RICHARD KARL PAYNE

office: Institute of , 2140 Durant Avenue Berkeley, California 94704 home: 16216 Kennedy Road, Los Gatos, California 95032 mobile: 650.796.8983 z email: [email protected]

EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Ph.D., History and Phenomenology of Religion, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California, in conjunction with the University of California, Berkeley. 1985. Dissertation: “Feeding the Gods, The Shingon Fire Ritual” (published).

Ajari, ordained Shingon Buddhist priest, Yochi-in, Kōyasan, : 1983.

Graduate Degree, Tibetan Buddhist Studies, Nyingma Institute, Berkeley, California. 1981. Thesis: “The Theory of Meaning in the Buddhist Logician: The Historical and Intellectual Context of Apoha” (published).

M.A., Philosophy, San José State University, San José, California. 1975.

B.A., Philosophy/Psychology, San José State University, San José, California. 1972.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Professor (Yehan Numata Professor of Japanese Buddhist Studies, 2009), Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, California, 1993 to present.

Dean, Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, California, 1994 to 2016. Acting Dean, 1993. Administrative Assistant to the Dean, 1991 to 1992 (concurrent).

Member of the Graduate Theological Union Core Doctoral Faculty. 1994 to present.

Convener of the doctoral program in the Cultural and Historical Studies of Religions. 1996 to 2002, and 2010-11.

Lecturer, Religious Studies Program, San José State University, San José, California. 1988 to 1993 (concurrent).

Lecturer, Religious Studies Program, University of California, Berkeley, California. 1988 to 1993 (concurrent).

Adjunct Professor, Japanese and Religion, Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, California. 1986 to 1993 (concurrent). Faculty representative to Academic Council, 1986 to 1991.

Instructor of Philosophy and Religion, part-time, Philosophy Department, West Valley College, Saratoga, California. 1974 to 1991 (concurrent). Member of the Honors Program Faculty, invitational position. Part-Time Faculty Representative to the President’s Task Force on Pathways to the Future, invitational position.

Instructor of Philosophy and Religion, part-time, Philosophy Department, San José City College, San José, California. 1985 to 1990 (concurrent) .

Instructor of Philosophy and Religion, part-time, Philosophy Department, Evergreen Valley College, San José, California. 1981 to 1989 (concurrent).

Instructor, History and Phenomenology of Religions (in partial fulfillment of requirements), Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California. 1979, Spring quarter (concurrent).

Graduate Assistant, Philosophy Department, San José State University, San José, California. 1974, Spring and Fall semesters (concurrent).

RELATED PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Co-Editor in Chief with Georgios Halkias, University of Hong Kong, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion, Buddhism < http://religion.oxfordre.com/browse?t0=ORE_REL:REFREL005>

Co-chair with Fabio Rambelli, University of California, Santa Barbara, “Economics and Capitalism in the Study of Buddhism,” American Academy of Religion seminar, 2015–2019.

Editor in Chief, Oxford Bibliographies: Buddhism . 2011 to present.

Chair, Editorial Committee, The Pure Land, Journal of the International Association of Shin Buddhist Studies, 2006 to 2013. Editor, 1993–2006.

Founding member of the Steering Committee for the Buddhist Critical–Constructive Reflection group of the American Academy of Religion, 2005–2006.

Founding chair of the Editorial Committee of the Pure Land Buddhist Studies Series, jointly published by University of Hawai’i Press and Brill Academic, 2001 to present. As of 2017: seven published titles in series, three more in production.

Coordinator for “Meditation in American Shin Buddhism.” A conference co-hosted by the Stanford Buddhist Studies Center. Held at Stanford University, February, 2005.

Co-coordinator with Prof. David Eckel (Boston University) and Prof. Mark Unno (University of Oregon, Eugene) for “Buddhism and Psychotherapy: Cross-Cultural Appropriations.” An international conference co-hosted with the Open Research Center of Ryukoku University, Kyoto, and Boston University. Held at Boston University, October 2004.

