DOCSLIB.ORG

Environmental Health Criteria 149 Carbendazim

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Environmental Health Criteria 149 Carbendazim Environmental Health Criteria 149 Carbendazim Please note that the layout and pagination of this web version are not identical with the printed version. Carbendazim (EHC 149, 1993) INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 149 CARBENDAZIM This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, or the World Health Organization. Published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization First draft prepared by IPCS staff, using texts made available by Dr L.W. Hershberger and Dr G.T. Arce, Wilmington, Delaware, USA World Health Orgnization Geneva, 1993 The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. The main objective of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the quality of the environment. Supporting activities include the development of epidemiological, experimental laboratory, and risk-assessment methods that could produce internationally comparable results, and the development of manpower in the field of toxicology. Other activities carried out by the IPCS include the development of know-how for coping with chemical accidents, coordination of laboratory testing and epidemiological studies, and promotion of research on the mechanisms of the biological action of chemicals. WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Carbendazim. (Environmental health criteria ; 149) Page 1 of 87 Carbendazim (EHC 149, 1993) 1.Benzimidazoles - adverse effects 2.Benzimidazoles - toxicity 3.Fungicides, Industrial - adverse effects 4.Fungicides, Industrial -toxicity I.Series ISBN 92 4 157149 7 (NLM Classification: WA 240) ISSN 0250-8634 The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Applications and enquiries should be addressed to the Office of Publications, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, which will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available. (c) World Health Organization 1993 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. CONTENTS ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR CARBENDAZIM 1. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1.1. Summary 1.1.1. Identity, physical and chemical properties, and analytical methods 1.1.2. Sources of human and environmental exposure 1.1.3. Environmental transport, distribution and transformation 1.1.4. Environmental levels and human exposure 1.1.5. Kinetics and metabolism 1.1.6. Effects on laboratory mammals and in vitro test systems 1.1.7. Effects on humans 1.1.8. Effects on other organisms in the laboratory and field 1.2. Conclusions 2. IDENTITY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND ANALYTICAL METHODS Page 2 of 87 Carbendazim (EHC 149, 1993) 2.1. Identity 2.1.1. Primary constituent 2.1.2. Technical product 2.2. Physical and chemical properties 2.3. Analytical methods 3. SOURCES OF HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE 3.1. Natural occurrence 3.2. Anthropogenic sources 3.2.1. Uses 4. ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT, DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSFORMATION 4.1. Transport and distribution between media 4.1.1. Air 4.1.2. Water 4.1.3. Soil 4.1.4. Leaching 4.1.5. Crop uptake 4.2. Transformation 4.2.1. Soil biodegradation 4.2.2. Abiotic degradation 4.2.3. Bioaccumulation 5. ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND HUMAN EXPOSURE 5.1. Environmental levels 5.1.1. Air, water and soil 5.1.2. Food and feed 5.1.3. Terrestrial and aquatic organisms 5.2. General population exposure 5.2.1. Sweden 5.2.2. The Netherlands 5.2.3. National maximum residue limits 5.3. Occupational exposure during manufacture, formulation, or use 5.3.1. Exposure during manufacture 5.3.2. Exposure during use 6. KINETICS AND METABOLISM 6.1. Absorption 6.2. Distribution and accumulation 6.3. Metabolic transformation 6.4. Elimination and excretion 6.5. Reaction with body components 7. EFFECTS ON LABORATORY MAMMALS AND IN VITRO TEST SYSTEMS 7.1. Single exposure 7.2. Short-term exposure 7.2.1. Gavage 7.2.2. Feeding 7.2.2.1 Rat 7.2.2.2 Dog 7.2.3. Dermal 7.3. Skin and eye irritation; sensitization 7.3.1. Dermal 7.3.2. Eye 7.3.3. Sensitization 7.4. Long-term exposure 7.4.1. Rat 7.4.2. Dog Page 3 of 87 Carbendazim (EHC 149, 1993) 7.4.3. Mouse 7.5. Reproduction, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity 7.5.1. Reproduction 7.5.2. Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity 7.6. Mutagenicity and related end-points 7.7. Carcinogenicity 7.8. Neurotoxicity 7.9. Toxicity of contaminants 7.10. Mechanisms of toxicity - mode of action 8. EFFECTS ON HUMANS 8.1. General population exposure 8.2. Occupational exposure 9. EFFECTS ON OTHER ORGANISMS IN THE LABORATORY AND FIELD 9.1. Microorganisms 9.2. Aquatic organisms 9.3. Terrestrial organisms 9.4. Population and ecosystem effects 10. EVALUATION OF HUMAN HEALTH RISKS AND EFFECTS ON ENVIRONMENT 95 10.1. Evaluation of human health risks 10.2. Evaluation of effects on the environment 10.3. Conclusions 11. FURTHER RESEARCH 12. PREVIOUS EVALUATIONS BY INTERNATIONAL BODIES REFERENCES RESUME ET CONCLUSIONS RESUMEN Y CONCLUSIONES WHO TASK GROUP ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR BENOMYL AND CARBENDAZIM Members Dr G. Burin, Office of Pesticide Programmes, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA Dr R. Cooper, Reproductive Toxicology Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA Dr I. Desi, Department of Public Health, Albert Szent-Györgyi University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary Dr S. Dobson, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, United Kingdom Dr A. Helweg, Department for Pesticide Analysis and Ecotoxicology, Danish Research Service for Plant and Soil Science, Flakkebjerg, Slagelse, Denmark Dr M. Lotti, Institute of Occupational Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (Chairman) Dr K. Maita, Toxicology Division, Institute of Environmental Page 4 of 87 Carbendazim (EHC 149, 1993) Toxicology, Kodaira-Shi, Tokyo, Japan Dr F. Matsumura, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, California, USA Dr T.K. Pandita, Microbiology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Indiaa Dr C. Sonich-Mullin, Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Dr P.P. Yao, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing, China Secretariat Dr B.H. Chen, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland ( Secretary) Dr L.W. Hershberger, Dupont Agricultural Products, Walker's Mill, Barley Mill Plaza, Wilmington, Delaware, USA Mr P. Howe, Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood, Abbots Ripton, Huntington, United Kingdom a Invited but unable to attend the meeting NOTE TO READERS OF THE CRITERIA MONOGRAPHS Every effort has been made to present information in the criteria monographs as accurately as possible without unduly delaying their publication. In the interest of all users of the Environmental Health Criteria monographs, readers are kindly requested to communicate any errors that may have occurred to the Director of the International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, in order that they may be included in corrigenda. * * * A detailed data profile and a legal file can be obtained from the International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland (Telephone No. 7988400 or 7985850). ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR CARBENDAZIM A WHO Task Group on Environmental Health Criteria for Benomyl and Carbendazim, sponsored by the US Environmental Protection Agency, met in Cincinnati, USA, from 14 to 19 September 1992. On behalf of the host agency, Dr T. Harvey opened the meeting and welcomed the participants. Dr B.H. Chen of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) welcomed the participants on behalf of the Director, IPCS, and the three IPCS cooperating organizations (UNEP/ILO/WHO). The Task Group reviewed and revised the draft criteria monograph and made an evaluation of the risks for human health and the environment from exposure to carbendazim. The first draft of this monograph was prepared by the staff of IPCS, using texts made available by Dr L.W. Hershberger and Dr G.T. Arce, Wilmington,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 the CONCEPT and IMPLEMENTATION of CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS
    Cooperation Centre for Scientific Research Relative to Tobacco CORESTA GUIDE N° 1 The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels October 2020 Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee CORESTA TECHNICAL GUIDE N° 1 Title: The Concept and Implementation of CPA Guidance Residue Levels Status: Valid Note: This document will be periodically reviewed by CORESTA Document history: Date of review Information July 2003 Version 1 GRL for Pyrethrins () and Terbufos corrected. December 2003 CPA terminology corrected. June 2008 Version 2 – GRLs revised and residue definitions added Provisional GRL of 2.00 ppm for Cyfluthrin to replace previous June 2010 GRL of 0.50 ppm July 2013 Version 3 – GRLs revised October 2013 Note for Maleic Hydrazide revised Version 4 – GRLs revised + clarification that scope of GRLs July 2016 applies predominantly to the production of traditional cigarette tobaccos and GAP associated with their cultivation. June 2018 Fluopyram GRL of 5 ppm added to GRL list Version 5 – Nine new CPAs with GRL added to list. November 2019 Revision of GRLs for Chlorantraniliprole and Indoxacarb. Updated web links. October 2020 Version 6 – Flupyradifurone GRL of 21 ppm added to GRL list. CORESTA Guide No. 1 – October 2020 2/12 THE CONCEPT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CPA GUIDANCE RESIDUE LEVELS Executive Summary • Guidance Residue Levels (GRLs) are in the remit of the Agro-Chemical Advisory Committee (ACAC) of CORESTA. Their development is a joint activity of all ACAC members, who represent the leaf production, processing and manufacturing sectors of the Tobacco Industry. The concept of GRLs and their implementation are described in this guide. • GRLs provide guidance to tobacco growers and assist with interpretation and evaluation of results from analyses of residues of Crop Protection Agents (CPAs*).
