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Planning Needs Assessment and Policy Development

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Planning Needs Assessment and Policy Development REGIONAL MARINE PLANNING APPROACH - A PREPARATORY STEP TOWARDS INTEGRATED MARINE POLICY DEVELOPMENT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA ROBERT SINE United Nations –Nippon Foundation Fellowship Programme 2010 -2011 DIVISION FOR OCEAN AFFAIRS AND LAW OF THE SEA OFFICE OF LEGAL AFFAIRS, THE UNITED NATIONS, NEW YORK 2010 DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this paper are those of the author except where referenced and acknowledged. The paper does not hold the official views either of the United Nations, The Nippon Foundation of Japan, Gerard J. Mangone Center for Marine Policy, University of Delaware and the Government of Papua New Guinea. The author is responsible for the flaws and views expressed in this paper. ©2010 Robert De Sine. All rights reserved. [i] THESIS SUPERVISORS (1) Prof. Billiana Cicin-Sain, Director, Center for Marine Policy, University of Delaware, USA. (2) Dr. Francois N.Bailet, Division for Oceans Affairs and Law of the Sea, Office of Legal Affairs, The United Nations, New York, USA. [ii] ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the UN-Nippon Fellowship Programme for giving me this opportunity to not only learn about global and regional responsibilities to ocean governance but also realize what is expected at the national level. In particular I would like to thank the Programme Coordinator Dr. Francois Bailet and staff of DOALOS for guiding me through the program. At times when I encountered some difficulties Dr. Bailet was helpful in easing out the situation, which enabled me to complete the program. At the Center for Marine Policy, University of Delaware, I would like to thank my Programme Advisor, Prof. Billian Cicin-Sain for direction and critical advice on issues regarding national ocean policies and providing me with enormous amount of literate on the subject. I also like to thank Dr. Miriam Balgos, Associate Scientist who has been very kind and supportive to me during my 6 month stint there. In PNG I would like to acknowledge and thank the Department of Environment & Conservation (DEC) Secretary, Dr. Wari Iamo for nominating me for the UN-Nippon Fellowship Programme. DEC staff who helped me with much needed information and kept me updated on events back home deserve special mention; Benside Thomas, Gabriel Luluaki, Michael K. Bongro, Richard Balone, Bobby Peruka, Vagi Rei, Job Opu, Herbert Nero, and Juda Nundima. Finally, I thank the good lord above for keeping me safe as always and watching over my family during my absence. [iii] ABSTRACT In light of the developmental challenges facing Papua New Guinea’s vast marine environment at the domestic level and its struggle to maintain global and regional obligations arise the need for an inter- linkage approach to sustainable development in the marine environment. At the global perspective UNCLOS provides the legal framework while UNCED provides the human and development dimensions to the overall policy framework. The way forward is the effective implementation of an Integrated National Marine program which hinges on how well PNG can translate formal commitments made at the global and regional level into a detailed national framework of practical implementation actions and measures at the local level. The Integrated National Marine Program should encompass major players at the national level dealing with marine environment and maritime resources, both living and non-living. Also capacity building and funding support for provincial and local level governments in Maritime Provinces to take ownership of the implementation process is a crucial factor for the integrated marine program. Also, the contribution and participation of non-government organizations, industry and local community is recognized as a key factor to the integrated policy. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current implementation programs in place at the National level and links these actions to regional and global strategies and actions; and further tries to identify major constrains to the integrated approach with recommendation for appropriate actions. [iv] TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents…………………………………….…………………….………………..……........page(s) Disclaimer……………………………………………………………….……………………………i Acknowledgements..…………………………………………….…………………………….……..ii Abstract………………………………………………………….………………………………......iii Table of Contents…………………………………………………….……………………............iv-x List of Abbreviations and Acronyms used………………………….………………………....xi-xiv List of Figures and Tables….…………………..……………….…………………………….xiv-xv INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….………….……………….1-3 PART ONE: CURRENT DEVELOPMENT CONTEXT IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA A. National Setting……………………………………………………………………..………..