Coordinator for the Eleventh Biennial Conference of the International Association of Shin Buddhist Studies. Held in Berkeley, September, 2003.

Coordinator for “Japanese Buddhism in America: Shared Issues, Common Concerns.” A conference co-hosted by UCLA Center for Buddhist Studies, UCLA Center for Japanese Studies, UCLA Asian American Studies Center, and the Japanese American National Museum, held at UCLA and the Japanese American National Museum, February, 2003.

Co-coordinator, with Prof. Fabio Rambelli (University of Sapporo, Japan), for “Segni, simboli e corpi nelle tradizioni mistiche dell’Oriente e dell’Occidente.” An international conference held at the International Center for Semiotic and Cognitive Studies, University of San Marino, San Marino, Italy, June, 2002.

Coordinator for “Buddhism and Cognitive Science.” A symposium co-sponsored by the GTU Center for Theology and Natural Science, at the Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, May, 2002.

Coordinator for “Visions and Visualization: Buddhist Praxis on the Silk Road.” A conference co-sponsored by the Buddhist Studies Center, at Stanford University, March, 2002.

Co-coordinator, with Rev. Taigen Dan Leighton, for “Language and Discourse in the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism.” An international conference co- sponsored by the San Francisco Center held at Green Gulch Zen Center, Marin, California, September, 2001.

Member of the editorial board of Theology and Science, published by the Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences at the Graduate Theological Union. 2001 to present.

Member of the Advisory Committee of the Society for Tantric Studies, and its consultation at the American Academy of Religions. 1990 to present.

Secretary, American Academy of Religion Subcommittee on Electronic Publishing. 1992 to 1997.

Founding Member of the Board of Directors, Western Commission on the Study of Religion. 1992.

Academic Director, “Kyoto: Heart of Japanese Culture.” International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Extension Division. 1990 to 1992.

Managing Editor/Chair, Editorial Committee for Pacific World, Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, California. 1992 to present.

Book Review Editor for Pacific World, Journal of the Insitute of Buddhist Studies, Berkeley, California. 1987 to 1992.

Coordinator for “ Occluded, The 1992 Conference of the Society for Tantric Studies.” An international conference held in Menlo Park, California, May, 1992.

President, American Academy of Religion, Western Region. 1990 to 1991. Vice President and Program Chair, American Academy of Religion, Western Region. Coordinated the Annual Conference, March, 1990. 1989 to 1990.

Member of the Steering Committee, Ritual Studies Group, American Academy of Religions. 1988 to 1991.

Member of the Advisory Council for the “Inside Japan” Television Project of the Japanese Cultural Center, Foothill College, Los Altos, California. 1988.

Editor for the Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Berkeley, California. Review of English translation of The of Golden Light (Konkomyo-saisho-o-kyo, Taisho number 665).

Instructor for University of California Extension, Santa Cruz. “Fire: Archetypal Symbol of Transformation,” November 19, 1987.

Coordinator of the Apple // User’s Group, American Academy of Religion, 1984 to 1986.

Educational Consultant, 1970 to 1982. Specialized in needs assessment, program design, proposal preparation, and program evaluation. Complete résumé of consulting experience available upon request.

AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION: Japanese Tantric Buddhism, and Ritual Studies

AREAS OF COMPETENCE: History and Phenomenology of Religion, and Asian Religions

RESEARCH LANGUAGES: Japanese, Tibetan, French and German

PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS

American Academy of Religions North American Association for the Study of Religion International Association of Buddhist Studies Association for Asian Studies Society for Tantric Studies—founding member International Association for Shin Buddhist Studies

PUBLICATIONS

“ and Grammar: A Linguistic Dimension of Extraordinary Language,” in Charles Willemen Felicitation Volume, in press.

“Religion, Self-Help, Science: Three Economies of Western/ized Buddhism,” in Journal of Global Buddhism, in press.

Language in the Buddhist Tantra of Japan: Roots of Mantra, London: Bloomsbury, 2018.

