If Rumors Were Horses Ensuring Access to Government Information

c/o Katina Strauch Post Office Box 799 Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482

ALA MIDWINTER issue TM

volume 29, number 6 DECEMBER 2017 - JANUARY 2018

ISSN: 1043-2094 “Linking Publishers, Vendors and Librarians” Ensuring Access to Government Information by Shari Laster (Head, Open Stack Collections, Arizona State University) and Lynda Kellam (Social Science Data Librarian, University of North Carolina at Greensboro)

n the United States, the dominant paradigm collect, describe, and preserve federal govern- that connect a specialized group of publishers of research libraries as content managers ment information in print and digital formats, — government agencies — with libraries as Ifor print government documents and access much of it in partnership with the U.S. Gov- content stewards. Libraries are collaborating portals for digital government information ernment Publishing Office (GPO) and other with partners to explore new methods and ap- and data took a substantial turn in late government agencies, received renewed proaches to solving a persistent problem: how 2016. With the change in Presidential attention, even as new energy poured can we ensure that government information administration, academics, journalists, into experimental and transformative will be freely available to the public for the and other constituencies whose work models for capturing digital content at foreseeable future? relies on uninterrupted access to federal risk for loss from trusted public sources. The Federal Depository Library Pro- information expressed concern about News outlets featured and valorized gram (FDLP) continues important work that the specter of political threats to the work of library and information is now over two centuries old. Implemented data and information produced professionals in safeguarding the by the GPO, the FDLP serves as a model of and disseminated with public public’s right to know, even as li- distributed access to print federal documents, funding. In particular, public braries and public advocacy groups one that has resulted in de facto preservation. access to climate and environ- scrambled to organize hundreds of Participating libraries agree to accept copies mental data was suddenly seen enthusiastic volunteers eager to of information dissemination products, and in as fragile and vulnerable. save government information. exchange make them freely available to the The response over the past This issue of Against the Grain public for as long as the materials are in their year has been, frankly, remark- is an attempt to capture the net- continued on page 8 able. Longstanding library work to work of projects and relationships What To Look For In This Issue: If Rumors Were Horses Social Media in Education, Healthcare, and Marketing...... 45 EMINDER!!!!! We have moved. Our Citadel mail will NOT BE FORWARDED The Charlotte Initiative E-Book TO US ANYMORE! Yesterday, I got three renewals from companies that should Symposium...... 51 Rhave used the new address! They know about it. If you use the wrong address in the Time: Your Best Friend or Your Worst future, your mail will probably be returned to you or trashed! THE NEW ADDRESS IS Enemy...... 69 PO BOX 799, 1712 Thompson Avenue, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482! Thanks, everybody! Agile Management of Electronic And HAPPY NEW YEAR!! Resources: A Charleston Conference We are starting 2018 with some column editor changes! Listen up! Presentation...... 71 Tom Gilson our long time editor of From the Interviews Reference Desk has decided to give it up and devote more time to ATG, the Charleston Con- Jon Cawthorne...... 52 ference and ATGMedia our new venture. Tom Profiles Encouraged began and edited this column for 20 years! Thank Up and Comer Profiles...... 79 you, Tom, for your many reviews! People Profiles...... 90 Just off the phone with Nicolette Warisse So- Company Profiles...... 92 sulski of the Portage Public Library who will take over From the Reference Desk beginning in April. Library Profiles...... 93 What a delightful conversation we had! Nicolette Plus more...... See inside is from Louisville (can’t say it the way she does)! She is the Business and Reference Librarian at Joyce Dixon Fyle and her posse during Portage District Library in Michigan, as well as the DineArounds at the 2017 Charleston Conference! continued on page 6 1043-2094(201712/201801)29:6;1-E

Against The Grain Against the Grain (ISSN: 1043-2094) (USPS: 012-618), TABLE OF CONTENTS Copyright 2017 by the name Against the Grain, LLC is published six times a year in February, April, June, September, v.29 #6 December 2017 - January 2018 © Katina Strauch November, and December/January by Against the Grain, LLC. Business and Editorial Offices: PO Box 799, 1712 ISSUES, NEWS, & GOINGS ON Thompson Ave., Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. Accounting and Circulation Offices: same. Call (843-509-2848) to Rumors...... 1 Letters to the Editor...... 6 subscribe. Periodicals postage is paid at Charleston, SC. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Against the From Your Editor...... 6 Deadlines...... 6 Grain, LLC, PO Box 799, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. Editor: FEATURES Katina Strauch (College of Charleston) Ensuring Access to Government Information Associate Editors: Guest Editors, Lynda Kellam and Shari Laster Cris Ferguson (Murray State) Tom Gilson (College of Charleston) Ensuring Access to Government End of Term 2016 Presidential Web John Riley (Consultant) Information...... 1 Archive...... 27 Research Editors: Judy Luther (Informed Strategies) by Shari Lasiter and Lynda Kellam — As by Mark E. Phillips and Kristy K. Phillips stewards of our informational heritage, librar- — Anecdotally, evidence exists that the data Assistants to the Editor: Ileana Strauch ies need to develop and implement proactive available on the federal web changes after each Toni Nix (Just Right Group, LLC) and collaborative measures to ensure that election cycle. Until 2004, nothing had been Editor At Large: government information will continue to be done to document this change. Dennis Brunning (Arizona State University) available to all. Maintaining Access to Public Data.....30 Contributing Editors: “Issued for Gratuitous Distribution”....12 Lessons from Data Refuge by Margaret Glenda Alvin (Tennessee State University) Rick Anderson (University of Utah) The History of Fugitive Documents and Janz — The Data Refuge project began in Sever Bordeianu (U. of New Mexico) the FDLP by James R. Jacobs — “Fugitive December 2016 after fellows in the PPEH grew Todd Carpenter (NISO) documents” are those publications that are concerned about how the incoming presidential Bryan Carson (Western Kentucky University) supposed to be within the scope of the FDLP administrations might find ways to limit access Eleanor Cook (East Carolina University) but were not distributed to libraries by GPO. to federal climate and environmental data. Anne Doherty (Choice) Ruth Fischer (SCS / OCLC) State of State Documents...... 18 Documentation as Data Rescue...... 33 Michelle Flinchbaugh (U. of MD Baltimore County) by Susanne Caro — State documents that are Restoring a Collection of Canadian Health Joyce Dixon-Fyle (DePauw University) Laura Gasaway (Retired, UNC, Chapel Hill) deemed to be of long-term value must be orga- Survey Files by Kristi Thompson — In 2014, Regina Gong (Lansing Community College) nized, stored, made accessible, and the spaces the Canadian Directive on Open Government Chuck Hamaker (UNC, Charlotte) housing these collections must be maintained. came into effect, requiring that data be “re- William M. Hannay (Schiff, Hardin & Waite) leased in accessible and reusable formats.” Mark Herring (Winthrop University) The Collaborative Federal Depository Bob Holley (Retired, Wayne State University) Program...... 22 Data Mirror: Complementing Data Donna Jacobs (MUSC) ASERL’s Plan for Managing FDLP Collec- Producers...... 35 Lindsay Wertman (IGI Global) Ramune Kubilius (Northwestern University) tions in the Southeast by Cheryle Cole-Ben- by John Chodacki — Data Mirror is a col- Myer Kutz (Myer Kutz Associates, Inc.) nett — Today, 222 FDLP participating laborative project between the University of Tom Leonhardt libraries in the southeast actively address the California Curation Center (UC3) and Code Rick Lugg (SCS / OCLC) increasing cost of managing, preserving, and for Science & Society (CSS). Jack Montgomery (Western Kentucky University) providing print and digital access to critical Preservation of Electronic Government Bob Nardini (ProQuest) collections through ASERL’s CFDP. Jim O’Donnell (Arizona State University) Information (PEGI) Project...... 36 Ann Okerson (Center for Research Libraries) The HathiTrust Federal Documents Rita Ricketts (Blackwell’s) by Roberta Sittel — The PEGI Project is a Jared Seay (College of Charleston) Program...... 23 two-year initiative aimed at addressing nation- Towards a Digital U.S. Federal Documents al concerns around the collection and preser- ATG Proofreader: Rebecca Saunders (College of Charleston) Library at Scale by Heather Christenson — vation of born-digital government information The HathiTrust Federal Documents Program for long-term public use. Graphics: Bowles & Carver, Old English Cuts & Illustrations. seeks to build the digital collection, and enrich Remembering...... 16 Grafton, More Silhouettes. Ehmcke, Graphic Trade discovery and access for end users. Edward W. Colleran (1958 - 2017) Symbols By German Designers. Grafton, Ready-to-Use Federal Documents Archive...... 26 Old-Fashioned Illustrations. The Chap Book Style. Op Ed...... 50 A Model for Preserving and Providing Ac- Production & Ad Sales: Educators, Not Engineers, Should Lead the Toni Nix, Just Right Group, LLC., P.O. Box 412, cess to U.S. Documents at The University of Cottageville, SC 29435, phone: 843-835-8604 California by Jesse Silva — FedDocArc is an Fight Against Fake News by Adam Blackwell fax: 843-835-5892 immense undertaking among the UC Libraries: Back Talk...... 94 Advertising information: the ten campuses have committed to retaining When Your New Best Friend is a Rattlesnake Toni Nix, phone: 843-835-8604, fax: 843-835-5892 one shared print copy and one shared digital by Jim O’Donnell — Provisional go-ahead copy, via HathiTrust, of every U.S. document has been given on the renovation of the 1966 Publisher: we hold in our collection. A. Bruce Strauch Hayden Library tower at ASU. Send correspondence, press releases, etc., to: ATG SPECIAL REPORT Katina Strauch, Editor, Against the Grain, LLC, Post Office Box 799, Sullivan’s Island, SC The Charlotte Initiative E-Book Symposium...... 51 29482. phone: 843-723-3536, cell: 843-509-2848. by Rebecca Lenzini — The two-year project has come to a close, with the final report due Against the Grain is indexed in Library Literature, LISA, December 2017. Participants of the grant shared their findings, with the goal of helping to Ingenta, and The Informed Librarian. continue the conversations begun during the investigations. Authors’ opinions are to be regarded as their own. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ATG INTERVIEWS & PROFILES This issue was produced on an iMac using Microsoft Word, and Adobe CS6 Premium software under Jon Cawthorne...... 52 Profiles Encouraged...... 79 Mac OS X Mountain Lion. Against the Grain is copyright ©2017 Dean of the University Library System, In this issue we have many up and comer and peo- by Katina Strauch Wayne State University ple profiles, plus one company and library profile. 4 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 ALA MIDWINTER Issue REVIEWS “Linking Publishers, Vendors Book Reviews...... 38 Wryly Noted...... 44 Monograph Musings by Regina Gong — In Books About Books by John Riley — A look and Librarians” this issue books reviewed include Linked Data inside Paper: Paging Through History by for Cultural Heritage; Managing Metadata Mark Kurlansky. in Web-Scale Discovery Systems; plus more. Collecting to the Core...... 45 Booklover...... 42 Social Media in Education, Healthcare, and Draft by Donna Jacobs — Albert Camus and Marketing by Anamika Megwalu — Books The First Man. we need to keep in our collections. Uncommon ... LEGAL ISSUES Against the Grain is your key to Edited by Bryan Carson, Bruce Strauch, and Jack Montgomery the latest news about libraries, publishers, book jobbers, and Legally Speaking...... 47 Questions and Answers...... 48 subscription agents. ATG is a unique Facing Up To Facebook by Bill Hannay — Copyright Column by Laura N. Gasaway — collection of reports on the issues, This is about “friending people on Facebook. Many relevant questions and answers. Read about literature, and people that impact Watch out! works created through artificial intelligence. the world of books, journals, and electronic information. PUBLISHING Bet You Missed It...... 10 Random Ramblings...... 57 Unconventional ... by Bruce Strauch — What do Babar and Peer Reviewing of Articles from Third ATG is published six times a year, Richard Gere have in common? Read about World Countries: My Personal Experience in February, April, June, September, it here! by Bob Holley — Bob has three radical solu- November, and December/January. tions to this problem. Read on! A six-issue subscription is available Little Red Herrings...... 55 for only $55 U.S. ($65 Canada, $90 SAVE THE INTERNET! by Mark Y. And They Were There...... 59 foreign, payable in U.S. dollars), Herring — Some points to ponder about net Reports of Meetings — A report on NMLA making it an uncommonly good buy neutrality. 2017 and the final batch of reports from the for all that it covers. Make checks The Scholarly Publishing Scene...... 56 2016 Charleston Conference can be found here. payable to Against the Grain, LLC Annual PROSE Awards Science and Math Don’s Conference Notes...... 77 and mail to: Books Roundup by Myer Kutz — Myer lets Racing to the Crossroads: The 32nd Annual Against the Grain us in on his work as a PROSE judge. NASIG Conference by Donald T. Hawkins — c/o Katina Strauch Steve Oberg is reporting for Don in this issue. Post Office Box 799 Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482 BOOKSELLING AND VENDING *Wire transfers are available, email for details, Biz of Acq...... 65 Collection Management Matters...... 70 however, credit cards are the preferred Evidence-based Collection Development Time is Filled with Swift Transitions by alternative to checks ($25 fee applies). on a Large Scale: A Use Factor Allocation Glenda Alvin — When dealing with new Formula by Cindy Shirkey — This article library faculty, it’s best to show some respect addresses the distribution of monographic for the experiences that they bring to the job, acquisitions funds which cover the purchase and show flexibility. of one-time materials such as books, scores, Optimizing Library Services...... 71 eBooks and DVDs. Agile Management of Electronic Resources: Being Earnest with Collections...... 67 A Charleston Conference Presentation by Getting to Yes: Employing the Harvard Geraldine Rinna — West Michigan Uni- Negotiation Project’s Method of Principled versity Libraries ERM unit experienced some Negotiation by Claire Dygert — Claire major changes after a platform migration, that provides clear guidelines and best practices afforded many opportunities to take on new for librarians to follow when negotiating with challenges, but also increased workload past vendors. the point of sustainability. Both Sides Now: Vendors and Let’s Get Technical...... 76 Librarians...... 69 All Hands-on Deck: Collaborating Across Time: Your Best Friend or Your Worst Ene- Library Units to Tackle Streaming Media my by Michael Gruenberg — Mike gives his Ordering by Mary Wahl — A few elements vote to the importance of the telephone. that contributed to a collaboration in developing a decision tree workflow for purchasing streaming media. TECHNOLOGY AND STANDARDS Library Analytics: Shaping the Wandering the Web...... 74 Future...... 72 Backpacking, Hiking, Trekking, and Run- How Analytics Helped Smith College Dis- ning on Trails in the United States by Joseph cover the Best Bento by John McDonald and Shankweiler — As outdoor sports activities Kathleen McEvoy — This month’s column continue to grow in popularity, two areas that features a project that leveraged analytics have seen some of the most growth in recent around user behavior to inform design deci- years are trail hiking and running. Name ______Address ______City State Zip ______Company Phone ______Email ______sions around Library Discovery. Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 5 From Your (enough! Snow!) Editor:

t has been cold as you-know-where here in is. There are articles about fugitive docu- to keep us in the Charleston! I have been saying that I will ments, the issue of state document collecting, know! Inever ever complain about the heat down ASERL’s plan for managing a collaborative Our interview here again. (Well, maybe.) All of the offices federal depository collection, the HathiTrust this time is with and bedrooms had to be closed up to trap the federal documents program, the University of Jon Cawthorne, heat inside. I admit that we are wimps. Usu- California documents program, the data rescue Dean of the Uni- ally the thermometer doesn’t go as low as 30 program in Canada, the data mirror project, versity Library degrees fahrenheit and when it dips to 20 we preservation of electronic information. Did System, Wayne don’t like it at all. But it has been 20 only for you ever think about what happens to Presiden- State University at least two straight weeks! Boo! tial documents when Presidents change? One who David Parker (ASP) discovered in his However, despite blizzard et al, Lynda Kel- of the papers is about that. I didn’t think about series of articles for ATG on consolidation (on lam and Shari Laster have done a masterful that, but thank heavens there are government the ATG NewsChannel and in earlier print job on this issue covering Ensuring Access documents librarians who care about such editions). The Op Ed is by Adam Blackwell for Government Information. As we all things! I am very impressed about fake news and Jim O’Donnell seems know, this is a frequently neglect- by all the work that goes into to be taming a rattlesnake as well making the ed area of librarianship being a documents librarian. print collection discoverable, Becky Lenzini for several reasons Thank Lynda and Shari reports on the Charlotte Initiative and the but what a ground- and their group of authors awesome work being done on the future of breaking issue this who have done their best eBooks. Regina Gong arranges many book reviews as do Donna Jacobs, Anne Doherty, and John Riley. I am especially excited to share our UP AND COMERS profiles! Leah and Tom and Erin are scheduling podcasts with them Letters to the Editor even as I write. Send letters to , phone or fax 843-723-3536, or snail mail: As always Bill Hannay lets us in on an im- Against the Grain, Post Office Box 799, Sullivan’s Island, SC 29482. You can also send portant issue — facing up to facebook, Mark a letter to the editor from the ATG Homepage at http://www.against-the-grain.com. Herring wants to save the Internet. Lolly Gasaway has questions and answers, Myer Kutz tells us about the PROSE awards, Bob Holley about peer review, and there are articles Dear Editor: Dear Editor: on agile management of electronic resources, Letter Addressed to Katina and Leah. Letter Addressed to Santa. collaboration across library units, managing time, library analytics, and much, much more! A huge thank you for all the assistance in We respectfully request that you keep the attending the 2017 Charleston Conference! I snow up in the North Pole where it belongs! Wait! They are calling for snow tomorrow had a wonderful Conference ex- We down here don’t have the equipment or the — again? NO! Where is summer? perience — learning new things expertise to deal with deep snowfalls or way Happy New Year! Yr. Ed. and meeting many new people. I below freezing temperatures. Thanks for hope to attend next year as well. understanding. It really was terrific. Thank you Cordially, again! We in the warmer regions. Sincerely, Rumors Nancy George from page 1 (Salem State University) a staff chat reference librarian for the public and academic queues for the QuestionPoint 24/7 Reference service. Her passion for AGAINST THE GRAIN DEADLINES reference revealed itself early at the iSchool at the University of Washington, where she VOLUME 30 — 2018-2019 received her MLIS, having taken nine reference courses in pursuit of her degree. In 2011 Nico- 2018 Events Issue Ad Reservation Camera-Ready lette was awarded the Gale Cengage Award Annual Report, PLA February 2018 01/04/18 01/18/18 for Excellence in Business Librarianship. Nicolette is actively involved in RUSA, and MLA, SLA, Book Expo April 2018 02/15/18 03/08/18 has served on several committees, including ALA Annual June 2018 04/05/18 04/26/18 the Dartmouth Medal Committee. She is on the editorial board for RUSQ where she also Reference Publishing September 2018 06/14/18 07/05/18 co-edits a column, “A Reference for That” with Charleston Conference November 2018 08/16/18 09/06/18 Dave Tyckoson. She writes a column, “Real ALA Midwinter Dec. 2018-Jan. 2019 11/08/18 11/26/18 Life Reference” for Booklist, and contributed to Reimagining Reference in the 21st Century, FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT edited by David A. Tyckoson and John G. Toni Nix ; Phone: 843-835-8604; Fax: 843-835-5892; Dove, (Charleston Insights, Purdue University Press). Nicolette has presented at many con- USPS Address: P.O. Box 412, Cottageville, SC 29435; FedEx/UPS ship to: 398 Crab ferences on business reference, the reference Apple Lane, Ridgeville, SC 29472. interview, and chat reference, and has guest continued on page 8

6 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018

Rumors from page 6

lectured in MLIS programs on these topics. Her other passions/pastimes include cookbook ke a closer look at.... collecting and wrangling her two sons, Peter Ta and Nick, and two dogs, Pandora and Penelope. Wow! Looking forward to April! And many thanks to Dave Tyckoson and Tom Gilson for recruiting Nicolette! Regina Gong, our incredibly efficient The CHARLESTON REPORT and industrious Monograph Musings book reviewer, is stepping down after three years Business Insights into the Library Market with the June 2018 issue of ATG. Regina has just been formally accepted into the PhD You Need The Charleston Report... Program in the Higher, Adult, and Lifelong Education (HALE) at Michigan State Uni- if you are a publisher, vendor, product developer, merchandiser, versity (MSU). This is her dream. She starts consultant or wholesaler who is interested in improving in the fall 2018 semester. Regina’s research fellowship from the Open Education Group and/or expanding your position in the U.S. library market. was a big help to her in making this decision. Needless to say, we are disappointed to lose 00 Regina but are happy that she is taking the Subscribe today at our discounted rate of only $75. opportunity to pursue her dream. Regina did a great job, bringing a truly professional approach to Monograph Musings in each and The Charleston Company every issue. Regina plans to guest edit a future 6180 East Warren Avenue, Denver, CO 80222 issue of ATG on OER. And perhaps another possible topic for her is the role of academic Phone: 303-282-9706 • Fax: 303-282-9743 libraries in adult and lifelong education continued on page 16

Ensuring Access to Government ... Christenson. By leveraging HathiTrust and ing a mirror of the U.S. government portal from page 1 relying on long-standing close consortial ties for datasets. UC3 Director John Chodacki among University of California libraries, the describes the rationale for Data Mirror, which collections. Some libraries with notably rich UC system is adopting a new approach to man- also backs up the datasets cataloged in data. historical collections have kept this promise aging its government documents collections. gov. Finally, many government information for well over a century. Of course, libraries Jesse Silva describes the Federal Document professionals and others have recognized the can only preserve what they have been able to Archive or FedDocArc, which encompasses need to continue conversations about issues collect, and as James R. Jacobs writes, vast both print and digitized volumes and aspires with electronic government information, es- numbers of fugitive documents have resulted to be a comprehensive collection for all UC pecially with stakeholders outside of libraries. from both accidental and deliberate gaps in the campuses. Roberta Sittel in her article on the Preserving mechanisms used to identify and disseminate Other partnerships do not rely on consortial Electronic Government Information (PEGI) official content. For content managed in a ties, but instead bring together those able to Project discusses an Institute of Museum and smaller network, as with state government do important work with those willing to help. Library Services (IMLS)-funded program information, these gaps can be exacerbated by The End of Term Project, discussed by Mark to coordinate and conduct national discussion funding issues and other challenges inherent to Phillips and Kristy Phillips, is a collaborative forums bringing together librarians and stake- scale. Susanne Caro identifies many of the effort with university, government, and not-for- holders, such as historians and scientists, to ways in which print and digital state informa- profits partnering to capture a comprehensive discuss possibilities and challenges. tion can become at risk of loss. snapshot of the federal web presence at the Throughout these articles a common theme Partnerships among federal depository end of every Presidential administration. Data is the need for both targeted and widespread libraries are making important strides in ac- Rescue became an enormous success in late partnerships to tackle barriers to long-term cess and preservation for federal information. 2016 and early 2017 as it brought the work of public access to government information. The Association of Southeastern Research collecting federal data products to research- The dissemination and preservation of gov- Libraries (ASERL) has developed its own ers, students, and members of the public who ernment information is not only a concern for network of libraries that are building fo- wanted to help save government information. government agencies or documents librarians. cused, comprehensive depository collections. Margaret Janz describes the development of Research libraries should be concerned as According to the Coordinator of ASERL’s DataRefuge and highlights the accomplish- well: after all, if public information is no Collaborative Federal Depository Pro- ments of this movement. longer available to the public, the research gram, Cheryle Cole-Bennett, the benefits Among Canadian data librarians, a focused that depends on it will no longer be possible. of this project are accruing throughout the project succeeded in reuniting data with the As stewards of our informational heritage, region. The HathiTrust Digital Library has information needed to interpret and use it. libraries need to develop and implement pro- launched a focused program for building its The model outlined by Kristi Thompson active and collaborative measures to ensure collections of digitized federal documents, demonstrates the benefits of cooperating with that government information will continue to work described by the Program Officer for data producers. Similarly, the University of be available for all. Federal Documents and Collections, Heather California Curation Center (UC3) is pilot-

8 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018

Bet You Missed It Press Clippings — In the News — Carefully Selected by Your Crack Staff of News Sleuths Column Editor: Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus)

Editor’s Note: Hey, are y’all reading this? If you know of an article that should be called to Against the Grain’s attention ... send an email to . We’re listening! — KS

GOOD-FOR-YOU FOOD IS GOOD AGAIN BABAR’S LAST BOW by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus) by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus) The wall between health food and haute cuisine has been kicked Jean de Brunhoff created “The Story of Babar” in 1931 and fol- down. Fat is back, and veggie dishes are often the best on the menu. lowed it with six more. His son, Laurent, a more gifted artist, continued (Think char-roasted cabbage with gooseberry dressing, hazelnuts and the series with 50 of his own. The latest, Barbar’s Guide to Paris, will ricotta). Tumeric, chia seeds and kimchi are part of the global power- be the final book. house of nutrition. Laurent is 92, has lived in Connecticut with his American wife for 32 Much of this trend can be traced to Sally Fallon’s Nourishing years. Phillis Rose wrote the text for the books and Laurent illustrated. Traditions (New Trends Publishing, 1995). It charted the good health Babar and the Little Prince are the most enduring characters of of traditional cultures worldwide. Butter and other saturated fats were French children’s literature. okay. Meat was okay. It was all a question of balance. See — Tunku Varadarajan, “Babar the Elephant Takes His Final See — Mari Uyehara, “Tune Into the Tumeric Age,” The Wall Bow,” The Wall Street Journal, Nov. 25-26, 2017, p. A11. Street Journal, Sept. 16-17, 2017, p.D10.

STYLIN’ PLUTOCRAT PROBLEMS: FAKE ART ANXIETY by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus) by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus) 37 years ago, Richard Gere became a star in American Gigolo Being duped by an art forger is the ultimate humiliation for the rich (1980). He did sit-ups while hanging upside down from a bar. Worked snob. Yet it’s so common that any serious collector has been stung at as an escort. Wore a wardrobe by Giorgio Armani. least once. Although he never wore it in the movie, he gave interviews in a Nicholas Taubman bought a Clyfford Still for $4.3 million that had camel hair polo coat — belted, large lapels turned up in the back. And been created by a starving artist in his Queens’ garage. Alec Baldwin you too can have one for around $4,000. is suing Mary Boone over a Ross Bleckner. John McEnroe and Wall See — Jacob Gallagher, “Not Just a ‘Gigolo,’” The Wall Street Street titan Andrew Hall were ripped off. Journal, Nov. 11-12, 2017, p. D3. The FBI estimates that of the $6 billion spent worldwide each year on art, 75% is fake. Is that truly possible? At any rate, some people like hanging fake art and humble-boasting of how much they lost. Or they know their guests won’t spot their art LET’S READ ABOUT VILLAINS as fake. Aristotle Onassis hung fake Goyas on his yacht. by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus) Reformed forger Ken Perenyi says he does better now than when Thomas Harris, Red Dragon (1981) (serial killer Hannibal Lecter); he was a counterfeiter. He’ll see his work in a magazine hanging over (2) Cornell Woolrich, The Bride Wore Black (1940) (Groom is mur- someone’s fireplace. dered. Bride sets out to get his killers. Woolrich was a deeply troubled See — Ben Ryder Howe, “Wall of Shame,” Town & Country, Oct. and deeply productive author. Lots of Hollywood work. Think Rear 2017, p.110. Window.); (3) Melville Davisson Post, The Strange Schemes of Ran- dolph Mason (1896) (Randolph Mason, rogue lawyer. Erle Stanley Gardner named Perry Mason for him.); (4) Donald Westlake, The Hot Rock (1970) (Comic bumbling thief whose schemes all go wrong.); (5) Sax Rohmer, The Insidious Dr. Fu-Manchu (1913) (Is this the first one? PROTESTANT BEER REFORM Rohmer wrote a dozen about the arch-villain over 40 years.) by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus) See — Otto Penzler, “Five Best,” The Wall Street Journal, Nov. In the 16th century, the Catholic church controlled beer production 11-12, 2017, p.C10. through its monopoly on gruit, a mix of herbs and botanicals (sweet gale, mug wort, yarrow, ground ivy, heather, rosemary, juniper berries, ginger, cinnamon). This provided both flavor and preservation. A 12th century German mystic and abbess, CHARLESTON LIBRARY SOCIETY FOUNDING Hildegard, didn’t care for hops, and the church by Bruce Strauch (The Citadel, Emeritus) followed her direction. But with gruit, the head In 1748, craving connection to a more civilized England, 19 young on the beer quickly went flat. men founded the first library in Charles Town. For a shared library fund, Enter Martin Luther who quite liked the they kicked in five shillings a week, but a missed meeting brought a five flavor of hops. And they were tax free. pound fine. Their seal featured Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom and sponsor of the arts. Guttenberg broke the Catholic church’s hold on the Bible; Luther did the same for Their membership grew to 100 by 1750. The library on lower King beer. Street still exists with 3,000 members. See — Nina Martyris, NPR, Oct. 31, 2017. See — Leah Rhyne, “How 19 young men founded The Charleston Library Society,” The Charleston Mercury, Nov. 2017, p.26.