…...4 1.0 Geography………………………………………………………………………………................4 2.0 Historical Background………………………………………………………………………….....5 3.0 Demography…………………………………………………………………………………….....5 4.0 Climate…………………………………………………………………………………………….5 5.0 Natural Hazards………………………………………………………………….……..................6 6.0 Government and Administration…………………………………………………….……….....6-7 7.0 Economic Profile……………………………………………………………………….……….7-8 8.0 Social Issues…………………………………………………………………………………….....8 9.0 Importance of Marine Biodiversity and Maritime Resources……………………………….…….8 9.1 Fisheries…………………………………………………………………………………...8 9.2 Marine Tourism…………………………………………………………………………...9 9.3 Maritime Transport………………………………………………………………………..9 9.4 Non-living Resources……………………………………………………………………...9 9.5 Marine Bio-prospecting…………………………………………………………………...9 9.6 Clean Energy……………………………………………………………………………..10 B. Overarching National Sustainable Development Strategies…..……………………………...10 1.0 National Development Goals……………………………………………….…………….......11-12 2.0 National Sustainable Development Strategy (NSDS)………………………………………..12-13 3.0 Medium Term Development Strategy (2005-2010)…………………………………….........13-14 4.0 National Strategic Plan (NSP) – PNG Vision 2050………………………………………….14-15 5.0 Enabling Environment for Implementation of National Development Strategies…………...14-15 [v] C. Overview of Key Economic Sectors Policies and Implementation Programs…………........15 1.0 Agriculture………………………………………………………..…………………………..16-18 2.0 Fisheries…………………………………………………………..…………………………..18-20 3.0 Forestry………………………………………………………………………………….........20-22 4.0 Tourism………………………………………………………………………………….........22-23 5.0 Oil and Gas…………………………………………………………………………………...23-24 6.0 Mining………………………………………………………………………………………..25-26 7.0 Manufacturing………………………………………………………………………………..26-27 8.0 Environmentally Sustainability……………………………………………………………....27-28 D. Overview of Implementation Programs Under the Expenditure Priority Areas....................29 1.0 Primary and Preventative Health Care…………………………………………………….....29-30 2.0 HIV/AIDS Prevention……………………………………………………………………..…30-31 3.0 Basic Education……………………………………………………………………………....31-32 4.0 Development Oriented Adult Education………………………………………………….….32-33 5.0 Transport Rehabilitation and Maintenance…………………………………………………...33-34 6.0 Promotion of Income Earning Opportunities………………………………………………...35-36 7.0 Law and Justice……………………………………………………………………………....36-37 E. Conclusions………………………………………………………………………………..….37-38 PART TWO: CURRENT STATUS OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN PNG 1.0 Overview of Coastal Marine Environments in PNG……..…………………..….……….39-41 2.0 Distribution of Major Coastal and Marine Habitats…………………………….……….41-42 2.1 Coral Reefs……………………………………………………………………………………….42 2.2 Mangroves………………………………………………………………………………………..43 2.3 Seagrass Beds………………………………………………………………………………...43-44 2.4 Barrier Beaches/Lagoons……………………………………………………………………..44-45 2.5 Deltaic Floodplains…………………………………………………………………….…….…..45 2.6 Rocky Shorelines………………………………………………………………………………...45 2.7 Sea Mounts……………………………………………………………………………………….45 2.8 Sea Walls………………………………………………………………………………………...46 2.9 Hydrothermal Vent……………………………………………………………………….……...46 2.10 Low and Raised Coral Islands………………………………………………………………46-47 3.0 Distribution and Status of Species Important to Conservation………………………….......47 3.1 Sea Turtles…………………………………………………………………………………....47-48 3.2 Estuarine and Coastal Swamp Turtles…………………………………………………………...49 3.3 Dugongs……………………………………………………………………………………........49 [vi] 3.4 Cetaceans…………………………………………………………………………………….49-50 3.5 Coral Reef Fishes………………………………………………………………………………..50 3.6 Hard Corals……………………………………………………………………………….……...51 3.7 Giant Clams………………………………………………………………………………….…..51 4.0 Distribution and Abundance of Commercially Important Marine Resources……………..51 4.1 Tuna Fishery………………………………………………………………………………..........51 4.2 Prawn and Lobster Fishery………………………………………………………….……….…..52 4.3 Live Reef Food Fish Trade (LRFFT)…………………………………………………….…..52-53 4.4 Subsistence and Small Scale Commercial Fisheries………………………………………..........53 4.5 Crocodile Skin…………………………………………………………………………………...54 4.6 Shark Fishery………………………………………………………………………………….....54 4.7 Barramundi……………………………………………………………………………..…….54-55 4.8 Beche-de-mer (Sea Cucumber)……………………………………………………………..........55 4.9 Trochus………………………………………………………………………………………..…56 4.10 Crab Fishery………………………………………………………………………………….....56 4.11 Other Fisheries……………………………………………………………………………….....56 4.12 Aquaculture Species………………………………………………………………………...56-57 5.0 Marine Priority Areas and Critical Watersheds in PNG………………………………….…57 5.1 Bismarck Sea………………………………………………………………………………....57-59 5.2 Solomon Sea……………………………………………………………………………..............59 5.3 Coral Sea…………………………………………………………………………………………60 5.4 Critical Watersheds…………………………………………………………………………........61 6.0 Globally and Regionally Important Ecosystems in PNG.........................................................61
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