“ and Morality,” in Handbook of Ethical Foundations of Mindfulness, ed. Steven Stanley, Ronald E. Purser, and Nirbhay N. Singh. Springer, 2018: 323–337.

“Study of Buddhist Tantra: An Impressionistic Overview,” in Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, 3rd series, no.20 (2018): 25–53.

“Lethal Fire: The Shingon Yamāntaka Abhicāra Homa,” in Journal of Religion and Violence, 6.1 (2018), 11–31. Special issue guest edited by Dr. Jimmy Yu.

“On not Understanding Extraordinary Language in the Buddhist Tantra of Japan,” in Religions 8 (2017), doi:10.3390/rel8100223. [open access]

Homa Variations: The Study of Ritual Change across the Longue Durée, ed. with Michael Witzel. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

“Jesus Christ, Tantric Deity: Syntax and Semantics in Ritual Change,” in On Meaning and Mantra: Essays in Honor of Frits Staal, ed. George Thompson and Richard K. Payne. Berkeley, CA: Institute of Buddhist Studies and BDK America, 2016: 455–476.

On Meaning and : Essays in Honor of Frits Staal, ed. with George Thompson. Contemporary Issues in Buddhist Studies Series. Berkeley: Institute of Buddhist Studies and BDK America, 2016.

Pure Land Buddhism in China: A Doctrinal History, ed. with Natalie E.F. Quli, 2 vols. Contemporary Issues in Buddhist Studies Series. Berkeley: Institute of Buddhist Studies and BDK America, 2016.

“‘To Whom Does Kisā Gotamī Speak?’: Grief, , and Upāya,” Journal of 23 (2016).

“Buddhism,” in Susan Felch, ed., Cambridge Companion to Literature and Religion (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016), 169–185.

“Crossing Streams in the Dark: Religious Pluralism and Theological Education,” Dialog: A Journal of Theology 55.3 (September 2016), 262–272. DOI: 10.1111/dial.12262.

“Buddhist Ritual from Syntax to Cognition: Insight Meditation and Homa,” Religions, 7.8 (2016), doi: 10.3390/rel7080104.

“Homa: Tantric Fire Ritual,” Oxford Research Encyclopedia/Religion Aug. 2016. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.82.

“Buddhist Studies Beyond the Nation-State” Oxford Handbooks Online/Religion, 2016. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935420.013.13.

“The Homa of the Northern Dipper,” in David B. Gray and Ryan Richard Overbey, eds., Tantric Traditions in Transmission and Translation (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2016), 284–307.

“Self-Representation and Cultural Expectations: Yogi Chen and Religious Practices of Life-Writing,” in Entangled Religions, 3 (2016), article 2: 33–82.

“A Commentary on The Upadeśa on the of Limitless Life with Gāthās on the Resolution to be Born Composed by the ,” original translation by the late Roger Corless, revised and updated by Takahiko Kameyama, and edited by Richard K. Payne, in Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, 3rd series, no. 17 (2015): 69– 233. Issue also includes reprint of “The Five Contemplative Gates of Vasubandhu’s Treatise as a Ritualized Visualization Practice,”: 43–67 (1996, see below).

“Integrating Christ and the Saints into Buddhist Ritual: The Christian Homa of Yogi Chen,” in Buddhist Christian Studies, vol. 35 (2015): 37-48 (DOI: 10.1353/bcs.2015.0001)

“The Path from Metaphor to Narrative: Gampopa’s Jewel Ornament of Liberation,” in Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, 3rd series, no. 16 (2014): 29–48.

Homa Variations: The Study of Ritual Change Across the Longue Durée, Richard K. Payne and Michael Witzel, eds., Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

“Pure Land or Pure Mind: Locus of Awakening and American Popular Religious Culture,” in Journal of Global Buddhism, 16 (2015): 16–32.

“Buddhism Beyond Borders: Beyond the Rhetorics of Rupture,” in Scott A. Mitchell and Natalie E.F. Quli, eds., Buddhism Beyond Borders: New Perspectives on Buddhism in the United States (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2015), 217–239.