10 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Visit us at ALA Midwinter Booth # 1922

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Built on the Johns Hopkins University campus “Issued for Gratuitous Distribution”: The History of Fugitive Documents and the FDLP by James R. Jacobs (U.S. Government Information Librarian, Stanford University)

“A popular government without popular information, entities; 2) it catalogs, indexes, prints, and distributes or “deposits” or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce, them in libraries; and 3) libraries receive documents and provide access and services for the public. Even though nearly all government or a tragedy, or perhaps both.” — James Madison information disseminated today is born-digital, the acts of collecting, describing, giving access to, and preserving documents remain critical. The head of each executive de- The scope of the FDLP consists of a large swath of pub- partment, independent agency and lished materials from all three branches of government, includ- establishment of the Government shall ing publications from the 440-some-odd executive agencies deliver to [the Director of the Gov- and commissions, Congressional bills, committee hearings, ernment Publishing Office] a copy of committee prints, House and Senate documents and reports, every document issued or published and the publications, reports, and opinions of the federal courts. by the department, bureau, or office GPO states that the scope of the FDLP includes “publications not confidential in character. — 44 U.S. having public interest or educational value.” The scope rules Code § 1710 https://www.law.cornell. exclude publications classified for reasons of national security, edu/uscode/text/44/1710 and publications issued for strictly administrative or operational 5 Government publications … shall purposes which have no public interest or educational value. be made available to depository li- “Fugitive documents” are those publications that are braries through the facilities of the supposed to be within the scope of the FDLP but were not Superintendent of Documents for distributed to libraries by GPO. Almost from the beginning, public information. Each component the issue of fugitive documents has been a fact of life for de- of the Government shall furnish the pository libraries. While government information librarians Superintendent of Documents a list of tend to think of fugitives as random documents that have such publications it issued during the mistakenly fallen through GPO’s cataloging and indexing or previous month, that were obtained distribution nets, the reality is not as clear-cut as that. It may from sources other than the Govern- Monthly Catalog (MoCat), come as a surprise to some, but GPO has never had a monopoly ment Publishing Office. — 44 U.S. March, 1895: http://freegovinfo. on government printing, despite the agency’s authority under Code § 1902 https://www.law.cornell. info/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/ Title 44. There are whole classes of fugitives that were not edu/uscode/text/44/1902 Mocat-1895_00003-cropped.jpg distributed to FDLP libraries by GPO, though some have made their way into libraries despite this, usually at much cost and staff time. These include: he U.S. government is the largest publisher in the world. Every- BLOCKED documents like Congressional Research Service one quotes James Madison — or misquotes him for good cause1 (CRS) reports that the Library of Congress presents as “priv- — in philosophizing about and arguing for free public access ileged communication” between Congress and CRS, though T they are a regular and unclassified part of the legislative process. to government information. In fact, this is one of the foundations on which is built the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP). The Since 1916, these reports have been sold to libraries in bulk by FDLP has been in place in one form or another since 1813 when the University Publications of America (UPA), then LexisNexis, U.S. Congress found it necessary and expedient to enlist libraries to and now ProQuest as well as individually by publishers like the cause of public access to public information by and about the U.S. Penny Hill Press. They are also “leaked” online and collected government. And for almost five decades, this system of public access together by aggregators such as everyCRSreport.com and Stan- to privately published documents stayed intact. ford University Library (archive-it.org/collections/1078). The Government Publishing Office (GPO), then known as the SPECIALIZED formats like maps, aerial photos, and nautical Government Printing Office, began operations on March 4, 1861 because and aeronautical charts. Many of these 19th and early 20th of the inherent problems, varying quality, and increasing expense of century materials, especially from local or regional offices, were relying on private publishers for public information.2 The Printing Act only regularly distributed to FDLP libraries following WWII. of 1895 sought to tighten control of the expanding world of govern- Many libraries collect these materials only for their specific ment publishing. The Depository Library Act of 1962 created regional area or region. depository libraries,3 and further addressed access to federal records COMMODITIZED documents like the 2.4 million technical and publications, and the roles of the National Archives and Records reports from the National Technical Information Service Administration (NARA) and GPO. During the Reagan years, the (NTIS) sold by the legislatively-required cost-recovery unit of 1980 Paperwork Reduction Act and Office of Management and Budget the Department of Commerce. Another example is the incredibly (OMB) Circular A-130 threw two monkey wrenches into the works, valuable Joint Publications Research Service (JPRS) Non-De- allowing the chaos of disparate executive agency printing practices pository Collection, which includes technical reports collected from the early 20th century to come to the fore once again, though later and translated from Communist countries, at the rate of approx- editions of A-130 included assurances that government publications imately 12,000 per year from 1953-1980. This collection was were to be made available to depository libraries.4 Throughout this reproduced in microprint format and sold to libraries by Readex. historical arc, the issue of “fugitive” or “lost” documents has been a And perhaps most famously, there are the “DUPLICATED”6 (or problem large enough to cause consternation among librarians, and the DECENTRALIZED7) documents, the executive branch publi- public, when their access was curtailed by the issue but not politically cations that agencies decided to print or procure on their own hot enough — or sometimes too politically hot! — to cause the federal rather than through contract printing with GPO. Many libraries government to act to rectify the situation. purchased a collection known as Executive Branch Documents The FDLP has generally worked well for printed material for over 1789-1932 from Congressional Information Service (CIS) two hundred years because it consists of a relatively simple collaborative (later acquired by LexisNexis and then ProQuest) because of process: 1) GPO receives tangible documents from federal government continued on page 14

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www.igi-global.com Sign up at www.igi-global.com/newsletters facebook.com/igiglobal twitter.com/igiglobal To get an idea of the scale of the fugitives issue in the born-digital “Issued for Gratuitous Distribution:” The History of ... era, one need only compare the numbers. In 2012, GPO distributed from page 12 10,200 items to FDLP libraries, but the 2012 End of Term Crawl gathered 32,837,215 URLs.15 Even if only 1/100 of those 32,837,215 the loosely enforced and often ignored printing regulations. This URLs are actual documents, that would still be something like 300,000 last class of fugitives constitutes the massive number of reports, documents across the .gov domain, thirty times the number of distributed documents, data sets, and other executive agency materials that documents, the overwhelming number of which are fugitive. The sheer are now published on agency websites and sometimes reported scale of digital government information is immense! Today there is by librarians to GPO.8 more born-digital government information produced in a single year John Walters, in two well-researched and fascinating articles than all the paper-and-ink publications accumulated in the FDLP over in Journal of Government Information helpfully mapped out the the last two hundred years of the program. landscape of 19th and 20th century printing.9 Since at least 1836, the All information published by our government is critical for academ- House of Representatives has each session published in a document ics, students, and members of the public who seek to understand the entitled Reports to be Made to Congress, listing the reports required workings of government, the intricacies of public and foreign policy, by various laws that they expect to receive from departments and the outcomes of scientific research, and important historical moments. agencies. Historically, departments have sent some, but not all, of their Librarians may see access to government publications as an inherent publications to GPO for printing. This included both congressionally public good but the reality proves slightly hazier than that. Printing mandated reports as well as administratively necessary ones. Some of government information is a political act that has always faced the complained that GPO could not print their publications economically, ebbs and flows of political discord. When the use of a single phrase like efficiently, or promptly, while others were irked by Congressional “climate change” can be restricted due to political agendas, how can “censorship” attempts to limit public awareness of Presidential policy printing of public information not be contentious? Creating and main- initiatives deemed unfavorable to the opposing political party. The taining a complete historical and bibliographic record of the workings policies of the Congressional Joint Committee of government is a deeply important goal which libraries on Printing (JCP) and, after 1970, the Office of and librarians have long worked to achieve. Management and Budget (OMB) have both Librarians have always had to advocate for played roles in this ongoing problem, with workflows, law, policy, and funding to patch the loss or lack of bibliographic control and a leaky government information distribution concomitant loss of public access being the system. FDLP libraries have had to rely on outcome of long-standing contention and commercial publishers, spending many mil- political jockeying between political parties lions of dollars on documents that should and the executive and legislative branches have been distributed to libraries for free. for administrative control and autonomy. And with the exponentially expanding scale By the late 19th century, executive de- of born-digital government information — partments and agencies had begun to acquire and the incredible ease of online publishing their own “toy” offset printing presses, as and distribution — it quickly becomes obvious professional printers called them. The that we are bailing a sinking ocean liner with a Printing Investigation Commission of 1910 paper cup by reporting fugitive documents to GPO counted 232 offset presses in all government on a case-by-case basis. establishments, including the field service. What’s needed to build and maintain a complete This had risen to 486 offset presses in the DC national bibliography is the collective will of the area by 1920. Departments were printing ephemera, circulars, and library community, executive agencies, and GPO to create a policy form letters, along with series, periodicals, and reports. Early 20th solution and collaborative infrastructure that strengthens curation along century Monthly Catalogs are littered with notes of specific agencies the entire lifecycle of government information. Free Government “gratuitously” sending documents to “those who apply for them.” In Information has advocated for updates to Title 4416 and OMB circular the digital era, some of these reports are not produced at all, or are sent A-13017 to push for the expansion of the definition of “public informa- to Congress but then lost in the void, and never captured or described tion,” and executive agency Information Management Plans (IMPs) by GPO for the FDLP.10 to structure public information and websites in ways that can be more The actual number of fugitives is elusive. But we can make some easily preservable. back-of-the-napkin estimates. The print “national collection” is esti- There is long precedent for this kind of collaborative action between mated to be in the neighborhood of 3 million items.11 The number of and among libraries, GPO and executive agencies. ALA’s Government fugitives has been variously estimated by GPO at between 50%12 and Documents Round Table (GODORT) has focused on fugitives since 85%,13 depending on the agency and era. And, among the findings in its inception in 1972. In 1994, University of Illinois Chicago partnered a notable 1989 study published in Documents to the People (DttP), with the U.S. Department of State to create the Department of State Cynthia Bower found that 43% of documents indexed in the American Foreign Affairs Network (DOSFAN) Electronic Research Collection Statistics Index were fugitives and that EPA publications became less (dosfan.lib.uic.edu/). In 2003, Gil Baldwin, GPO’s Director of Library and less likely to be listed in the Monthly Catalog over time.14 That Programs Service, presented a “GPO/OMB Compact” — which unfortu- puts the number of historic, paper-based fugitives at between one and nately didn’t go anywhere — to try and deal systematically with federal five million items! Even if one were to figure in the fugitives sold by printing.18 The LOCKSS-USDOCS program has allowed 36 libraries commercial publishers, or those distributed through services like the to collaboratively preserve GPO’s govinfo.gov content since 2010. The Library of Congress Document Expediting Project (DocEx), which Congressional Data Coalition has pushed several initiatives over the sent duplicate copies of government publications received from federal last ten years that have led to innovations in the way Congress makes agencies to libraries around the world from 1946 to 2004, or other doc- its information available to the public, most notably by spurring the uments that made it into library collections through the dogged work U.S. House of Representatives to publish its legislative documents of individual librarians, that’s still a sizeable number of documents that in XML.19 If the House of Representatives can make its information are not in FDLP libraries, and not in the Monthly Catalog and either publicly accessible, collectible, describable, preservable and reusable its antecedents or its online successor, the Catalog of Government in both human- and machine-readable formats, why can’t the rest of the Publications (CGP). federal government? endnotes on page 16

14 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018

“Issued for Gratuitous Distribution:” The History of ... Remembering — Edward W. from page 14 Colleran (1958 - 2017) Endnotes 1. Michael Doyle, “Misquoting Madison,” Legal Affairs: The Magazine Reported by Katina Strauch (Editor, Against the Grain) at the Intersection of Law and Life, July/August 2002, accessed No- vember 22, 2017, https://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/July-August-2002/ scene_doyle_julaug2002.msp. was so sad to learn from Paul Gerbino, 2. United States Government Printing Office, 100 GPO Years, 1861- one of Ed’s business partners, that Ed 1961: A History of United States Public Printing, (Washington, DC: The I Government Publishing Office, 2010). passed away December 28, 2017. 3. The 1962 law set up “selective” and “regional” libraries. Each state From Paul: could have at most 2 regional libraries. Selective libraries can choose which documents they receive, and may discard documents after holding I thought I would take this opportunity them for 5 years. Regional libraries are required to retain all government to send my thoughts on the recent passing publications distributed by GPO in perpetuity and to provide support of Ed Colleran. I know you lost a great services for the selectives under their jurisdictions. friend in Ed. He spoke very highly of you 4. Patrice McDermott, “Building Open Government,” Government and I know he cared deeply for you. Ed Information Quarterly, Special Issue: Open/Transparent Government, 27, was one of the few people that I regarded no. 4 (October 1, 2010): 401–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.07.002. as a true leader in content licensing and permissioning. He was loved 5. United States Government Publishing Office, “Depository Collection and respected by many people. If there was a content licensing Hall and Development,” last modified June 4, 2014, https://www.fdlp.gov/ of Fame, he would have one of the biggest busts in the room. Ed requirements-guidance-2/guidance/14-depository-collection-and-devel- Colleran left Triumvirate Content Consultants in March. opment. 6. John Spencer Walters, “‘Toy’ Presses and the Rise of Fugitive From Katina: U.S. Government Documents,” Journal of Government Information 21, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 413–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/1352- I met Ed way back when he worked with the Copyright Clearance 0237(94)90019-1. Center. He was a huge help to a novice in the licensing industry. 7. Mary Alice Baish, “Electronic Government Information: Nailing Cy- He left CCC to start his own business, and he enjoyed traveling to ber-Jell-O to the Wall. Seventh North Carolina Serials Conference,” last Charleston and visiting the many tourist sights. Ed began to work modified March 5, 1998, https://web.archive.org/web/20060907135453/ with the Charleston Conference on program selection. He instituted http://www.ll.georgetown.edu/aallwash/nailcybr.html. the Speed Networking sessions. Ed attended the 2016 Charleston 8. See the “Lost Docs Project” for examples of these reported fugitives, Conference but had to leave abruptly for health reasons. He will be https://lostdocs.freegovinfo.info. missed. May he rest in peace. 9. Walters, “‘Toy’ Presses and the Rise of Fugitive U.S. Government Documents.”; John Spencer Walters, “The Presuperhighway Politics From the Printed Obituary: of U.S. Government Printing and Publishing, 1917–1960,” Journal of KITTERY, Maine — Edward W. Colleran, 59, of 205 Whipple Government Information 23, no. 2 (March/April, 1996): 93–121, https:// Rd., and formerly of Boston, Mass. passed away, Thursday, December doi.org/10.1016/1352-0237(95)00043-7. 28, 2017. He was born February 22, 1958 in Youngstown, Ohio a 10. David Fahrenthold, “Unrequired Reading,” Washington Post, son of the late Louis C. and Jeanne (Spitler) Colleran. He was a last modified May 3, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/national/2014/05/03/unrequired-reading/. graduate of the University of Vermont and had worked in publishing for many years. 11. James A. Jacobs, “Born-Digital U.S. Federal Government Infor- mation: Preservation and Access,” last modified March 2014, https:// He leaves his husband, Steven M. Dines; two brothers, Michael freegovinfo.info/node/8451. C. Colleran and his wife Janet; and Tim Colleran and his wife 12. Gil Baldwin, “Fugitive Documents – On the Loose or On the Run,” Lori; a sister, Elizabeth J. Colleran and her husband Hollis; nieces, Administrative Notes: Newsletter of the Federal Depository Library nephews and friends. Program 24, no. 10 (August 15, 2003): 4–8, http://web.archive.org/ A Celebration of Life will be held at a later date with a time to web/20160321083457/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~graceyor/govdocs/adnotes/2003/241003/an2410d.htm. be announced. Memorial contributions may be made Brigham and Women’s Cancer Research, https://giving.brighamandwomens.org/ 13. Federal Documents Task Force of the ALA Government Documents Round Table, “Suggestions to GPO. A Letter to the Superintendent of cancerresearch. Documents. February 5, 1973,” Documents to the People (DttP) 1, no. 3 Lucas & Eaton Funeral Home, York, Maine is assisting with ar- (May 1973): 21–28. rangements. Visit www.lucaseatonfuneralhome.com. 14. Cynthia Bower, “Federal Fugitives, DND, and Other Aberrants: A http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/seacoastonline/obituary.aspx- Cosmology,” Documents to the People (DttP) 17, no. 3 (September 1989): ?n=edward-w-colleran&pid=187757935 120–26, https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/xm677yc8398. 15. James A. Jacobs, “Born-Digital U.S. Federal Government Informa- tion: Preservation and Access.” 16. James R. Jacobs, “Sign the Petition ‘Protect the Public Right to Govt Information: Help Preserve and Expand Title 44,’” Free Government Information (FGI), last modified August 14, 2017, https://freegovinfo. Rumors info/node/12325. 17. James R. Jacobs, “FGI Submits OMB A-130 Comments. Help Us from page 8 Raise OMB Awareness of Library Issues,” Free Government Informa- tion (FGI), last modified November 19, 2015, https://freegovinfo.info/ Good news! Regina has found her replacement — Corey Seeman, node/10581. the Director, Stephen M. Ross School of Business Library at the 18. United States Government Publishing Office, “GPO and OMB University of Michigan. Wow! Corey is a good friend of the Reach Innovative New Solution for Federal Printing,” Administrative Charleston Conference! He made several Charleston Conference Notes: Newsletter of the Federal Depository Library Program, last mod- presentations this year and in prior years! There is also a great podcast ified June 15, 2003, http://web.archive.org/web/20151018082705/http:// (#39) about his unit which has recently undergone a transformation www-personal.umich.edu/~graceyor/govdocs/adnotes/2003/240703/ from a traditional library to an electronic-only library service group an2407b.htm. with the completion of the Ross Construction project in 2016. In 19. Joshua Tauberer, The Principles and Practices of Open Government addition to writing about libraries, Corey has written articles primarily Data, 2012, https://opengovdata.io/. continued on page 24

16 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018

State of State Documents by Susanne Caro (Government Information Librarian, Mansfield Library, University of Montana)

n 1870, New Mexico’s territorial governor, could wipe out years of history. For this reason, sharply over the last fifteen years. Kristin William A. Pile, wanted to use a room it has been important for libraries to collect and Martin and Jan Regan’s 2003 study, North Ithat housed Spanish, Mexican, and U.S. disseminate copies. Depending on the state, Carolina State Government Information: Re- territorial archives in the historic Palace of agencies may be required to follow archival alities and Possibilities, found that 50 percent the Governors in Santa Fe. Pile instructed the retention schedules for documents or send cop- of North Carolina’s state documents were born territorial librarian, Ira Bond, to clean out the ies to their state library, where documents are digital.4 Jennifer Davison, head of content room. Bond did this by selling the documents then cataloged, organized, and properly stored. management and access at the State Library to local shopkeepers for wrapping paper, giving State libraries with depository programs of North Carolina, estimates that the current them to the prison, or tossing them out of a typically send document copies to designated born-digital content is nearly 95 percent of all window. Bond’s actions drew outrage in 1870, collections and archives across their state. public content. To preserve these materials, caused legal issues in the years that followed, Spreading documents to geographically di- plans and policies must be in place for the and left modern researchers wondering what collection, storage, and accessibility of elec- 1 verse locations provides access to users and documents were lost. Today, his actions seem reduces the likelihood of losing all copies to tronic formats. extreme, but this was not the first or only time natural disasters. Libraries in a depository unique state history had been lost. Collection or distribution program are usually a mix of As agencies transition from paper to digital State documents that are deemed to be of public and academic institutions that keep or long-term value must be organized, stored, publications, many consider electronic ver- discard materials based on the needs of their sions exempt from existing policies requiring made accessible, and the spaces housing these user communities. collections must be maintained. Changing submission to library or archive programs. Preservation requirements for paper doc- technologies and limited space pose similar In some cases, the agency may believe their uments involve keeping materials safe from challenges with electronic materials. Over obligations to the public are met by having a moisture, insects, fires, administrators, and all of this hangs the constant threat of budget document available on their website. Cap- users. In 2013, a new court clerk in Frank- and administrative cuts by individuals with turing this content takes time, infrastruc- lin County, North Carolina, investigated the divergent goals. ture, and personnel. Web harvesting tools basement of the courthouse can crawl websites to find What Should Be Kept? and started a very necessary environmental reports State and local government materials are cleaning project. The and videos, but this subject to retention schedules that determine basement had been used method can miss ma- the length of time a record should be kept, and to store broken furni- terials deeply hidden if it must be destroyed. Montana’s General Re- ture, old equipment, in a website. A 2009 cords Retention Schedules direct that materials boxes of legislative study by Claudene of historical value be sent to the state archives. documents, court Sproles and Angel Sensitive records, such as patient medical files, records, photos, Clemons, Perma- must be shredded after ten years. Reports, bud- letters, financial nent Electronic Ac- gets, and other documents intended to inform records, and more cess to Government the public are sent to archives and libraries dating back to the Information: A Study where they are evaluated for condition, and 1840s. The local his- of Federal, State, and uniqueness, and to determine the best way torical society was en- Local Documents, to care for the materials. Preservation often gaged to inventory the found that, compared starts with condition. Is it in a stable medium? material, but due to mold to federal and local Is it the only copy? What is the file format? contamination, concern documents, state doc- Many state libraries have collections of images, regarding confidential documents, and mis- uments were the most at risk with an estimated cassettes, VHS tapes, or documents on acidic communication, all of the records were sent 12 percent of digital documents lost or moved 2 paper that are starting to crumble. These types to the local humane society and incinerated. to new URL.5 of materials have a limited lifespan and there The historical society’s treasure became the county’s trash. The 2016 election in the United States is little that can be done to stop the inevitable drew more interest in efforts to collect and decay beyond digitization. Digitizing a docu- Users can also cause loss of materials. In save digital content from government web- ment creates a surrogate version to preserve the June 2017, the Medford Mail Tribune reported sites, but this is an endeavor that librarians content while also increasing the accessibility that employees for an oil company removed and archivists have been engaged in for years. of the content. materials relating to the Jordan Cove Energy Librarians search state pages, especially Documents that are unique should be Project from libraries along a proposed pipeline before changes in administration, to capture preserved. The more local the information is, route.3 At the Coos Bay Public Library, an oil materials before they are deleted. Captured then the less likely it is that any other institu- employee had asked a librarian for permission pages are archived in local servers and made tions will have a copy. It is important to save to take documents provided by the company. available through services including the Way- internal reports, policies, records, and materials The librarian asked that they wait for staff back Machine. State digital preservationists showing the work of an agency because those to pull materials from the collection, which have made similar efforts to collect state pages may be the only copies. If there is only one included state and federal documents relating before a transition. copy, it must be kept safe. to the pipeline. Rather than wait for the company’s materials to be identified the employee Beyond administrative changes, a docu- Saving Tangible Materials took everything, leaving five bare shelves. ment may be removed because of the content. One danger for historical, print documents This removal may be for legitimate reasons, like those lost in New Mexico is that they are The Digital Switch such as a report on a state park providing often the only copy. Before technology made The growth of digital content removes information on archaeological sites which creating multiple copies easier, documents some pressure libraries concerned with space should not be made public, or for inaccuracies were written by hand or printed in limited issues. The number of documents that only like the advanced placement statistics on the numbers. A courthouse fire or a broken pipe exist in an electronic format has increased continued on page 20

18 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

Stop by Oxford University Press booth #1538 at ALA Midwinter for a chance to test your knowledge, talk with our representatives, win prizes*, and attend interactive events.

Cheers & Beers! Pub-themed trivia Opening Reception Friday, February 9th, 5:30-7:00pm Join us for an evening at the pub! We invite you to grab a beer, snack on pub-themed refreshments, and partake in either of our two rounds of trivia, one at 6:00pm and another at 6:30pm. You, Me, and the OREs: How the Oxford Research Encyclopedias were developed by Oxford, for you Saturday, February 10th, 2:00-3:00pm What are the Oxford Research Encyclopedias (OREs), why were they made, and more importantly, what can they do for your library? Enjoy complimentary refreshments as we give away prizes* and share everything you need to know about the new OREs.

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Friday, 2/9 Cheers & Beers! Pub-themed trivia Opening Reception 5:30–7:00 Refreshments will will be beprovidedw providedA Saturday, 2/10 Sunday, 2/11 10:00-10:30 An UPSO Update

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11:30-12:00 An UPSO Update Time to be Social with Social Explorer You, Me, and the OREs Journals in a Jiffy 2:00-2:30 How the Oxford Research Encyclopedias were developed by Oxford, for you 2:30-3:00 Refreshments will be provided Did you catch that Reference? 3:00-3:30 Time to be Social with Social Explorer You, Me, and the OREs

booth #1538 1 *while supplies last the contents may not be available. Preserving resulting in significant budget cuts. For the State of State Documents digital materials requires an assessment of the state library, this amounted to over $666,000 from page 18 materials and their formats, file monitoring, for fiscal year 2017, and more the following migration to updated formats, and use of em- year. The library lost a quarter of its staff. To California Department of Education’s website ulation software, such as a program that acts help reduce the financial loss and continue to that were removed in May 2017. like Windows 98 to access and migrate files. provide vital services, the state librarian made Other changes are political. For example, Even if the URL for a document is stored, the difficult choice to discard a large, historic the Wisconsin Department of Natural Re- changes to a website could make a link ob- collection of federal documents in order to sources replaced the content on the page “The solete. To counter this problem, libraries and rent the space to another agency. Thankfully, Great Lakes and a Changing World.” The con- archives create persistent URLs, or PURLs. however, most of the state documents are still tent changed from discussing climate change Ideally, PURLs should link to a document in accessible, as the extensive collection had to content claiming that causes of climate a stable location such as a database. already been digitized through a long-term change are still being debated, implying that Managing electronic records also requires project with the Internet Archive. the observed effects could be due to a natural checking files for changes that indicate data Modern-day libraries are unlikely to burn, cycle. The older version of the site is available loss. Tools called checksums assign alphanu- but they may fade away as library workers are for comparison because it was captured by the meric codes to files based on the content. If laid off and servers are not properly main- Wisconsin Historical Society as part of their the code changes, this indicates changes in the tained. A legislator may decide that digital web archives hosted by the Internet Archive, file, which alerts managers to the issue. This archives are not needed or have other uses a non-profit organization that digitizes, stores, technology still requires personnel to verify a for collection space. In a time when people maintains, and provides access to a large col- problem and upload an uncompromised file. assume that everything is online we lose more lection of materials from libraries, museums, To maintain digital records, local governments content each day. To prevent the loss of our organizations, and individuals. in New York share a service called the Digital local histories, state libraries, archives, and Towpath (http://digitaltowpath.org). This local governments must work together to de- Storage project was spearheaded by the Center for velop solutions and plans to mitigate physical There are two popular options for storing Technology in Government to help local and financial disasters. electronic content: onsite servers and cloud governments manage electronic records and storage. The practice of sending documents to comply with records retention polices and to multiple libraries in different geographies management laws. Record maintenance is mirrored on the digital landscape through expenses are reduced by sharing the service. a philosophy and practice known as Lots Of This is not a true archive for managing Copies Keeps Stuff Safe or LOCKSS. Instead material for posterity but the model shows of library shelves the electronic documents promise and meets the needs of the commu- Endnotes are sent to multiple servers in different geo- nity, including deleting records in accordance 1. J.J. Bowden, “Estancia Grant,” Office of graphical locations. This redundancy prevents with the law. the State Historian, accessed November 21, loss if one server should fall to floods, fire, 2017. http://newmexicohistory.org/people/ or human error. In Arizona, this started with The Greatest Threat: Funding estancia-grant the Persistent Digital Archives and Library When legislators are unaware of the im- 2. “Historians Lament Destruction of System, or PeDALS, which became a collab- Franklin County Records,” WRAL.com, portance of state library preservation efforts, last modified December 18, 2013. http:// oration among seven state archives, including libraries often seem like good places to save www.wral.com/historians-lament-destruc- Arizona State Library Archives, New Mexico money. At the state level, budgets can be cut tion-of-franklin-county-records/13229922/ State Records Center, and New York State by the legislature or governor and are rarely 3. Vickie Aldous, “Company Removed Archives to store and preserve digital state restored. For example, in Michigan the entire LNG Pipeline Documents from Public documents. This duplication can prevent the collection of the state library was nearly dis- Libraries,” Medford Mail Tribune, last loss of content. mantled by Governor Jennifer Granholm’s modified June 27, 2017. http://portlandtri - Loss can be purely accidental as in 2007 Executive Order No. 2009-36 in 2009. The bune.com/sl/364455-245514-company-re- library had been a stand-alone agency in 2000 moved-lng-pipeline-documents-from-pub- when an error by a technical worker deleted lic-libraries 800,000 images from Alaska’s Department of when it had a budget of $35 million. When Revenue. According to a March 2007 Seattle the governor’s executive order transferred the 4. Kristin Martin and Jan Regan, North Carolina State Government Information: Times article, three hundred boxes of deleted agency to the Department of Education, the budget was cut by $24 million. In 2009, the Realities and Possibilities, State Library of information had to be rescanned after it was North Carolina, 2003. http://digital.ncdcr. found that all the backup measures to protect state appropriated ten million for the library, gov/cdm/ref/collection/p249901coll22/ the digital files had failed.6 This was a case and by 2010 the appropriations were cut by id/498567 another million. The 2017 budget for the where a large amount of content was lost and 5. Claudene Sproles and Angel Clemons, the error was reported by the media. It is library returned to a higher level, but is still “Permanent Electronic Access to Gov- nearly impossible to know how many times significantly lower than before the recession. ernment Information: A Study of Federal, smaller amounts of content have been deleted. Many state budgets cut during the recession State, and Local Documents.” E-JASL: The have not recovered. An Institute of Museum Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Preservation and Library Services (IMLS) survey found Librarianship 10, no. 2 (2009). http://south- that most state libraries that suffered budget ernlibrarianship.icaap.org/content/v10n02/ Once a library has captured born-digital sproles_c01.html content, or digitized print content to create cuts during the 2009 recession have not had 7 digital surrogates, these files must be main- their budgets restored as of 2014. Positions 6. Ann Sutton, “Alaska Fund’s $38 Bil- lion Disappearing Act.” The Seattle Times, tained. Digital documents have their own were lost and departments cut or consolidat- ed, so the work of preservation falls to fewer last modified March 21, 2007. https:// unique preservation requirements and chal- www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/alas- lenges. Having files on a server is not enough. hands. Physical items are less likely to be ka-funds-38-billion-disappearing-act/ Modern technology changes at a much faster repaired or stored in a way to prevent further damage. If information technology person- 7. State Library Administrative Agencies rate: think of old floppy disks, CD-ROMs, Survey: Fiscal Year 2014, (Washington, and VHS tapes. Magnetic tape lasts about nel are lost, digital files may not be properly DC: Institute of Museum and Library 30 years, CDs last about ten, and the lifespan managed and programs to collect born-digital Services, August 2016). https://www.imls. of digital materials is not known. Moreover, items may be halted. gov/publications/state-library-administra- even if the information is available in a spe- In the summer of 2017, the state of tive-agencies-survey-fiscal-year-2014 cific medium, the technology needed to access Montana experienced a revenue shortfall

20 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Theatre students and researchers can now truly see “behind the scenes” of the world’s greatest dramatic performances.

