days to ensure the soldiers were well fed, ANZAC Day plan 8 and the fact that there was very little wastage showed how much the Diggers en- joyed the food. (See letter below.) One of our own from 9 the 10th Bn AIF Rod wishes to thank Nat Cooke, Mick Standing, Russ Durdin and Norm Rathmann, and of course Mrs Cheryl Beames who all made the support successful. Again! Members List 10 Purple & Blue Brothers 11 12 Letter of Appreciation Mr Rod Beames President Royal South Australia Regiment Association Inc Dear Rod LETTER OF APPRECIATION - SUPPORT TO 10/27 BN RSAR LEADERSHIP WEEKEND I would like to express my warmest thanks to you and your team for the support you provided to the Battalion Command Team with the provision of the lunchtime BBQ’s on our recent training weekend.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of 13
    THE STORY OF 13th AUSTRALIAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 8th DIVISION 2nd A. I. F. 1941 – 1945 This un-official history of the 13 Australian General Hospital during WW2 was written by A.C. (Lex) Arthurson VX61276 who was a Corporal in the unit. It was prompted by former POW nurse Vivian Bullwinkel asking if the history had ever been written. Lex undertook to do it. With the assistance of others, it was completed over two years. The original document was enhanced by many newspaper cutting, pictures and sketches. It was not possible to reproduce these. Some alternative images have been inserted. (Most of the sketches inserted into the story were done by Corporal Dick Cochran 2/12 Field Company (Engineers) and provided to me by Ken Gray former National President ex POWs Association). I am grateful to Lex for permission to reproduce this history. It is pleasing to note the extensive (and rightful) coverage given to the Nurses in this history. Lt Col (Ret’d)Peter Winstanley OAM RFD (JP) May 2009 LIVES OF GREAT MEN ALL REMIND US WE CAN LIVE A LIFE SUBLIME AND, DEPARTING, LEAVE BEHIND US FOOTPRINTS IN THE SANDS OF TIME. QUATRAIN OF LONGFELLOW FROM “The Psalm of Life” Acknowledgements: Official Army Records Newspapers of 1945 - Melbourne Herald 1945 - Melbourne Age 1942 - Singapore Straits Times Special thanks to Mrs. Maureen Chandler for the loan of her father’s unique records of the 13th A.G.H. from 1941 – 1945. (Staff/Sgt. Pearce Wells was privy to all hospital records.) _________________________ Mrs Connie Cooper who loaned the diary of her husband, Staff/Sgt.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrets & Spies Research Dossier
    SECRETS & SPIES RESEARCH DOSSIER By ERSKINE PARK HIGH SCHOOL AUSTRALIA Andre Bernardino, Marc Graham, Umair Khan, Isaac Lim, Baylie Luke, Zack Lynch, Govind Mallath, Tyrone Myburgh-Sisam, Benjamin Tatlock, Lance Woodgate How Prisoners of War used secrecy to gain intelligence about the war, to communicate with the outside world and other camps, and to boost morale Introduction This report covers the ways Prisoners of War (POWs) used secrecy to gain intelligence about the war, to communicate with the outside world and to boost morale. The main focus point will be on Changi POW camp and the Thai Burma Railway, as this is the majority of experiences of ANZAC POWs in the Pacific. Changi was a harsh POW camp that held over 13,000 Australian POWs, and the majority of those were not treated well. The camp was unsanitary, there was a lack of food, a lack of doctors, and a severely large amount of death. They needed a way to send messages in an out of the camp so they could learn the news, but the camp did not allow conventional ways of communication to and from the camp. Therefore, they used strange ways to send secret messages from the camp. Our group, during this endeavor, also interviewed World War Two veteran David Trist. This interview gave us an insight in capturing Japanese POWs and how they were treated. He told us a story about himself, a guard, sharing a cigarette with a Japanese soldier, which we found really enlightening. 1 Impacts and experiences on Australian P.O.W Soldiers Over 22,000 Australian servicemen and almost forty nurses were captured by the Japanese.