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors
    sensors Review Recent Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors Nurul Illya Muhamad Fauzi 1, Yap Wing Fen 1,2,*, Nur Alia Sheh Omar 1,2 and Hazwani Suhaila Hashim 2 1 Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] (N.I.M.F.); [email protected] (N.A.S.O.) 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Insecticides are enormously important to industry requirements and market demands in agriculture. Despite their usefulness, these insecticides can pose a dangerous risk to the safety of food, environment and all living things through various mechanisms of action. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated use of insecticides has prompted many researchers to develop rapid, economical, uncomplicated and user-friendly analytical method for the detection of insecticides. In this regards, optical sensors are considered as favorable methods for insecticides analysis because of their special features including rapid detection time, low cost, easy to use and high selectivity and sensitivity. In this review, current progresses of incorporation between recognition elements and optical sensors for insecticide detection are discussed and evaluated well, by categorizing it based on insecticide chemical classes, including the range of detection and limit of detection. Additionally, this review aims to provide powerful insights to researchers for the future development of optical sensors in the detection of insecticides. Citation: Fauzi, N.I.M.; Fen, Y.W.; Omar, N.A.S.; Hashim, H.S. Recent Keywords: insecticides; optical sensor; recognition element Advances on Detection of Insecticides Using Optical Sensors.
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Residues : Maximum Residue Limits
    THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD TAS 9002-2013 PESTICIDE RESIDUES : MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives ICS 67.040 ISBN UNOFFICAL TRANSLATION THAI AGRICULTURAL STANDARD TAS 9002-2013 PESTICIDE RESIDUES : MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives 50 Phaholyothin Road, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900 Telephone (662) 561 2277 Fascimile: (662) 561 3357 www.acfs.go.th Published in the Royal Gazette, Announcement and General Publication Volume 131, Special Section 32ง (Ngo), Dated 13 February B.E. 2557 (2014) (2) Technical Committee on the Elaboration of the Thai Agricultural Standard on Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticide 1. Mrs. Manthana Milne Chairperson Department of Agriculture 2. Mrs. Thanida Harintharanon Member Department of Livestock Development 3. Mrs. Kanokporn Atisook Member Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health 4. Mrs. Chuensuke Methakulawat Member Office of the Consumer Protection Board, The Prime Minister’s Office 5. Ms. Warunee Sensupa Member Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Public Health 6. Mr. Thammanoon Kaewkhongkha Member Office of Agricultural Regulation, Department of Agriculture 7. Mr. Pisan Pongsapitch Member National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards 8. Ms. Wipa Thangnipon Member Office of Agricultural Production Science Research and Development, Department of Agriculture 9. Ms. Pojjanee Paniangvait Member Board of Trade of Thailand 10. Mr. Charoen Kaowsuksai Member Food Processing Industry Club, Federation of Thai Industries 11. Ms. Natchaya Chumsawat Member Thai Agro Business Association 12. Mr. Sinchai Swasdichai Member Thai Crop Protection Association 13. Mrs. Nuansri Tayaputch Member Expert on Method of Analysis 14.