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Request a free 30-day trial at alexanderstreet.com/performancedesign The Collaborative Federal Depository Program: ASERL’s Plan for Managing FDLP Collections in the Southeast by Cheryle Cole-Bennett (Program Coordinator, Association of Southeastern Research Libraries (ASERL)) http://www.aserl.org/

n 2011, Association of Southeastern Disposition Database, which is a software tool accepted by GPO as official publications from Research Libraries (ASERL) members developed by the University of Florida to a depository library, and authenticated with a Iunanimously approved the ASERL South- streamline the disposition process and to fill digital signature. east Region Guidelines for Management and gaps in holdings. Today, 72% of the depos- Since 2008, UF Libraries have cataloged Disposition of Federal Depository Library itory libraries in the ASERL region use the over 660,000 volumes, with 15,252 original Collections, a common set of collection database to manage their disposition process. cataloging records contributed to OCLC and management and disposition policies, proce- Since it was launched in 2012, more available in WorldCat. The UF dures and best practices that form ASERL’s than 66,450 documents posted for Libraries COE collections are Collaborative Federal Depository Program disposal have been claimed by treated as special collections, (CFDP). This plan represents the product of another library, further undergoing a stringent review a process that first began in 2006 through the strengthening FDLP col- process including page-level collaborative efforts of ASERL library deans lections in the region. validation. In addition to and directors and documents librarians. In The FDLP eXchange preserving the print copies, 2009, ASERL was awarded a grant from the database under develop- digital copies are avail- Institute of Museum and Library Services ment by the Government able in the UF Digital (IMLS) to support ongoing development of the Publishing Office (GPO) Collections online portal model, testing three pilot sites: the University was inspired in part by the (http://UFDC.ufl.edu), of Florida, the University of Kentucky, and ASERL Disposition Database. ASERL is and preservation masters are sent to the Florida the University of South Carolina. Today, working with GPO to coordinate functionality Digital Archives (http://fclaweb.fcla.edu/fda). 222 Federal Depository Library Program in order to streamline data transfer between the Also, all academic libraries in Florida and all (FDLP) participating libraries in the south- two systems. selective depositories in Florida, Puerto Rico, east actively address the increasing cost of In addition to building comprehensive and the U.S. Virgin Islands can deposit govern- managing, preserving, and providing print collections, COE libraries commit to promot- ment documents being withdrawn from their and digital access to these critical collections ing use of the collection while ensuring its collections into FLARE (the FLorida Academic through the CFDP. preservation. ASERL members agree that the Repository) for preservation and access, if it is Founded in 1956, ASERL is the largest best means of providing broad public access to the last copy held in the region. regional research library cooperative in the these collections is through online access to The University of Kentucky (UK) Librar- country, with thirty-eight members in eleven digital copies, and the management of tangible ies began digitizing its Center of Excellence states. The FDLP holds a prominent place collections should support initiatives to create collection for the Works Progress/Work Proj- in the southeast: thirty-seven of ASERL’s a comprehensive digital collection of federal ects Administration (WPA) in 2011. Given thirty-eight members are FDLP libraries, documents in the public domain. Digitization the age and fragile condition of WPA print including twelve regional depositories. That is optional for Centers of Excellence; however, publications, and in order to facilitate in-house these collections are seen as a regional asset COEs are encouraged to digitize items within digitization efforts, UK Libraries established a was an important factor in the decision to their areas of responsibility when a stable dual copy collection: where possible, one print establish a collaborative stewardship model public domain source is not available. Digital copy is retained for access and digitization and within the region. copies not only enhance access to the collection one copy for preservation. It is generally recognized that no FDLP but also serve as a surrogate where no print To facilitate its collection development collection is one hundred percent complete: copy is currently available. activities, the UK Libraries maintain an whether due to previous retention policies, Real-World Leadership: University exhaustive bibliography of all known WPA damage, or theft, some degree of loss for pub- publications, both owned and not owned, that lications is inevitable. Core to the CFDP is of Florida & University of Kentucky is checked against online sources such as Inter- the “Center of Excellence” (COE), whereby a Two of the initial IMLS grant libraries, the net Archive and HathiTrust to identify digital library seeks to construct a comprehensive tan- University of Florida and the University of copies in the public domain. Once identified, gible collection of U.S. government informa- Kentucky, have extensively digitized their digital copies are cataloged and added to the tion for an agency, a subject area, or format. To COE collections. Moreover, both libraries library’s online catalog. In-house digitization date, forty depository libraries in the southeast have signed agreements to serve as Pres- activities are limited to those titles for which no serve as Centers of Excellence: eleven regional ervation Stewards, a program established digital copy is available in the public domain. depository libraries and twenty-nine selective by GPO as part of its Federal Information As digital content is created and cataloged, the depository libraries. The CFDP program is Preservation Network (FIPNet) to support best tangible copy is then placed in storage for not limited to ASERL libraries: in fact, 20% efficient government documents stewardship permanent retention, and the digital and second of COEs are depositories outside ASERL’s in the digital era. tangible copy are used for access. membership. Together, these libraries have The University of Florida (UF) has Real-world experiences confirm that the established 219 COE collections, including established more than 35 COE collections, CFDP is a successful and innovative program 215 collections based upon the issuing agency, including collections for twenty-one USDA that works within the legal framework of Title three subject collections, and one collection offices, Congressional Hearings, the Code of 44 to improve access while lessening the ad- based on format. Federal Regulations, and the Federal Register, ministrative burdens on depository libraries. The processes for the disposition of govern- along with a comprehensive subject and format Accomplishments achieved at the state and ment publications that are being deaccessioned collection for Panama and the Canal. From the regional level have positioned ASERL Centers by a selective depository have long been rec- onset, the University of Florida committed to of Excellence libraries favorably to engage ognized as challenging and time-consuming digitize a significant portion of its COE collec- in national collaborative initiatives to ensure for both selective and regional depository tions. Many of these UF-digitized copies are FDLP collections are cataloged, inventoried, libraries. One of the more innovative and “official” publications that are digitally signed digitized, preserved and accessible — core popular resources of the CFDP is the ASERL by GPO and represent the first publications values of the FDLP. 22 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 The HathiTrust Federal Documents Program: Towards a Digital U.S. Federal Documents Library at Scale by Heather Christenson (Program Officer for Federal Documents & Collections, HathiTrust)

HathiTrust is a collaborative organization founded in 2008 as a bers assessed the many challenges and opportunities presented by an solution to the need of a group of libraries to preserve and provide ac- aggregate digital federal documents collection, and articulated a set of cess to large amounts of digital content produced via mass digitization strategic priorities that led HathiTrust to establish this new program. partnerships with Google and the Internet Archive. As HathiTrust The Program positions HathiTrust to make progress on a number has grown to over one hundred and twenty member libraries, the digital of fronts: in particular, print preservation, digital collection building, library has evolved to encompass mass-digitized volumes contributed and enrichment of discovery and access for end users. By aggregating by the many additional members who have joined since its founding, as digitized federal documents in a collectively managed digital library, well as locally-digitized and some born-digital volumes. By way of its libraries can solve some longstanding issues and accommodate new emergence from libraries themselves, HathiTrust is rooted in an attitude kinds of uses. Over time, large collections of print federal documents of service to end users, continuous improvement, and use of standards, have accumulated on library shelves, and for some libraries, maintenance and is attuned to the needs of libraries. HathiTrust runs one of the few costs persist while documents are underused. A related challenge is repositories certified as a Trusted Digital Repository under theCenter that depository library collections may not be well represented in some for Research Libraries’ Trustworthy Repositories Audit Certification library discovery environments, since many libraries had historically (TRAC) process. Over the nine years of its existence, HathiTrust has chosen to minimally catalog documents, especially those published prior developed robust access services at scale, including full text and catalog to 1976, which is when GPO began sharing metadata in the Catalog of search, flexible viewing functions, and metadata download features. Government Publications. Additionally, HathiTrust hosts a copy of the digital library in the HathiTrust launched a Shared Print Program last year with a goal HathiTrust Research Center, which provides infrastructure, software to secure retention commitments for print monograph items that have tools, and services for computational access and research. digital counterparts within HathiTrust. Out of 4.8 million monograph As of this writing, HathiTrust offers close to 15.8 million digital titles committed to the Shared Print Program so far, over 222,000 are volumes for use, with close to 6 million fully viewable volumes in monographic federal documents committed for retention in at least one the public domain. Items in HathiTrust are the result of hundreds of HathiTrust member library. Later rounds of shared print planning will years of library stewardship. Libraries selected and held the volumes, seek to secure commitments for non-monographic documents. Current- cataloged them, maintained them as they were accessed and used, ly, items committed to the Shared Print Program must be lendable to all transferred the cataloging to machine readable records, created digital HathiTrust members, which may be problematic for some depository versions of the volumes (whether on their own or in partnership with libraries that have committed to retain print documents within the GPO’s commercial entities such as Google), and now store these versions in Federal Information Preservation Network (FIPNet) program and HathiTrust, in a powerful digital aggregation that would not have been are required to designate those copies as non-circulating. This policy possible without a collective investment over time. may be revisited in a later phase. HathiTrust U.S. Federal Documents Program Collection Building U.S. federal documents within HathiTrust largely result from a HathiTrust intends to build a comprehensive digital collection particular formal stewardship program, the Government Publishing of U.S. federal publications distributed by GPO and other agencies. Office (GPO)’s Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP). The This is an ambitious endeavor, given the challenges of identifying FDLP’s mission is “to ensure that the American public has access to every document originating from a government entity, and publication its Government’s information,” and currently has 1,143 participating practices have not necessarily been standard across governmental units libraries.1 Eighty-four HathiTrust member libraries participate in the or time. Despite a long history of libraries, GPO, other agencies, and FDLP as depository libraries, so this shared interest in federal documents commercial entities producing catalog records, there is no one place is reflected inHathiTrust’s priorities. to go for a record of every U.S. federal document ever published. HathiTrust now includes about 1,045,000 items identified as U.S. HathiTrust’s answer has been the development of the U.S. Federal federal documents, possibly the largest existing publicly-accessible Documents Registry Database, known as “the Registry.” To build the digital collection of these materials. As of this writing, forty-nine Registry, HathiTrust solicited over twenty million bibliographic records member libraries have contributed digitized federal documents to from forty libraries, and has spent several years consolidating them via HathiTrust. This total includes contributions from FDLP collections bibliographic analysis to de-duplicate and detect relationships, resulting as well as documents from collections developed to meet needs and in a database of around 5.3 million records. The database is enriched by purposes outside of the FDLP. The HathiTrust digital collection regular updates of metadata provided by HathiTrust member libraries brings all these documents together when they deposit digital documents, and also includes in a large-scale aggregation of GPO metadata. Recently, we have incorporated federal documents that reflects the Library of Congress Name Authority the scale and scope of FDLP File in order to more reliably identify agency collections, but also draws authors.2 The comprehensiveness and richness from the inclusion of accuracy of the Registry is improving, and as topically-focused documents our Herculean quest to identify the full set of documents collections. continues, we have also begun to make use of the Registry to identify The HathiTrust Federal Documents Program seeks to build the gaps in the HathiTrust federal documents collection. digital collection, and enrich discovery and access for end users. This Another piece of the comprehensive collection challenge has been relatively new program is a result of many years of investment and effort gaining an understanding of what we have accumulated already: users amongst staff and the community of member libraries. In 2011, at the have access to over a million U.S. federal documents within HathiTrust HathiTrust “Constitutional Convention,” members enthusiastically as a result of mass digitization and aggregation, but what exactly is this approved a proposal to build a comprehensive digital collection of U.S. collection? We took a deep dive into collection analysis and published federal documents in HathiTrust. Since then, HathiTrust staff have the results in early 2017. Not surprisingly, publication dates largely developed the U.S. Federal Documents Registry database, intended followed a curve mimicking overall government publishing, and a rich to provide an inventory of all known published federal documents. variety of subject matter is present with a wide distribution of agency During the same time period, a collaborative working group of mem- continued on page 24 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 23 only limited view for end users. Metadata remediation has the potential The HathiTrust Federal Documents Program ... to open up viewability for many federal documents. To improve both from page 23 discovery and access, we are exploring targeted metadata remediation in collaboration with our member libraries and the staff of Zephir, authors. This “Collection Profile”3 snapshot enabled us to establish the HathiTrust’s metadata management system,5 as well as continuing to baseline on which we are building the federal documents collection. enrich our Registry database and exploring automated metadata creation Based on this analysis we have set specific collection development projects in partnership with scholars. priorities in consultation with the HathiTrust Federal Documents HathiTrust is also focused on quality of its digital objects, and a Advisory Group.4 The priorities were chosen after considering a member-led working group is currently developing a schema to char- number of criteria including recommendations of HathiTrust working acterize quality for end users and use cases. HathiTrust has an active groups, widely known and consulted series distributed by GPO, titles community that is very interested in quality and reports to us on it. Over commonly held by HathiTrust member libraries in print, synergies with the last six years, our User Support Working Group has received and the broader HathiTrust collection, synergies with other large collabo- successfully resolved over 2600 quality issues. The Federal Documents rative endeavors related to federal documents, potential for HathiTrust Program is planning user experience research to better understand Research Center use, and finally (and importantly), compelling and specific needs for discovery and access to the documents within theHa - broader general interest for both member libraries and end users. thiTrust Digital Library, and to understand user experience problems inherent to documents that can be addressed through improved interface Discovery and Access design. We are also exploring needs related to federal documents content HathiTrust offers users the ability to build curated collections via sets and analysis within the HathiTrust Research Center. its Collection Builder tool, which we have used to establish a U.S. Federal Documents Collection that will be curated and maintained Looking Ahead by staff. This new collection provides end users with a way to filter We have our work cut out for us in the near future, with a priority searches to only include federal documents. As we build new subsets to intentionally develop the digital federal documents collection and of federal documents, we are adding searchable collections for those as services in order to realize the value of this tremendous community well. For example, we have created a collection of Statistical Abstract asset. We will continue filling collection gaps through digitization of the United States, an annual compendium of U.S. statistics beloved of print, and are launching collaborative projects to do so. Since our by librarians for providing the most commonly asked-for statistics all in goal is comprehensiveness, in the coming year we plan to investigate one place, with references to more in-depth sources. Statistical Abstract possibilities for incorporation of born-digital and web-archived federal had been published by the government since 1878 but was discontinued documents into HathiTrust. The range of possibilities and quality of in 2012 when the government program that produced it was eliminated, experience for end users will continue to improve not only as we grow although a commercial version is now produced by ProQuest. The our overall federal documents collection, but also as we delineate spe- digital surrogates in the HathiTrust collection are created with access cific collections for access in the both theHathiTrust Digital Library in mind, but will be preserved for the long term, as well. and Research Center, and as we improve metadata, assess quality, and HathiTrust’s full text search feature solves some classic federal ensure that federal documents are available in full view. HathiTrust has documents discovery problems, for example, locating items of interest a relatively small staff and large ambitions, so our success will depend out of over fourteen thousand volumes of published federal reports on working collaboratively across our membership and with the broader and Congressional documents commonly known as the “Serial Set,” library community. or unexpectedly uncovering federal documents in the course of a broad search. Digital federal documents are freed from shelf order, and can be accessed or grouped topically, by date, with or without non-government Endnotes works, or in any number of other flexible ways depending on user needs. 1. U.S. Government Publishing Office, LSCM FY 2016 Year in Review, Within the HathiTrust Research Center, scholars may look through accessed November, 25, 2017. https://www.fdlp.gov/file-repository/ the lens of federal documents over time and across agencies, and see about-the-fdlp/lscm-year-in-review/2843-lscm-fy2016 paths of evolution for government, politics, social issues, health issues, 2. Joshua Steverman, “Problems with Authority,” Library Tech Talk culture, and more via computational analysis. Additionally, federal (blog), last modified August 10, 2017. https://www.lib.umich.edu/blogs/ library-tech-talk/problems-authority documents collections can be imported into the HathiTrust Research 3. Heather Christenson, “Federal Documents in HathiTrust: A Look Center environment as worksets for computational analysis. at Our Collective Collection,” Perspectives From HathiTrust (blog), last We are pursuing a number of avenues to provide a better experience modified March 20, 2017. https://www.hathitrust.org/blogs/perspec- for end users. As librarians well know, one of the biggest barriers to tives-from-hathitrust/federal_documents_collective_collection better discovery is metadata quality, and this is especially true for federal 4. HathiTrust, “HathiTrust Federal Documents Collection Framework,” documents. Access depends on documents being available to users accessed September 8, 2017. https://www.hathitrust.org/hathitrust-fed- for reading and download, and HathiTrust relies heavily on metadata eral-documents-collection-framework to determine the rights status of publications. Federal documents are 5. HathiTrust, “Zephir, the HathiTrust Metadata Management System,” largely in the public domain with a few exceptions, but inaccurate and accessed September 8, 2017. https://www.hathitrust.org/zephir incomplete bibliographic metadata can result in the interface providing

Rumors appalled to discover, amidst examinations, imaging, treatments, and injections, that he missed the deadline for his Dec/Jan column! Shame from page 16 on him! Moving right along, Michael just underwent surgery to fuse his right ilium to his sacrum, his fourth surgery on his lower back. in the areas such as library systems, cataloging (especially in the context OUCH!!!! He says he will be down for a minimum of six weeks, and of special library collections) and on collection development issues perhaps longer based on his recovery time. Michael says that Against associated with autism. On a lighter note — he has a cooking blog and the Grain and his “Antidisambiguation” column, have been a marvelous a somewhat over-the-top obsession with squirrels and cats (talk about outlet and a source of considerable satisfaction for him as well as for all diverse!). http://www.against-the-grain.com/2017/10/atg-the-podcast- of us including Yr. Ed. Michael recalls a luncheon in Anchorage many, episode-with-corey-seeman/ many years ago, for the Editor in Chief of one of the two important The past several weeks have seen Michael Paul Pelikan swept into newspapers in town who was going on a leave of absence, and was being an increasing tempo of medical interventions related to his ongoing feted and roasted by colleagues and friends. In his comments after all back saga that has eclipsed much of his normal activity. Michael was continued on page 43 24 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018

Federal Documents Archive: A Model for Preserving and Providing Access to U.S. Documents at The University of California by Jesse Silva (Federal Documents/Political Science Librarian, University of California Berkeley)

nited States government documents the ten campuses or at one of the two off-site ing deemed in print seem to have received a bad shelving facilities. The FedDocArc project part of FedDocArc. The southern off-site Urap within libraries over the years, is coordinated by a team from across the UC shelving facility has already offered 18,124 and not without some justification. They are system, with a small core group guiding the documents through the FDLP disposition of cumbersome. They take up a lot of space. project and individual campus members ro- materials process. We will soon be training They are strange to many librarians, not just tating on and off as their campus goes through campus library staff on how to identify these because of the additional rules and procedures, the process of reviewing titles for inclusion. documents in order to make local collection but also because of the weird Superintendent UC began FedDocArc by reviewing decisions. As officialOCLC standards do not of Documents classification and call number the collections held at its Regional Library exist at this time, UC created a standard for system. While some may complain about the Facilities (RLF), which are off-site shelving disclosing monographs so we could continue upkeep necessary for access to the printed facilities, one in the north and one in the our work. When the officialOCLC standards documents collection, there is no denying that south of the state. Over 150,000 titles were are created, we have ensured easy identification the information inside these materials has great compared and reviewed for inclusion, with of these documents so we can change them to research value and is vital to university collec- one copy being retained, and a second copy, if meet the new standard if needed. tions as authoritative, primary sources used by identified, being digitized or offered. Needless The first campus to undergo full collection many academic disciplines. With few caveats, to say, monographs were pretty easy to work analysis and review, UC Riverside, has nearly these collections are also free from copyright, through this process. Serials and serial-like completed its review of monographic docu- which can be a boon for those engaged in mass items such as multivolume monographs ments. UCR is contributing 25,662 documents digitization projects. were another matter. In addition to the sheer to the digital archive, and plans to offer several The University of California (UC) is number of volume and issue matching that thousand print documents to FDLP libraries taking a unique approach to preserving U.S. needed to be done at the RLFs, FedDocArc in California. After the database is finalized, government documents while also contributing revealed a previously unknown difference in UCR will begin reviewing its serials while UC to a mass digitization effort to provide access cataloging practices between the campuses. San Diego begins reviewing its monographs. to a wider audience. UC has a large library Some campuses notated a serial title by date, As we continue adopting publications into the system across ten campuses, holding over 39 while others notated the same serial title by archive, UC will also produce a list of titles million items, with numerous copies of federal volume and issue. “Problematic” is one way available in both the print archive and Hathi- documents. While UC Libraries are admin- to describe the matching issues we encoun- Trust so campuses can make local retention istratively separate, we share infrastructure to tered. Typical government cataloging issues decisions with the goal of decreasing the support our consortial work, including shared were also discovered. For example, titles like work future campuses need to do when they off-site shelving facilities, shared interlibrary “Report” with little other information in the go through the FedDocArc process. Under borrowing agreements, shared policies and bibliographic record were identified. Each of FedDocArc, the titles a campus chooses to procedures, and a shared mission. In 2010, these problems required some hands-on work retain will be a local decision based on local UC Libraries began examining our U.S. with the individual documents to resolve the needs. Libraries are not required to discard government collections to determine how to match and make inclusion decisions. A project publications. develop a shared collection across the system to provide cataloging enhancements, such as that would benefit all. In 2014, the conver- describing documents in ways that are more Why HathiTrust? sation turned into action and the result is the specific than just “Report,” is being planned. The UC Libraries became a member of Federal Documents Archive (FedDocArc). FedDocArc prompted UC Berkeley to hire HathiTrust shortly after its inception, and This brief article will provide an overview of a programmer to build an internal database for UC has contributed millions of print titles for the FedDocArc project, highlight some mile- use in resolving the serials issues mentioned digitization. UC has a number of mechanisms stones, discuss a few lessons learned thus far, above. Still in development at the time of this in place to support a continued partnership with and describe our next steps. writing, this database will help us track deci- HathiTrust, including its representation on FedDocArc is an immense undertaking sions so we do not discard materials we need the Board of Governors, so HathiTrust was a among the UC Libraries: the ten campuses to retain for the print archive. It will also help seemingly easy choice for a digital repository have committed to retaining one shared print us identify potential gaps in serial holdings so partner; however, HathiTrust is not without copy and one shared digital copy, via Hathi- we can target acquisition efforts to fill those problems. One issue that UC is working to Trust, of every U.S. document we hold in gaps because UC is committed to creating a rectify has to do with foldouts, such as maps, our collection. Materials that duplicate this complete print archive of U.S. documents. large data tables, and other large format items. shared collection may be deaccessioned from For example, in the original scanning efforts individual campus holdings or retained based Milestones Thus Far of libraries that contributed content to Hathi- on local need. Deaccessioned documents may In the three years UC has worked on Fed- Trust, foldout maps and charts from vital gov- be destructively digitized if not already in Ha- DocArc, we have reached a number of mile- ernment titles, such as the USDA Soil Surveys thiTrust or offered to other depository libraries stones. We are using the shared print practice and the USGS Professional Papers series, were per current Federal Depository Library of “disclosure” for documents that have been skipped while the text was scanned. Based on Program (FDLP) disposition requirements. marked for inclusion in the archive. Disclosure the high technology costs to digitize foldouts If UC holds a single copy of a document, that is a notation in the bibliographic record that at the time, this decision left gaps in the digital single copy will be non-destructively digitized identifies the title as being part of a shared print corpus which researchers and other users need for HathiTrust and the print copy will become archive. At the time of this writing, 194,080 filled for their work. As part of the creation of part of the physical archive. Titles deemed part monographic documents held at the off-site FedDocArc, UC is planning to rescan many of the print archive may be housed at one of shelving facilities are in the process of be- continued on page 27

26 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Working with HathiTrust has also been contribute copies for digitization in the future. Federal Documents Archive ... a great opportunity to brainstorm on various Will campuses split up the responsibility by from page 26 issues. UC and HathiTrust have been able to agency, subject matter, or individual publica- work through some of the issues both projects tions, or based on another option that has not of these titles in-house, including the foldouts, have encountered, such as reconciling various yet been identified? What about CD-ROMs and any other large format titles. These scans cataloging practices mentioned above. We and other electronic materials, and born-dig- will also be contributed to HathiTrust. have had preliminary discussions on resolving ital content: how will these be included in Another issue is public access to digitized serials matching issues and identifying gaps in FedDocArc? These are some examples of the content. As of this writing, HathiTrust con- HathiTrust. A small example of gap filling: questions remaining and the ongoing dialogue tinues to only allow the download of full-text UC contributed several missing volumes of UC Libraries will need to continue among items in the public domain, including U.S. the Statistical Abstract of the United States, ourselves to resolve these issues. government documents, as a member benefit. volumes that were non-destructively digitized The University of California Libraries The public still has the ability to search across so we may continue to retain the print for Fed- are committed to completing the FedDocArc full-text documents, so finding that obscure DocArc. UC and other digitization partners project and it has a great deal of support quote from a hearing or report is possible. The are also identifying publications we can target within the system. Having the collection public can view and download a document as priorities for digitization and inclusion in digitized will open new avenues of discovery page by page, not the entire document as one HathiTrust, such as titles from the FDLP’s and research in scale and scope that had file, which can be a major frustration if a user Essential Titles List. previously been unimaginable. FedDocArc who is unaffiliated with any member institu- In addition to HathiTrust, this undertaking has the potential to allow UC to open its tion needs a lengthy document. While this has involved a number of players outside the collections to a large population outside the access model is a great improvement over no University. UC signed a Shared Housing university, providing great public benefit, access at all, it is not what UC considers full Agreement memorandum of understanding while at the same time retaining an archive access. The single-page download restriction with the U.S. Government Publishing Office of the print documents that will be preserved. prevents members of the public from fully (GPO) in which provision of continued public FedDocArc is a project unlike anything the engaging with any of the federal documents access to the documents is explicitly spelled UC Libraries have done in the past, and we contained within the database, including the out. The California State Library, which are looking forward to being able to share thousands UC and other libraries have and will oversees the FDLP in California, has been much of our collection of federal documents continue to contribute. UC firmly believes that very supportive of the work we are doing to with the State of California, the nation, and fully opening up federal documents to the pub- create a full collection of documents within the the world via HathiTrust. lic without restrictions aligns perfectly with state. The State Library has allowed us some HathiTrust’s mission to “contribute to...the much-needed flexibility within the governing common good by collaboratively collecting, authority of the FDLP, so that we can work organizing, preserving, communicating, and more efficiently to create the archive. 1 sharing the record of human knowledge.” Endnotes Being able to share these digitized documents Next Steps 1. HathiTrust, “Mission and Goals,” openly and without restriction would also ful- FedDocArc also requires UC to begin accessed August 31, 2017, https://www. fill the UC Libraries’ mission to “provid[e] developing strategies to address several other hathitrust.org/mission_goals. the broadest access to the world’s knowl- issues. UC government documents librarians 2. The University of California Librar- 2 edge.” UC is committed to working with need to make some major decisions as Fed- ies, “Vision and Priorities: UC Librar- and encouraging HathiTrust to remove the DocArc moves forward. There are a number ies,” accessed August 31, 2017, http:// public download restrictions placed on federal of questions to settle, such as which campuses libraries.universityofcalifornia.edu/about/ documents, and we invite other HathiTrust will be responsible for contributing print publi- vision-and-priorities. members to do the same. cations to the archive and which campuses will

End of Term 2016 Presidential Web Archive by Mark E. Phillips (Associate Dean for Digital Libraries, the University of North Texas) and Kristy K. Phillips (University of North Texas)

Introduction the entirety of the During every Presidential election in the United States since 2008, federal web. On a group of librarians, archivists, and technologists representing insti- April 15, 2008, tutions across the nation can be found hard at work, preserving the NARA released the document “National Archives and Records Admin- federal web domain and documenting the changes that occur online istration Web Harvesting Background Information,” which detailed the during the transition. reasons why the organization decided not to continue this large-scale archival practice during the following election in 2008. As such, a group Anecdotally, evidence exists that the data available on the federal web of interested organizations gathered together to continue the project. changes after each election cycle, either as a new president takes office, or when an incumbent president changes messages during the transition The End of Term (EOT) projects began with the Internet Ar- into a new term of office. Until 2004, nothing had been done to document chive, the Library of Congress, the University of North Texas, the this change. Originally, the National Archives and Records Admin- California Digital Library, and the U.S. Government Publishing istration (NARA) conducted the first large-scale capture of the federal Office working together to fill the void left byNARA and archive the web at the end of George W. Bush’s first term in office in 2004https:// ( entirety of the federal web during the transition period in the wake of www.webharvest.gov/). This is noteworthy because, while institutions the 2008 presidential election. Since that first capture, new partners like the Library of Congress, the Government Publishing Office, and have joined the team, including Harvard University in 2012, and NARA itself have web archiving as part of their imperative, none of George Washington University and Stanford University in 2016. their mandates are so broad as to cover the capture and preservation of continued on page 28

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 27 URL Nominations End of Term 2016 Presidential Web Archive While domains and subdomains give broad targets for the EOT from page 27 harvesters to crawl, there is important content that exists at all levels of an agency’s presence. This includes departmental, project, initiative, or Every year, the process is updated and expanded. Every election committee home pages which often do not have their own subdomains. brings its own challenges, but the unanticipated outcome of the pres- Of increasing importance are publications like PDFs, datasets, and other idential election of 2016 brought an especially eventful harvest, with content-rich files which may not be discovered by the broader crawls people all over the country suddenly interested in what was captured that start out at higher levels of an agency’s website. during this particularly divisive transition. The EOT projects have several areas of organization, including seed collection, harvesting, and From the beginning, the team agreed it was important to allow people public outreach, that were affected by the changes brought by the most outside the interested organizations to submit government websites for recent presidential election. themselves. This was the case again in 2016, and individuals were able contribute to the project by submitting URLs to a new instance of the What to Harvest URL Nomination Tool for the websites they were interested in harvesting The first step involved in a successful harvest is deciding what, and preserving for the future. In addition to the URL, users were asked exactly, needs to be captured. The End of Term project team has ex- to include the branch of government, the specific government agency, perimented with different ways of establishing the scope of the project and a title for their submission. The team received over 13,000 URLs each time it is completed, and several of them were used during the nominated by 393 different nominators by the end of the 2016 project 2016 EOT project. Web harvesters require a set of starting URLs, or (http://digital2.library.unt.edu/nomination/eth2016/). “seeds” that dictate where to begin the crawling process. To start, the harvester downloads the page designated by a seed URL, extracts all of the URLs on that page, then checks whether the extracted URLs have been crawled, and if they have not, it adds them to the list of URLs to crawl. This process is repeated until the list of new URLs has been exhausted, or until the crawler has been stopped by some other means. This can be done by the operator, or based on some threshold like total gigabytes downloaded, number of URLs in the crawl, or length of time crawling. The federal web has a number of high-level websites that are entry points for users into the wide range of content that is available on the federal web. Sites like USA.gov provide an entry point in the format of a search and discovery portal. Unfortunately not all URLs in the federal web are identified in these systems, so the EOT project group first had to work to identify the overall scope of what content we would harvest. To identify the seed URLs that the EOT project would crawl, and therefore identify the scope of the crawling effort, the team used two primary methods of collecting seeds. These methods were bulk seed lists and URL nominations. These are both described in detail. Bulk Seed Lists URL Nomination Tool Interface for Collecting Community Nominated URLs It may be somewhat surprising, but there is not a definitive list of all of the domains and subdomains that Social Media are managed by the federal government. The U.S. General Services During the prior harvest, the EOT project team realized that they Administration (GSA) has created the U.S. Digital Registry which were missing an important part of the government’s internet presence. is an official list of a large number of these domains, but it is by no Every day, many government agencies interact with and inform their means exhaustive. Different groups within the government handle the constituents via social media sites like Facebook and Twitter. These registration of .gov and .mil domains, both of which are in the scope of interactions are also worth preserving as content of the federal web, and the EOT project. Outside of the domain names, subdomains are often the team took steps to address that in 2012, and again in 2016. George created and managed within the agency that created them, meaning they Washington University was interested in using their locally-developed don’t make the standard lists of federal websites. social media capture platform, Social Feed Manager, to accomplish During the 2016 EOT project, the team used seven or eight different the task, and they were responsible for collecting media from Twitter bulk seed lists, some from previous web crawls, and others collected and Tumblr. The U.S. Digital Registry maintains an active list of the from related projects. Once the lists were compiled, they were added governmental social media accounts currently in use, and encourages to an instance of the URL Nomination Tool that the project team uses to agencies to register their accounts with these sites. This made data manage them. Ultimately, a total of 43,674 seed URLs from ten different collection much easier. More than 9,000 social media accounts were lists were added during the course of the project (http://digital2.library. targeted for collection during the 2016 EOT project. unt.edu/nomination/eth2016_bulk/). continued on page 29

