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IMPROVER Final Report: Subproject 1 TREN-04-ST-S07.37022

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IMPROVER Final Report: Subproject 1 TREN-04-ST-S07.37022 IMPROVER Final Report: Subproject 1 TREN-04-ST-S07.37022 IMPROVER Impact Assessment of Road Safety Measures for Vehicles and Road Equipment Final Report Subproject 1 Impact on road safety due to the increasing of sports utility and multipurpose vehicles TNO, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Netherlands BASt Federal Highway Research Institute, Germany TRL Transport Research Laboratory Limited, United Kingdom VTI National Road and Transport Research Institute, Sweden Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg, Sweden UTAC, L'Union Technique de l'Automobile, du Motocycle et du Cycle, France April 2006 1 IMPROVER Final Report: Subproject 1 TREN-04-ST-S07.37022 with the following partners: • TNO, The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Netherlands (Authors: C. van der Zweep) • BASt Federal Highway Research Institute, Germany (Authors: C. Pastor, B. Bugsel and J. Gail) • Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden (Author: R. Thomson) • TRL Transport Research Laboratory Limited, United Kingdom (Authors: T. Brightman and T. Horberry) • UTAC, L'Union Technique de l'Automobile, du Motocycle et du Cycle, France (Authors : T. Martin) • VTI National Road and Transport Research Institute, Sweden (Authors: T. Turbell) 2 IMPROVER Final Report: Subproject 1 TREN-04-ST-S07.37022 1 Contents 1 Contents .....................................................................................................................3 2 Executive Summary ...................................................................................................4 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................6 3.1 Background of the problem ...........................................................................6 3.2 Objectives .....................................................................................................6 3.2.1 Definition of SUVs .....................................................................................7 3.2.2 Data collection...........................................................................................7 3.2.3 Structural analysis .....................................................................................8 3.2.4 Environmental issues ................................................................................8 4 Method and Results .................................................................................................10 4.1 Definition of SUV.........................................................................................10 4.1.1 Unified SUV and MPV definition..............................................................10 4.2 Data collection ............................................................................................12 4.2.1 Sales figures............................................................................................12 4.2.2 National accident statistics ......................................................................12 4.3 In-depth accident analysis...........................................................................15 4.4 Structural analysis.......................................................................................17 4.4.1 Measurement of structural parameters....................................................17 4.4.2 Fleet safety analysis based on global vehicle properties.........................20 4.4.3 Geometrical approach fleet systems analysis .........................................24 4.4.4 SUVs and the Standards EN1317 and EN12767 ....................................28 4.5 Environmental issues..................................................................................31 5 Outcomes of the project..........................................................................................34 5.1 Safety..........................................................................................................34 5.1.1 SUV and MPV definition ..........................................................................34 5.1.2 Sales numbers.........................................................................................34 5.1.3 Safety issues reported world wide...........................................................34 5.1.4 National statistics.....................................................................................35 5.1.5 In-depth analysis .....................................................................................35 5.1.6 Structural analysis ...................................................................................36 5.2 Environment................................................................................................37 6 Conclusions..............................................................................................................39 7 Recommendations and EC actions ........................................................................40 8 References................................................................................................................42 3 IMPROVER Final Report: Subproject 1 TREN-04-ST-S07.37022 2 Executive Summary Automobile manufacturers are offering a wider range of vehicle models in terms of body configurations. As one part of this, the growing number of Multi-Purpose Vehicles (MPV) and Sport Utility Vehicles (SUV) will lead to modifications of the European vehicle fleet. Accompanying this, the safety and environmental performance of these vehicles will not be in line with modern European passenger cars. The objective of this study was to gain insight and understanding of the safety and environmental issues for SUVs and MPVs on the European road network. Although there is a growing presence of SUVs in European traffic, there is a lack of objective analysis to indicate the impact of these SUVs. In this study a general definition was formulated to be able to identify SUVs and MPVs in the M1 class vehicles. Based on this definition sales figures from the EU15 countries, national statistics and in-depth accident cases have been extracted from appropriate databases. The in-depth cases and a detailed analysis of the structural differences provided insight into the structural differences between passenger cars and SUVs. The environmental performance differences were also investigated. The classification of vehicles according to their body shape is quite often used to categorise vehicles for crashworthiness or similar activities. Historically this classification has been introduced by car manufacturers. In this study, a suitable definition for the SUV and the MPV, based on the legal terminology of off-roaders, is formulated. The height predictor of 1600 mm should be evaluated on future vehicle models on possible advantages and disadvantages (like the effect on drag resistance) in close cooperation with the car industry. The limited classification of vehicle body types in sales data collections makes a simple extraction of the sales figures for SUVs difficult. However, from the available resources it was identified that the sales of SUVs (in terms of off-roaders) and MPVs were growing in recent years to respectively 5% and 15% in 2003 in EU15 countries. In particular it can be expected that the 2003 overall European sales levels of SUVs (5%) will increase by 2008 to an expected share of 8%. This increase in the EU15 countries should be further monitored and besides this, the sales numbers in the EU25 countries should be investigated. It would also be most helpful in future research that in sales numbers a clear distinction between passenger cars and SUVs could be made based on the proposed definition. National statistics from countries participating in the project (UK, G, NL, S, F) were collected and analysed for the rates of accident involvement of SUVs during recent years and the injury outcome associated with these accidents. It is shown that there is a slightly higher problem with SUVs in collisions with other road users as compared to collisions between other passenger cars and these road users. Based on expected fleet changes in the near future, this problem can however become more serious. There are no distinctive trends observable for the MPV car category. The in-depth accident collection and analysis were carried out to further understand the problems and attempted to quantify the magnitude of the issue. This study has shown that both geometrical incompatibility and stiffness/mass incompatibility appear to be a factor in the accidents observed. 4 IMPROVER Final Report: Subproject 1 TREN-04-ST-S07.37022 A review of ongoing European research projects also identified the differences between the SUVs and the other road users in terms of mass, structure and stiffness. This review concluded that a multi-step approach requiring minimisation of geometric variations and harmonisation of structural properties is necessary to gain better interaction and avoid overly stiff vehicles. These recommendations are similar to those already proposed by the Automobile Manufacturers Alliance. It is important to recognize that the observed problems can be avoided with the introduction of compatibility based safety requirements. These requirements are particularly of relevance for SUVs since the data shows that they are more of a safety risk than MPVs or other passenger cars. Activities like VC-Compat can be used to drive these solutions forward and it is recommended that their effect should be addressed in future research studies
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