    [Show full text]
  • Sisters Behind the Wire: Reappraising Australian Military Nursing and Internment in the Pacific During World War II
    Medical History, 2011, 55: 419–424 Sisters Behind the Wire: Reappraising Australian Military Nursing and Internment in the Pacific during World War II ANGHARAD FLETCHER* Keywords: Australian Military Nursing; Second World War; Internment; Pacific During the Second World War, approximately 3,500 Australian military nurses served in combat regions throughout the world. The vast majority were enlisted in the Austra- lian Army Nursing Service (AANS), but after the Japanese advance and the fall of Hong Kong (December 1941) and Singapore (February 1942), a significant number of these nurses spent three-and-a-half years as POWs in Indonesia, Hong Kong, Japan and the Philippines.1 To date, considerable research has been undertaken on POW experiences in Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand and Japan, albeit primarily focused on the testimonies of men and civilian women.2 This body of research utilises various methodologies, from Yuki Tanaka and Kei Ushimura’s efforts to reconcile Japanese war crimes with the corruption of the Bushido ethic and sexual violence in contempor- ary Japanese society, to Christina Twomey’s work on the imprisonment and repatria- tion of Dutch, Dutch–Eurasian and Australian civilian women and children. In the past fifteen years, historians have become aware of the need to recognise the multipli- city of these experiences, rather than continuing to focus on individual community, camp or regional case studies.3 Nurses are by no means absent from the discussion, although the majority of notable works on this subject focus on Hong Kong or the Ó Angharad Fletcher, 2011. written by interned nurses include Betty Jeffrey, White Coolies (London: Angus and Robertson, 1954) * Angharad Fletcher, MPhil student, Department of and Jessie Elizabeth Simons, While History Passed History, MB160, Main Building, University of (London: William Heinemann, 1954).
    [Show full text]
  • Bangka Strait Memorial Service
    Bangka Day Memorial Service 2015 Sunday 15 February 2015 Sue Newton, Jenny Hughes, Evonne Tylor and I attended the Memorial Service held at the South Australian Women’s Memorial Playing Fields, St Marys, in honour Army Nursing sisters massacred at Bangka Island on 16 February 1942. Bangka Strait Memorial Service On February 16th, 1942, 22 Australian Army Nurses were machine gunned by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army on Bangka Island's Radji Beach in the Dutch East Indies (now known as Indonesia). All but one nurse were killed in the massacre. Five years later, the lone survivor, Vivian Bullwinkel, gave evidence at a war crimes trial in Tokyo, having survived the war. Thirteen years after the massacre, the first Bangka Strait Memorial Service was held at the South Australian Women's Playing Fields and has been held annually on the Sunday closest to 16th February. The memorial service has expanded its scope of commemoration to Australian women who served their country overseas in the armed forces. It was to be a very hot day; luckily there was plenty of cover, with chairs to sit on and the committee providing all those present with cold drinking water throughout the service. This was my first experience and representing the members of the Region of South Australia was a privilege. The service was very moving and there were many organisations that paid their respects with the laying of wreaths, donations of books and money in front of the memorial plaque. The address was by author Ian W. Shaw who wrote the book ‘On Radji Beach’ and spoke of his research in the country regions of South Australia and the many untold stories of those who served in our Australian Forces.
    [Show full text]
  • WINTER 2017 in THIS ISSUE Message From
    PRESBYTERIAN LADIES’ COLLEGE: A COLLEGE OF THE UNITING CHURCH OF AUSTRALIA WINTER 2017 IN THIS ISSUE Message from 3 Message from the Principal the Principal 4 Shining light 6 Year 1s community Weekends and holidays are often wonderful problem solving 7 Actions speak louder opportunities for ‘sleep-overs’ to occur, where than words friends come together and the energy in the house 8 da Vinci Decathlon is instantly transformed. 10 Iconic PLC painting to stay at school This is an analogy I often use when community. She brings to PLC a wealth Our boarding students completed 12 11 Farm2Fork asked about life at PLC. The energy of knowledge and experience along their annual Quay2Quay walk, an 12 PLC rowing shed shines our wonderful students bring to our with a warm and infectious smile. initiative of our Head of Boarding, campus every day is truly uplifting. Liz Langdon and her staff. This walk through again in 2017 Demonstrating that community service A day in the life of PLC is exhilarating, is completed in stages with each year 14 Sports news starts early at PLC, the Junior School’s filled with learning, music, dance, level completing a different section Pyjama Day in Term 2 raised $1,214 to 15 Blackwatch goes digital drama, sport, service and many other of the walk. The total length walked is support the Perth Children’s Hospital. 16 Arts day happenings. How our girls manage to around 53km, which takes 17 hours and 18 Music under the stars accomplish all they do in a single day On the sporting field, PLC continues includes catching the ferry, train, bus 20 Dance showcase astounds me.