28 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 hard drives. The data, stored in WARC files, included fixity hashes to End of Term 2016 Presidential Web Archive verify file integrity. Altogether, the collecting partners gathered more from page 28 than 200 TB of data. The Internet Archive loaded the aggregate collection of the 2016 EOT into an instance of the Wayback machine, FTP Content and access records were added to the projects website (http://eotarchive. Many government agencies still use FTP (File Transfer Protocol) cdlib.org/). servers to disseminate reports, datasets, and other large collections of content. While the EOT project was originally only focused on HTTP-based content from the web, in 2016 the team expanded the project’s scope to include FTP content. The Internet Archive took responsibility for this portion of the project, and worked to capture all of the FTP content submitted during the nomination phase. This proved to be a difficult task, as the size and scope of the FTP content was much greater than expected. We found that there is a massive amount of content made available to the public via FTP servers from a wide assortment of federal agencies. The amount of content we captured from the FTP servers alone was larger than the entirety of the HTTP- based and social media content. Harvesting the Content End of Term Web Archive Website The 2016 EOT project started in the middle of September, much as it has in prior years. Four separate Lessons Learned in the 2016 EOT Project institutions took responsibility for harvesting. The Internet Archive Planning for the project began in January of 2016. The team held crawled the entirety of the bulk seed lists and the user-nominated content. monthly calls open to all interested parties. The project was a bit different The Library of Congress conducted crawls focused primarily on the in this election cycle, as the team knew that there would be a transition legislative branch. The University of North Texas harvested the .mil in the executive branch of government, given that the previous president domain, as well as the Department of Transportation and FEMA had reached his term limit. This allowed for a more concrete plan. websites. George Washington University used its Social Feed Manager The project began as anticipated in mid-September, and the team was to harvest social media content. moving forward with content capture. Then, in November, the election The project team used the Open Source Heritrix Web Crawler happened, and Donald Trump was announced as the 45th President for its harvesting activities, and saved all output as WARC (Web of the United States. The result was unexpected for many people, and ARChival file format) files. The WARC file format is an ISO (In- some were concerned about the possibility of this new administration ternational Organization for Standardization) standard for storing removing content from the web after the President took office, especially content and HTTP transaction headers generated during the crawling since the administration’s positions on subjects like climate change were process. Because all of the crawling partners used the same file quite different from those of the previous administration. format for storing archival web content, it was easy for us to share Some people in academia, particularly the sciences, publicly ex- data between institutions. pressed this concern, and the media published a number of stories Building a Collection of Publications discussing the possibility of important content being lost or removed After looking through the URLs submitted via the URL Nomination during the transition. A number of initiatives formed in response to this Tool, the University of North Texas (UNT) decided that it would be a concern, like the Guerrilla Archiving Event: Saving Environmental Data good idea to build a collection in the UNT Digital Library to house all from Trump, which was held during December 2016 in Toronto, and of the PDF documents nominated directly. This highly-curated list of several Data Refuge projects that were conducted during the winter of publications represents content that users were specifically interested in 2016 and the spring of 2017. preserving, so UNT decided to offer item descriptions and easy access This brought a lot of new attention to the EOT project. The project for these specific documents. was suddenly exposed to a much broader audience, and it was a blessing With this in mind, the project team at UNT created a collection called in many ways, as it brought with it publicity and interest in the project the End of Term Publications (https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/ itself and in the institutions that were working so hard to collect and collections/EOT/) and included over 1,900 PDF files in the collection. preserve this content for future generations. The possibility of losing Volunteers created metadata for many of these items during the winter content from federal websites came to the forefront of many more of 2016 and spring of 2017, which allowed UNT to make 60 percent people’s minds than it had in years past. of the documents with full descriptions available to the general public. This did present some challenges, however. While many people Over 7,000 uses of the documents have been recorded to date. Many were suddenly thinking of preserving content from the federal web in of these documents are focused on climate change and the environ- the first week of November, the EOT project team had been planning ment, though parole forms and other documents from the Department the harvest since January, and had done the work for the two elections of Justice and publications from the Department of Labor are also prior. The community’s sudden desire to participate was unexpected, included in the collection. and the team struggled to find a way to harness all of this public energy in a productive way. Companies were interested in providing storage Sharing the Harvested Content and computer infrastructure for the project. Individuals wanted to crawl In May of 2017, the project team began to compile all of the sep- content on their own and then contribute it to the project. People that arately harvested data into a single location at the Internet Archive. didn’t know how they could help wanted to talk to the team about ways In the past, the institutions involved in the project have used several that they could contribute. The team was almost overwhelmed by eager technologies to transfer data, but for 2016 the team decided to go with assistants with nothing specific they could do. something a little simpler, and shipped the data directly on large (8TB) continued on page 30

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 29 project forward and made it successful. The 2016 election cycle offered End of Term 2016 Presidential Web Archive new challenges and opportunities in relation to project management, from page 29 channeling user interest, fielding media requests, and gathering and sharing the harvested content. While there were challenges, they were Finally, the team suggested that the most helpful activity for volun- insignificant in comparison to the overall benefit of the project, as well teers was to nominate the URLs of the items that they believed most at as the accomplishments of the project and its project team. risk via the URL Nomination Tool. This influx of nominations helped identify a wide range of content from websites to individual PDFs and References datasets. It was a great help, and it allowed people to contribute in a Data Refuge – https://www.datarefuge.org/ way that they found meaningful. It also exposed a problem with the End of Term Archive Website – http://eotarchive.cdlib.org/ project: the team needed a better web presence to communicate with End of Term Publications Collection – https://digital.library.unt. the public. Currently, the team has a Twitter account that was active edu/explore/collections/EOT/ during the project, but that is clearly not enough, as it is difficult to use as the only primary news and information outlet. In addition, the EOT National Archives and Records Administration (2008). Web Harvest project’s interface, which is hosted by the California Digital Library, Background Information. Available from https://www.archives.gov/files/ wasn’t designed to have a section that listed new content, so updating the records-mgmt/pdf/nwm13-2008-brief.pdf. public via this resource simply wasn’t possible. Now, one of the major Presidential Term 2004 Web Archive – https://www.webharvest.gov/ goals for the 2020 EOT project is to have a better news and information Social Feed Manager – https://gwu-libraries.github.io/sfm-ui/ platform for communicating with those who are interested, including URL Nomination Tool EOT 2016 – http://digital2.library.unt.edu/ information about the project and how people can help. nomination/eth2016/ Conclusion URL Nomination Tool EOT 2016 Bulk – http://digital2.library.unt. The End of Term projects in 2008, 2012, and 2016 were volunteer edu/nomination/eth2016_bulk/ efforts by a number of institutions across the U.S. The time, effort, U.S. Digital Registry – https://www.digitalgov.gov/services/u-s-dig- and infrastructure are all donated by the participating organizations. ital-registry/ The individuals from these institutions are the ones that moved the

Maintaining Access to Public Data: Lessons from Data Refuge by Margaret Janz (Scholarly Communications and Data Curation Librarian, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA)

An Abbreviated History of We quickly got to work planning DataRescue files, complex databases, and embedded and Data Refuge Philly, which would feature a teach-in, a panel interactive data interfaces are not picked up The Data Refuge project began in Decem- discussion, and a day of data archiving, which by most web crawlers and need to be scraped would be informed by a similar event held in or downloaded some other way. We had been ber 2016 after fellows in the Penn Program 4 for Environmental Humanities (PPEH) grew Toronto roughly a month before our event. in touch with a group called Climate Mirror concerned about how the incoming presidential As the fellows started preparing for the that was working on doing just that. At the administration might find ways to limit access teach-in and panel discussion, Wiggin, Kim, time, the volunteers with Climate Mirror were to federal climate and environmental data. and the librarians — primarily Laurie Allen downloading federal data and hosting it on their These concerns stemmed from a public denial and myself — began discussing how to go own servers around the world. We worked of climate change from key figures within the about backing up these data locally. Wiggin with them to help set priorities and avoid du- administration, and its stated intent to disman- reached out to Mark Phillips at the University plication. While we were impressed with the tle the Environmental Protection Agency of North Texas who works on the End of Term tireless efforts of Climate Mirror volunteers, (EPA). Previous administrations had taken (EOT) Harvest, a project that aims to archive as librarians and academics we were concerned actions to limit these data, including that of government websites ahead of presidential ad- about how researchers using these data in the George W. Bush.1 There have also been sim- ministration changes. Phillips told us that one future could have confidence in the copies. ilar actions taken abroad. Canada’s Stephen limitation of the project is that the web crawler It’s easy enough to take the copied version Harper, for example, closed governmental it employs only goes a few layers deep into the and compare it to the original. However, if the libraries of environmental pages. We could provide original is taken away, it’s much more difficult information2 and made rules support by seeding more for someone to trust that the copy is the same. to prevent governmental lower-level URLs to the This became the challenge our team focused scientists from communi- EOT project and we began on ahead of DataRescue Philly. cating with the public.3 thinking about the ways this We decided that one way to instill some With these precedents in could be done. amount of trust would be to require multiple mind, the PPEH fellows, Seeding the EOT project quality checks before data would be archived the PPEH program director was a great way to have in Data Refuge’s cloud storage, and cataloged Bethany Wiggin, PPEH DataRescue Philly attend- in our datarefuge.org open data catalog. Addi- coordinator Patricia Kim, ees participate, particularly tionally, we required that anyone performing and librarians from Penn those who are less tech the checks would need to sign off on their as- Libraries wanted to create savvy, but the web crawlers sessment by including their name in the data’s a refuge for these federal used by EOT are unable to metadata. If the participant preferred to stay data by holding what we capture all types of digital anonymous, a registered username could be called “data rescue” events. information. Large data continued on page 32

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LEARN MORE spiedl.org this goal, but the nonlinear organization makes The most significant lesson that came Maintaining Access to Public Data ... it very difficult to keep track of what exists so out of Data Refuge concerns the nature of from page 30 it can be captured and preserved. the problem we sought to solve. From the Not knowing what or how much data the very beginning of the project, many people used in place of their real name. This was not government creates is a major obstacle for generously offered to provide storage space the optimal solution to the question of trust, efforts to back up and maintain access to and technical skills for our efforts. Technical but we felt it was a sufficient solution for our them. Data.gov is one attempt at keeping solutions are all important for working in this purposes. track of and cataloging federal data. Data. problem space, but we found as we dug deeper An Event Becomes a Movement gov is an overarching catalog of open federal that technology is only one part of the problem; data. The small data.gov team has done an many technical solutions have been attempted In the meantime, our work in this area or considered by various stakeholders at var- caught the attention of the media. We were amazing job working with agencies to easily and incrementally make an inventory process ious points in history. The more complicated fielding a large number of interviews, some in problem is one of culture and communication. high-profile outlets. We started hearing from simple, more inclusive, and largely automatic. An agency works with data.gov to set up an All of the professionals who work with these other institutions and individuals who wanted data have established workflows to meet their to help however they could: share storage account and learn the workflow, and then the agency can create metadata files thatdata.gov own internal needs. While many groups have space and technical skills, share their stories, overlapping goals, it’s rare that one group’s or host their own DataRescue events. The can automatically read and import into their catalog. This is a fairly low effort addition to workflow works nicely with another’s. Getting response was beautiful and overwhelming. any group, in any scenario, to alter its workflow DataRescue events started being planned all an agency’s workflow. After learning more about how data.gov works, we at Penn think to benefit a different group is enormously chal- over the country — and a few abroad — over lenging. These changes also require excellent, the next several months. Many of the events libraries could support and adapt the process in order to catalog the federal, state, and local reciprocal communication, which is in itself were held at universities, and they were very difficult. Data.gov’s simple metadata often planned by graduate students, civic data that matter to their researchers. Another lesson we learned about federal file creation is one great example of how these tech groups, and small groups of librarians. challenges can be overcome. During DataRescue Philly, we, along with data is that they share the various vulnerabili- incredible partners, notably Justin Schell from ties of all born-digital information. Different Moving to the Libraries+ Network University of Michigan, Ben Goldman from technical vulnerabilities put born-digital infor- Throughout spring 2017 we continued to Penn State, and Rachel Appel and Delphine mation at risk. For example, proprietary file connect with a wide variety of people who Khanna from Temple University, developed formats become outdated. Hardware breaks work directly and indirectly with federal data. a workflow for data archiving that we were down over time, as does the information itself We spoke to many librarians hosting DataRes- able to share with these events. Members of as bits corrode and files become corrupted. A cue events and started thinking that a network the Environmental Data Governance Ini- lack of description, context, or sufficient doc- of libraries working to backup and archive tiative (EDGI), an organization that shared umentation also renders data useless. these data could be a solution. This was similar our concerns and with which we’d worked Political factors are another potential risk to an idea articulated by Jim Jacobs and James closely, also developed a workflow for seeding for these data. Not only might an administra- Jacobs in their work with Free Government the EOT that they introduced at DataRescue tion actively attempt to limit access to data, Information (https://freegovinfo.info/): a Philly. We shared these workflows with other more passive measures such as cutting budgets sort of reboot of the Federal Depository Li- DataRescue event organizers, and those of us is another way to lose curatorial staff and fail brary Program (FDLP) oriented toward the who were most familiar with the details helped to meet maintenance priorities. There may collective distributed management of federal organizers prepare and then troubleshoot issues be legal protections for some data otherwise digital content.6 remotely during their events. By June 2017, vulnerable to political risks, but the enforce- We also talked to city planners, people in about fifty individualDataRescue events had ability of those protections may or may not the open data community, researchers in federal taken place, thousands of URLs had been be apparent. Weighing the risks inherent to agencies, data managers and curators, journal- seeded to the EOT, and over 400 datasets had specific datasets to assess their vulnerability is ists, and archivists. Just like the librarians we’d been uploaded into datarefuge.org. an important part of prioritizing our work. We spoken with, all of these knowledgeable stake- spoke to a number of the stewards who work Lessons holders have been thinking about how to make with these data within agencies and in affiliat- these important data and other born-digital The workflows developed in January that ed data centers, and their intimate knowledge most events used were a great response to our resources available for the long haul in one way about the data puts them among the best suited or another. Each group had been doing great concerns, but we knew this plan of action was to make these assessments. Their expertise not a long-term, sustainable way to ensure things in their own communities, but no one is integral to protecting access to these data. group had solved the problem. No one group continued access to these data. We are so A lesson we set out to impart through proud of the work volunteers did at the many had identified all of the challenges; blind spots DataRescue Philly and other events was that existed for everyone. As we pieced together DataRescue events throughout the first half federal data are more than products of specific of 2017 and we learned so much from them the work being done, we could tell that even research projects and legislatively-mandated with all the pieces, there were still blind spots. and the other amazing people we spoke to administrative functions. It was important to during this time. These lessons would serve This problem can’t be solved by a network that us to have a path at our event that focused on consists solely of libraries; we need a network as the cornerstones in moving the project to telling the stories of how these data are used by the next phase. with all these key partners working together. local organizations and professionals to make We decided the best thing to do would be to One important lesson learned by DataRes- decisions that impact the community on a daily connect these groups and get these brilliant cue event attendees who worked on seeding basis. City planners, architects, real estate de- people to talk to each other, identify the chal- URLs to the EOT was how government web- velopers, and social service providers are just a lenges they face, and try to define the problem sites are organized. At first blush, government few examples of groups that rely on these data space so that we can all start experimenting data and information appears to be a rabbit hole to improve life for citizens in their cities and with long term solutions. of disorganized fragments. The more time towns. Raising awareness that data aren’t only we spent with it and the more we spoke with used for scientific study, and connecting data Libraries+ Network May Meeting data creators within the agencies, the more we to humans makes the issue more pressing for a On May 8-9, 2017, we did just that. Togeth- understood that the information they provide much larger group. To quote Eric Holthaus, a er with the Association of Research Libraries is designed to serve the public’s various and climate journalist and friend to Data Refuge, (ARL) and the Mozilla Foundation, we held a specific needs for short-term or immediate “We are all part of this story. This is our story, meeting with many of these stakeholder groups access. They’re quite successful at achieving we are shaping it every day.”5 continued on page 33

32 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 promise in the project that the University Maintaining Access to Public ... of Pittsburgh and the Carnegie Library Endnotes from page 32 of Pittsburgh are doing with the Western 1. Cheryl Hogue, “Bush’s Legacy at EPA,” Pennsylvania Regional Data Center and Chemical & Engineering News 86 (51): 27-31. in Washington DC at New America, a think the Urban Institute. On the national level, http://pubs.acs.org/cen/email/html/cen_86_ tank that focuses on technology and policy. we’re watching the Code for Science and i51_8651gov1.html One outcome was the mapping of the problem Society as they work to pilot a mirror of 2. CBCNews, “Research library’s closure shows space (http://libraries.network/problem- data.gov that inventories federal datasets Harper government targets science ‘at every turn,’ space), which serves as a helpful reminder of that are already being archived at research union says,” last modified August 21, 2015,http:// what we’re working towards, and that there institutions. We’re also really excited about www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/research-li- will be neither a single nor a simple solution. brary-s-closure-shows-harper-government-tar- the work being done by the Preservation gets-science-at-every-turn-union-says-1.3199761. of Electronic Government Information The meeting also got the group talking 3. Lesley Evans Ogden, “Nine Years of Censor- about the work that’s been done so far and (PEGI) project and the Government Re- ship.” Nature 533 (7601): 26-8, last modified May where we’d like to be in 2020. Some projects cords Transparency group of the Digital 3, 2016, http://www.nature.com/news/nine-years- started to emerge by the end of the two-day Library Federation. of-censorship-1.19842. meeting and attendees left with some ideas 4. Kathleen O’Brien, “U of T Preserving about paths forward. The meeting was dense Stay Involved, Y’all Environmental Websites in Response to Trump and brought to light many challenges and We know there are many paths to reach Presidency,” U of T News, last modified De- opportunities. Many who are tackling their this goal. The workflow we used initially cember 14, 2016, https://www.utoronto.ca/ pieces of this endeavor are still in planning news/u-t-preserving-environmental-websites-re- with DataRescue events has been retired, sponse-trump-presidency. mode, but updates will continue to come but we still have a number of other ideas for forth. 5. Eric Holthaus, “Final thoughts that NY- hosting events to engage your community Mag Story.” Today in Weather & Climate, last Our team at Penn has only just begun on our website: http://www.ppehlab.org/ modified July 17, 2017, https://tinyletter.com/ to think about how to continue these efforts datarescueworkflow. People also frequent- sciencebyericholthaus/letters/today-in-weather- and support the overarching goals, and more ly ask us what their institutions should do climate-final-thoughts-that-nymag-story-edition- interested organizations continue to reach out to help our efforts. Our answer is always monday-july-17th. to us. The storytelling project continues to the same: Something. Anything. Figure 6. James A. Jacobs and James R. Jacobs, “A grow and expand with Wiggin and others. As out what’s important to your communities. Long-Term Goal For Creating A Digital Govern- we rethink our repository services at Penn, Consider your capacity for doing some- ment-Information Library Infrastructure,” Librar- we’re discussing instituting a catalog of data thing. Experiment. Then — and this is ies+ Network, last modified February 27, 2017, https://libraries.network/blog/2017/3/7/a-long-t being created or used by our researchers key — report back so we can learn from erm-goal-for-creating-a-digital-government-in- and employing other lessons from Data and build off each other. We can only solve formation-library-infrastructure. Refuge. Regionally, we think there’s great this problem together.

Documentation as Data Rescue: Restoring a Collection of Canadian Health Survey Files by Kristi Thompson (Data Librarian, Leddy Library, University of Windsor)

Background In 2011, the Government of Canada launched an open data pilot, In Canada, most nationally representative survey data is collected by a move that was applauded by data librarians and researchers across Statistics Canada, our national statistical agency. Statistics Canada Canada as well as internationally. An open data portal soon provided data are generally considered to be of high quality, and the agency has access to thousands of geospatial and economic datasets, and in 2012 long been the primary source for nationally representative surveys of the the pilot became a permanent program.1 In 2014, the Canadian Directive Canadian population. In American terms, Statistics Canada — which on Open Government came into effect, requiring that data be “released takes the straightforward, if acronym-limiting, Canadian standard for in accessible and reusable formats.” 2 Soon departments ranging from naming federal agencies with a guiding noun followed by “Canada” — Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to Veterans Canada began uploading roughly takes the place of the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor data collections to the portal. Statistics, the National Center for Health Statistics, and the Center for Education Statistics, as well as collecting data on behalf of a number The Collection of other departments and agencies. Once collected, data are published One department adding data to the portal was Health Canada, the through several outlets including the Data Liberation Initiative, a national public health agency. Although the portal lacks a system for program in which data files are processed byStatistics tracking upload dates, it is apparent that at some point the agency quietly Canada into formats suitable for use by researchers and began to add to the portal a collection of public opinion research studies students, and then released to a country-wide network that had been conducted by various survey firms on behalf of Health of librarians and library representatives for distribution Canada to assess opinions and behavior on policy-relevant health at their respective academic institutions. However, as questions. These surveys were quite unknown except, presum- a single agency with a broad mandate in a very large ably, to people who peruse internal Health Canada reports. In country with a relatively small population base, they are other words, this was a treasure trove of unmined, nationally not able to collect, process, and release nearly as much representative survey data on Canada. In 2015, the author survey data as researchers might wish. In addition, accidentally came across this data collection and realized other government agencies also maintain large primar- that it was likely to be of great value to researchers if the ily administrative data collections to support their own data were to be made available in appropriate forms for operations. These collections generally do not make it research use. Unfortunately, the files as released were into the Statistics Canada-to-university data pipeline and difficult, and in some cases impossible, to use. at one point were largely inaccessible. continued on page 34

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 33 relating to the original survey such as notes on which respondents were Documentation as Data Rescue: Restoring a Collection ... asked which questions. A questionnaire containing seventy questions from page 33 might accompany a dataset with over one hundred variables. Dealing with a raw data file without a data dictionary is rather like attempting Canadian data librarians are used to dealing with well-documented to translate a document in an unknown language without a dictionary. and structured government survey files released by Statistics Canada A few data files were released without any documentation at all, through the Data Liberation Initiative (DLI). These user-ready files only columns of numbers and a survey title. These surveys were in the are published in formats compatible with popular software packages most urgent need of rescue. Our only hope for rescuing these files was for data analysis such as SPSS. They come with documentation that that many of these surveys appeared to be quite recent — when dates explains where, when, and how the data were collected, what questions were available they ranged between 2009 and 2014. We hoped that this were asked in the original surveys, and what codes were applied. The meant that people involved in the original data collection might still be Health Canada data files lacked all this crucial supplementary infor- working at Health Canada and would have access to original survey mation, and I found this mystifying in more ways than one: the data questionnaires and other files themselves were difficult or impossible to understand, and I was also puzzled that they had been released in such incomprehensible condition. Rescue At our next meeting, I raised this issue with the Ontario Data We first used the general contact addresses provided on the Open Community (ODC), a provincial network of academic data librarians Data Portal to request the missing data dictionaries. We were not and other professionals under the aegis of the Ontario Council of surprised when these requests failed to produce any results; several of University Libraries. During our subsequent discussion, I discov- the portal data pages already had comments from members of the public ered that members of the ODC were already working with additional pointing out the uselessness of undocumented data and complaining that Government of Canada data collections that were not available from similar efforts had been futile. However, additional research through Statistics Canada, including some vintage surveys held by Library online government document collections turned up Health Canada and Archives Canada and census files residing in various university reports relating to the surveys we were looking at. While not as useful collections. After further discussion and investigation, in December as a questionnaire or a data dictionary, this documentation did provide 2015 a small group of volunteers from the ODC formed the Ontario some context and details on the surveys. We also came across references Data Rescue Group. In forming our group, we were joining a tradition to related surveys and added these to our list of data in need of rescue. of Canadian university data rescue work, including efforts at Carleton Most importantly, the reports provided a contact email for “questions 3 4 University and the University of Alberta. We decided that as one of and concerns” regarding the surveys. Our messages were answered by our first projects we would focus on theOpen Data Portal and develop an initially confused but very helpful employee in the communications an inventory of at-risk survey files in need of rescue, with the hope of and public affairs department of Health Canada. After some further eventually sharing rescued data on the Ontario academic data portal correspondence we were put in touch with a health department researcher 5 ODESI. We were particularly excited to discover survey files on topics who agreed to search through old project files and see what was avail- that are not well covered in other Canadian public data sources, such as able. We started by requesting material on a 2011 survey, Knowledge, HIV and sexual behavior, adolescent drug use and attitudes, children’s Perceptions, Awareness and Behaviours Relating to Immunization health and safety, and First Nations populations. among First Nations and Inuit, as this was one of the surveys for which Unlike many data rescue projects, our group faced a situation in we had no documentation at all. which the data files we were targeting were available through a stable Our new Health Canada contact was happy to respond to our ques- government portal and in no apparent risk of disappearing. They were tions and had the technical background to provide useful answers. We even available in open, non-proprietary formats such as .csv (comma soon obtained complete documentation for the immunization survey, separated values, a text format used by MS Excel and read by virtually as well as for the 2011 Children’s Health and Safety Survey, another any database software). The issue was not, in fact, a fear that this data survey from 2009 on drinking water quality, and a major collection would disappear, or that the software to read it would become obsolete, of surveys on use of and attitudes toward drugs by young adults. We or any of the other usual data loss concerns. The issue was simply one were particularly gratified to receive data files for some surveys that of documentation. were already formatted for the statistical software package SPSS. This In order to understand why data with inadequate documentation is meant that we could skip the lengthy process of writing command files in need of rescue, it is important to explain structured data files. For a to read the data and move directly to reviewing the data, checking it piece of software, a new remote control, or an IKEA bookcase, a lack against the documentation, and preparing to publish it for research use. of documentation may make things difficult, but a determined user will Health Canada does not seem to have a good system in place for often be able to proceed through trial and error. A survey data file is keeping track of its older research data. Locating surviving survey files just columns of numbers, so this is not an option. An unlabeled column has been a slow and uncertain process, and at this point the agency is (or “variable”) that contains nothing but the numbers “1” through “7” relying on our group to discover evidence of surveys that have been might represent a respondent’s opinion on drug labeling practices, their conducted, after which our Health Canada contact will search for the level of education, a count of their current sex partners, or a measure of data. So far the oldest survey we have requested is a historically sig- vegetable consumption. Without some way of knowing both what type nificant HIV attitudes survey from 2003. Unfortunately, after several of information is associated with each column and what each code in searches our contact told us that as far as she could tell no data files the column represents, a data file is useless. for that particular survey seemed to exist. It was too late for rescue. Some of these data collections had been released with data dictio- In one happier case, our group managed to locate a survey that staff naries, which are text files that give a technical description of what each at Health Canada thought lost. Our contact sent us a set of files that column contains. These files are not exactly user-friendly — a great contained what appeared to be multiple versions of the third wave of a deal of work is needed to ready them for actual use — but it is at least study on adolescent drug use. After searching through old reports and theoretically possible for a knowledgeable person to make use of them. using technical details, such as the respondent counts, we managed to In other cases, the data was not accompanied by a data dictionary, but identify one of the files as a missing fourth wave of the survey. the original survey questionnaire was included. These files are even less As of this writing, we also are working with some older data collec- useful; while the questionnaire could be used to make educated guesses tions, some of which date back to the 1970s. We have not been fortunate about what question each column of data corresponds to, the meanings enough to locate preformatted files for these surveys, but many of these of the numbers in the columns could still be unclear and would probably older files are accompanied by data dictionaries. Our first successful require additional guesswork. In addition, the final version of a survey restoration of an older dataset was of the Alcohol Consumption Survey data file will often include a number of columns that do not correspond 1978. The open data portal included the all-important codebook and directly to questions in the original survey. Data can be grouped or data dictionary, and we have been able to locate some of the contextual recategorized, new variables can be created by combining other ones, files that are so valuable to researchers in various library government and other variables can be added to document technical information continued on page 35

34 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 preserved and shared with the best of intentions may be in need of rescue Documentation as Data Rescue: Restoring a Collection ... and curation. The point of curating data is to make sure that it will be from page 34 available for use both now and into the future, because data without adequate accompanying documentation cannot be used. document collections. We used the documentation to write a syntax file to read the data into a statistical software package, which we then The Ontario Data Rescue Group consists of: used to check that the data matched the technical information in the data Alexandra Cooper, Queen’s University dictionary and that everything present in the data file was accounted Jane Fry, Carleton University for in the documentation. During this process, we needed to backtrack Walter Giesbrecht, York University several times as we discovered inconsistencies between the data file and the documentation. We also performed some customizations to make the Vince Gray, University of Western Ontario data easier to use and interpret before loading it into a data portal and Vivek Jadon, McMaster University saving an archival copy to a secure academic cloud. The syntax used Amber Leahey, Scholars Portal to make changes to the data is retained with the documentation to help keep the process as transparent as possible for our data users. While Susan Mowers, University of Ottawa working on this survey we kept notes on the steps that were taking to Kristi Thompson, University of Windsor help streamline the process. These notes have been incorporated into the Leanne Trimble, University of Toronto Data Rescue and Curation Guide for Data Rescuers, a how-to manual being developed by the group. Lessons Endnotes One lesson from the experiences of the Ontario Data Rescue Group 1. Government of Canada, “Canada’s Action Plan on Open Govern- is that librarians without any technical or statistical background can still ment 2012-2014,” last modified Sept. 22, 2016. http://open.canada.ca/ make valuable contributions to data rescue projects. Much of our work en/canadas-action-plan-open-government has involved searching for reports in government document collections 2. Ibid, “Directive on Open Government,” last modified October 9, 2014. and collating information on the different research projects from which http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/pol/doc-eng.aspx?id=28108 our data rescue targets were derived. Data rescue does not always mean 3. Jane Fry, “Data Rescue in Canada, A Case Study,” presented at the heroically saving files from deletion by malevolent custodians. Some- International Association for Social Science Information Services & Technology (IASSIST) conference (Ithaca, New York, June 2, 2010). times it means the library detective work of searching through archives http://www.iassistdata.org/downloads/2010/2010_c3_fry.pdf of neglected government documents, cross-checking details to track 4. Alberta Research Council, “The Alberta Hail Project Meteorological changes in content over time, or trawling departmental contact lists in and Barge-Humphries Radar Archive,” (UAL Dataverse, 2016). http:// hope of reaching that one person who knows where a file originated. dx.doi.org/10.7939/DVN/10672 Data rescue is a time-sensitive endeavor. Data collections that have 5. Ontario Council of University Libraries, ODESI, last modified been separated from the data creators, making it difficult to track down November 21, 2017. http://odesi.ca/ lost contextual information, are particularly at risk. Even data being

