Das Gesamtkunstwerk Oper Aus Datensicht Aspekte Des Umgangs Mit Einer Heterogenen Datenlage Im BMBF-Projekt Freischutz¨ Digital“ ”

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Das Gesamtkunstwerk Oper Aus Datensicht Aspekte Des Umgangs Mit Einer Heterogenen Datenlage Im BMBF-Projekt Freischutz¨ Digital“ ” Noname manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Das Gesamtkunstwerk Oper aus Datensicht Aspekte des Umgangs mit einer heterogenen Datenlage im BMBF-Projekt Freischutz¨ Digital\ " Daniel R¨owenstrunk · Thomas Pr¨atzlich · Thomas Betzwieser · Meinard Muller¨ · Gerd Szwillus · Joachim Veit Received: date / Accepted: date Zusammenfassung Das vom BMBF gef¨orderte Pro- 1 Einfuhrung¨ jekt Freischutz¨ Digital setzt ein genuin digitales Edi- tionskonzept fur¨ musikalische Werke in einem multi- In kaum einer Gattung der Musik ist in den vergan- medialen Archiv u. a. mit Notentexten, Textbuchern¨ genen Jahrzehnten die Notwendigkeit der Ver¨anderung und Aufnahmen in Form von Ton- und Videodokumen- g¨angiger Editionsmethoden so deutlich geworden wie ten um. Dies erm¨oglicht eine dichte Verknupfung¨ und im Bereich der Oper. Die Vielschichtigkeit dieses Kul- Annotierung der Inhalte. Durch die Ver¨offentlichung turph¨anomens l¨asst sich mit simplen, auf den Kompo- der Ergebnisse unter einer Open-Access-Lizenz in ei- nisten des Werks zentrierten klassischen Editionen nicht nem Grid-basierten System mit Persistent Identifiern abbilden. So verwundert es kaum, dass neue Konzep- entsteht eine stabile Referenzierbarkeit und langfristi- te, in denen die autorunabh¨angige Uberlieferung¨ sowie ge Verfugbarkeit¨ fur¨ nachnutzende Forschungsprojekte. Produktions- und Rezeptionskontexte eine große Rolle Die Potentiale dieses Konzepts werden dadurch evident, spielen, verst¨arkt die M¨oglichkeiten digitaler Editions- dass detailierte Codierungen der musikalischen Texte formen einbeziehen. zur adhoc-Darstellung beliebiger, auch varianter Aus- schnitte der Partituren genutzt werden k¨onnen. Ebenso k¨onnen das Libretto mit seiner Genese gleichberechtigt integriert, Annotationen der Datenobjekte (Text, Bild und Ton) erstellt und { aufgrund von Forschungser- gebnissen zur zeitlichen und spektralen Segmentierung akustischer Datenstr¨ome { Notentexte und Aufnahmen mittels automatisch erstellter Verlinkung synchron an- gezeigt bzw. abgespielt werden. Schlusselw¨ ¨orter Digitale Musikedition · Audio · Segmentierung · Genetische Edition · MEI Benjamin W. Bohl · Daniel R¨owenstrunk · Joachim Veit Musikwissensenschaftliches Seminar Detmold/Paderborn Gartenstr. 20, 32756 Detmold Tel.: +49 5231 975-876 E-Mail: [email protected] Abb. 1 Graphische, logische und akustische Dom¨ane der Meinard Muller¨ · Thomas Pr¨atzlich Oper Der Freischutz¨ . International Audio Laboratories, Erlangen Thomas Betzwieser · Solveig Schreiter · Janette Seuffert 1 Institut fur¨ Musikwissenschaft, Goethe-Universit¨at Frankfurt Das BMBF-Projekt Freischutz¨ Digital , das sich der paradigmatischen Konzeption und Umsetzung ei- Gerd Szwillus Institut fur¨ Informatik, Universit¨at Paderborn 1 http://www.freischuetz-digital.de 2 Daniel R¨owenstrunk et al. nes genuin digitalen Editionskonzepts am Beispiel der Erfolgsoper Carl Maria von Webers widmet, weitet A A A A A A K 1 K 2 K 9 K13 K15 K 19 K 26 Kx1 ED-kl D1849 unter den