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The Work of Who 1969 OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION No. 180 THE WORK OF WHO 1969 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR - GENERAL TO THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY AND TO THE UNITED NATIONS The Financial Report, 1 January -31 December 1969, whichconstitutes a supplementtothis volume,is published separately asOfficial Records No. 183. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION GENEVA March 1970 The following abbreviations are used in the Official Records of the World Health Organization: ACABQ - Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions ACC - Administrative Committee on Co- ordination C1OMS - Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences ECA - Economic Commission for Africa ECAFE - Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East ECE - Economic Commission for Europe ECLA - Economic Commission for Latin America FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IAEA - International Atomic Energy Agency ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization ILO - International Labour Organisation (Office) IMCO - Inter -Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization ITU - International Telecommunication Union PAHO - Pan American Health Organization PASB - Pan American Sanitary Bureau UNCTAD - United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP /SF - United Nations Development Programme, Special Fund component UNDP /TA - United Nations Development Programme, Technical Assistance component UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF - United Nations Children's Fund UNRWA - United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East WFUNA - World Federation of United Nations Associations WMO - World Meteorological Organization © World Health Organization 1970 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless governmental agencies or learned and professional societies may reproduce data or excerpts or illustrations from them without requesting an authorization from the World Health Organization. For rights of reproduction or translation of WHO publications in toto, application should be made to the Division of Editorial and Reference Services, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.The World Health Organization welcomes such applications. PRINTED IN SWITZERLAND - H - CONTENTS Page Introduction vit PART I -GENERALREVIEW Chapter 1. Communicable Diseases 3 Epidemiological Surveillance and Quarantine 3 Tuberculosis 13 Smallpox 5 Leprosy 14 Virus Diseases 6 Bacterial Diseases 16 Venereal Diseases and Treponematoses 10 Veterinary Public Health and Comparative Medicine 19 Chapter2. Malaria and other Parasitic Diseases, Vector Control 24 Malaria 24 Vector Biology and Control 34 Parasitic Diseases 29 Chapter3. Non -communicableDiseases 39 Cardiovascular Diseases 39 Mental Health 43 Cancer 40 Nutrition 44 Dental Health 42 Chapter4. Biomedical Sciences 46 Immunology 46 Human Reproduction 48 Human Genetics 47 Biological Standardization 49 Chapter 5.Pharmacology and Toxicology 51 Drug Dependence 51 Pharmaceuticals 52 Drug Safety 51 Food Safety 53 Drug Monitoring 52 Chapter6. Environmental Health 55 Community Water Supply 55 Wastes Disposal 59 Environmental Pollution 56 Radiation Health and Environmental Radioactivity 60 Sanitation Services and Housing 58 Chapter7. OrganizationofHealth Services 63 National Health Planning 63 Health Education 67 Public Health Administration 64 Maternal and Child Health 69 Organization of Medical Care 65 Nursing 70 Health Laboratory Services 66 Health Statistics 71 Occupational Health 66 Chapter8. Education and Training 74 Chapter9. Research 78 Co- ordination of Medical Research 78 Developments in Epidemiology and Communications Science 79 - III - Page Chapter 10. Co- operation with other Organizations 81 Chapter 11. Public Information 88 Chapter 12.Constitutional, Financial and Administrative Developments 90 Constitutional and Legal 90 Administration 9I The Financial Position 90 PART II - THE REGIONS Chapter 13. African Region 97 Chapter 14.Region of the Americas 104 Chapter 15.South -East Asia Region 117 Chapter 16. European Region 125 Chapter 17.Eastern Mediterranean Region 133 Chapter 18. Western Pacific Region 140 PART III PROJECT LIST Projects in Operation in1969 150 African Region 151 Region of the Americas 164 South -East Asia Region 192 European Region 205 Eastern Mediterranean Region 216 Western Pacific Region 230 Inter -regional 242 ANNEXES 1. Members and Associate Members of the World Health Organization at 31 December1969 . 253 2.Membership of the Executive Board 254 3.Organizational and related Meetings in1969 255 4.Expert Advisory Panels and Committees 255 5. Scientific Group Meetings in1969 260 6. WHOReference Centres 260 7. WHO Collaborative Research: Contracts concluded with Institutions for Projects initiated in1969 267 1969 8. Research Grants awarded in for Training and Exchange, by Subject and Type of Grant . 268 - Iv - Page 9.Fellowships awarded, by Subject of Study and by Region 269 10. Status of Malaria Eradication at 31 December 1969 271 11.Publications issued in 1969 272 12. WHO Library Statistics, 1969 275 13.Non -governmental Organizations in Official Relations with WHO 276 14.Regular Budget for 1969 277 15.Numbers and Distribution of the Staff 278 16.Composition of the Staff by Nationality 280 17.Structure of the World Health Organization facing page 280 MAP WHO Regional Offices and the Areas they serve 96 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in the Official Records of the World Health Organization do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Director -General concerning the legal status of any country or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. -v - INTRODUCTION without any particular reference to the long -term objective of the Organization and to the steadily increasing global health needs, the balance -sheet of the activities carried out by WHO in 1969 appears to be positive.This report records impressive figures of the fight the developing countries have been leading against some of the age -old enemies of mankind. Thanks to renewed international and national efforts against smallpox there are good hopes that the current decade will see the virtual elimination of this disease as a worldwide health problem. There have also been marked advances in our eradication campaign directed against malaria. While the search for new approaches continued, the best possible use was made of old and proven methods of education and training to increase the manpower needed in every medical and allied category. By the end of WHO's second decade, over 32 000 fellowships had been awarded by the Organization to the benefit of many countries. Advances have also been made in medical research : in co- operation with innumerable medical scientists throughout the world WHO has sponsored a substantial number of projects which have enriched our knowledge of a host of unsolved problems still standing between us and adequate control of the main health hazards. This report sets forth the results achieved during the year, but it also points to areas where international solidarity, as expressed in multilateral and bilateral aid programmes, has not yet made its full contribution to the raising of the low health standards prevailing in most countries. Our greatest shortcoming still relates to the development of sound health infrastructures on which these countries can build the facilities required for the protection and promotion of the health of their citizens.Though some progress has been made, this problem of creating really solid national health infrastructures will for many years continue to tax the skill and ingenuity of those responsible for the future health of the world. Nor have we yet succeeded in meeting the challenges arising from the swift advances of science and technology that are affecting our increasingly industrialized and urbanized world.While the conquest or control of the great infectious diseases in more and more countries has been our most remarkable achieve- ment in public health, and while we have the means for eliminating many harmful factors from our surround- ings, we are still powerless to create a physical and social environment in which the quality of human life is preserved and the dignity and integrity of the individual are safeguarded. It is against this background of unsolved problems and unmet needs that my remarks on WHO's work during 1969 should be read. Seventy -nine per cent. of the population in the world's originally malarious areas are now either covered by malaria eradication programmes or have been freed from the risk of endemic malaria. During the year overall progress was made towards the goal of eradication, mainly because areas in India inhabited by thirty - five million people advanced from the consolidation to the maintenance phase. In the African Region, where malaria still constitutes a major health problem, efforts were continued to develop the basic health services.In northern Nigeria a multidisciplinary research project was launched to study the various factors involved in the transmission of malaria, with the object of developing more rational methods of interrupting transmission in savanna areas. The revised strategy of malaria eradication adopted by the Twenty- second World Health Assembly calls for diversification of methods to suit local conditions.It is clear that,
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