Data Mirror: Complementing Data Producers by John Chodacki (Director, University of California Curation Center)

ata Mirror is a collaborative project additional issues down the road. The Data existing systems and offers redundancy to the between the University of California Mirror project (datamirror.org) is working to data.gov metadata catalog and preservation DCuration Center (UC3) and Code exemplify a different possible path forward. services to its underlying datasets. Providing for Science & Society (CSS), a non-profit Data Mirror is a complete, and routinely alternative search and retrieval opportunities organization committed to improving access to updated, copy of the main federal government helps to ensure that these important data re- data for the public good. We are interested in research data portal, data.gov. Hosted by main available for study and use in perpetuity preserving federal data because we know that the UC3 at the California Digital Library while keeping existing Federal workflows the research produced, collected, or funded by (CDL), Data Mirror points back to the “data- intact. Without building entirely new systems the federal government are an integral part of sets of record” on federal agency websites or processes, government research groups the rich tapestry of the nation’s cultural and for routine access. Why? Because those are can continue to rely upon their existing scholarly record, and are critical resources the copies that are cared for and handled by workflows. for advancing scholarship, public policy, and the data producers themselves, and there- We have worked directly with the team governmental transparency and accountability. fore, those copies should be referenced and at data.gov to ensure we are respecting their However, we in the library and preservation used by researchers. However, should these existing workflows. With the support of the community often forget that the data producers access paths become interrupted or inacces- wider library and preservation community, we within the federal government have compre- sible, Data Mirror also includes pointers to would like to enhance the Data Mirror portal hensive preservation strat- CDL-managed copies, as to include the ability for our communities to egies and workflows of well as additional reg- propose enriched metadata or the addition of their own. Although we istered replicas hosted new datasets through the portal, which would are focused on helping by other institutions. be communicated back to the agencies and solve problems, many In this model, data. data.gov. It is that round-tripping of federal times we unnecessar- gov and the mandates data preservation (through existing channels!) ily create duplicative that it works under re- that would truly build long-term collaboration or parallel solutions main the center of the between those producing government data that cut the federal re- workflow. Basically, and those focusing on the preservation of search groups out of the Data Mirror works government data. conversation and can cause as a back-up of the

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 35 Preservation of Electronic Government Information (PEGI) Project by Roberta Sittel (Department Head of Government Information Connection, University of North Texas Libraries)

he Preservation of Electronic Govern- a framework3 to engage national leaders in a served as chair of the Depository Library ment Information (PEGI) Project is a structured, facilitated dialogue about at-risk Council, and some have limited connections Ttwo-year initiative aimed at addressing digital government information and aimed to to digital preservation community. To this national concerns around the collection and explore the development of a national agenda point, the PEGI Project is informed by the preservation of born-digital government in- to address preservation and access of elec- previously mentioned DPFIS meetings and, formation by cultural memory organizations tronic government information. Outcomes of in part, by initiatives that have gained promi- for long-term public use. The Project grew, the summit revealed a shared concern among nence in recent months, including DataRefuge in part, from a panel discussion at the 2015 participants about the high risk of loss of elec- and the Environmental Data Governance Depository Library Council meeting and a tronic government information and a shared Initiative (EDGI). number of national meetings. consensus about the need for an active coalition Our committee consists of government across public and private sectors to address The PEGI Origin Story information librarians who oversee Federal preservation in this area. One surprising out- Depository Library Program (FDLP) col- At the October 2015 meeting of the De- come of the summit was a lack of consistency lections, which are shifting in information pository Library Council (DLC), a panel in terminology. Despite participants being transmission from print-centric to born-digital convened to discuss collaborative models of from similar and closely aligned professions, content. The committee is aware of outdated preserving federal government information. it quickly became apparent that each discipline 4 requirements and shortcomings of Title 44, Panelists included librarians from California, defines some of the same terms differently. which is the federal law that governs the Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, as well Terms like record, data, and publication dif- GPO, the FDLP, Office of Management and as then-Dean of the University of North Texas fered greatly across professional practices. Budget (OMB) and NARA. It is one of the Libraries, Dr. Martin Halbert. During this Based on takeaways from the DPFIS, Dr. goals of the Project to document and distill session, the discussion largely focused on Halbert decided to convene another group of the policy and guidance around production, preservation of physical collections and the interested participants in conjunction with the dissemination, and preservation of government conversion of tangible collections to digital 2016 fall CNI meeting. This much smaller information. format. Dr. Halbert, in contrast, spoke of the meeting addressed some of the same issues, critical importance to advance an agenda of Members on the steering committee facili- further evidencing the need for a shared vo- tate discussions that help to inform the Project preserving electronic, i.e., born-digital, gov- cabulary and a better understanding of current ernment information. As information shifts on issues of infrastructure and workflows laws, practices, and preservation efforts. Ad- related to preserving electronic information as to a digital born environment, libraries and ditionally, this meeting brought together many archives do not have the automatic fail-safes well as converting tangible content to digital of the individuals who would eventually join formats. Additionally, all of the steering com- that they do for tangible materials, where PEGI’s steering committee. At the closure of items are received, made discoverable and mittee members bring experience and expertise this meeting, participants reached consensus to in approaching projects and large initiatives then found and used by researchers. In most pursue grant funding to conduct an environmen- cases, librarians and researchers are not aware collaboratively. The Project is identifying tal scan that would address the core set of themes existing digital preservation partnerships and of materials produced and published solely on and concerns common to the DPFIS meetings the web. Publishing directly to the web by projects to understand efforts in this area and and to engage relevant stakeholders on broader ways the PEGI Project can align with these federal agencies and commissions circumvents needs and future implications of preserving reporting and listing requirements within Title efforts for greater collective impact. 1 electronic government information. It was 44, Section 1902, thus making discoverability decided to move forward as the PEGI Project. The Project has engaged in a number of that much more difficult. During the DLC interviews with representatives across the discussion Dr. Halbert noted, “It will be a Informing the PEGI Project federal government. PEGI Project team mem- challenge to cultivate a stronger consensus The PEGI Project is directed by its steering bers met with employees from the Library of on the understanding of and importance of committee — Martin Halbert (now at the Congress Digital Preservation unit, NARA, preserving digital government information.”2 University of North Carolina at Greens- the GPO, the Consumer Financial Protection Dr. Halbert left the 2015 DLC meeting with boro); Roberta Sittel (University of North Bureau (CFPB), the Marine Mammal Com- the intention to build that stronger consensus Texas); Marie Concannon (University of mission (MMC), and FEDLINK, the Federal and to engage stakeholders within libraries, Missouri); James R. Jacobs (Stanford Uni- Library and Information Network, which archives, and research communities in con- versity); Lynda Kellam (University of North promotes consortia resources sharing among versation about the importance of preserving Carolina at Greensboro); Shari Laster federal agencies. From these interviews, born-digital information and with the federal (now at Arizona State University); and Scott the team members learned more about the government about current policy and practice Matheson (Yale University School of Law). challenges of adapting print-centric law and around information creation and possibilities The PEGI steering committee also includes policy to an electronic environment. Based on for better preservation. Bernie Reilly and Marie Waltz, both of the these interviews, the Project team is looking to In conjunction with the 2016 spring Co- Center for Research Libraries, and Deborah identify additional agencies to consult regard- alition for Networked Information (CNI) Caldwell, a graduate research assistant at the ing challenges and benefits with born-digital meeting, a group of librarians, archivists, University of North Texas. The steering com- content as well as continuing conversations technologists, and information professionals mittee works in consult with staff at the U.S. with NARA and GPO. gathered for the Digital Preservation of Fed- Government Publishing Office (GPO) and eral Information Summit (DPFIS). Lead the National Archives and Records Admin- Activities and Outcomes of by Dr. Halbert and istration (NARA). the PEGI Project the University of We are primarily As mentioned above, the PEGI Project North Texas, the government infor- is a two-year initiative, with 2017 being the DPFIS used Col- mation librarians, inaugural year, and year two concluding De- lective Impact as four of whom have continued on page 38

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EXPLORE THE ORE COLLECTION AT OXFORDRE.COM Ongoing throughout both years of the practices and potential efforts to create Preservation of Electronic ... Project is an environmental scan that aims to improved scenarios for future researcher from page 36 identify aligned projects and existing digital communities to access tomorrow what is repositories; gain a better understanding of available today. To learn more about the cember 2018. The first year of the Project, policy and law around information production, PEGI Project’s objectives and activities, visit funded by the University of North Texas dissemination and preservation; and describe pegiproject.org. (UNT) and the Center for Research Librar- differences in vocabulary and terminology ies (CRL), included a series of interviews across the library, archives and other aligned with representatives from federal agencies, communities. Additionally, the Project team Endnotes steering committee meetings, and the begin- intends to continue to engage federal agencies 1. Public Printing and Documents, 44 U.S.C. ning of an environmental scan. and other identified stakeholders in one-on- § 1902 (2012), accessed November 14, For year two of the Project, PEGI re- one interviews. The interviews conducted 2017, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/ ceived an Institute of Museum and Library during year one of the Project showed that text/44/1902. Services (IMLS) National Leadership for federal agencies are interested in engaging 2. United States Government Publish- ing Office, “2015 Depository Library Libraries grant to support a series of mini-fo- more deliberately with the dissemination, access and preservation of their information Council Meeting and Federal Depository rums to engage stakeholder communities in Library Conference,” accessed September conversation around the importance of pre- products. The PEGI Project hopes to inform 20, 2017, https://www.fdlp.gov/acade- serving electronic government information ways for all interested parties to convene more my/2015-dlc-meeting-and-fdl-conference. and perceived future needs and potential bar- deliberately. 3. Collaboration for Collective Impact. riers. The year’s activities will culminate in a In conclusion, the PEGI Project aims to “The Collective Impact Framework,” ac- larger national forum that aims to synthesize raise concerns and articulate solutions around cessed September 20, 2017, http://www.col- information gathered across the mini-forums. the high risk for loss of electronic govern- laborationforimpact.com/collective-impact/. Utilizing the model of Collective Impact, the ment information, and to address modes for 4. Halbert, Martin, Katherine Skinner, national forum aims to articulate common preservation and permanent public access to and Robbie Sittel, “Digital Preservation of Federal Information Summit: Reflections,” issues across stakeholder groups, identify born-digital government information. The report from the Digital Preservation of Fed- interconnections and synergies, and end with library and archival community is, in some eral Information Summit, April 3-4, 2016, a review of activities leading to a final report, ways, ill-prepared for collecting, describing, accessed September 20, 2017, https://digital. which will serve as a blueprint for future and making available electronic government library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc826639/. PEGI efforts. information. PEGI aims to identify current

Book Reviews — Monographic Musings Column Editor: Regina Gong (Open Educational Resources (OER) Project Manager/Head of Technical Services and Systems, Lansing Community College Library)

Column Editor’s Note: I cannot believe 2017 is almost over. It related individual projects in LAM (Libraries, Archives and Museums). has been another banner year for me both professionally and per- The introduction, by editor Ed Jones (National University, San Diego), sonally. I have done a number of exciting projects this year mainly eases the reader into the complex waters of linked data with a straight- related to OER, with the biggest thing being that I am now managing forward example of a search for Hugo’s Hunchback of Notre Dame. A a $500K budget intended for our faculty to move their courses into by-now familiar “Knowledge Graph” box appears to the upper right on OER. I also travelled a lot this year with the most memorable trip search results screens that pulls specially structured data, images, etc., being one to Jordan and Israel as part of our Holy Land pilgrimage. from websites such as Wikipedia, Amazon, organization websites, etc. It was indeed a life-changing experience and one that I would like to The curious searcher can then click on highlighted data points of interest do again in the near future. to trigger new searches leading to fuller information about a particular aspect, e.g., clicking on Hugo’s birthplace leads to zoomable views of As usual, we have a collection of good reviews from our regular the town of Besançon in France, its current weather, time, places of book reviewers. I have a new book reviewer from Michigan State interest, size, etc. This example segues into an explanation over the University Libraries, Robin Dean, who gladly volunteered to review span of just a few pages of what linked data is, how it works, and how the book Dynamic Research Support for Academic Libraries. I hope it differs from HTML, and amusingly describes a dreamt-of future “nir- this is not her last time reviewing a book for this column. And if you vana” scenario when one’s cellphone schedules medical appointments want to be a book reviewer yourself, please let me know. Just send me and selects the best books for one’s research needs by just entering a an email at . There’s always a free book waiting few simple voice commands. Jones then sketches the five-star rating for you if you do. Happy reading! — RG system outlined by Tim Berners-Lee in 2010 for elements in achieving fully linked and open data, and offers a “very simple description of Jones, Ed and Michele Seikel, editors. Linked Data for Cultural linked data” to introduce the reader to the essential concepts of RDF (Resource Description Framework) and the SPARQL query language Heritage Chicago, IL: ALA Editions, 2016. 978083914397. for searching an RDF database of “triplestores.” This brief opening 134 pages. $67.00 sets the stage for the six chapters that follow containing more in-depth discussions of projects, challenges, and possibilities of linked data and Reviewed by Don Todaro (Director of Reference/Research and related standards, ontologies, vocabularies, etc. Collections Management, Library of Michigan) The volume opens with a survey of significant linked data projects across the cultural heritage domain, such as Europeana and the Digital Public Library of America, in the chapter “Linked Open Data and The slim volume Linked Data for Cultural Heritage, an edited col- the Cultural Heritage Landscape” by Hilary Thorsen (Stanford lection of six short chapters, provides a diverse range of perspectives by University) and M. Cristina Pattuelli (Pratt Institute). The brief noted experts on the current state of developments with linked data and continued on page 39

38 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 This wonderful book is written by Karen Munro, head of the Book Reviews University of Oregon Portland Library and Learning Commons. from page 38 Previously, she held librarian positions at the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Oregon in Eugene. Her biography summaries serve as background to an extensive overview of the Linked also states that she has an MFA from the University of Iowa Writers’ Jazz project, hosted at the Pratt Institute. This archive is built around Workshop, which is not hard to believe because it is a masterfully written transcribed interviews of jazz musicians from several sources with links book about change management. to audio and video recordings, as well as biographical information. A The real value of this work is the balance between neighbor and zoomable graphical interface of known relationships among musicians community innovation and change that is generally known as “tactical is based upon these interviews and other sources. The project uses text urbanism” and how it applies to what we do in libraries. Examples of mining techniques to infer influences of one artist upon another. The “tactical urbanism” include guerrilla gardens in vacant lots, popup-stores project illustrates how linked open data (LOD) can help overcome the in empty buildings and many others. It involves local solutions for “walled gardens approach to data management” and bring new users local problems and empowers community residents to take ownership to related resources more seamlessly. of problems in their neighborhoods, rather than shrug and let them The second chapter, “Making MARC Agnostic,” details the migration grow worse. Munro does a great job of showcasing a number of these of the venerable English Short Title Catalog (ESTC) from MARC to a programs, primarily from New York City. She provides some great linked data environment that includes a tool for librarians and scholars case studies of these programs and how they were able to improve to participate. Chapter 3 examines the way controlled vocabularies community problems, like the Astoria Scum River Bridge in Queens as traditionally used in the library world are being translated to the (New York City). semantic web. In chapter 4 the focus is on authority control and its After introducing this topic, and showcasing how people have been reimagining for the web, with discussions of identifiers, ontologies and able to improve their communities, she ventures forward to showcase vocabularies to create more meaningful links and to create mappings how librarians are using the same tactics to improve their libraries. between terms in various systems for large scale web application. The She showcases a large number of case studies of librarians using these most challenging chapter of the book, and at 35 pages, almost twice tactics to improve services, fill needs, and otherwise address the unmet the length of any other chapter, “A Division of Labor” provides an needs of their communities. Most importantly, she shows how these insider’s perspective on OCLC’s experimentation with Schema.org unstructured projects can move more quickly than librarians are used to and LC’s BIBFRAME model to convert millions of MARC records to operating. She provides a number of case studies of library programs linked data. A detailed historical account of Schema and BIBFRAME that grew up with this tradition, a counter to the more methodical and is given as well as examples of current work involving monographs and deliberate way that librarians typically embrace change. Case studies the problems of AV conversion. An excellent closing chapter by Sally showcase projects such as Librarybox (providing wireless connections McCallum (LC), which may be profitably read before the other chapters, in places where wifi is not currently provided), Shelflogic (a different is entitled “BIBFRAME and Linked Data for Libraries.” It explains the way of shelving and arranging physical objects in a public library) and fundamental differences between MARC and BIBFRAME in concise, MarcEdit (a critical software that many librarians use to manage large easily understood language, all the while introducing various concepts data files of MARC Records). Each of these are followed up with an and historical information on how the two standards have evolved. interview with the key figure associated with the effort. As in the case Linked data has been touted for years by web gurus, along with the of MarcEdit, creator Terry Reese (now at Ohio State University) notion that MARC’s days were numbered, if its time had not already talked about how this project came to be and why it is not an open passed. This refreshing volume cuts through much of the hype about source project. linked data with clear-eyed discussions of the components that make up Munro also provides valuable chapters about problems that creep the semantic web, and delves into several current ongoing projects and in when these projects simply do not work. This is not a problem implementations. The authors acknowledge that there are many chal- because of the need to embrace the potential of failure as part of the lenges and that the work is still just beginning. Though at first glance the entrepreneurial nature of these different services. She also provides a work appears rather daunting and dense, on closer inspection it proves great chapter about managing or leading a group that is embracing this well-written and fascinating in its accounts of the semantic web’s com- type of innovation. ponents. Highly recommended for those wishing further acquaintance The need for change and for innovation is great for libraries. We with linked data, as well as others who may be well-versed in the topic. need to be bold in undertaking these challenges. Karen Munro, in this excellent book, has provided librarians at every level the pep talk to face Munro, Karen. Tactical Urbanism for Librarians: Quick, Low- the problems head on and find solutions that work for our community. Sure, it can be very “hipster” in its approach for many tastes, but there Cost Ways to Make Big Changes. Chicago: ALA editions, 2017. is no way you can read this book and not see your library, your services 9780838915585. 176 pages. $57.00 (ALA Members: $51.30) and your community a little differently. This book needs to be on your bookshelf! Reviewed by Corey Seeman (Director, Kresge Library Services, Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) Varnum, Kenneth J., ed. Exploring Discovery: The Front Door to Your Library’s Licensed and Digitized Content. Chicago, IL: Right off the bat, this book sounds strange. “Tactical Urbanism?” ALA Editions, 2016. 9780838914144. 292 pages. $95.00 What on earth is that? And why should librarians have any understanding or need to know? When all is said and done (or read and done), Reviewed by Maurine McCourry (Technical Services you will truly appreciate the passion not only of the author, but the Librarian, Hillsdale College, Mossey Library) creative and innovative librarians that she features in this exciting and very useful work. At its core, the question is simple. Can librarians learn lessons not Ken Varnum, Senior Program Manager for Discovery, Delivery, only from other librarians, but from other organizations and community and Library Analytics at the University of Michigan, has put together groups that figure out ways to fix a problem or fill a hole in their cities a collection of useful essays on the topic of discovery in libraries and and neighborhoods. Having spent the previous week at the Charleston other cultural repositories. The authors of the essays come primarily Conference, where once again, change and change management was from the academic library world, but there are corporate and museum a very regular theme in the presentations, a different way of managing representatives, as well. Taken together, the volume effectively pres- that might just be in order. This book is a great vehicle for seeing ents the complexity of providing adequate discovery tools for optimal opportunities for libraries to move forward, even if the circumstances utilization of the vast holdings of institutions in the current era. are challenging. continued on page 40 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 39 method. Critical literacy moves beyond information literacy, as it strives Book Reviews to empower the reader to develop strategies to evaluate the information from page 39 they encounter through the lens of their own social, cultural, and life experiences. The content of the volume is divided into four parts. The first part, Critical Literacy for Information Professionals, edited by Sarah “Vended Discovery Systems,” presents four case studies of institu- McNicol, is a good starting point for those interested in delving into tions selecting commercial discovery tools, starting with the moves of critical literature theory and learning about the practical applications Loyola University Chicago Libraries and the Olin Library at Rollins of its use in K-8 and academic settings, and in health and workplace College in Winter Park, Florida to the Ex Libris products Alma and environments. McNicol, a research associate at the Education and So- Primo, replacing disparate systems as a single project. Staff at the cial Research Institute at Manchester Metropolitan University UK, F.D. Bluford Library at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical writes two chapters in this volume, and brings together twelve additional State University used Krug’s Persona-Based Heuristic Evaluation authors to write about critical literacy theory and its practice. According to identify search needs, resulting in a transition from use of multiple to McNicol, the two key components of critical literacy are the social platforms to WorldCat Discovery, supported by a move to WorldShare and cultural contexts in which texts (or other resources) are created and Management System for its ILS, and Texas’s Rosenberg Library, the read; and secondly, its focus on action and community engagement. Rosenberg Library Museum, and the Galveston and Texas History Center pooled resources to make SirsiDynix’s Enterprise OPAC “one The chapters in this volume are broken into two parts. Part one is catalog to rule them all.” comprised of seven chapters in which contributors present and discuss critical literacy theories. Part two showcases critical literacy in practice. In the second part of the book, “Custom Discovery Systems,” five The chapters on critical literacy theory are overly academic at times. different customized solutions for discovery are presented, all using However, when the theory is successfully woven into the case studies, open source resources to some degree. Stanford University person- the reader is given the opportunity to understand the value of critical nel used interview-sourced personas to inform their development of a literacy applications. discovery system for geospatial data at Stanford using the open-source GeoBlacklight platform. Grinnell College Libraries used VuFind to As a community college librarian, I found many chapters to be provide discovery of multiple resources through a single search box and significant, especially for library instruction. For example, in Chapter a “bento-box” display of results. The Blacklight open source platform 1, McNichol discusses a critical literacy approach to reading fiction was used by The University of Alberta Libraries and the Rock and that is reader response theory. By using a critical literacy approach Roll Hall of Fame to provide access to records in multiple databases with fiction, readers will understand that there is no “correct” way to and in multiple formats, and to create a “magical” request system for read or interpret fiction. The reader can understand how their own life the Cornell University Library. experiences, as well as those of the author play a major part in shaping the text. Another outcome of using this theory with reading groups The third part of the volume, “Interfaces,” starts with an explanation may be a way to reach marginalized persons and furthermore to address by librarians from the University of North Texas regarding the utility social justice concerns. of the “bento box” approach to displaying search results in a discovery Jessica Critten, in Chapter 2, discusses the “death of the authority.” system, including an excellent explanation of the library community’s In bibliographic instruction sessions, the main focus is about establishing move away from federated searching. User feedback was iteratively the intent of the author and determining the expertise of the author. Crit- employed in developing a QuickSearch “bento box” approach at Wayne ical literacy, on the other hand, tries to develop a relationship between State University, an iOS app that later informed a responsive web design the text and the reader. This relationship can be established through the at MacEwan University, a Blacklight installation at Johns Hopkins reader’s experiences and values, shining a new light on how students University with customized facets, and a user-focused installation of are actually “authoring” the work through their own life experiences. EBSCO’s EDS. Libraries are presenting more instruction sessions to the growing The final part of the book, “Content and Metadata,” provides a numbers of international students on campus. In chapter 4, Allison Hicks variety of examples of collections made discoverable with new tools. discusses the “New Literacy Studies” approach that places emphasis on New York University has made a variety of collections more accessible the contextual and subjective aspects of literacy. Her studies explore by using “user stories” to discern needed pathways. The Mountain misconceptions about international students’ information practices as West Digital Library has used participation in the Digital Public related to instruction sessions. For example, it is important to question Library of America to facilitate discovery of its own collections and why an international student’s differences represent a learning deficiency, complementary ones. Following an article in which Ex Libris makes and are not seen as an asset. Is it because we are assessing international the case for its Primo system providing access to numerous Open Ac- students against Western models of literacy? If so, we are overlooking cess repositories, the book closes with two articles that warn against cultural and social practices that international students bring. the neglect of the metadata supporting discovery systems in the rush to improve the user interface. This book explores a variety of critical literacy models and theory, including how new literacies can challenge existing attitudes about As is inevitable with a book of this type, the technology described in library access for the disabled, as J. J. Pionke writes in Chapter 5, to many cases had already advanced to a new level by the book’s publica- show how critical literacy can find a place in adult learning in the form tion, and now, merely a year later, some have been completely replaced of library instruction and reference services. Specifically, librarians by other products and innovations. The experiences documented here, can be advocates for discussion-based classes and give students time though, have a lasting value in the literature, providing templates for to reflect on their own experiences to reach their own conclusions similar projects, and ideas for development and implementation of (Chapter 7, Lau-Bon). discovery tools of all types. This volume contains an index as well as a “Further Information” section for topics covered in the text, including critical pedagogy and lit- McNicol, Sarah, ed. Critical Literacy for Information eracy, libraries and critical literacy, and teaching resources among others. Professionals. London: Facet Publishing, 2016. Given the current cultural and political climates, learning about 978178330822. 172 pages. $95.00 critical literacy theory and its various applications becomes even more relevant and important. One can see how critical literacy theory should Reviewed by Frances Krempasky (Electronic Resources be in the forefront of instruction today. I would recommend this book to Management Librarian, Lansing Community College Library) anyone interested in learning more about this topic, especially instruction librarians interested in finding ways to teach critical literacy concepts. The application examples will inspire them to action. McNicol’s book will also resonate with librarians well versed in information literacy As information professionals and librarians strive to increase com- theory and wanting to learn more about critical literacy pedagogies and munity engagement, relevancy, and impact, we need to embrace new new literacy studies. methods in our outreach and teaching. Critical literacy is one such continued on page 41 40 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Book Reviews Hoffman, Starr, ed. Dynamic Research Support for from page 40 Academic Libraries. London: Facet Publishing. 9781783300495. 154 pages. $75.00

Spiteri, Louise F. editor. Managing Metadata in Web-Scale Reviewed by Robin Dean (Digital Projects Librarian, Michigan Discovery Systems. London, UK: Facet Publishing, 2016. State University Libraries) 9781783300693. 197 pages. $85.00