neuen Bedingungen die Perspektive, in- Ouvertüre 1. Introduzione dem erstmals die graphische, logische und akustisch- 2. Terzetto con Cori 3. Walzer performative Dom¨ane [2] musikalischer Werke in eine 4. Lied 5. Aria historisch-kritische Edition einbezogen werden. Damit 6. Duetto 7. Allegretto sind nicht nur durch die Tonaufnahmen inhaltlich neue 8. Scena ed Aria 9. Terzetto Bereiche in die Edition einzubinden, sondern gleichzei- 10. Finale 11. Entre Act tig heterogene Datenkorpora und -typen, die zudem in 12. Cavatina 13. Romanza ed Aria sehr unterschiedlicher Tiefe erschlossen sind, zu bear- 14. Volkslied 15. Jägerchor beiten und auf unterschiedlichsten Ebenen miteinander 16. Finale zu verknupfen.¨ Neben der Bereitstellung einer m¨oglichst breiten Abb. 2 Musikalische Quellen (Angabe der Siglen) und Nummern der Oper mit Markierung der erstellten MEI- Datenbasis unter einer Open-Access-Lizenz und der Codierungen. Darstellung der Potentiale dieses genuin digitalen Edi- tionskonzepts legt das Projekt eine genetische Edition des Librettos im digitalen Medium und Grundlagenfor- jekte ensteht ein multimediales System, das neben tex- schungen im Bereich der zeitlichen und spektralen Au- tuellen Informationen auch strukturierte Daten, Meta- diosegmentierung vor, deren Ergebnisse in die Edition daten, Audio, Video und Bildmaterial erfassen kann. einfließen. Die Konzeption und Implementierung einer Im Rahmen des Projekts werden s¨amtliche Objekte in interaktiven Benutzerinteraktion und verschiedene Va- Form von XML-Dateien abgespeichert und gegebenen- rianzanalysen zur Demonstration der Nachnutzbarkeit falls durch Bild-, Audio- oder Videodateien erg¨anzt, bilden weitere, in diesem Artikel nich n¨aher beschriebe- wobei textuelle Objekte nach den Richtlinien der Text ne Ziele des Projekts. Encoding Initiaitve2 (TEI) und musikalische Objekte nach denen der Music Encoding Initiative3 (MEI) co- diert werden. Codierungen der Partituren werden exem- 2 Datengrundlage plarisch vollst¨andig fur¨ das Autograph und in den ande- ren Quellen fur¨ die Nummern 6, 8 und 9 angelegt (vgl. Die im Projekt aufzubauende und anzureichernde Da- Abbildung 2). Die XML-native Dokument-Datenbank tenbasis ist (in Anlehnung an Frans Wierings Mo- eXist 4 dient hierfur¨ in Kombination mit dem Bildser- dell eines multidimensionalen und multimedialen Ar- ver Digilib5 als Datenspeicher mit speziell fur¨ diese Da- chivs [13]) eine Sammlung unterschiedlichster Materia- tenstrukturen angelegten Indizes. lien, die zum Verst¨andnis des Werkes und somit zur Edition beitragen kann. Der Freischutz¨ { bestehend aus Ouverture¨ und 16 Nummern mit eingeschobenen Multidimensionalit¨at. Relationen innerhalb des Ar- gesprochenen Dialogen { ist in mehreren Partituren chivs sind sowohl zwischen Datenobjekten als auch in- uberliefert¨ und basiert auf dem von Friedrich Kind nerhalb der Objekte selbst m¨oglich. Zum Beispiel sind verfassten gleichnamigen Libretto. Es sind somit ne- mehrere Textschichten, Fassungen und Varianten, Am- ben den Notentexten auch die librettistischen Quellen, biguit¨aten oder auch mediale Repr¨asentationen des Ob- daruber¨ hinaus auch Briefe, Pressetexte, Tagebuchein- jekts miteinander in Beziehung zu setzen. Hierfur¨ ist tr¨age, Abbildungen oder andere Informationen z. B. zu es erforderlich, die Granularit¨at