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Release and Distress Calls of Rhinella Abei (Baldissera, Caramaschi & HADDAD, 2004)

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Release and Distress Calls of Rhinella Abei (Baldissera, Caramaschi & HADDAD, 2004) ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Herpetozoa Jahr/Year: 2017 Band/Volume: 30_1_2 Autor(en)/Author(s): Batista Vinicius G., Oda Fabricio H., Amaral Diogo F. do, Costa Nathane de Q., Macel Natan M., Bastos Rogerio P. Artikel/Article: Release and distress calls of Rhinella abei (BALDISSERA, CARAMASCHI & HADDAD, 2004), and Rhinella icteria (SPIX, 1824) 100-105 All_Short_Notes_(Seiten 59-112):SHORT_NOTE.qxd 07.08.2017 19:51 Seite 42 100 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 30 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juli 2017 SHORT NOTE GRilliTScH , H. & F ARkAS , B. & G ál , J. & S ušić , G . NATAlE et al. 2011 ; TO lEDO et al. 2014). (2006): Herpetofaunal data from cres island, croatia.- loud and explosive notes characterize the Herpetozoa, Wien; 19 (1/2): 27-58. TRAPP , B. (2007): Amphibien und Reptilien des griechischen Festlandes; distress call, which distinguishes it from Münster (Natur und Tier - Verlag), pp. 279. VEiTH , G . other vocalizations ( DuEllMAN & T RuEB (1991): Die Reptilien Bosniens und der Herzegowina, 1994 ). Distress calls can be emitted with Teil ii.- Herpetozoa, Wien; 4 (1/2): 1-96. WiRTH , M. mouth open or closed ( TOlEDO & HADDAD (2009): königinnen der europäischen Schlangen: Vierstreifennatter ( Elaphe quatuorlineata ), Äskulap - 2009). calls are stereotyped and also help natter ( Zamenis longissimus ) und leopardnatter ( Za - to identify differences among species menis situla ).- Draco, Münster; 10 (3): 61-74. ŽAGAR , (cARVAlHO et al. 2013). in the present note, A. & c AFuTA , V. & D RAšlER , k. & J AGAR , T. & k RO- the authors describe the release and distress FEl , M. & l uŽNik , M. & O STANEk , E. & P ETkOVSkA , V. & P lANiNc , G. & S OPOTNik , M. & V AMBERGER , M. calls of Rhinella abei (BAlDiSSERA , c ARA- (2013): A review of eleven short-term reptile surveys in MAScHi &HADDAD , 2004 ) (of the Rhinella the Western Balkans.- Hyla herpetološki bilten, crucifer group) and Rhinella icterica (SPix , Zagreb; 2013 (1): 3-18. 1824 ) (of the Rhinella marina group). kEY WORDS: Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes: Five male individuals of R. abei and colubridae: Elaphe quatuorlineata , Dugi Otok, three of R. icterica were spotted on Sep - croatia, Dalmatia, Balkan Peninsula, Adriatic island, new island record, melanism tember 9, 2014, and September 23, 2015. Specimens were found calling from the edge SuBMiTTED: August 10, 2016 of water bodies, near an Araucaria Forest AuTHOR: Robert MADl < r.madl.agar@gmx. remnant in the Atlantic Rain Forest domain de >, Roßdorfer Straße 28, D-60385 Frankfurt a. M., Germany. in the municipality of campo largo (25°30’ 26.90” S, 49°22’35.88” W, 905 m above sea level), Paraná state, southern Brazil. The frogs were caught, positioned sitting on the Release and distress calls of ground, and squeezed in the lateral abdomi - Rhinella abei (BAlDiSSERA , nal region behind the forelimbs, simulating an amplexus. This procedure caused the cARAMAScHi & H ADDAD , 2004), and males to emit release calls. When the males Rhinella icterica (SPix , 1824) were squeezed the same way lifted off the ground, they emitted distress calls. Record - Vocalization is the main form of com - ings were obtained using Marantz ® PMD munication in anurans. These animals pro - 660 and Tascam ® Dr-40 digital recorders duce many different types of sounds which connected to a Sennheiser ® ME66/k6 di - have specific meanings in the social context rectional microphone. calls were recorded they are used in ( WEllS et al. 2007; TOlEDO at 44.1 kHz with 16-bit resolution. Bio - et al. 2014). The advertisement call is the acoustic traits were analyzed using Raven best known and thus, most frequently Pro 64 1.5 software from the cornell lab of described and used call type in taxonomic Ornithology ( BiOAcOuSTicS RESEARcH PRO- studies ( WEllS et al. 2007; GAMBAlE & GRAM 2014). Spectrograms were produced BASTOS 2014; BATiSTA et al. 2015). How - applying a window size of 256 samples, 75 ever, other calls, such as release calls, play % overlap, a hop size of 64 samples, DFT of important roles in anuran biology. Release 1024 samples, and Hamming window type. calls are emitted by males or females when Oscillogram and spectrogram figures were another frog, either conspecific or not, produced using TuneR 1.0 ( liGGES et al. attempts to mate with them ( WEllS et al. 2013) and Seewave 1.7.3 ( SuEuR et al. 2008) 2007; TOlEDO et al. 2014). like advertise - packages for R version 3.3.3 ( R D EVElOP- ment calls, release calls may vary between MENT cORE TEAM 2016). Voucher speci - species and help distinguish between close - mens are housed at the zoological collection ly related taxa ( BROWN & l iTTlEJOHN 1972; of universidade Federal de Goiás (ZuFG), GRENAT & M ARTiNO 2013 ). Distress call is Goiás state and the herpetological collection a defensive scream call emitted by males, of Museu Nacional, universidade Federal females, juveniles, newly metamorphosed do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), Rio de Janeiro as well as larvae of anurans when grasped state, Brazil ( R. abei : ZuFG 9884; ZuFG by potential predators ( WEllS 2007; 9885; R. icterica : MNRJ 89526; MNRJ All_Short_Notes_(Seiten 59-112):SHORT_NOTE.qxd 07.08.2017 19:51 Seite 43 SHORT NOTE HERPETOZOA 30 (1/2) Wien, 30. Juli 2017 SHORT NOTE 101 89527). The following acoustic parameters consists of a series of pulsed notes (Table 1; were analyzed: call duration, note duration, Fig. 2B). While emitting release calls the note number, internote interval, pulse num - males of R. icterica made small body vibra - ber, pulse duration, inter-pulse interval, tions. The distress call of R. icterica was dominant frequency of the call, and lower emitted by three males and consisted of a and upper frequency of the call (see BATiSTA single note with a harmonic structure (Table et al. 2015; FORTi et al. 2015). Parameters 1; Fig. 2c). were measured from 87 calls of R. abei and Rhinella abei showed a greater release 68 calls of R. icterica . Measurements are call repertoire than R. icterica . Such reper - presented as the mean (or mode) ± standard toire was composed of single and compound deviation (minimum – maximum). call de - calls. There are no release and distress call scription and terminology follow TOlEDO et descriptions for any other species in the al. (2014). Voucher individuals were meas - Rhinella crucifer group. in the Rhinella ured (snout-vent length) using a digital marina group, the release call is only known caliper (to the nearest 0.1 mm) and the tem - for Rhinella jimi (S TEVAux , 2002) (GARDA perature was taken using a digital thermo - et al. 2010). The release call repertoire of R. hygrometer (to the nearest 0.01 °c). icterica is more extensive than R. jimi and Average snout-vent length (SVl) of R. the pulse number of the notes is higher. abei males recorded was 60.01 ± 2.64 mm However, the dominant frequency is similar (57–64.02 mm; N = 5) and mean air tem - and overlaps in both species. A male of R. perature was 16.7 ± 0.82 °c (15.0 – 17.6 °c, abei and six males of R. icterica were eval - N = 5). Three types of release call and one uated by TOlEDO et al. (2009). However, of distress call were identified. Release call they did not emit distress calls. in the pres - “A” was emitted by five males of R. abei ent work all males that were handled emit - and consists of a single pulsed note (Table ted release and/or distress calls. All individ - 1; Fig. 1A). Release call “B” was emitted uals tested responded to the handling with a by three males and consists of a series of series of vibrations, similar with the muscu - pulsed notes (Table 1; Fig. 1B). in the lar contractions produced by R. mirandari - release call “B” the first (0.366 ± 0.158 s, beiroi (G AllARDO , 1965) (ViEiRA et al. 2014). 0.077–0.531 s, N = 10) and last (0.355 ± Vibrations displayed by some anuran spe - 0.093 s, 0.077–0.208 s, N = 6) notes of the cies may be important to initiate dismount - call have longer duration in relation to the ing of males ( WEllS 2007). Such behavior is middle notes (0.058 ± 0.039 s, 0.031–0.187 com monly found among Rhinella species s, N = 15), which comprise the notes be - (BlAiR 1947; R ENGEl 1948; V iEiRA et al. tween the first and last notes of the call. 2014). The release and distress calls record - Release call “c” was emitted by one male ed by R. abei and R. icterica were emitted and has a harmonic structure. This call pre - with mouths closed as noted in other bufo - sented three well-defined harmonics (Table nids ( WEBER 1978). 1; Fig. 1c). When emitting release calls, all Some of the functions of release calls males of R. abei made small body vibra - are to avoid breeding energy expenditure tions. Distress calls were emitted by four with a misleading amplexus, to warn con - males of R. abei as a loud scream of short specifics of predator presence and/or to duration and harmonic structure (Table 1; frighten (or surprise) auditively oriented Fig. 1D). predators, or even to attract a secondary Rhinella icterica specimens recorded predator capable of interfering in the preda - had an average SVl of 96.73±24.81 mm tory process ( HöDl & G OllMANN 1986; (68.09–111.50 mm, N = 3) and mean air TOlEDO et al. 2014). However, a case of temperature was 18.01±0.70 °c (17.20– amplexus between a male of R. icterica and 18.41 °c, N = 3). The authors identified two a male of the invasive bullfrog Lithobates types of release call and one of distress call.
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