Reviewed by Margaret M. Kain (Reference Librarian for This compilation provides inspiring case studies for supporting digital scholarship in academic libraries. The libraries represented include Education, University of Alabama at Birmingham Libraries) institutions from several countries and a range of sizes. This book will appeal to academic librarians who share editor Starr Hoffman’s broad vision of research support as supporting curiosity and collaborative Managing Metadata in Web-Scale Discovery Systems (Managing knowledge creation. The case studies will be useful to practitioners Metadata) edited by Louise Spiteri, provides much needed research and those in leadership or management roles, as many chapters include on the ways libraries are changing the delivery of information and insights on change management, project management, and professional access to users. Librarians are faced with the challenge of providing development. information in a rapidly moving digital environment, without the lux- Hoffman’s introductions to the book and each of the three sections ury of downtime to explore these new methods. A significant part of provide an overview of the philosophy behind dynamic research support. this changing library environment is the development of new systems, This work is team-driven and interdisciplinary, focused on continu- such as web-scale discovery systems. In addition to herself, Spiteri ous learning and iterative improvement, and frequently assessed and has gathered eight prominent librarians with a variety of experience to re-prioritized. This way of working will be familiar to those who use discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these systems, as well as agile project management techniques. For more traditionally organized address the concerns related to these systems by practicing librarians. libraries, these methods require substantial organizational change, which Split into seven chapters, Managing Metadata walks readers through several of the case studies address. the world of web-scale discovery systems and the impact on resource The first section of the book, “Training and Infrastructure,” contains access, mapping and metadata. Spiteri begins this timely conversation case studies about the need for space, equipment, and skilled employees by providing librarians with an introductory overview of web-scale to support digital scholarship. Chapter 1 describes how a university discovery systems. She gives some historical information to ensure the library in Mexico City simultaneously renovated its physical space and reader has a basic understanding of how the traditional library catalogs its services. This chapter is an excellent introduction to working iter- have rapidly morphed into discovery systems. While the need for these atively to identify community needs, formulate a strategy for meeting web-scale discovery systems has grown dramatically in recent years, those needs, and act on that strategy. Chapter 2 is a detailed case study only a few providers have developed these systems. Noting that some of digitizing a rare book collection from a researcher’s viewpoint, which providers who have developed discovery systems have not always may be helpful for librarians wondering how faculty view them as part- played well with content providers; making it all the more challenging ners in research. Chapter 3 provides a model for a librarian peer-learning as librarians strive to successfully provide users access to resources. group developing new digital scholarship skills, and includes valuable Readers are given the opportunity in chapter four to explore how project management lessons such as a description of project chartering libraries may need to redefine library catalog resources for use with and a list of reasons why projects “go wrong.” discovery systems. Beginning with MARC records, other tools such The second section of the book, “Data Services and Data Literacy,” as user-contributed information are touched-on. Authors examine how demonstrates the importance of data expertise in the library. Chapter 4 these tools may enhance library records, providing granularity that make discusses a pilot project to include data literacy and data management relevant resources discoverable. Rather than pure MARC records, it plans in information literacy instruction. This chapter discusses success, is recommended that for these web-scale systems, merging multiple but also includes a refreshing assessment of difficulties and opportuni- record formats is key to discovery. Next, authors discuss the growing ties for improvement. Chapter 5 describes a “nose to tail” approach to number of resources that web-scale discovery systems return in users’ offering data services for the research lifecycle. Notable in this chapter results lists. Readers are asked to consider whether or not providing is advice for knowing when a librarian is crossing the line between access to everything may be detrimental. It is possible, librarians may “supporting research” and “doing research,” which can be difficult to want to at some point, limit or rethink providing unlimited information navigate when librarians have specific data analysis skills that research- in web-scale discovery systems. ers need. Chapter 6 offers a GIS-specific example of data services, and Web-scale discovery tools require librarians to rethink the way highlights how the library is increasingly a source of “individuals with metadata is obtained; for many libraries purchasing MARC records, valuable expertise” in addition to space and collections. it has become a viable alternative to in-house creation. Chapter six The final section, “Research as a conversation,” covers support for examines the impact on discoverability when the creation of metadata the broader context of sharing and discovering research. Chapter 7 is no longer restricted to the library. It explores the widespread impact discusses a UK university’s efforts to increase deposit of faculty works on related functions, including addressing the quality of the metadata in an open access repository. The author notes the importance of com- and whether new sources will detrimentally skew relevancy rankings. municating a clear benefit to new practices even if there are existing Authors round out the discussion by touching on user-generated meta- mandates or requirements. Chapter 8 dives into a team’s experience data and the impact on web-scale discovery systems. The last chapter in developing an information literacy MOOC, which includes tips on this librarians’ reference resource completes the discussion by providing project management, planning, and assembling a team that can work useful detailed information on user-generated metadata through social successfully together. Chapter 9 outlines a linked data name authority media, exploring the impact on discoverability when social media tools project that aims to bring consistency and reusability to names found in are used to create metadata. Authors provide an interesting discussion an institutional repository and other local sources. on how social features of metadata may actually enhance discovery. This collection is highly recommended for Librarians are working quickly with web-scale discovery systems to academic librarians who are wondering how to update user access and discoverability by providing accurate metadata. support emerging methods of research. The Managing Metadata contains a wealth of valuable information and tools case studies offer motivational and practical for librarians on web-scale discovery systems and metadata. Touching examples of how libraries can take incre- on the varied forms of metadata creation, it explores how these new mental steps to dramatically transform web-scale discovery systems will impact the way libraries provide access and improve their digital scholarship and to resources in the future. It is recommended reading for librarians in research support services. all types of library environments. continued on page 42 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 41 your time in library school. We all took many of the same basic courses Book Reviews and then choose various areas within the field to dive in or specialize in. from page 41 This part of the librarian journey imprints on each of us. On the road to becoming a librarian, a very interesting thread in Smith’s interviews appeared. That is cataloging classes. Whether remembered fondly or Smith, A. Arro. Capturing our Stories: An Oral History of with hardship, it came up over and over in the oral history interviews. Librarianship in Translation. Chicago, IL: Neal-Schuman, After Smith talks about the road to deciding to be a librarian and the 2017. 9780838914618. 224 pages. $45.00 collective memory of library school, he goes on to explore the clichés and stereotypes in the field. Both within and outside of the profession there Reviewed by Ashley Fast Bailey (Director, Collection are clichés and stereotypes. From a shushing librarian, to personality Development and Workflow Solutions, Midwestern and traits across the profession, to wearing one’s hair in a bun with reading Southeastern US, GOBI Library Solutions) glasses, each person he talked to had comments and stories. These experienced librarians also ushered in a new era in the library A. Arro Smith gathers professional histories of retired librarians in world. Most started their careers in a very paper-based and hand-written Capturing our Stories: An Oral History of Librarianship in Transla- system. In fact, there were terms in the work I had never heard before. tion. Over the last few decades the field of librarianship has seen great While reading I received an education in library hand and some of the change and transformation. The librarians that were part of ushering in precursors to the OPAC. Each librarian had a fascinating history to tell the changes that the 20th century brought have a rich social memory to of the technology changes they experienced throughout their career. share. Smith, Technical Services Manager at the San Marcos Public It is hard to imagine some of these changes were even just 25 years Library, collects the stories and memories of thirty-five experienced ago. These oral histories are priceless firsthand accounts of changes librarians. He drew on his doctoral dissertation for this work, and his in our field. advisor, Dr. Loriene Roy, is the featured foreword writer. Not only does Part I of Capturing our Stories concludes with a section on regrets. this work include the stories and history of past librarians, it includes All the librarians that gave an oral history would not have changed advice for conducting one’s own oral history project. their choice to enter the field of librarianship for anything, but there Smith divides this work into two parts. Part one includes the sto- are a few regrets some had looking back. The book starts with the ries and history of past librarians and part two goes into detail on his nostalgia of choosing to enter the field and library school then wraps up methodology and ways that one can go about conducting an oral history with reflections after retirement, and includes many fun stories of the project. He begins this work by sharing the stories of many great expe- in between. A common theme among all those interviewed was their rienced librarians in the field. Before diving into the common thread all desire to help people and to contribute positively to society. There were librarians share, he finds out how each happened or chose to be in the repetitive elements and surprises along the way. Smith wrote with an field. Before the common thread of each story, which is that of library ease that made reading the stories of these experienced librarians a very school, he finds out how each person ended up in the field. Aside from entertaining experience. the minority who knew they wanted to be a librarian from a young age, Capturing our Stories: An Oral History of Librarianship in Trans- Smith found many stories of “accidental” librarians. It was almost as lation concludes with a practical guide to capture the stories of oral if the field choose them. Despite most of the interviewees not setting history. Smith writes about his methodology for his dissertation project out to become librarians, no one would have changed their career path. and examines the theories he used from the emerging field of memory Whether a school librarian, technical services librarian, or a reference studies. To wrap up, he provides advice and tips for conducting one’s librarian, all the interviewees had a shared memory of library school. If own oral history project and a meditation on oral history work. I found you’re reading this, you might have just smiled a little thinking back on this read very informative and enjoyable.

Booklover — Draft Column Editor: Donna Jacobs (Retired, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425)

lbert Camus’ novel, The First Man is of his biographical sketch provides the frame- peoples over the millennia, their momentum a draft. A draft containing all the inti- work to understand the quasi-autobiographical was wearing out and some already were melt- Amacies of notations in the margin, in- nature held in the story of Jacques Cormery ing into occasional large raindrops that were terleaves of comments, doodles, asterisks, and in The First Man. beginning to plop on the canvas hood above thoughts for further story expansion. Found in The story opens: “Above the wagon roll- the four travelers.” Another definition of draft the wreckage of the 1960 automobile accident ing along a stony road, big thick clouds were comes to mind and I can feel the cold wet air that took Camus’ life, the manuscript was pub- hurrying to the East through the dusk. Three entering the lungs of the travelers. lished 35 years later by his daughter, Catherine days ago they had inflated over the Atlantic, The story goes back and forth in time, a man Camus. To have the opportunity to explore had waited for a wind from the West, had set intent on an understanding through reflection the initial thoughts of a Nobel Prize-winning out, slowly at first then faster and faster, had and a pilgrimage to find his father. Camus’ author during the development of a piece of flown over the phosphorescent autumn waters, father came from a poor agricultural back- writing that would hopefully become a final straight to the continent, had unraveled on the ground and was killed during the Battle of the polished story is not missed on this booklover. Moroccan peaks, had gathered again in flocks Marne during World War I when Camus was I share with you large excerpts in order that on the high plateaus of Algeria, and now, at the one year old. Jacques Cormery’s father was you may also ponder on this amazing “draft.” approaches to the Tunisian frontier, were trying also of minimal means and killed in the war in Albert Camus won the 1957 Nobel Prize to reach the Tyrrhenian Sea to lose themselves France prior to his first birthday. in Literature “for his important literary pro- in it. After a journey of thousands of kilometers “And Jacques tried, with the little he knew duction, which with clear-sighted earnestness over what seemed to be an immense island, from his mother, to picture the same man nine illuminates the problems of the human con- shielded by the moving waters to the North years later, married, father of two, who had science in our times.” Camus was the first and to the South by the congealed waves of achieved a somewhat better position in life African-born literature Laureate and the second the sands, passing scarcely any faster above and then was summoned back to Algiers to youngest after Rudyard Kipling. A quick read this nameless country than had empires and continued on page 43 42 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Booklover from page 42 Now Available in PharmacyLibrary be mobilized, the long journey by night with the patient wife and the unbearable children, the parting at the station and then, three days later, at the little apartment in Belcourt, his sudden appearance in the Zouave regiment’s handsome red-and-blue uniform with its baggy pantaloons, sweating under the thick wool in the July* (August) heat, a straw hat in his hand because he had neither tarboosh nor helmet, after he had sneaked out of the depot under the arches of the docks and run to kiss his wife and children before shipping out that night for the France he had never seen, (He had never seen France. He saw it and was killed.) on the sea that had never before carried him; and he embraced them, strongly and quickly, and he left at the same pace, and the woman on the little balcony waved to him and he responded on the run, turning to wave the straw hat, before once more racing down the street that was gray with dust and heat, and then he disappeared in front of the movie theatre, farther on, into the radiant light of the morning from which he would never return. Jacques would have to imagine the rest.” Draft as a noun for com- pulsory military service and draft as a verb for For individuals and institutions recruitment for a purpose have now joined the draft of cold air in this draft of beautiful words that reflectCamus’ very intimate thoughts on becoming a man. I would be remiss if I didn’t give a nod to the part of the story that explores Jacques’ love of books and the public library. I leave own goddam subscription! by William F. you with Camus’ words that speak right to Rumors Buckley! Recommended by the inimitable this booklover. from page 24 Leah Hinds! On Books: “Jacques had always de- Speaking of Shout Out! Here’s a huge voured any books that came to hand, others had spoken, he reflected that there are one for Erin Gallagher of Reed College! For and he consumed them with the same two important dangers to recognize as an editor the fourth year, Erin ran Poll-a-Paloosa, the appetite he felt for living, playing or when taking an extended leave — “Circulation closing session of the Charleston Conference. dreaming.” might go down,” he said, “or, it might not.” And we had a packed house! Like wow! Erin Michael sends thanks and congratulations to On the public library: “But about the was accompanied by the bam-zowir Nicole us for what the Charleston Conference and same time they started at the lycée, a Ameduri of Springer Nature, who ran the ATG have become! HA! We aren’t through public library was opened in the area, mike all around the ballroom in a designer yet and neither are you, Michael!! halfway between the street where (sorry, y’all I don’t which one) pair of very Jacques lived and the heights where the Did I ever tell y’all that it was the awesome very high heels! She kept us all, so to speak on more refined districts began, with their Rosann Bazirjian who first recommended our toes! It was an awesome ending session. villas surrounded by little gardens full Michael to me as a great speaker and colum- While we are Shouting out about Erin, of scented plants that thrived on the hot nist! Thanks to Rosann who has retired and humid slopes of Algiers. These villas I want to congratulate her on the Up and settled in Myrtle Beach hopefully soaking up Comer initiative that she started. Erin single circled the grounds of Sainte-Odile, the sun soon! a religious boarding school that took handedly worked on the application process, only girls. It was in this neighborhood, Speaking of surgeries, Bob Holley has ran the committee, and helped to select the 20 so near and yet so far from their own, recovered and is back In the ATG Saddle, this up and comers who were selected! 19 of their that Jacques and Pierre experienced issue, p.57, “Peer Review of Articles From profiles are in this issue of ATG (pp 79-89) their deepest emotions (that it is not yet Third World Countries.” and we will be doing podcasts online with time to discuss, that will discussed, etc.). There are so many indispensable people to many of them. Just a few comments about The frontier between these two worlds ATG and the Charleston Conference! Ra- each of them. Kate Angeli (LIU) Winner of (one dusty and treeless, where all the mune Kubilius is one of them! She just sent the ALA LIRTS 2016 Jesse Shera Award with space was devoted to its residents and us a link to a wonderfully awesome post from a collealgue, Charlie Bennett (Georgia Tech) the stone that sheltered them, the other Scott Plutchak’s blog! Every single one of the has a radio show Lost in the Stacks, Shaun where flowers and trees supplied this Charleston Conference Directors deserves Bennett (NSCU) likes OERs, Ethan Cut- world’s true luxury) was described by a a huge Shout out!! and vote of thanks. And ler (Western Michigan University) recently rather wide boulevard with superb plane thanks, Scott! awarded a technology enhancement Award, trees planted along its two sidewalks. Kiyomi Deards Success of SciPop videos on http://tscott.typepad.com/tsp/2017/12/theres- YouTube with collaboration of ACS and others, Villas stretched along one bank of this nothing-quite-like-chsconf.html frontier and low-cost buildings along Hailey Fargo recently launched the LibParlor, the other. The public library was built Speaking of which, over the holiday, I did a blog for new and experienced LIS research- some reading one of which was Cancel your on that border.” continued on page 49

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 43 Wryly Noted — Books About Books Column Editor: John D. Riley (Against the Grain Contributor and Owner, Gabriel Books) https://www.facebook.com/Gabriel-Books-121098841238921/

Paper: Paging Through History by Mark Kurlansky. (ISBN: 978-0-393-23961-4, thanks to the development of an ingenious W. W. Norton, New York 2016.) device: a water-powered drop hammer.” An- other Fabriano invention was the wire mold for laying paper. “Fine wire mesh laid paper came his book is not only a history of paper, ample room to wander into Aztec paper making to define European paper. Another pivotal but equally, of written language, draw- or artisan one vat fine paper making in Japan. innovation in Fabriano was the watermark. Ting, and printing. It is about the cultural Another trademark of Kurlansky’s is a Now the paper maker could ‘sign’ his work.” and historical impact of paper and how it has pointed sense of humor. When some groups The smell from paper mills has always been central to our history for thousands of advocated switching to more electronic formats been pungent, due to the use of old, dirty rags years. Paper has changed how we commu- to save trees, he mentions that the drive to boy- and ammonia for softening the fibers. In early nicate and even how we think and create. It cott toilet paper failed because no electronic years, human urine was the source for that is so common now that we rarely consider its substitute has been found! But, on a more ammonia. Urine collectors traveled through history and development. This book makes serious note, he does comment on the drive to town collecting this valuable substance. that history come alive. make growing trees for paper production more Gutenberg acquired his printing press from “Some historians think that the idea of responsive to ecological concerns and that the a paper mill, where it had probably been used papermaking came from felting, a practice drive has yielded success with the decline in both for pressing felt and paper sheets. “Some that pre-dated weaving...” writes author, Mark clear cutting and more sustainable practices, historians say that the press was a copy of an Kurlansky, who then goes on to define paper including recycling. Paper companies have real- olive oil press or wine press, because Guten- as “cellulose fibers that are randomly mixed ized that such practices are a valuable sales tool. berg came from Mainz, the heart of Rheingau in water and are deposited in sheet form.” While the author is tracing the history of pa- wine country.” This definition separates true paper from other per and its migration from China to the Muslim “Venice had always been one of Europe’s writing surfaces such as bark, animal skins, or world and finally to Europe in the late Middle most important paper trading center and quick- leaves. So papyrus, despite having given its Ages he touches on such cogent details as: ly became the printing capital of Italy. By name to paper, is only briefly mentioned in the beginning of the sixteenth century, when this history. The Chinese are credited with the The direction of writing has varied widely throughout history “...from right to left, left to Naples had 67 printers, Rome 41, and Florence invention of paper and a man by the name of 37, Venice had 268.” Cai Lun is honored in China as its inventor, right, top to bottom, bottom to top, and from though the idea that one person discovered it the middle outward. Mayans and Aztecs wrote “Machine-made books and handmade is unlikely, as there was a long history of writ- all over the page, with lines directing the read- paper were a tough combination. Purchasing ing on materials such as silk and other woven er where to go next. The Chinese for a time enough paper to print Cervantes’ Don Quixote products. Cai Lun in 105 CE “...reported to wrote in alternate lines and went back to read took four years to acquire the 550,000 sheets the emperor that he made paper from the bark the skipped ones.” necessary, which when folded down to eight of trees, hemp, rags of cloth, and fishing nets.” In the Arab world the use of paper spread sheets yielded four million pages.” To illustrate This launched paper into common usage. quickly because “...it was less costly, more how things had changed with the industrial lightweight, and more durable than papyrus production of paper, Diderot’s Encyclopedie It somehow seems predestined that paper required 36 million sheets of fine thick paper. would be invented in China, given the social, and, in the interest of security, it couldn’t be religious and trade practices at that time. Liter- altered as easily as parchment.” Because the Puritans were so keen on acy was a basic skill for the Chinese, especially “The Arabs had many uses for different converting Native Americans, the first Bible in government, where “rulers required that types of paper. A special light, thin paper was printed in America was printed in 1663 in the their underlings record everything.” Besides made for messages carried by carrier pigeon Algonquin language. The second Bible was writing, paper was used for hats and clothes, and some paper was even made from cloth printed nearly a century later in English. kites and lanterns, fans and religious flags and wrappings of mummies.” This fact points up Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reamur, be- banners. When printing was developed, first the central place of rags in the manufacture of sides inventing the Celsius temperature scale, as a wood block technique, the Buddhist reli- paper. A whole industry grew up around pro- was fascinated with insects. He studied wasps gion was ideally suited to adapt the technique curing rags for making paper. Chiffonniere is and found that they built nests from wood for duplication of prayers and sutras to gain the word for rag pickers in French and is also fibers, nests which resembled paper. He pro- “merit.” In the tenth century, a Buddhist monk the word for a chest of drawers that holds small duced a study of the wasp nests which helped made 140,000 copies of a picture of a pagoda in pieces of clothing. lead to the manufacture of paper from wood pulp. In the search for materials to replace the China. There are records of Buddhist printings Much of the development of modern paper finite supply of rags, inventors tried everything of 20,000, 50,000, or 70,000 copies. “The more manufacturing occurred in Fabriano, Italy in from potatoes to okra! copies, the greater the blessing.” the Middle Ages. There had been felt mills The author, Mark Kurlansky, loves detail there for centuries and the transition to paper “When paper makers started using wood and he likes to veer off onto side trips such making was simply a matter of refitting the pulp to make paper they used acidic water to as the history of newspaper cartoon strips, water-powered machinery to pound rags and break down fibers. The only problem is that the linotype machines, the history of watermarks, lay paper rather than pound wool and make felt acid continued breaking down the paper even the1960s fad for paper clothing, or the 1890s cloth. Fabriano paper was extremely durable after manufacture. It wasn’t until after 1970 fad for men’s cardboard shirt collars. He likes “because paper makers worked closely with that acid free paper was embraced.” to show the full range of paper from postage the sheep industry and sized their product with As you can see, Mark Kurlansky covers stamps to diapers and from bottle labels to glue made from the gelatin produced by boiling all aspects of paper history and manufacture. tea bags. If you have read Cod or Salt, two sheepskin scraps.” In Fabriano they also made In fact his book resembles his subject: random of Kurlansky’s previous books, you already the transition from parchment to paper, finding strands of detail woven together to make a know that quirky historical digressions have paper to be so much cheaper to produce. “Pa- whole. If you want to read a detailed, while always been his trademark. But he has outdone per historians estimate that between 210 and not truly scholarly history of paper, this would himself in this work and though the book lacks 225 sheep had to be slaughtered to make one make a great introduction to a seemingly end- flow it does follow a chronological order with Bible. Cheap paper was invented in Fabriano, less study.

44 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Collecting to the Core — Social Media in Education, Healthcare, and Marketing by Anamika Megwalu (Senior Assistant Librarian, Dr. Martin Luther King Library, San Jose State University; Computer and Information Technology Subject Editor, Resources for College Libraries: Career Resources) Column Editor: Anne Doherty (Resources for College Libraries Project Editor, CHOICE/ACRL)

Column Editor’s Note: The “Collecting beyond the classroom and enhance collabora- orate,” Christina Beach Thielst emphasizes to the Core” column highlights monographic tive learning among students. Depending on the need to harness the power of social media works that are essential to the academic li- the discipline, course objectives, and learning in health industries.5 She argues that social brary within a particular discipline, inspired technology, instructors may require that stu- media can be used to enhance connection, com- by the Resources for College Libraries bib- dents read, watch, and review materials from munication, and collaboration between various liography (online at http://www.rclweb.net). social media sites and encourage students to stakeholders and details the blogs, microblogs, In each essay, subject specialists introduce engage with social media in ways that promote social networking sites, podcasts, wikis, and explain the classic titles and topics that learning. However, not all social media is bookmarking sites, photo and video sharing continue to remain relevant to the undergrad- used equally. In education, platforms, widgets, and apps that are widely uate curriculum and library collection. Dis- online videos, blogs, wikis, used by patients and healthcare workers. So- ciplinary trends may shift, but some classics and podcasts are some of the cial media sites designed for health never go out of style. — AD applications most commonly professionals for networking and used by faculty for teaching professional education allow purposes. There are a number users to listen to experts, talk ocial media is broadly defined as any of books written on the strate- to colleagues, and discuss website or web-based service that allows gic integration of social media issues related to patient care, users to generate their own content. The into classroom instruction. One, politics and ethics in health- S Technology and Digital Media in the Early care, biostatistics, practice management, and potential of social media via websites and apps has been embraced by many sectors, including Years: Tools for Teaching and Learning is a career strategies.6 Most of these social media education, healthcare, and marketing. In the compilation of articles written by various au- sites are closed to the public and solely avail- education sector, social media plays an import- thors on the use of digital media for children.3 able to healthcare professionals. ant role in providing a collaborative platform The book is divided into three parts: the first For the purpose of organizational pro- for students and instructors. Students can section focuses on children’s use of digital motion, patient education, and public health discuss topics of interest and share information media; the second part covers strategic use of programs, health care organizations have in- online with peers while educators can have a learning technologies in classrooms including creasingly used social media such as Twitter, presence in the digital tools students use. In STEM, simple robotics, and programming; the Facebook, and YouTube, as well as blogs, to the health sector, social media can be used third addresses the use of media to strengthen communicate to customers via mainstream for mass communication and allow health the home-school connection and to develop social media platforms. Hospitals, medical service providers to stay abreast of current connected learners and educators. Authors centers, and pharmacies use them to simul- innovations, practices, and information. The present educational activities using technologi- taneously communicate with large groups of marketing industry has adopted social media cal tools that are grounded in learning theories. customers, to conduct surveys, and to promote to promote products, events, and programs to This is an important book for early childhood patient empowerment by offering information a global customer base, taking advantage of educators, giving them insights into learning and emotional support.7 Discussions on these the near-instant ability to reach, connect, and theories, media designed for educational sites are often between patients, helping them capitalize on social networks. Although social purposes, and their effective integration into gain knowledge and support from each other. media platforms and functionality may seem educational activities. The authors of Participatory Health through ubiquitous, it is evident that social media is Mainstream social media such as Face- Social Media discuss the influence of social adopted and used for different purposes by dif- book, Pinterest, Instagram, Flickr, You- media on patients’ confidence in communi- ferent sectors, as well as used more frequently Tube, Twitter, Yelp, and del.icio.us are also cating with healthcare professionals and in in some sectors than others. As social media used outside the classroom by educational selecting healthcare options.8 evolves into a topic ripe for critical study, institutions for recruitment, marketing, and library collections should reflect emerging communications. They allow users to post It is important to note that while studies research across platforms, technologies, and and share comments, videos, and images that have repeatedly documented benefits of social sectors. The following sections present se- are monitored by the institutions’ social media media use in health services, there are dispari- lected resources on social media in education, communications teams. As Rachel Rueben ties in information sharing for multiple reasons. health services, and marketing. notes, “Online social network users are three In Social Networks and Popular Understand- times more likely to trust their peers’ opinions ing of Science and Health: Sharing Disparities, Education over advertising when making decisions.”4 Brian Southwell talks about inequality in in- Educators may use social media for both formation sharing because of individual-level, Studies have found that institutions use the 9 professional and instructional purposes. A two-way communication tools of social media community-level, and content-level factors. In 2011 survey conducted by Mike Moran, Jeff to engage their audience, clarify misconcep- the health sciences, information-sharing behav- Seaman, and Hester Tinti-Kane found that tions, promote genuine feedback, and enable iors include interpersonal talk, forwarding of 78% of all faculty use social media for profes- peer-to-peer marketing. e-messages, peer referral, overt endorsement, sional career activities.1 They also use social electronic protest and denigration, as well media to complement online and face-to-face Healthcare as commentary and cooptation. Southwell instruction. According to Albert Bandura’s Social media is used for a variety of points out that the strength of community ties Social Learning Theory, learning is a cognitive purposes in healthcare sectors. It is used for plays an important role in how people within process that takes place in a social context professional networking and education, organi- the community are affected by the messages through observation, imitation, and modeling.2 zational promotion, patient care and education, being shared. Several studies have revealed Social media can extend social learning by and public health programs. In “Social Media the negative effects of social media use on the providing a platform for social interactions in Healthcare: Connect, Communicate, Collab- continued on page 46

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 45 no question social media has introduced Collecting to the Core some key factors into today’s business Endnotes from page 45 world — open dialogue, increased con- 1. Moran, Mike, Jeff Seaman, and Hester Tin- sumer awareness, and accountability.”14 ti-Kane. “Teaching, Learning, and Sharing: How relationship between patients and health- These factors affect social scoring via the Today’s Higher Education Faculty Use Social Media.” care professionals. Patients who rely on use of emoticons, comments, sharing, and Person Learning Solutions and Babson Survey Re- information gathered from discussions and revisits, adding to the value of influence search Group, 2011. Accessed August 4, 2017. http:// ratings on social media tend to frequently marketing. However, the struggle remains files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED535130.pdf switch doctors and also tend to bring social in connecting influence measures to sales 2. Bandura, Albert. Social Learning Theory. Mor- media content to physician consultations, revenues. ristown, NJ: General Learning Press, 1971.* leading to increased time spent on sorting Although measuring influence based 3. Donohue, Chip, ed. Technology and Digital Media 10 and substantiating information. on transactional data is difficult, there are in the Early Years: Tools for Teaching and Learning. New York: Routledge, 2015.* Marketing other data analytics that justify the value of social media in marketing. Eric Brown 4. Reuben, Rachel. “The Use of Social Media in The most commonly used social media discusses social platform analytics such Higher Education for Marketing and Communica- platforms in marketing are Facebook, as number of unique visitors, number of tions: a Guide for Professionals in Higher Education.” Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, Google+, (2008). Accessed August 4, 2017. http://rachelreu- 11 page views, time spent on the site, and Instagram, and Pinterest. Other less 15 ben.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/08/social-me- user demographics. He underscores dia-in-higher-education.pdf popular media are online forums, social that while marketers depend upon these review sites, Slideshare, social bookmark- metrics, tracking this data is complicated 5. Thielst, Christina Beach. Social Media in Health- ing, geo-location, and Snapchat. Social care: Connect, Communicate, Collaborate. Chicago, due to differences in the analytic func- IL: Health Administration Press, 2013. media contributes to the global exposure tions offered by different platforms. For of products and services and increased instance, in the case of tracking unique 6. Ventola, C. Lee. “Social Media and Health Care Professionals: Benefits, Risks, and Best Practices.” traffic to commercial sites. They help in visitors Facebook only provides numbers developing loyal fans, provide marketplace Pharmacy and Therapeutics 39, no. 7 (July 2014): on accounts reached, YouTube tracks 491-520. Accessed August 4, 2017. https://www.ncbi. insights, reduce marketing cost, and help unique cookies, and Instagram does not establish business partnerships. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4103576/ collect such data. Marketers traditionally 7. Smailhodzic, Edin, Wyanda Hooijsma, Albert One of the most discussed topics relied on tracking data through Google Boonstra, and David J. Langley. “Social Media Use in social media marketing is customer Analytics and Omniture for their entire in Healthcare: A Systematic Review of Effects on engagement as it relates to buyers’ behav- site, but now they also have to rely on data Patients and on their Relationship with Healthcare iors. Felix et al. argue that there are two collected by multiple social media apps. Professionals.” BMC Health Services Research 16, no. approaches to social media marketing: The issue lies in developing a systematic 1 (2016): 442-456. Accessed August 4, 2017. https:// defenders and explorers.12 The defender method to de-duplicate unique visitors doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1691-0 approach uses social media to mainly push from all the social media apps. Addition- 8. Syed-Abdul, Shabbir, Elia Gabarron, and Annie contents to customers, the community, and ally, it is difficult to track a company’s Y.S. Lau, eds. Participatory Health through Social their employees. The explorer approach overall reach because social media apps Media. London: Academic Press, 2016. is more successful as it uses the interac- use their own definitions for reach. Data 9. Southwell, Brian G. Social Networks and Popular tive and collaborative features of social tracked by independent companies such as Understanding of Science and Health: Sharing Dis- media technology to create and maintain comScore, Nielsen, and Quantcast often parities. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University reciprocal relationships with stakeholders. give different numbers for the same metric Press, 2013.* Such marketers engage with customers by due to differences in methodologies. 10. Ibid, Smailhodzic et al. answering questions from potential buyers, While social media usage is prevalent 11. Stelzner, Michael A. “2016 Social Media Mar- and responding to positive and negative in the educational, healthcare, and marketing Industry Report: How Marketers Are Using reviews with sincerity. In Understanding keting sectors, critical scholarship across Social Media to Grow Their Business.” Social Media Digital Marketing: Marketing Strategies these sectors is still emerging. As social Examiner (2016): 1-56. for Engaging the Digital Generation, media use becomes ubiquitous across 12. Felix, Reto, Philipp A. Rauschnabel, and Chris sections titled “What’s in it for Marketers” personal and professional spheres, it is Hinsch. “Elements of Strategic Social Media Market- describe the use of different forms of so- concerning that the ethical use of social ing: A Holistic Framework.” Journal of Business Re- cial media including social bookmarking, search 70, (January 2017): 118-126. Accessed August media is a seldom-discussed subject, es- 4, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.05.001 social media submission sites, forums pecially in marketing. As Peggy Kreshel and discussion sites, media-sharing sites, says, “Ethics is an inherent component 13. Ryan, Damian. Understanding Digital Market- reviews and ratings sites, social network- of our cultural understanding of what it ing: Marketing Strategies for Engaging the Digital ing sites, blogs, podcasts, microblogs, Generation. Fourth edition. London: Kogan Page, 13 means to be a professional. It seems that 2017.* and wikis. Studies have shown that a for a variety of reasons, ethical thinking two-way communication between compa- actively enters into advertising decision 14. Brown, Danny, and Sam Fiorella. Influence Marketing: How to Create, Manage, and Measure nies and customers can influence buyers’ making only rarely.”16 Social media enable decisions positively even when there are Brand Influencers in Social Media. Indianapolis, IN: global connections with consumers and Que, 2013.* negative reviews. generate enormous amounts of data on 15. Brown, Eric. “Tracking Audience Data for Your Social media features such as instant personal activities and behaviors. These Content on Social Platforms,” in The New Advertising: information sharing, the visibility of in- data, commonly known as big data, are Branding, Content, and Consumer Relationships in the dividuals’ social networks, and often-un- often tracked and retooled without much Data-driven Social Media Era, ed. Ruth E. Brown, mediated customer feedback can be used transparency, raising questions of privacy, Valeria K. Jones, and Ming Wang. Santa Barbara, by marketers to influence the consumer’s surveillance, and security. For information CA: Praeger, 2016. 315.* purchasing decisions. In Influence Mar- professionals, familiarity with social media 16. Kreshel, Peggy J. “Ethical Advertising in Today’s keting: How to Create, Manage, and Mea- applications, usage, and user behaviors is New Advertising Ecosystem,” in The New Advertis- sure Brand Influencers in Social Media important across outreach services, digital ing: Branding, Content, and Consumer Relationships Marketing, authors Brown and Fiorella literacy initiatives, and library collections. in the Data-driven Social Media Era, ed. Ruth E. claim that there is a correlation between As the selections discussed here illustrate, Brown, Valeria K. Jones, and Ming Wang. Santa word-of-mouth advertising and social embracing the potential of social media Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2016. 354.* media communications, which is why it networks while understanding their vul- *Editor’s note: An asterisk (*) denotes a title selected has become a part of the marketing strat- nerabilities is critical. for Resources for College Libraries. egy for businesses. They argue, “There’s