    [Show full text]
  • Training, Ethos, Camaraderie and Endurance of World War Two Australian POW Nurses
    Training, ethos, camaraderie and endurance of World War Two Australian POW nurses By Sarah Fulford 1 Contents Page Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................... 3 Chapter 2: Historical framework ....................................................................... 13 Chapter 3: The Historical Context of Australian Nursing .................................. 32 Chapter 4: The Nurses at War – World War Two ............................................. 43 Chapter 5: Ethos ............................................................................................... 61 Chapter 6: Camaraderie .................................................................................... 83 Chapter 7: Resourcefulness ............................................................................ 113 Chapter 8: Conclusion ..................................................................................... 141 Appendices: Appendix 1: AANS Pledge of Service .............................................................. 144 Appendix 2: Images of the Nurses in Malaya ................................................. 145 Appendix 3: Vyner Brooke Nurses .................................................................. 153 Appendix 4: Image of the Vyner Brooke and maps showing the movement of nurses during internment ............................................................................... 155 Appendix 5: Drawings by POWS during internment ....................................... 158 Appendix
    [Show full text]
  • Sister Betty Jeffrey
    Sister Betty Jeffrey We are praying for our freedom. If this doesn’t happen soon we shall be a mess for the rest of our lives. Betty Jeffrey, White coolies: a graphic record of survival in World War Two, Angus and Robertson, North Ryde, NSW, 1997, p. 148. Captain Vivian Bullwinkel (left) and Lieutenant Betty Jeffrey at a dedication ceremony to the fallen of the Second World War, 1950. AWM P04585.001 Agnes Betty Jeffrey Agnes Betty Jeffrey was born in Hobart on 14 May 1908, the second youngest child of six. As a child, Betty and her family moved often because of her father’s job. An accountant at the General Post Office, he was often transferred interstate. Agnes came to dislike her first name, preferring to be called Betty. After many years of travelling, the family finally settled in East Malvern, Victoria, the town Jeffrey would call home for the rest of her life. As part of a large family, she was surrounded by the singing and laughter of her siblings. She quickly learnt how to make clothing and food spread a little further, and knew what it This document is available on the Australian War Memorial’s website at http://www.awm.gov.au/education/resources/nurses You may download, display, print and reproduce this worksheet only for your personal, educational, non-commercial use or for use within your organisation, provided that you attribute the Australian War Memorial. meant to “do your bit”. She didn’t realise that the basic life skills she had learned as a child would one day help to save her life.
    [Show full text]
  • Gala Dinner Honours Great Australian from the Head of School
    Nursing and Midwifery News Issue 11, October 2006 Gala dinner honours great Australian More than 400 people enjoyed an evening of entertainment, fine food and wine at a gala dinner to honour Australian World War II heroine Vivian Bullwinkel and to raise funds for the Vivian Bullwinkel Memorial Fund. The memorial fund supports the work being undertaken by the Vivian Bullwinkel Chair in Palliative Care Nursing, which was established in 2003 by the School of Nursing and Midwifery at the Peninsula campus to lead research, teaching and support in the field of palliative care. Former Chief of Defence, General Peter Cosgrove AC MC, Professor O’Connor, Governor of Victoria Professor David Vivian Bullwinkel survived three years De Kretser AO, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences’ Deputy Dean, Professor Leon Piterman, Ms Ita Buttrose AM and Vivian’s nephew Mr John Bullwinkel at the gala event. of captivity under the Japanese Imperial Forces during World War II. Following the war she continued to dedicate her life to the comfort of the sick and dying through her profession of nursing. From the Head of School The current Chair in Nursing, Palliative Care Despite the hectic pace of 2006 we are finding it difficult to afford postgraduate is held by Professor Margaret O’Connor all looking forward to next year, with the study. who has made an impressive 20 year introduction of two new awards at our Researchers within the School have contribution to the field to date and leads an Peninsula campus. The double degree been fortunate to attract a number of accomplished team of researchers.
    [Show full text]