    [Show full text]
  • Farmworker and Conservation Comments on Chlorpyrifos Revised
    Farmworker and Conservation Comments on Chlorpyrifos Revised Human Health Risk Assessment Earthjustice Farmworker Justice Natural Resources Defense Council Pesticide Action Network California Rural Legal Assistance Foundation Farm Labor Organizing Committee Pineros y Campesinos Unidos del Noroeste United Farm Workers April 30, 2015 EPA-HQ-OPP-2008-0850 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ 1 I. LEGAL AND REGULATORY BACKGROUND .............................................................7 A. The Overlapping Statutes Regulating Pesticide Use ...............................................7 B. EPA’s 2001 and 2006 Chlorpyrifos Determinations Failed to Address Serious Health Impacts to Children and Other Bystanders. ....................................9 C. Petitions and Litigation to Obtain EPA Action on Evidence of Chlorpyrifos Health Risks. ..........................................................................................................11 II. THE RHHRA FINDS THAT CHLORPYRIFOS CAUSES NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DAMAGE TO CHILDREN EXPOSED IN UTERO AND RETAINS A TENFOLD FQPA SAFETY FACTOR, BUT FAILED TO CONSIDER WHETHER A LARGER SAFETY FACTOR IS WARRANTED DUE TO THE DEMONSTRATED PRENATAL TOXICITY FROM EXPOSURES LOWER THAN EPA’S REGULATORY ENDPOINT. ...................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • China Releases New Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides In
    GB 2763-2016 THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Voluntary - Public Date: 3/31/2017 GAIN Report Number: CH17016 China - Peoples Republic of Post: Beijing China Releases New Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food Report Categories: FAIRS Subject Report Approved By: Lisa Anderson Prepared By: FAS Staff Report Highlights: On December 18, 2016, the Chinese National Health and Family Planning Commission, Ministry of Agriculture, China Food and Drug Administration released the National Food Safety Standard - Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Foods (GB 2763-2016). The standard will replace the current MRL Standard (GB 2763-2014) and will be implemented on June 18, 2017. This report provides an unofficial translation of the standard. Editors’ Note: The asterisk appearing in the MRL column means that the limit is a temporary MRL. A temporary MRL is usually set under the following four conditions: 1. The dietary risk assessment data is incomplete; 2. The Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) is temporary (ADI is used as the basis for MRL setting); 3. There is no surveillance or analysis method for the MRL that complies with the standard requirements; 4. In emergency situations, the pesticide is approved to be used on un-registered crops. I GB 2763-2016 General Information: BEGIN TRANSLATION ICS 65.100 G 25 GB National Standard of the People’s Republic of China GB 2763—2016 Replacing GB 2763 - 2014 National food safety standard Maximum Residue Limits for Pesticides in Food General Information: National Health and Family Planning Commission Issued by: Ministry of Agriculture China Food and Drug Administration Issued on: 2016-12-18 Implementation:2017-06-18 II GB 2763-2016 Table of Content Preface ...............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Agro-Chemical Technical with Brand Name, Application
    AGRO-CHEMICAL TECHNICAL WITH BRAND NAME, APPLICATION, DOSE AND MODE OF ACTION INSECTICIDES / ACARICIDES / MITICIDES Technical Brand Name Application Dose / Acre Mode of Action ✓ Red mite of strawberry, cotton, cucumber, potato, 50-100 1. Abamectin 1.8% EC Vertimec (Syngenta), Tagmec 1.9 EC (Tropical), ABC 1.85% EC (KR) soybean, tomato and sweet melon ml/acre, 5-10 Chloride channel activators group. Acaricide ✓ Leaf miners of sugarbeet ml/pump Starthene (Swal), Orthene (Arysta), Missile (Devidayal), Megastar (MIL), ✓ It is particularly effective on severe infestations of Lancer (UPL), Oval (PI Ind.), Rasayan Phate (KR), Acefex (Excel), sucking and chewing insects of tobacco, sugarcane, Kingmax (Vimax), Asataf (TATA), Accent 787 (Sumil), Miltaf (IIL), Bheem cotton, chilies, vegetables, fruits and cereals. 