46 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 LEGAL ISSUES

Section Editors: Bruce Strauch (The Citadel) Bryan M. Carson, J.D., M.I.L.S. (Western Kentucky University) Jack Montgomery (Western Kentucky University) Legally Speaking — Facing Up To Facebook by Bill Hannay (Partner, Schiff Hardin LLP, Chicago, IL)

n August, a Florida appellate court made the The case is Chace v. Loisel, 170 So. 3d 802 “may … proceed to prosecute the alleged mis- news when it rejected a claim that a judge (Fla. Ct. of App., 5th Dist., 2014). conduct in this case.” The high court stated: Ipresiding over a dispute between a law firm So, if you stay out of court, are librarians This matter presents a novel ethical and its former client should be disqualified free from worrying about the legality of Face- issue: whether an attorney can direct because the judge is a Facebook “friend” with book “friending?” Not necessarily. Librarians someone to “friend” an adverse, rep- a lawyer representing a potential witness and may be drawn into ethical disputes if they are resented party on Facebook and gather potential party in the pending litigation. See asked to help do research that involves Face- information about the person that is not Herssein v. United Servs. Auto. Ass’n, 2017 book or other social media. For example, two otherwise available to the public. No Fla. App. LEXIS 12035 (3d Dist. 2017). The New Jersey lawyers have been the target of reported case law in our State addresses appellate court didn’t think that being a Face- ethics charges for attempting to gain improper the question. Consistent with the goals book “friend” meant much. access to Facebook information. Robertelli v. of the disciplinary process, the court For librarians, this case may not seem very New Jersey Office of Atty. Ethics, 224 N.J. rules do not close off further inquiry if relevant to their work or lives, and it probably 470, 134 A.3d 963 (2016). a DEC Secretary declines to docket an isn’t unless you happen to be a party to a law- The N.J. Office of Attorney Ethics began an important, novel issue as to which there suit and try to “friend” the judge or vice versa. investigation of the lawyers representing the is little guidance, or mistakenly declines That actually happened in another Florida case. defendants in a personal injury case against a to docket an allegation of egregious, (Is there something in the water?) municipality, its police department, and a po- unethical conduct. The Director of the A trial judge in Florida sent a “friend” re- liceman who was involved in the accident. In OAE, by virtue of the broader scope of quest to a female litigant whose divorce case order to obtain information about the plaintiff his position, sees the breadth of issues was pending before him. On advice of counsel, (named Hernandez), the defense attorneys raised throughout the State and is aware she decided not to respond to the invitation. directed a paralegal employed by their firm of national trends. The public is best The judge thereafter ruled against the woman, to search the Internet. Among other sources, served by a system that permits both attributing most of the marital debt to her and she accessed Hernandez’s Facebook page. volunteers in the DECs and professionals providing her ex-husband with a disproportion- Initially, the page was open to the public. At a in the OAE to assess challenging ethical ately excessive alimony award. The woman later point, the privacy settings on the account matters like the one presented in this case. moved to disqualify the judge in her case. were changed to limit access only to Facebook A similar misuse of Facebook “friending” The judge himself heard her motion and not users who were Hernandez’s “friends.” The resulted in a determination by the San Diego surprisingly denied it as not “legally sufficient.” ethics office claimed that the defense attorneys County Bar Association in 2011 that an attor- To determine whether a motion to disqual- directed the paralegal to access and continue to ney had violated his ethical duty not to deceive. ify is “legally sufficient,” a court must decide monitor the non-public pages of Hernandez’s The attorney represented a client in a wrongful whether the alleged facts which, accepted Facebook account. She therefore submitted discharge action and obtained from his client a as true, would prompt a reasonably prudent a “friend request” to Hernandez, without list of former co-workers. The attorney sent a person to fear that she could not get a fair and revealing that she worked for the law firm Facebook “friend” request to two high-ranking impartial trial before that judge. The appellate representing defendants or that she was inves- company employees whom the client believed court granted her motion, holding that: tigating him in connection with the lawsuit. were not happy with their employer and were It seems clear that a judge’s ex parte Hernandez accepted the friend request, and the likely to make disparaging remarks about communication with a party presents a paralegal was able to obtain information from the employer on their Facebook pages. The legally sufficient claim for disqualifica- the non-public pages of his Facebook account. “friend” request only included the attorney’s tion, particularly in the case where the When the plaintiff learned of these facts, he name and did not disclose his representation party’s failure to respond to a Facebook objected to use of the information in the trial of the complaining employee or the purpose “friend” request creates a reasonable fear and filed a grievance with the ethics office. of the “friending.” of offending the solicitor. The “friend” The local bar committee refused to docket If a librarian is asked to help someone request placed the litigant between the the grievance on the ground that the allegations, obtain information on Facebook about a third proverbial rock and if proven, would not constitute party, it is wise to keep in mind that Facebook a hard place: either unethical conduct. A state users have privacy rights (and privacy settings engage in improp- trial court affirmed that deci- on Facebook). It is unwise and perhaps even er ex parte com- sion. The state ethics office illegal for a librarian to assist someone to munications with disagreed and appealed to evade or penetrate those privacy settings by the judge presid- the New Jersey Supreme “friending” in bad faith. ing over the case Court (the ultimate author- And if that’s not enough of a problem, some or risk offending ity on ethical matters in the states have entered the fight over Facebook the judge by not state). The Supreme Court “friends” by passing laws making it illegal accepting the reversed the trial court and for state teachers to “friend” their students “friend” request. ordered that the ethics office continued on page 48 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 47 Questions & Answers — Copyright Column Column Editor: Laura N. Gasaway (Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Law, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Phone: 919-962-2295; Fax: 919-962-1193) www.unc.edu/~unclng/gasaway.htm

QUESTION: A college librarian asks system with access restricted to students ANSWER: The short answer is that the about possible copyright violations when us- enrolled in the course causes no copyright case has settled. The suit was filed in May ing lecture capture and that lecture includes problems even if the lecture includes por- 2017 in Louisiana state court. (Contract dis- copyrighted materials. tions of copyrighted audiovisual putes typically are matters governed ANSWER: The first important follow works. Section 110(2) of the by state law and decided up question deals with how is the lecture Act allows transmission of in state courts.) The vet captured. Podcast with sound only? Or is it performances or displays school had separately filmed? Further, much of the answer depends of nondramatic literary subscribed to Elsevi- on what the college does with the lectures or musical works and er content but decid- at that point. Are they posted on the web? portions of audiovisual ed that the contract Available over Youtube? Posted in a course works without permis- would not be renewed management system available only to mem- sion of the copyright when it expired in bers of the class? owner if access is 2016 because the If the lecture capture is sound only, there restricted to stu- university’s con- is unlikely to be a problem at all. Section dents enrolled in tract covered its 110(1) of the Copyright Act if 1976 permits the course. Trans- 35,000 students, the performance of nondramatic literary and mitting a captured staff and faculty, musical works in a classroom in a nonprofit lecture that contains an entire audiovisual and the vet school is a part of the university. educational institution as a part of instruc- work and making it available even to enrolled In October, Elsevier cut off vet school access; tion. Therefore, capturing the reading of a students requires permission of the copyright LSU wrote to Elsevier and had that access poem, an essay, etc., or singing of a song is owner. reactivated. The vet school asked to add not problematic. Where the lecture is then QUESTION: A university librarian asks some medical and veterinary titles to LSU’s stored and who may access may be a problem; about works created through artificial intel- 2017 subscription. Elsevier quoted a price that will be discussed below. It the lecture is ligence (AI) and who owns the copyright in and LSU confirmed its acceptance of these videorecorded, then graphic works and pho- such works. terms. Nevertheless, in January 2017, access was again terminated. tographs may be captured, and section 110(1) ANSWER: Copyright experts debated permits that. Note that audiovisual works are this issue for years before there were actual According to LSU, Elsevier then refused not included. Section 110(1) does not permit creative works produced by a computer. To- to honor the agreement or to license any of the the performance of entire audiovisual works day, there are many types of computer-gen- agreed upon titles to LSU. So, the question be- without permission of the copyright owner erated works including poetry, paintings, fore the court was whether there was a valid of- even in the course of instruction. But small software and music, etc. According to news fer and acceptance. By letter in April, Elsevier portions of such works included in a lecture reports, Google has even created sounds that suggested that LSU add the desired veterinary capture are likely fair use. no human has heard before. The courts in medicine titles to its existing contract and pay Placing captured lectures on the web so the United States have always held that only an additional $170,000 in subscription costs that anyone may access them is not a good works of human authorship may receive a plus $30,000 as a cost increase to the overall idea. Putting them in a course management copyright. Consider the reason that copyright contract. LSU’s existing contract with Else- exists in this country, to enable owners to reap vier is about $1.5 million annually. the economic benefit from their works that, in Elsevier says that the dispute arose because turn, will encourage them to continue to pro- LSU, without paying for it, was asking the duce copyrighted works, which thus benefits publisher to add a school that previously was the public. Would awarding a copyright to separate. The LSU contract did not include Legally Speaking a computer encourage it to create additional the vet school, further, neither was there any from page 47 works? No. merger of the university and the school for the This is similar to the way courts have dealt contract negotiated. on Facebook. In 2011, Governor Jay Nixon with whether animals can own copyright. The An interesting issue the case raised was signed Missouri State Bill 54, which bans stu- answer has also been no, because only human jurisdiction. Elsevier is a Dutch company and dents and teachers from communicating and authors can make the decisions about whether its contracts usually require that litigation take being “friends” on the social networking site. to grant licenses for the use of their works, etc. place in the Netherlands. This is common for (The law is intended to prevent inappropriate With AI created works increasing, it may corporations whether foreign or domestic. U.S. relationships between children and teachers.) be that Congress and the courts will have to companies typically would specify the state in So if you are a librarian in a state school, you revisit this issue in the future. As we learn which the company headquarters is located as should check out your state’s laws before more about animal intelligence and creativity the jurisdiction for lawsuits. A problem for “friending” a student … for any reason. perhaps, the human authorship requirement state supported colleges and universities is that should also be reconsidered for works by they are often required by state statute to sign animals. contracts only if the contracts specify that state Bill Hannay is a partner at the Chica- QUESTION: A library director asks what as the jurisdiction for any disputes to be settled. go-based law firm, Schiff Hardin LLP, a has happened with the suit Louisiana State QUESTION: A publishing librarian regular speaker at the Charleston Confer- University (LSU) filed against Elsevier over asks whether the exceptions for nonprofit ence, and a frequent contributor to Against a contract dispute about whether the LSU educational uses in a classroom and for the Grain. In his spare time, he is an Adjunct School of Veterinary Medicine was included distance education also apply to nonprofit Professor of Law at IIT/Chicago-Kent law in the overall university contract for access educational publishers. school and a playwright. to Elsevier’s journals. continued on page 49

48 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 in the public domain, the photographer would Rumors Questions & Answers own the copyright in a photograph of the work from page 43 from page 48 if it possesses the requisite originality. QUESTION: A children’s librarian asks ers, Wendy Hagenmaier (Georgia Tech) ANSWER: No. The statute does not use about the recent case that decided child-fo- collabprates on Lost in the Stacks, Sarah the phrase “nonprofit educational uses” but cused literary guides infringed the copyrights Hare (Sarah Crissinger) (Indiana Univer- uses that take place in nonprofit educational in the underlying novels. sity) on the ACRLog team, Inge Haugen institutions in the course of instruction. A (Virginia Tech) works with Ithaka S+R and nonprofit publisher is not an educational in- ANSWER: In Penguin Random House in the book, This is What a Librarian Looks stitution. Many entities are nonprofit but are LLC v. Frederick Colting d/b/a Moppet Like, Kate Hill (UNC Greensboro) named not educational institutions. It depends on Books, 2017 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 145852, the Libraries Fellow North Carolina State how the entity is organized under the tax code. district court for the Southern District of New University, Heather Howard (Purdue) Additionally, there are for-profit schools that York found that the defendant company was managing large scale data-driven deselec- do not qualify for the nonprofit educational creating unauthorized children’s guides to tion initiative, Maoria J. Kirker (George institution exceptions to the Copyright Act. classic novels. The defendants claimed that Mason University) sees expansion between the works they created were protected as a QUESTION: Who owns the copyright collaboration in public and academic librar- fair use. Called “Kinderguides,” the books ies, Amanda M. Lowe (Univ of Albany, in a contemporary photograph of a painting were summaries of novels such as Breakfast or sculpture? SUNY) wants to overhaul marketing ma- at Tiffany’s, The Old Man and the Sea, On the terials for the library, Michael Rodriguez ANSWER: Photographs are protected by Road and 2001. (Univ of Connecticut) named LJ Reviewer copyright as pictorial, graphic or sculptural The court stated that it was not necessary of the year for 2015, Kelly Durkin Ruth works. Generally, the photographer owns to determine substantial similarity since the (US Naval Academy) likes cookbooks and the copyright in a photograph of a work of guides were based on the plaintiffs’ novels. gardening, Katrina Spencer (Middlebury art, unless the photo was a work for hire. Defendants claimed that they had copied College) was a doctoral student for a brief In that case, the copyright is owned by the unprotectable “fictional facts,” described as period, has curated several multi-format hiring entity. characters and storylines. The court held displays, Jennifer Thoegersen (U of Ne- Assume that the underlying work of art is that copyright protects not only the literal braska, Lincoln) Fulbright Fellow 3013, still under copyright, if the photograph is an text of a work but also made up facts about Katy Kavanagh Webb (East Carolina exact recreation, with no elements of origi- characters and events. These are creative and University) is Chair of LITA’s minority nality such as lighting, angle, etc., then the are protected expression. The kinderguides scholarship granting committee. I have artist owns the copyright as the photograph is were a simple recasting, an abridgment. The just highlighted a few things. Read more a reproduction of a work of art. If the art were use was not found to be a fair use. on pages 79-89 this issue. continued on page 64 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 49 50 Against theGrain /December2017-January 2018 Op Ed — Opinions and Editorials I combatting anxiety ally recommendedfor that the antidote usu- therapy, you’ll know cognitive behavioral dangerous! positively roamed thesavannah, once that cats fierce ducing but,likethe anxiety-pro- just not thing we’reavoiding is telling ourbrainthatthe something, weareeffectively something more intense. When we avoid calates our normalhumananxietyinto reason whythiskindofavoidance es- causes. Butthere’s anotherlessobvious statistics that would point to very benign aches, you’ll not be discussing baseline scary explanations foryourchild’s head- addition to not discussing the possible more anxious. That’s partly because, in such avoidanceislikelytomakeyou your child’s headaches, inthelongrun, comes withdiscussionofwhat’s causing decision may spare you the anxiety that headaches to apediatrician. While this you may decide against mentioning the your anxietyaboutchild’s health, from headaches. To avoid intensifying more anxiety. of avoidance behavior, unfortunately, is by AdamBlackwell(ProductManagerLead,ProQuest) the FightAgainstFakeNews Op Ed—Educators,NotEngineers,ShouldLead time onearth.” it ruins“adominant shareofourbrief It is“irrevocable [and]existential,” and are told, is a “permanent feature of life.” torn apartbywildanimals.” Anxiety, we watching ourkinsmenget“trampledand anxiety is anevolutionaryoutgrowthof behavior.” of whatpsychologistscall“avoidance our anxiety, weareengaging in aform ber oftimesthatsomethingtriggers anxious. Intryingtoreduce the num- is avoidinginformationthatmakesus do thingsthatmakeouranxietyworse. just that it’s wrong but that it leads us to trouble with thisviewofanxiety is not through life without experiencing. The just played our cards right, we could go as anunnecessaryemotion,which,ifwe alive. Instead, we tend to view anxiety dition, thepriceweallpayforremaining it as an inexorable part ofthe human con- anxiety inthisway. We don’t thinkabout ton’s SchoolofLife,welearnthat short video put out by a Anxious,” So We’reAll “Why n If you’ve done any If you’ve done any Let’s sayyourchildissuffering One ofthesethings,paradoxically, But, daytoday, werarelythinkabout That soundsaboutright. 2 And thelong-term impact 1 Alain de Bot- answer is quite a lot. the representative, is survey Service fake news? Well, if a recent BBC World enough sleep. of drinkingplenty ofwaterandgetting benefits health the child your teach to reframing creates an opportunity for you and fatigue are morelikely causes. This commonplace factorslikedehydration and, intheabsenceofothersymptoms, headache, itisextremelyimprobable illness isapossiblecauseofyourchild’s volve acknowledgingthat,whileserious ality. A morepositiveframingwouldin- your subjective feelings for objective re- likely emotionalreasoning,ormistaking tortions inthisthought,oneofwhichis illness. There aremultiple possible dis- the headache is a symptom of a serious you anxietybutperhapsthethoughtthat it’s nottheheadache itself thatcauses reframe theminapositiveway. tease out from them any distortions, and trick then istoidentify these thoughts, that provoke highlevels of anxiety. The response towhathappensintheworld Instead, it’s the thoughts we have in world is inherently anxiety-producing. that very little of what happens in the approach is premisedonthe assumption engagement is notavoidancebut,onthecontrary, intentionally false. gerated but is flat out, demonstrably, and that’s notmerelysloppy, biased,orexag - about the spread of fake news, or news anxiety feeling reported 80% nearly countries, 18 in polled adults 16,000 and you knew when an article came from and youknewwhenanarticle came from article when you got ink on yourhands, you knewwerereadinganewspaper information. Inthepre-internetera, of but news of just not flattening a witnessed have migration the hugeprint-to-electronic (or P-to-E) I’d betthatnumberisevenhigher. What does all this have to do with In thecaseofyourchild’s headache, All ofuswhotaughtclassesbefore a scholarly journal because it was archived in aboundvolumethat had tobechecked out attheref- erence desk. With digitization, sources thatoncelooked . The engagement-centered and felt different now look andfeel the same. 4,5 Consequently, stu Consequently, Among educators, 3

dents at every level dents at every level Ofthe more than tell thedifference And if they can’t sic distinctions. make veryba- are strugglingto all sources of - 6

posed fake real newsarticle from acarefully com- odds they’llsucceedindistinguishing a the are what blog, a and article, journal between anewspaperarticle,scholarly composition attheUniversityofUtah , misused) tovalidatefalsebeliefs. news, not just fake news, can be used (or then there’s nothingspecial about it.All fake news simply reinforces our beliefs, crumbles when subjected to scrutiny. If use. But,onceagain,thisassumption news isparticularly susceptible to mis- people’s beliefs,andthatisfake in thethoughtthatfakenewschanges we alreadyhold. but, instead, simply reinforces the beliefs that fake news rarely changes ourbeliefs them. are to believe fake news that challenges sistent withourexisting beliefs than we likely to believe fake news that’s con- more far are we show Studies picture. look at the data, we see a very different es are representative. Indeed, when we don’t haveevidencethattheirexperienc - olina man’s andmyfriend’s beliefs,we fake newsthat changed the NorthCar believer in Making America Great Again. #NeverTrumpan outspoken into atrue ic conspiracysite seemedto turn herfrom with fake news on a virulently anti-Semit- involved anoldfriend,whoseencounter ington, DC. A closer-to-home anecdote out ofapopularpizzarestaurantin Wash- pro-Clinton pedophile ring was operating apparently ledhimtobelievethata consumption offakenewsonReddit involved aNorthCarolinamanwhose posit alarger trend.Onesuchanecdote them isprobablymyuseofanecdotesto of significant most the me, For tortions. though, and it’s likely you’ll note dis- believe. believe things theywouldn’t otherwise I’ve often had: fake news makes people be manysuchthoughts.Here’s onethat anxious aboutfakenews. There could the specific thoughts that are making you citations, spendsometimeidentifying devoting yournext lesson to correct to moremanageable tasks.Butbefore anxiety, while tempting you tomoveon your increases difficulties the about ing environment isdaunting.Perhapsthink- digital changing rapidly a in minefields struggling studentsnavigate fake news In the late 1990s, when I was teaching There’s another probable distortion Even if we uncritically accept it was moment, a for thought this with Sit The challengeofhelpingalready 7 What thismeansinpractice is one? continued onpage 51 -

way that frees us to believe what we want.8 Op Ed As Sir Francis Bacon observed nearly 400 Endnotes from page 50 years ago: 1. schooloflifechannel. “Why We’re All So The human understanding, once it has Anxious.” YouTube, YouTube, 6 May 2015, a student was researching the impact of lib- adopted opinions, either because they https://youtu.be/mW0gj3n4D1Q. eralizing marijuana policies. Passionately were already accepted and believed, 2. Dymond, Simon, and Bryan Roche. “A pro-legalization, he claimed that a massive or because it likes them, draws ev- Contemporary Behavior Analysis of Anxiety increase in marijuana use would have no and Avoidance.” The Behavior Analyst, vol. erything else to support and agree 32, no. 1, 2009, pp. 7-27, PsycINFO, https:// negative health effects. None of the sources 9 with them. search.proquest.com/docview/756304163?ac- he had consulted were fake in the way we Conceived of in human rather than countid=131239. understand the term today. But by drawing technological terms, fake news is a problem 3. “Fake Internet Content a High Concern, but on small, incomplete, or badly designed that falls comfortably within the educator’s Appetite for Regulation Weakens: BBC World pro-legalization studies and ignoring several wheelhouse. As librarians and instructors, Service Poll - Media Centre.” BBC, BBC, larger and more carefully controlled caution- we have seen students misusing sources for https://youtu.be/mW0gj3n4D1Q. ary studies, he’d reinforced his false belief years; we’ve read dozens of student papers 4. Allcott, Hunt, and Matthew Gentzkow. that there were no risks to public health of where sources have been co-opted to validate “Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Elec- making marijuana widely available. tion.” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31.2 beliefs that fly in the face of the scientific (2017): 211-36. Print. 26 May 2017. The point I am trying to drive home here consensus; and, above all, we’ve seen how is our students’ biggest problem isn’t that they 5. Townsend, Tess. “Facebook Hoaxes.” Inc. students use information not as a means of 21 Nov. 2016. Web. 26 May 2017 occasionally mistake fake news for real news. learning new things about the world but, It’s that they so often use all types of news instead, as a means of reassuring themselves 6. Stanford History Education Group. “Eval- to reinforce their existing beliefs. No doubt uating Information: The Cornerstone of Civic they know enough already. Our experienc- Online Reasoning.” 22 Nov. 2016, https://purl. they’ve always been selective in what they es in the classroom, more than tweaks to stanford.edu/, p.4. Web. 3 Oct. 2017. read and watch, but, in an era where social Facebook algorithms, are what we’ll need 7. Lazer, David et al “Combating Fake media and customized alerts have largely to mount a successful campaign against the News: An Agenda for Research and Action.” replaced national and regional news, many scourge of fake news. Shorenstein Center, 10 May 2017, https:// students curate their news sources to such Finally, whether we’re feeling anxious shorensteincenter.org/combating-fake-news- an extent that they expose themselves only to about headaches, fake news, or the misuse agenda-for-research/. Accessed 26 May 2017. news that reinforces their beliefs. As a result, of information, there is always a temptation 8. Subramanian, Samanth. “Inside the these beliefs persist largely unchallenged — to avoid doing things that could intensify our Macedonian Fake-News Complex.” Wired, and many of the false ones go uncorrected. Conde Nast, 2 February 2017, https://www. anxiety. As a result, we may resist thinking wired.com/2017/02/veles-macedonia-fake- In treating the uncritical consumption about, and actively trying to resolve, some news/. Accessed 26 May 2017. of fake news as a symptom of the more significant problems. This is generally a 9. Qtd. in Taubes, Garry. “Vegetable Oils, fundamental problem of excessive curation, mistake. Because while avoidance may buy (Francis) Bacon, Bing Crosby and the American I am suggesting that the market for fake us some temporary relief, in the long run, it Heart Association.” 16 June 2017. http:// news is shaped less by the opportunism of increases our anxiety. The big cats won’t stay www.cardiobrief.org/2017/06/16/guest-post- a few tech-savvy Macedonian teens than it away forever. There will come a day when vegetable-oils-francis-bacon-bing-crosby-and- is by the longstanding desire of students, we’ll have to confront them. the-american-heart-association/. Accessed 30 and indeed all of us, to define the world in a June 2017.

ATG Special Report — Charlotte Initiative E-book Symposium Charleston Marriott Courtyard, November 6, 2017 by Rebecca Lenzini (President, The Charleston Company)

s the website for this symposium noted, “For the past two Project Team offered a free symposium to all Charleston Confer- years attendees of the Charleston Conference have heard ence attendees on November 6, 2017, at the Marriott Courtyard. The Aabout The Charlotte Initiative for Permanent Acquisition symposium presented overview findings from the Environmental Scan of E-books, by Academic Libraries the Andrew W. Mellon funded Research, as well as Publisher and Vendor Perspectives, and highlights research grant designed to study the current from the four research team findings. state of eBooks in the academic market.” Charles Hamaker, the project’s Initial Principal Investigator, http://charlotteinitiative.uncc.edu/ kicked off the afternoon by reminding the audience of the original The two-year project is now coming goals of the project which were to example three core principles to a close, with the final report due in proposed for eBook licenses: December 2017. Participants of the grant are sharing their • Provision of irrevocable perpetual access and archival rights. findings, with the goal of • Allowance for unlimited simultaneous users. helping to continue the conversations begun • Freedom from any Digital Rights Management (DRM), during the investiga- including (but not limited to) use of proprietary formats, tions. As part of that restricted access to content, or time-limited access terms. effort, members of the continued on page 52

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 51 John Sherer, Director of the UNC Press, Following a break, a series of “Shotgun ATG Special Report — Charlotte ... was next up and reminded members in at- Highlights and Findings” were offered by from page 51 tendance that an Ithaka study on the cost of members of the research teams and covered publishing scholarly monographs has stated the following topics: He noted that the project team and working that each book represents an expected loss of • Licensing Principles, Theresa group included a mix of publishers, consortia $20,000. He also reminded us that 85-90% Liedtka (University of Tennes- of publisher sales are still print based. Sherer and libraries, with 26 members participating see-Chatanooga) and Rebecca finds the concept of “prefunding” now under http://charlotteinitiative.uncc.edu/ci/proj- Seger (Oxford University Press) ect_team. Among Chuck’s take-aways, often investigation by the AAU/ARL/AAUP coop- referenced during the afternoon, was the need erative to be worth following. He also pro- • Course Use, Liz Siler (Collection to “name names” as well as the need to stop posed a “radical” idea, in which all university Development Librarian, UNC “talking past each other” among the various press books would be available for access for Charlotte) and Kelly Denzer constituencies. a reasonable fee (X) and where that fee, with (Electronic Resources Librarian, a “kicker” (X++) would allow ownership of Davidson College) Following Chuck, October Ivins, Project high use items. With enough participation • Platforms & Preservation, Kate Consultant for the grant, noted that two addi- from libraries, the dollar value of X could be tional topics — ILL and Course Use — had Davis (Assistant Director, Scholars affordable. Portal) been added to the original “core principles” Though he was not a member of the grant’s • User Experience, Alison Bradley being studied. She described the iterative working groups, Michael Zeoli, who handles (Collection Development Librarian, process used during the investigation, which Content Development & Partner Relations for Davidson College) combined surveys with interviews. Talking GOBI, presented a fascinating series of slides about the publisher survey (conducted from illustrating book sales and trends based on data My favorite personal take-away from August 2016-April 2017), she was pleased to from 27 eBook platforms served by GOBI. these reports was the observation that one report that 66 of 162 lengthy surveys were in Among his observations were that eBook benefit of the entire investigation was a greater fact completed. Results showed good support collections are on the rise as expected but that understanding of issues from each other’s for “no DRM,” unlimited simultaneous users, the coverage among the collections is quite points of view and that all involved wanted and perpetual access. On the added topic of uneven, primarily due to copyright differences to continue the conversations and discussions. ILL, however, only 17% showed support. Pub- between various providers and their publisher Completely in the spirit of the Charleston lishers also noted that Course Selected books agreements. He also reported that DDA as a Conference! represent 80% of revenue and therefore may percent of total sales has increased dramatical- not be open for more lenient policies. ly, from 10% in 2012 to 28% in 2017.