Scripture:Canon::Text:Context: Essays Honoring Lewis R. Lancaster, ed., Contemporary Issues in Buddhist Studies series. Institute of Buddhist Studies and the Numata Center/Berkeley, 2014. (Series marketed and distributed by University of Hawai‘i Press.) Includes “Alternative Configurations: Toward an Historiography of Practice”, 203–236.

“Beneath the Waves: Conceiving the Unconscious,” in Sarah F. Haynes and Michelle J. Sorensen, eds., Wading into the Stream of Wisdom: Essays in Honor of Leslie S. Kawamura. Berkeley: Institute of Buddhist Studies and BDK America, 2013.

“Fractal Journeys: Narrative Structure of the Path and of Tantric Practice,” in Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, third series, no. 14 (2012)

“Conversions of Tantric Buddhist Ritual: The Yoshida Shintō Jūhachishintō Ritual,” in István Keul, ed., Transformations and Transfer of Tantra in Asia and Beyond (Religion and Society, vol. 52. Berlin: DeGruyter, 2012).

Esoteric Buddhism and the in East Asia, Charles D. Orzech, Henrik Sørensen, and Richard K. Payne, eds. Brill, 2011. Includes “Fourfold Training in Japanese Esoteric Buddhism,” and “From Vedic India to Buddhist Japan: Continuities and Discontinuities in Esoteric Ritual,” by Richard K. Payne, and “Homa” by Richard K. Payne and Charles D. Orzech.

“Ritual Studies in the Longue Durée: Comparing Shingon and Śaiva Siddhānta Homas” in Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, third series, no. 13 (2011).

“Soul as Process: Buddhist Reflections on Mark Graves’ Mind, Brain and the Elusive Soul,” Pastoral Psychology, vol. 60, no. 6 (2011).

“The authority of the Buddha: The limits of knowledge in medieval Indian Buddhist epistemology,” in Acta Orientalia Vilnensia, special issue entitled “Through the looking- glass of the Buddha-mind: Strategies of cognition in Indo-,” vol. 11, no. 1 (2010).

“Ritual of the Clear Light Mantra” in Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, third series, no. 12 (2010).

How Much is Enough? Buddhism, Consumerism, and the Human Environment, Richard K. Payne, ed. Wisdom Publications, 2010.

“A Comparison of Tibetan and Shingon Homas,” Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, third series, no. 11 (2009).

Path of No Path: Contemporary Studies in , Richard K. Payne, ed. Contemporary Issues in Buddhist Studies series, no. 2. Institute of Buddhist Studies and the Numata Center/Berkeley, 2009. (Series marketed and distributed by University of Hawai‘i Press.)

“Traditionalist Representations of Buddhism,” Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, third series, no. 10 (2008).

Shin Buddhism: Historical, Textual and Interpretive Studies, Richard K. Payne, ed. Contemporary Issues in Buddhist Studies series, no. 1. Institute of Buddhist Studies and the Numata Center/Berkeley, 2007. (Series marketed and distributed by University of Hawai‘i Press.)

“Why Religion Matters: The Fate of the Human Spirit in an Age of Disbelief by Huston Smith” review by Richard K. Payne, Theology and Science, 5.1 (March, 2007).

“Aparimitāyus: ‘Tantra’ and ‘Pure Land’ in Medieval Indian Buddhism?” Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, third series, no. 9 (2007).

“Individuation and Awakening: Romantic Narrative and the Psychological Interpretation of Buddhism” in Buddhism and Psychotherapy Across Cultures: Essays on Theories and Practices, Mark Unno, ed., Wisdom Publications, 2006.

“The Shingon Subordinating Fire for Amitābha, ‘Amida Kei Ai Goma’” Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, third series, no. 8 (2006).

Discourse and Ideology in Medieval Japanese Buddhism, Richard K. Payne and Taigen Dan Leighton, eds., London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2006.