300-400 (Kilpest), Tagace (Tropical), Lucid (Cheminova), Lion (SuperCSL), Sritaf ✓ It has low toxicity to mammals and does not harm gm/acre A versatile organophosphate group insecticide 2. Acephate 75% SP (Crystal), Ortain (Coromandel), Hilphate (HIL), Ample (Advance), Rythane beneficial insects. It is easy to use, being soluble in 20-25 with both contact and systemic action. (Ramcides), Corohamp (CAPL), Topsis (Atul), Molphate (GP), Top‘O’Top water. gm/pump (CGI), King Phate (KCS), Acesul (Sulphur Mills), Vega (PCCPL), Pace ✓ Green & Brown Leafhoppers, Brown Plant Hoppers (Nagarjuna), Topsis (Atul), Tremor (BioStadt), Ace (Canary), Willace ✓ ,L,L 5M58L TYF T0T0LIF H[JL R];LIF HLJFTGF lGI\+6 (Willowood), Chettak (GSP), Archa (Amber), Bhoochal 75 (AOL) DF8[P ✓ It targets Stem borer, leaf folder & BPH on Paddy. ✓ It has strong systemic molecule and is highly soluble and longer Belongs to the Organophosphates insecticide 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicity, Biochemical and Clastogenic Response of Chlorpyrifos and Carbendazim in Milkfish Chanos Chanos
    Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2014) 11:765–774 DOI 10.1007/s13762-013-0264-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Toxicity, biochemical and clastogenic response of chlorpyrifos and carbendazim in milkfish Chanos chanos L. Palanikumar • A. K. Kumaraguru • C. M. Ramakritinan • M. Anand Received: 2 May 2012 / Revised: 11 January 2013 / Accepted: 13 March 2013 / Published online: 17 April 2013 Ó Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2013 Abstract Carbendazim and Chlorpyrifos are some of the Introduction most widespread environmental contaminants of major concern to human and animal reproductive health. Acute Pollution of aquatic ecosystem by chemicals used in industry toxicity test results for pesticides were evaluated by the and agricultural is increasing day by day. Pesticides are Probit analysis method and 96 h LC50 values for C. chanos extensively used to protect agricultural crops against the exposed to chlorpyrifos was 3.73 and 11.5 lgl-1 for damages caused by pests. Pesticides are released intention- carbendazim. Chlorpyrifos and carbendazim significantly ally into the environment and, through various processes, decreased total protein, catalase, glutathione S-transferase contaminate the environment. Three of the main classes of and acetyl choline esterase and induced lipid peroxidation. pesticides that pose a serious problem are organochlorines, Maximum effects of protein, catalase, lipid peroxidation, organophosphates and carbamates (Dyk and Pletschke 2011). acetyl choline esterase and glutathione s-transferase were The extensive use of pesticides, insecticides, herbicides and obtained in response to 23.68 lgl-1 of chlorpyrifos and fungicides is being promoted by Government of India to 43.68 lgl-1 of carbendazim. Micronuclei assay results enhance the crop production to meet the demand of the have shown increased abnormality with increasing doses of growing population (Binukumari and Subhisha 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • EVALUATION of PESTICIDE RESIDUES in SPICES First Draft Prepared by Prof
    Spices 1779 EVALUATION OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN SPICES First draft prepared by Prof. Dr. Arpad Ambrus, Hungarian Food Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary EXPLANATION The 2004 JMPR estimated maximum residue levels of pesticides in or on spices on the basis of monitoring results, and recommended that the maximum residue levels should be estimated to cover 95% of the residue population at 95% confidence level. The CCPR at its Thirty-sixth Session proposed that commodity group A028 be subdivided into sub-groups based on the parts of plants from which they are obtained – seeds, fruits or berries, roots or rhizomes, bark, buds, arils and flower stigmas – and that MRLs for pesticides that had been evaluated within the Codex system should be set for these sub-groups rather than for each of the pesticide–spice combinations15. The present Meeting followed the same principles which were applied by the 2004 JMPR and endorsed by the CCPR. Registered use of some pesticides on peppers and monitoring data on spices were submitted by Thailand16. The European Spice Association presented the results of a survey on the effect of dehydration on some fresh spices. This information was evaluated by the present Meeting. METHODS OF RESIDUE ANALYSIS The on-line multi residue methods applied for the determination of pesticide residues is based on extraction with a mixture of acetone, dichloromethane and sodium chloride water solution. The concentrated extract is cleaned up on silica gel column and detection with GC-ECD (Steinwandter, 1985). The carbendazim residues were extracted with acetone + sulphuric acid and partitioned with dichloromethane (Wong), or determined with the QUECHER method (Anastassiades et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Nota Técnica