der Auszeichnung der Personen oder Institutionen von Interesse. Dabei wird Objekte in XML an die Beziehungstiefe anzupassen und dem Postulat Wierings, eine m¨oglichst vollst¨andige Er- Objektidentit¨aten in Form von IDs auf den unterschied- fassung und Aufbereitung dieser Datenobjekte zu ge- lichen Ebenen der Codierung zu schaffen. Annotatio- w¨ahrleisten, Rechnung getragen, indem zum Beispiel nen k¨onnen als komplexe Beziehungsobjekte zwischen musikalische Inhalte nicht ausschließlich durch den No- diesen Objektidentit¨aten gesehen werden und bieten { tensatz (grafische Dom¨ane), sondern auch durch eine uber¨ direkte Referenzen zwischen Objekten hinaus { die Semantik erfassende Codierung (logische Dom¨ane) die M¨oglichkeit, Relationen zu bewerten, zu kommen- und durch Aufnahmen von Auffuhrungen¨ und anderen tieren oder zu gewichten. Durch eine eigenst¨andige ID akustischen Realisationen (akustische bzw. performati- der Annotationen im Archiv k¨onnen diese wieder als ve Dom¨ane) beschrieben werden. 2 http://www.tei-c.org 3 http://www.music-encoding.org Multimedialit¨at. Aufgrund der Forderung nach einer 4 http://www.exist-db.org umfassenden Integration unterschiedlichster Datenob- 5 http://digilib.sourceforge.net Das Gesamtkunstwerk Oper aus Datensicht 3 Bestandteil der Datenbasis gesehen und als Grundlage zwischen den eine Taktposition markierenden Recht- fur¨ weitere Forschung genutzt werden. ecken auf den Faksimiles, den Abschnitten einer Ton- aufnahme, die auf Basis einer automatischen zeitlichen Offenheit. Die Verfugbarkeit¨ der Daten wird uber¨ eine Segmentierung (vgl. Abschnitt 5) eine akustische Re- Publikation s¨amtlicher Projektergebnisse innerhalb des pr¨asentation eines Taktes darstellen, und den Takt- TextGrid-Repository6 unter einer Open-Access-Lizenz strukturen in der Codierung des musikalischen Inhalts der Creative Commons Organisation7 sichergestellt. werden diese drei Dom¨anen in Relation gebracht. Ei- Neben der durch die Grid-Technologie zu erwartenden ne feinere Aufl¨osung der Entsprechungen in Form von hohen Verfugbarkeit¨ bietet das System Persistent Iden- Positionen einzelner Zeichen auf dem Faksimile oder tifier fur¨ s¨amtliche Objekte und damit eine stabile Re- kurzerer¨ Abschnitte im Audio, zum Beispiel auf Basis ferenzierbarkeit jedes ver¨offentlichten Zustands der Da- einer Z¨ahlzeit, ist denkbar und wunschenswert,¨ aber zur tenobjekte. Uber¨ definierte Schnittstellen k¨onnen die- Zeit aufgrund fehlender oder nicht pr¨aziser Automatis- se Daten in anderen Kontexten nachgenutzt werden, men nicht ohne manuelle Korrektur zu realisieren. ebenso wie das Projekt selbst zum Beispiel die Daten Codebsp. 1 Codierung der Quelle (beispielhaft). der digitalen Texteditionen der Carl-Maria-von-Weber- Gesamtausgabe (WeGA) nutzt.8 1 <measure n="1" xmlns=" ,!http://www.music-encoding.org/ns/mei"> 3 <staff n="10"> <layer n="1"> 3 Digitale Musikedition 5 ... <note xml:id="A_1_e3" stem.dir="up" Ein wesentliches Ziel des Projekts ist die Konzeption 7 ,!sameas="core.xml#core_1_e3_1"/> </ layer > und Umsetzung eines genuin digitalen Editionskonzepts 9 </ staff > fur¨ musikalische Werke; dies bezieht neben den Metho- </ measure > den zur Erarbeitung der Edition auch die Analyseme- thoden und Darstellungsformen
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