“Overcoming an Impoverished Ontology: Candrakīrti and the Mind-Body Problem” in Soul, Psyche and Brain, Kelly Bulkeley, ed., New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Tantric Buddhism in East Asia, Richard K. Payne, ed., Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2005.

“Awakening and Language: Indic Theories of Language in Buddhism and Buddhist China” in Faithful/Fateful Encounters: Religion and Cultural Exchanges between Asia and the West, Zhuo Xinping, Judith Berling, and Philip Wickeri, eds., Institute of World Religions, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, 2005.

“On the Ritual Culture of Japan: Symbolism, Ritual and the Arts” in Nanzan Guidebook for the Study of Japanese Religions, Clark Chilson, Robert Kisala, Okuyama Michiaki, and Paul L. Swanson, eds., Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2005.

“Fudō,” “Shingonshū,” and “Worship and Devotional Life: Buddhist Devotional Life in East Asia,” in Encyclopedia of Religion, second edition, New York: Thompson Gale, 2005.

“Seeing Buddhas, Hearing Buddhas: Cognitive Significance of Nenbutsu as Visualization and as Recitation,” Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, third series, no. 7 (2005).

“Hiding in Plain Sight: The Invisibility of the Shingon Mission to the United States” in Buddhist Missionaries in the Era of Globalization, Linda Learman, ed. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2004.

“Ritual Syntax and Cognitive Theory” in Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, third series, no. 6 (2004).

Approaching the Land of Bliss: Religious Praxis in the Cult of Amitābha, Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism, Richard K. Payne and Kenneth K. Tanaka, eds., Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2004.

“Seeing Sukhāvatī: Yogācara and the Origins of Pure Land Visualization” The Pure Land, n.s. no. 20 (Dec. 2003).

“Ritual” in Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Robert E. Buswell, Jr., ed. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2003.

“Locating Buddhism, Locating Psychology” in Awakening and Insight: Zen Buddhism and Psychotherapy, Polly Young-Eisendrath and Shoji Muramoto. eds. New York: Taylor & Francis, and Hove, East Sussex: Brunner-Routledge, 2002.

“Buddhism and the Sciences: Historical Background, Contemporary Developments” in Ted Peters, and Gaymon Bennett, eds., Bridging Science and Religion. London: SCM- Canterbury Press, 2002. German translation: “Der Buddhismus und die Naturwissenschaften: Historischer Hintergrund und aktuelle Entwicklungen” in Ted Peters, Gaymon Bennett, and Kang Phee Seng, eds., Brücken bauen: Naturwissenschaft und Religion. Religion, Theologie und Naturwissenschaft/Religioin, Theology, and Natural Science, vol. 5. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2006.

“Archetype and Emptiness: Comparisons, Critiques and Applications of Jung and Buddhism” in The San Francisco Jung Insitute Library Journal, 2002.

“Tongues of Flame: Homologies in the Tantric Homa,” in Katherine Harper, ed., Roots of Tantra. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001.

“Ritual Manual for the Protective Fire Offering Devoted to Mañjuśr∆, the Bodhisattva of Wisdom, Chuin ” study and translation in David Gordon White, ed., Tantra in Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

“The Shingon Ajikan: Diagrammatic Analysis of Ritual Syntax” in Religion, 1999. 215–229.

“At Midlife in Medieval Japan” in the Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 1999.

“Shingon Services for the Dead” study and translation in George Tanabe, ed., Religions of Japan in Practice Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999.

“Reflections on “The Successful Sarariiman” in Regina Wolfe and Christine E. Gudorf, eds., Ethics and World Religion: Cross-Cultural Case Studies Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 1999.

“The Tantric Transformation of Pūjā: Interpretation and Structure in the Study of Ritual,” in Dick van der Meij, ed., India and Beyond: Aspects of Literature, Meaning, Ritual and Thought, Essays in Honour of Frits Staal. Leiden: International Institute for Asian Studies, 1998.