    http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0100-4042.20150051 Quim. Nova, Vol. 38, No. 6, 848-851, 2015 PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN CONVENTIONALLY AND ORGANICALLY GROWN TOMATOES IN ESPÍRITO SANTO (BRAZIL) Gleissy M. A. D. A. dos Santosa, Luciano J. Q. Teixeirab, Olavo S. Pereira Júniorc, Alexandre R. dos Santosd, Marcio Fronzaa, Ary G. Da Silvaa e Rodrigo Scherera,* aDepartamento de Produtos Naturais, Universidade de Vila Velha, Vila Velha – ES, Brasil bDepartamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre – ES, Brasil cDepartamento de Farmácia e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora – MG, Brasil dDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre – ES, Brasil Nota Técnica Recebido em 21/11/2014; aceito em 27/02/2015; publicado na web em 01/04/2015 The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of acephate, carbaryl, carbendazim, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, fenpropathrin, methamidophos and permethrin in conventionally and organically grown tomatoes from Espírito Santo, Brazil, between May 2012 and April 2013. QuEChERS sample preparation was used and analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS. The method validation showed good linearity (R > 0.99), precision (RSD < 13%) and accuracy (89 – 123%), and the limits of quantification were below 0.01 mg kg-1 for all pesticides. The pesticides acephate, carbaryl (0.23 mg kg-1; exceeding maximum residue levels), carbendazim, chlorpyriphos, dichlorvos, fenpropathrin (0.41 mg kg-1; exceeding maximum residue levels), methamidophos and permethrin (0.51 mg kg-1, exceeding maximum residue levels) were found in conventional tomatoes. In organic tomatoes, only one sample exhibited the presence of permethrin (0.21 mg kg-1).
    [Show full text]
  • Chitosan Polymers and Plant Extracts to Develop Biofungicides
    THÈSE PRÉSENTÉE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES CHIMIQUES DE BORDEAUX SPÉCIALITÉ POLYMÈRES Anne LORON Chitosan polymers and plant extracts to develop biofungicides Sous la direction de Véronique COMA Soutenue le 26 janvier 2021 Membres du jury : M. CATHALA Bernard Directeur de recherche, INRAe Nantes Rapporteur M. MOUNIER Jérôme Professeur, LUBEM, Université de Brest Rapporteur Mme FORGET Florence Directrice de recherche, INRAe Bordeaux Examinatrice M. PERUCH Frédéric Directeur de recherche CNRS, Université de Bordeaux Président M. TABARY Nicolas Maître de conférences, UMET, Université de Lille Examinateur Mme COMA Véronique Maître de conférences HDR, Université de Bordeaux Directrice de thèse What we know is a drop, what we don't know is an ocean. Isaac NEWTON REMERCIEMENTS Je souhaiterais remercier Sébastien Lecommandoux ainsi que Henri Cramail de m’avoir permis d’effectuer ma thèse au Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques au sein de l’équipe 2. Je remercie Véronique Coma de m’avoir permis de réaliser ce travail de thèse pendant trois ans, de m’avoir laissé de la liberté dans le projet tout en restant disponible lorsque j’en avais besoin. Merci d’avoir pris le temps de minutieusement préparer les présentations orales, même si ces répétitions n’étaient pas mes moments favoris. Un grand merci à Christian pour le soutien technique, précis, discret mais considérable. Je tiens à remercier Frédérique Ham-Pichavant pour son attention et son efficacité particulièrement appréciable au N0. Je remercie également Nicolas Tabary de m’avoir accueillie au laboratoire UMET à Lille et accompagnée. Mes remerciements vont aussi à Vessela Atanasova pour son aide, ses conseils et les discussions scientifiques ou personnelles tout au long de la thèse.