Re-Visioning “Kamakura” Buddhism, Kuroda Institute Studies in East Asian Buddhism, Richard K. Payne, ed., including idem, “Ajikan: Ritual and Meditation in the Shingon Tradition” and “Introduction to Re-Visioning ‘Kamakura’ Buddhism.” Honolulu: University of Press, 1998.

Religion and Society in Contemporary Korea, Korea Research Moonograph, no. 24, Lewis R. Lancaster and Richard K. Payne, eds. Center for Korean Studies, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 1997.

The Pure Land Tradition: History and Development, James Foard, Michael Solomon and Richard K. Payne, eds., including idem, “The Five Contemplative Gates of Vasubandhu’s Rebirth Treatise as a Ritualized Visualization Practice.” Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, no. 3; Berkeley: Berkeley Buddhist Studies Series, 1996.

“Realizing Inherent Enlightenment: Ritual and Self-Transformation in ” in Michael B. Aune and Valerie D. Marinis, eds., Religious and Social Ritual: Interdisciplinary Explorations. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.

“Shingon-shū” in The HarperCollins Dictionary of Religion, ed. Jonathan Z. Smith, et al. San Francisco: HarperSan Francisco, 1995.

Tantric Ritual of Japan: Feeding the Gods, The Shingon Fire Ritual. (Revised edition of dissertation.) Śata-Piṭaka Series, number 365. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan, 1991.

“Shinzei’s Disourse on Practicing the Samādhi of Meditating on the Buddha.” (A translation of Shinzei’s Nembutsu zammai hōgo, Taisho number 2421.) The Pacific World: Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1991.

“Sex and Gestation, The Union of Opposites in European and Chinese Alchemy,” Ambix, 1989.

“Firmly Rooted: On Fudō Myōō’s Origins,” Pacific World, The Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1988.

Private Directions for the Śāntika Homa (a translation of Iwahara Taishin’s Soku Sai Goma Shiki Shidai ), and Commentary to Iwahara Taishin’s Private Directions for the Ûåntika Homa, Offered to Acala. Kōyasan, Japan: Department of Kōyasan Shingon Foreign, 1988.

“Standing Fast: Fudō Myōō in Japanese Literature,” Pacific World, The Journal of the Institute of Buddhist Studies, 1987.

“The Theory of Meaning in the Buddhist Logicians, The Historical and Intellectual Context of Apoha,” Journal of Indian Philosophy, 15 (1987).

AWARDS AND FELLOWSHIPS

Named “Yehan Numata Professor of Japanese Buddhist Studies” an endowed position, 2009.

Recipient of a curriculum development grant from the Science and Religion Course Program of the Templeton Foundation for “Buddhism and Cognitive Science” offered Spring semester, 2002.

Alumnus of the Year, Graduate Theological Union. 2001.

American Academy of Religion, Faculty Grant for research in the Tenri University Library Rare Book Collection, Yoshida Shintō, examining Shintō fire ritual manuals, August 2001.

Luce Foundation, Faculty Development Grant, Graduate Theological Union, 1992 to 1993. Research project on the Eighty Eight Temple of Shikoku Island, Japan.

Faculty Research Grant, Graduate Theological Union, 1988. Study focused on comparing the funerary rituals and annual O Bon celebrations of two different Japanese American Buddhist temples.

American Academy of Religion, Western Region, 1985 Student Essay Contest, award for “Fire, Symbol of Transformation in Japanese Tantric Buddhist Ritual.”

Visiting Research Fellow, Institute of Buddhist Cultural Studies, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan, 1982 to 1983.

Visiting Scholar, Department of Esoteric Buddhism, Koyasan University, Koyasan, Japan, 1982.

Grant to study Buddhism as a new religion, Program for the Study of New Religious Movements, Graduate Theological Union, 1979.

Tau Delta Phi, San José State University, 1971.

Dean’s Scholar, San José State University, 1969.

Participant in Tutorials Program (invitational honors program), San José State University, 1967 to 1969.