    [Show full text]
  • Results of the Comparison of Commercial Certified Analytical Standard Solutions María Murcia
    COOPERATIVE STUDY CERTIFIED STANDARD SOLUTIONS María Murcia Morales Carmen Ferrer Amate Ana Lozano Fernández Amadeo R. Fernández-Alba INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The use of certified standard solutions leads to savings in time and laboratory work. However, there is not enough evidence of the quality of these solutions. The present cooperative study is aimed at verifying the comparability of different certified standard solutions. Seven participants analysed the same solutions and reported their results. PARTICIPANT LABORATORIES NRL. National Food Agency (Livsmedelsverket) NRL. NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority NRL. Laboratorio Arbitral Agroalimentario NRL. AGES - Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety. Department for Pesticide and Food Analysis (PLMA) Eurofins SiCA AgriQ SLU Laboratorio Agroalimentario de Valencia EURL for Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables University of Almería TEST ITEMS 4 certified standard solutions prepared by external specialised firms All of them containing 28 LC-amenable pesticides included in the scope of the EU-MACP 2,4-D Emamectin benzoate Abamectin Fenamiphos-sulfoxide Acephate Fenthion Certified concentration 50 mg/L Acetamiprid Fipronil Ametoctradin Haloxyfop Benomyl Kresoxim methyl Bromuconazole Malathion Bupirimate Methiocarb sulfone Carbaryl Omethoate Carbendazim Procymidone Carbosulfan Protioconazole-desthio Cyromazine Spinosad Demeton-S-methylsulfoxide Thiobencarb Diuron Triadimefon PROCEDURE December 2017 – February 2018 Preparation of solutions Diluted to 1
    [Show full text]
  • NIOSH Method 5601: Organonitrogen Pesticides
    ORGANONITROGEN PESTICIDES 5601 FORMULAE: Figure 1 MW: Table 1 CAS: Table 1 RTECS: Table 1 METHOD: 5601, Issue 1 EVALUATION: FULL Issue 1: 15 January 1998 OSHA : Table 1 PROPERTIES: Table 1 NIOSH: Table 1 ACGIH: Table 1 NAMES and SYNONYMS: (Table 1) Aldicarb Benomyl Captan Carbaryl Carbendazim Carbofuran Chlorprophan Diuron Formetanate Methiocarb Methomyl Oxamyl Propham Propoxur Thiobencarb SAMPLING MEASUREMENT SAMPLER: FILTER/SOLID SORBENT TUBE TECHNIQUE: HPLC, UV detection (OVS-2 Tube: 13-mm quartz fiber filter; XAD-2, 270 mg/140 mg) ANALYTE: organonitrogen pesticides (Table 1) FLOW RATE: 0.1 to 1 L/min [1] EXTRACTION: 2 mL extraction solution (0.2% V/V 0.1 M aqueous triethylamine phosphate buffer in VOL-MIN: variable (see Table 2) acetonitrile, pH 6.9 to 7.1) -MAX: 480 L INJECTION VOLUME: 5 µL SHIPMENT: routine MOBILE PHASE A: 2% 1-propanol in aqueous 0.02 M SAMPLE triethylamine phosphate (pH 6.9 to 7.1) STABILITY: at least 30 days @ -12 C [1] MOBILE PHASE B: 2% 1-propanol in acetonitrile at least 7 days @ 24 C [1] PROGRAM: mobile phase B, 3 to 95% in 30 min, hold BLANKS: 2 to 10 field blanks per set 95% 5 min COLUMN: NOVA-PAK® C-18, 30 cm x 3.9-mm ID, or ACCURACY equivalent; ambient temperature (Table 3) RANGE STUDIED: Table 2 DETECTOR: UV absorption at 200 and 225 nm BIAS: Table 2 CALIBRATION: solutions of analytes in extraction fluid RANGE: Table 2 OVERALL PRECISION ( rT): Table 2 ACCURACY: Table 2 ESTIMATED LOD: Table 2 PRECISION ( r): Table 2 APPLICABILITY: The working ranges (Table 2) for aldicarb, carbofuran, and oxamyl range from 0.5 to 10 times the OSHA PEL.
    [Show full text]