ATG Interviews Jon Cawthorne Dean of the University Library System, Wayne State University by Tom Gilson (Associate Editor, Against the Grain) and Katina Strauch (Editor, Against the Grain)

ATG: Jon, you were just appointed Dean Because beyond Wayne State’s Carnegie of the University Library System at Wayne classification1 as “R1,” which means a doctoral State University. What prompted you to take institution with the highest level of research on this challenge? Why Wayne State? Why activity, we’ve also been awarded Carnegie’s now? Community Engagement classification, which JC: First, I love West Virginia University we compete for every five years. I’m proud to (WVU). The people in the WVU libraries are say we’re among only 1.3 percent of universi- exceptionally talented — and held in highest ties that fall into this group. So Wayne State regard on the campus and throughout the state. is a very diverse, urban institution at a pivotal I’m grateful for my time at WVU, and almost moment in its history. I’m inspired by the every day I acknowledge outstanding work that vision laid out by our president and provost. we accomplished together. The institution is And I know that our Library System team has very, very special to me. the talent and tenacity that will — along with our rich portfolio of other assets — will move The opportunity at Wayne State Universi- us forward to being a leader among the world’s ty was too good to pass up for several reasons. best research libraries. At Wayne State, I’m dean of both the Library System and the School of Information Sciences ATG: You came from West Virginia Uni- (SIS). The combination of these roles offers a versity where you served as dean of libraries. rare opportunity to influence and support not What did you learn at WVU that you think just a major research library, but also the future will be most helpful in assuring success in of library education. The School just celebrat- say that I’m thrilled to be back — especially your new position? ed 50 years of ALA accreditation, but its roots at this time, when the city’s transformation JC: Well, I learned several things: 1) trace back 100 years. Earlier in my career — in is at full throttle. I’m excited about how our Libraries are appreciated and respected among 2002 — I began in library administration at Libraries and Wayne State can work together administrators, faculty and students; 2) I the Detroit Public Library (DPL). Detroit for the public good of Detroit, and also for all learned that the people who work in libraries was very different back in 2002, and I must of Michigan. That’s a big part of our mission. continued on page 53

52 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 here on campus — for example, several of our identify the influencers, and accelerate learn- Interview — Jon Cawthorne graduates work in our fundraising organiza- ing what I need to learn. Those responses are from page 52 tion as prospect researchers. And I’m really now a baseline for future “surveys” that will proud to say Wayne State’s chief information ask the same questions and measure progress are good people, and their professional library officer is a graduate of theSIS MLIS program. from when I started. skills remain absolutely essential for students, faculty, administrators — and for the public, I’ve been at Wayne State only for a short ATG: You have your Ph.D. from Sim- too. 3) I learned how important it is for lead- time, but three important areas of focus are mons College in Managerial Leadership ers to spend time understanding culture, and already clear. First, I see tremendous oppor- in the Information Professions. In what creating and fostering a library culture that’s tunities for SIS to become an even bigger ways have you translated that background flexible and open to new paradigms. 4) I leader in online education. Second, because into positive advantage for the libraries that learned how important it is to take risks — and SIS must prepare students to thrive in a future you’ve lead? Have you developed a philoso- to always, always take care of people. Finally, that will demand professionals trained in new phy of library leadership that you can share? there is no magic formula for communication, media and strategies that cross traditional JC: My doctoral studies introduced me but I learned a lot about when, where, how, disciplines, I’m working to advance exciting to different leadership theories, case studies, and why to communicate the vision for the interdisciplinary educational partnerships and innovative approaches to managing and libraries. Every member of our senior lead- across our colleges. Finally, especially be- leading. As I studied different change theo- ership team at WVU participated in culture cause ours is one of the most diverse campuses ries, I was always looking for something to exercises; my own experience made me even in the nation, SIS must cultivate a pipeline help myself and other leaders articulate an more aware of how I communicate an encour- for underrepresented minorities to become exciting future vision. Appreciative Inquiry aging vision, and helped me understand that inspired and get educated for productive ca- just spoke to me, in part, because it hadn’t the outcome of any high-level, institutional reers in the information industry. My vision yet been used systematically in an academ- change initiative is a responsibility that I own for SIS includes systematic outreach, recruit- ic library setting. Basically, Appreciative as a leader. Finally, I now believe research ment, and training toward a diverse workforce Inquiry is a very positive approach toward libraries must work at demonstrating how our that more closely aligns with a diverse world. change; it builds on what is good and positive work advances student success and retention. Without a diverse workforce, we simply can’t about the organization. It also focuses on advance democratic access to information by the strengths of people. We accomplished a Our Wayne State University flagship economically and educationally underserved lot at West Virginia University. I’m proud library — the freestanding David Adamany populations. We must have a diverse work- that we stayed committed to our people, as Undergraduate Library — hosts a strategic force of librarians looks more like the diverse the intellectual capital of a knowledge-based group of programs right within its four walls. communities we serve. enterprise. I learned how important it is to For example, the Irvin D. Reid Honors Col- focus on and develop the individual strengths lege is right below my office. And we also ATG: What other professional experi- of each person. And last — but certainly host the Academic Success and University ences have been formative in shaping your not least — I’m particularly proud to have Advising Center in the Undergraduate career and administrative approach? upgraded the salaries of 44 percent of our Library. So there’s always a diverse team JC: I started seeking out any and all library team members. of faculty and academic support staff among leadership development opportunities I the students — and the energy is nothing could access. I attended sessions and read ATG: On a more practical level, what short of fabulous! We host operations of the countless books. I suppose you could say my leadership skills and competencies do you Detroit Area Library Network (DALNET) entire career has been about answering one look for when hiring department heads and and we’re also DALNET’s administrative question: “How does one get to be a dean other administrators? What qualities do you and fiscal agent. DALNET, as a collabora- of libraries?” When I first asked myself this value most in a future leader? tive group comprising Wayne State and 18 question 24 years ago, I didn’t know what it JC: I believe everyone — people at ev- smaller libraries touches the entire eco-system really meant — beyond having the title. I ery level of the organization — can practice of libraries in our community. think I now know from experience about all leadership. I recognize genuine qualities of ATG: We didn’t realize that you were the professional risks. Moving from research honesty, humility, and humor. I have an af- also the Dean of the School of Information libraries to the administration of large, urban finity for people who absolutely love libraries Sciences. You mention the future of library public libraries, serving as an interim leader, and people, and who are insatiable learners. I education. What do you see as the main chal- and then leading in several different organi- believe that those who truly aspire to be lead- lenges that you and other library educators zations — I’m happy to say that it’s worked ers must also strive for a deeper understanding face in preparing tomorrow’s librarians? out for me. But while I was on this journey, I of themselves and their passions. Rising How should library education change to wasn’t fully aware of how I was “forming.” In leaders and leaders alike must be personable, meet their needs? fact, I think studying leadership in my Ph.D. approach risks with fearlessness, and be will- program helped me: 1) really understand the ing to share and learn from their failures. As JC: As the School of Information Sci- qualities needed in a leader, 2) identify culture leaders and rising leaders, our “power tools” ences (SIS) dean, naturally I represent the as critical to any and all change initiatives, are personal authenticity, credibility, trust, and school and look for opportunities to position and 3) develop a deeper appreciation for the a deep commitment to communicate effective- its faculty, students, and future students for complexities and context of both higher edu- ly. I pose the following question to people success and jobs in the information industry cation and the information industry. who come to me and express an interest in and beyond. Even before I became dean, it ATG: You’ve only been at Wayne State library leadership: What is your vision for was immediately clear to me that Wayne’s the research library of the future? SIS students receive a high-quality education a few months but we were wondering: have — delivered entirely online. The informa- there been any interesting surprises so far? ATG: The library community considers tion age has created a false perception that In what ways have your expectations been diversity to be a core value. Yet a recent “everything is on Google.” Helping dispel met? Ithaka S+R report notes that the library pro- this perception may be the biggest challenge JC: As a leader coming to a new orga- fession is overwhelmingly white, especially we all face. Librarians are trained to think nization, I’m mindful of the existing organi- in leadership positions. Why do you think about information, knowledge, and facts — zational culture. On my first day at Wayne there is such a disconnect? and those skills translate to fields beyond the State — on August 1 — I sent a message to JC: Of course, we all have the best inten- traditional four-walls of a library. Many SIS everyone in the Library System asking for tions, and we want our organizations to reflect graduates whom I’ve met in my first months candid input. My questions were based in the diversity of the campus, the community, are working as business analysts for large Appreciative Inquiry and were formulated and — ultimately — of society. Diversity is corporations here in Detroit. Many work to help me understand the culture, begin to continued on page 54

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 53 My personal take on scenario planning is who work in libraries to become excited Interview — Jon Cawthorne all about people as intellectual capital. And about the future. When it comes to scholarly from page 53 while a number of different futures have been communication, I think there’s an amount of advanced by the ARL and others, none have change. And — again — the levels of com- a complex issue, and we’d all benefit from acknowledged that people are an academic plexity are astonishing. Yet as I look toward stepping back and reviewing how people get library’s most valuable and fluid asset. Peo- the future, I believe we must work toward introduced to academic librarianship, where ple are an academic library’s most valuable deeper, meaningful collaborations. We must they get their experience, and how they pres- asset, yet you can’t put people on a balance incubate different business models. And we ent and position themselves in a traditional sheet, and you can’t make them stay. each must embrace an active leadership role academic search. I believe there are many ATG: Do you plan to use scenario plan- in creating the future. We have brilliant, qualified people, but many haven’t had the ning at Wayne State? How do you envision dedicated professionals in our industry, and benefit of mentoring, and therefore haven’t it helping you improve services? I expect we’ll find new ways to innovate and had the right exposure or experience. I believe expand scholarly communication — across this is where the disconnect exists. I believe JC: I certainly do. But before we can all libraries, vendors, and institutions. Yes, it’s more of a pipeline issue than anything else. vision and advance any truly meaningful we have significant challenges and pressures The Diversity Alliance was created at West futures, we first need to act on the strate- in our information industry. But I say, “Let’s Virginia University and now has moved to gic imperative of developing, motivating, go!” I’m excited about leading the Wayne the Association of College and Research and retaining people as a means to rise to State University Library System as we rise Libraries to provide underrepresented, di- change and to innovate. We’re talking about to these challenges and pressures, and also verse individuals experience in a three-year planning for scenarios that frankly, can be in learning to love and leverage the change post MLS residency. Currently, there are terrifying. This is uncomfortable in most that will happen in this world every single close to 40 institutions that have signed up to library cultures, because they’re grounded in day. Looking beyond the Libraries, I’m also become part of the Alliance. When WVU, history and facts. It will take a workforce and excited about partnering with my new col- American University, the University of a mindset that is both fearless and eager to leagues on strategies to extend the reach of Iowa, and Virginia Tech started the Alliance, look through a different lens at our future — the broad Wayne State University Library we advertised eight residency positions and and futures. And I’m working with everyone System throughout Michigan and beyond. — across our institutions — we received more to accomplish that, right now. Our organi- ATG: Library leadership carries with it than 300 applications. Granted, this is a big zational development work will become the a great deal of responsibility and we suspect challenge, but as every library leader pays foundation for scenario planning — and for that to maintain your edge, you’d need some close attention to their unique search, selec- building the library of the future. down time. What do you do for fun when tion, and hiring processes, I think that being I can’t say it any better than did Arthur you’re away from the library? How do you a part of the Alliance will eventually help all Schopenhauer: “Thus, the task is, not so relax and get re-energized for that next big academic and research libraries diversify their much to see what no one has yet seen, but challenge? organizations. to think what nobody has yet thought about that which everybody sees.” JC: This takes constant attention. I admit ATG: Your research has focused on I don’t always do as well as I should, but a helping academic libraries imagine the fu- ATG: Speaking of imagining the future regular meditation practice has helped me ture through scenario planning. Can you of academic libraries, how do you envision immensely. I really enjoy riding my bike tell us more about that? What is scenario the future role of libraries? Where do on weekends and whenever I can get out. planning and why is it an effective strategy we fit in the brave new world of scholarly Cyclists come from all walks of life and I just for libraries? communication? What challenges, oppor- love meeting new people that share a love of JC: Simply put, scenario planning is a tunities, and pitfalls should library leaders cycling! So it was just “right” when I learned process that produces four different stories be thinking about? as a candidate for this job that Wayne State’s about how a plausible future might unfold; JC: This is a complex, terrifying and President Roy Wilson started the Univer- each story becomes increasingly more futur- exciting set of questions! Complex because sity’s Baroudeur bike ride three years ago. istic and helps organizations understand how of the rapid technological advances that have “Baroudeur” is French for “warrior.” And decisions made today might affect its future. affected every academic library over the last at Wayne State, we’re “Warrior Strong.” I was inspired to study this method when 60-70 years — in personnel, service, and ATG: Jon, we know that you are incred- I learned how it had been used by Royal collection strategies. Terrifying because, as ibly busy right now, so thank you so much Dutch Shell in its “futures” operation, which a leader, it’s often very difficult to balance for taking the time to talk to us. We really launched in the late 60s. Shell’s forecasts “the way we’ve always done things” with appreciate it. predicted not only the 1973 oil crisis, but also articulating an exciting vision for the future. I often feel our organizations and our cultures JC: Tom and Katina, it is my pleasure. the peak of oil prices, and prepared Shell to Your questions were great and gave me an take action in 1981 to preserve shareholder are aligned with information-seeking behavior and needs of the past. opportunity to share my thinking on lead- value by selling off surplus reserves before ership — a subject about which I’m truly the oil glut. The good news — and it is really good passionate. Every day I learn something In the middle of my doctoral research, the news — is that because of an explosion of new that teaches me how to improve my own ARL challenged a working group to produce digital information, librarians and their skills leadership practice! The ARL 2030 Scenarios, which were pub- are needed now more than ever. At all levels lished in October 2010. The ARL scenarios of the library, we must remain positive and are very futuristic. Unfortunately, the scenar- really examine how our culture — partic- ios did not address challenges and opportuni- ularly our beliefs and values — shape or ties for the current research library. There’s no allow different ways of thinking about how question that libraries have been and remain we can influence information-seeking be- ripe for scenario planning, but we haven’t seen havior and needs. We must be willing and many examples of how this planning process eager to identify and test new approaches. Endnotes works effectively in a research library setting. Leaders must understand the significant 1. The Carnegie Classification of Institu- I believe scenario planning can offer a future influence of culture on every decision, new tions of Higher Education (n.d.). About Car- narrative that helps a research library take idea, or exciting innovation. Our collective negie Classification. Retrieved 9/28/2017 advantage of the extraordinary opportunities challenge is to figure out how we change from http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/. to navigate rapid change. our culture while also inspiring the people

54 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Little Red Herrings — SAVE THE INTERNET! McFarland by Mark Y. Herring (Dean of Library Services, Dacus Library, Winthrop University)

et me admit, without hesitation, that this bad thing. That’s only because you really have is not what you think. There is clickbait to be determined to find that opposing still Lon the Internet, which is, of course, well small voice crying in the wilderness in favor known to anyone who has been online for more of the FCC plans. It’s a tiny voice that cannot than ten minutes. Before that, however, there be heard above the din and tintinnabulation was the proverbial “man bites dog” headline telling us that maintaining net neutrality is the that sandbagged readers into reading a story ONLY choice. It may be, too, that some of that they would not otherwise have read had those voices are being silenced, perhaps even the headline been more honest. with silencers. It’s not that I do not want to save the Inter- Consider this a think piece in the sense that net. I do. Nevertheless, I’m a little concerned I’m asking readers to think for moment that net that those who carry these placards are not neutrality may not be the only view to hold. really about saving it, having no salvific bone Ditching the current rules puts consumers in their bodies. Rather, they are for eliminating in charge: Currently, only the large ISPs are anything that the current presidential adminis- in charge, not you, the consumer. They decide tration is in favor of, which isn’t the same thing. what will and what will not fly, and there is little Perhaps Eliot was right: the greatest treason anyone can do about that. Ditching the current is to do the right thing for the wrong reason. rules would allow many more players and With rare exception, nothing has galvanized diminish the control of the “big boys.” Think edited by Carol Smallwood activists and those of us in libraries more these what happened with the so-called Baby Bells. and Lura Sanborn days than net neutrality. It’s also “a thing” with Ditching the current rules places the cost just about everyone else. If you “google” the of innovation in capable hands. Right now, $65 softcover (7 × 10) 2017 phrase, the first two or three trillion hits that you, the taxpayers, fund innovation through ISBN 978-1-4766-6473-6 come up are in favor of the status quo and the government. Raise your hand if you think against the current Federal Communications government to be especially innovative. Now, Ebook 978-1-4766-3034-2 Commission’s chairman, Ajit Pai, and the under Title II, a slew of regulations is placed FCC’s plans to scuttle the Obama-era rules on before ISPs, and they must submit proposals net neutrality: no blocking, no throttling, and for any new business model. Once the FCC no paid prioritization. By the time you read decides against them, there is no recourse. It is this, the 3-2 decision in favor of scuttling the final. Sounds just like the perfect environment rules may well be overturned. But in case it’s for innovation, right? Most government agen- not and the decision stands, here are a few rea- cies that I am aware of are only a little ahead of sons why it may not be Armageddon after all. the Intel 8088 machines. The current calculus The hysteria surrounding this issue — and I suits Silicon Valley just fine because it creates will get to that later — is nothing short of aston- a formidable barbican that holds out all others. ishing, not to mention embarrassing. Frankly, Ditching the current rules increases compe- there is not only no room for another view, tition. Yes, yes, I know: every child is a win- but also like Emily Dickinson’s poem, if you ner, but not in real life, only in some mythical demur from the status quo you’re straightway world where mediocrity rules. If company A is handled with a chain, literally. trying to outvie company B, then it will have to Still, contrarian that I am, I’m always wor- deliver a better product. Current rules favor the ried when everyone agrees on one view and giants, like Facebook and Google, and that’s wants to garrote the opposing view, with blood why they favor net neutrality. Again, the Ma and all. Why, even the other day, the normally Bell conglomerate is to the point here. The staid and composed ALA hyperventilated in FCC guaranteed its monopoly and it took, ac- tweets and Facebook posts over net neutrality. cording to one observer, the Justice Department I should not be surprised. Apparently, to- to prevent overpricing. edited by Carol Smallwood day’s young people, and not-so-young people, Ditching the current rules takes the gov- take the view that if you disagree with some- ernment out of the Internet. Quick, apart from and Lura Sanborn thing, you not only do not have to listen to an waging war and collecting taxes, what is it that opposing view, but you can shout it down, hol- the government does well? The Post Office? $55 softcover (7 × 10) 2017 ler, throw things, break things, set fire to things, Congress? Infrastructure? Are you sure you ISBN 978-1-4766-6474-3 and harass in every way. Whenever I see that want government in charge of the Internet? To Ebook 978-1-4766-2718-2 sort of thing, I am reminded of Shakespeare: take only one example from thousands, back I think the lad[ies], and in this case, also the when the Clean Water Act of 1972 was creat- gentlemen, do protest too much. ed, that agency decided, on its own, to allow MCFARLAND IS PUBLISHING So, herewith, are points to ponder when certain things for what it thought was for the you think about net neutrality. Granted, these benefit of all. The Great Lakes suffered a near NEARLY 400 NEW BOOKS AND are only points to ponder about whether a demise as a result. My point is, government EBOOKS THIS YEAR. VISIT OUR highly regulated net neu- agencies are not really subject to anyone, often trality may well be a act imperiously, and more often than not, make WEBSITE FOR MORE INFORMATION. matters worse, not better. Bear in mind that current www.mcfarlandpub.com continued on page 56 streaming video should have equal opportunity benefits everyone, not just big providers, or Little Red Herrings on the Internet? Miss a second or two and the fat bureaucrats. from page 55 movie is a jumble; a second or two delay on Some net neutrality proponents have not done an email is a blessing. themselves or their arguments any favors. They rules force the Internet to function under Title Ditching the current rules is another safe- have subjected Ajit Pai and his family to the II of the 1934 Federal Communications Act. most monstrous behavior, picketing his house, Does that sound modern to you? Do you even guard against censorship. I’m sure I’m not telling you anything new, but governments his family, hounding him and his wife wherever remember what the Internet was like in 1934? they go, threatening murder, and terrifying his Oh, wait. have a bad track record when it comes to censorship. If the government controls the children. Even Slate, hardly a Trump fan, re- Ditching the current rules will not result Internet, it can also shut it down. Egypt, the ported on the Internet whackos’ ridiculous and in Armageddon. One of the more oft-cited Soviet Union, North Korea, Turkey — to name illegal behavior. This is not the way to have a complaints is that the Internet will slow down only a few — have all been untrustworthy discussion in America, and their behavior should to a crawl for some people. Ian Tuttle reported when it comes to censorship and the Internet. be enough to make even the most ardent fan of that when the FCC first tackled this “problem” Spreading out that control among many strikes net neutrality keep an open mind about it. in 2010, they could only mention four, FOUR me as a safer bet than leaving it in the hands of examples of anticompetitive behavior, and government alone. they were designated as minor. We fear fear, N.B. Below are a few representative links and that’s not a good way to make decisions. I could go on, but I won’t. It’s not that I to articles, both old and new, used in composing Net neutrality is a solution for which there is favor jettisoning all the rules. I am, however, this column: no problem. in favor of what Layton calls “a light regulatory https://arstechnica.com/tech- touch.” Since I have been alive, more regula- Ditching the current rules secures more policy/2014/06/we-dont-need-net- tions have always meant more taxes, more red privacy. Are you sure you want government, neutrality-we-need-competition/ tape, and more hoops through which to jump. especially this government, nosing into your https://www.forbes.com/sites/ This would be the first time in my lifetime Internet business? Well, it can and doubtless joshsteimle/2014/05/14/am- that regulations imposed by government on an will if the rules remain the same. At least i-the-only-techie-against-net- innovative entity caused it to thrive. changing the rules places our privacy, which we neutrality/#1732bf2d70d5 all know is unicorn-like anyway, in the hands Are there no good arguments for net neu- https://www.usnews.com/ of nongovernment entities. trality? Of course there are, but many of them opinion/economic-intelligence/ Ditching the current rules forces Brobding- seem to me to be fear of what might be, not articles/2017-11-27/the-fcc-is-right- nagian broadband gobblers to pay for that ser- what is. The UK, Paris, Seoul, Tokyo and other to-toss-out-net-neutrality-rules vice. Netflix, streaming videos, pornography, locales have much less Internet regulation, http://www.dailywire.com/ and others like them are all hogging the “lanes” higher levels of innovation, and cheaper costs. news/18613/7-reasons-net-neutrality- on the World Wide Web. Let’s make them pay Does that sound bad to you? idiotic-aaron-bandler# for it. And while we’re at it, if I want superfast, This isn’t an either-or. We can have less http://www.breitbart.com/big- super wide lanes, then I’ll pay for them, too. regulation and still have some light regulatory government/2014/11/10/7-reasons-net- Besides, do you really think that an email and a control. But it will be a kind of control that neutrality/

The Scholarly Publishing Scene — Annual PROSE Awards Science and Math Books Roundup Column Editor: Myer Kutz (President, Myer Kutz Associates, Inc.)

he cartons, sent from Association of In addition, four weighty multi-volume sets, a high intellectual level. They can also be American Publishers headquarters in each in its own carton, went into the garage (a rather spirited. Judges find them exhilarat- TWashington, DC, began appearing on few volumes at a time, of course). ing, and most eagerly return year after year. the stoop in front of the kitchen door (which My job as a PROSE judge is to evaluate After each discussion we’ll vote by a show is on the driveway side, near the front of the the titles in each pile and on a comparative of hands for the winner and any honorable house) in late October. They contained entries basis recommend to my fellow judges which mentions in that category. in the PROSE Awards competition — mostly books deserve consideration as winners The judging takes place in early January — academic scientific and mathematics books, and honorable mentions in their categories. in New York in past years, but because AAP many of which are of door-stop proportions. We’ll have to take into account electronic has closed the New York office in a cost-saving Under my lanky wife’s wary gaze, lest I suffer measure, this year it will be at AAP’s Wash- a sudden heart attack, I split open the cartons and subscription products, recommended ington headquarters. That actually gives me on the stoop and brought the books through for potential award by the innovations and the house and into my office a few at a time. journals committees of AAP’s Profession- enough time to evaluate 68 titles, given my There they now sit, in seven piles, five of them al and Scholarly Publishing Division, academic and professional engineering back- divided by discipline — environmental science with the participation of relevant PROSE ground, my years as an acquisitions editor and (nine titles); earth science (9); chemistry and judges. Any of the judges can ask that running sci-tech publishing at Wiley, and my physics (9); mathematics (6); astronomy and books not initially recommended for a prize having published over a score of monographs cosmology (6) — plus a pile by the judge responsible for a particular and engineering handbooks with Wiley, Mc- of eight textbooks and an- category be elevated into contention. Graw-Hill, and Elsevier. Indeed, I welcome other 17 of popular science Given the nature of the books the large number of titles spread over so many and math books. That’s a throughout the STEM and hu- categories. With this largesse, I can get a sense total of 64 titles, which is manities disciplines across of what hard-science commercial and not-for- typical during my many the PROSE competition, profit publishers, such as Elsevier, Marcel years as a PROSE judge. discussions are usually on continued on page 57

56 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 more narrowly focused, while being treated in This year, there seems to be a good mix of The Scholarly Publishing Scene the depth offered by hundreds of pages. There’s contributed titles and books with a single or from page 56 a book on the ecological future of Martha’s two or three authors. I do expect, as happens Vineyard, for example. Among the popular every year, to find authors who are famous Dekker, Wiley, Cambridge, Princeton, MIT, science titles, there is only one that offers a stars in their fields, either in academia or in the Oxford, etc. are up to. look into a future of world-wide environmental general culture or in both. For example, this So without letting you in on my recommen- ruin. Not that the subject, painted with a broad time around, Yuval Peres has co-authored two dations for winners and honorable mentions brush, has outlived its usefulness for informing academic math books that are in the competi- (they won’t be announced until the Awards specialist and general readers. Instead, it may be tion. He’s a well known principal researcher Luncheon at the PSP Annual Conference in that publishers have moved on from the notion at Microsoft’s Theory Group and a Berkeley early February), here are some impressions of that such books will win prizes. adjunct. Apparently, he’s not so tied down by the state of science and math book publishing Overall, the quality of the books I receive his day job and journal-article commitments, for not only professional and undergraduate remains as high as it has been for the past de- that he can’t find the time to write books. audiences, but also for the general reading cade-plus that I’ve been judging them. What Some years ago, I split popular science and public. But before I delve into the books on strikes me as different this year is that there don’t math books from academic titles, in order to my office and garage floors, let me say that seem to be any individual titles that I can latch level the playing field, so to speak. As usual, I could spend the rest of this column talking onto at first blush as being in the running for top the pile of popular titles is the tallest on my about how it’s a miracle that so many of them prizes in the PROSE competition. Of course, it office floor, despite the fact that books for get published in the first place. Consider the can happen that upon further review over the five general audiences are far slimmer than aca- dominance of journals in providing profits for or six weeks I spend with the books, those that demic titles. As in previous years, while some the academic/research publishing industry make a powerful first impression make way for unexpected topics are featured (as soon as my and the myriad distractions that keep even more outstanding titles. In any case, my favorite wife spotted a book on sleep, she grabbed it and the educated public from having any time to type of book is one that combines observations quickly devoured it), there’s a generous supply read books. It all seems so hopeless, until you made while working in the field with analysis of math titles. I guess there’s a stable market tell yourself that these books must fill needs, made in the office or laboratory. for these math books. What I don’t know is whether they involve business or pleasure. You For just about all the titles I see, quality, in whether it’s growing or if the same individuals can put the doom and gloom aside, I tell myself, terms of covers and paper stock, remains as have such affection for math books that they as I go through each of the book piles in search high as ever, even as some publisher use soft, buy whatever they come across in bookstores of whatever trends I can perceive. rather than hard, covers for hefty academic titles. or in advertisements. Speaking of doom and gloom, it seemed to Color isn’t used lavishly in most monographs, A market that may not be growing is the me on first pass through the book piles that this or in the even upper-level textbooks, that I see, need for multi-volume reference science works year there are fewer titles devoted to bleak gen- but I don’t get the impression that publishers shy in print. The four print sets that I received eral assessments of our planet’s environmental away from color when it’s necessary. One way this year constitute the lowest number ever. future. On the whole, topics that the books in or another, publishers deal with the extra cost Whether that’s a dip or a trend, I’ll have to the environmental science pile address seem for color when a book depends on it. wait and see.

Random Ramblings — Peer Reviewing of Articles from Third World Countries: My Personal Experience Column Editor: Bob Holley (Professor Emeritus, Wayne State University, 13303 Borgman Avenue, Huntington Woods, MI 48070-1005; Phone: 248-547-0306)

eer reviewing of articles from Third enough to support a higher education system a journal editor has World countries has posed challenges for that rewards scholarly publishing. I have pri- access to a broad Pme since I often encounter articles whose marily reviewed papers from Nigeria, the richer range of decisions, intellectual content is excellent but have flaws and more stable Middle Eastern countries, and analyzing the data that work against their acceptance because of India/Pakistan. Editors have sent me very poses the possibility of “outing” authors in a the obstacles that these authors face. I review few papers from China, which is surprising way that might discourage future submissions. library science publications for four journals. I given the sense that the Chinese government enjoy doing so and have received more articles is working very hard to increase the scholarly Major Problems than many because I say “yes” when editors ask reputation of its higher education system. My This section will be short. While many me. Editors have provided positive feedback. hypothesis is that these efforts have focused on factors make an article unacceptable for pub- They tell me that many authors find my com- the STEM disciplines with less attention paid lication, I have encountered only one that con- ments useful. In addition, I usually complete to areas like library science. sistently eliminates articles from Third World my reviews well before the deadline. I don’t I recognize that my impressions have ab- countries but is rarely found in Euro-centric/ have an exact count, but I would guess that I solutely no statistical validity because of the North American publications that I review. annually peer review about fifteen publications. very limited sample size and the fact that I’m Some Third World authors include recommen- I would estimate that more than half the lumping together a variety of countries and dations and observations in the conclusion that authors of these papers reside in Third World regions. As with many of my columns, my goal are not justified by the research in the main countries. I am using the term “Third World” is to pose questions, invite others to think about body of the article and appear to come out of as the best way to designate those countries the issue, and hope that someone can prove or thin air. My hunch is that these points are im- outside the Euro-centric/North American orbit disprove my “ramblings” with valid research. portant enough to the authors that they include since the term has less of a political connotation I would suggest, however, that research on them even when the research methodology or after the fall of the Soviet Empire. I am also peer reviewing is more difficult because the survey results do not provide the grounds to do not using it to designate poverty or underde- process is confidential in most cases so that so. These articles also usually exhibit some or velopment since many of the countries are rich any data would be difficult to obtain. Even if continued on page 58 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 57 formation is necessary for comprehension in an enough for a scholarly publication. Let me Random Ramblings international journal. The journal editor should add here that I have great sympathy for these from page 57 also provide any needed additional guidance. authors. I’m functionally bilingual in French, The Literature Review. The literature but I know that I would not be able to write all of the minor problems to be considered in review is a key part of the traditional scholarly a scholarly article in that language without the next section. article. Guidelines often ask the reviewer to making many small mistakes that would not evaluate if the author has left out any significant affect comprehension but would lead to a Minor Problems valid rejection. In this section, I’ll consider three problems publications. Meeting this guideline is virtually impossible for broad subjects such as open These language mistakes go beyond simple that make it hard to recommend for publication copy editing. I once judged an article of such what are otherwise worthwhile articles — prob- access, social media, information literacy, and many others where at best a highly selective importance to the literature for its insights lems that are closely related to the fact that the that I told the editor that I would be willing to author resides in a Third World country. summary is possible. From the articles that I’ve seen, the litera- “correct” the English. While the article was not Lack of context. I often have difficulty in ture review presents particular problems for the exceptionally long, I spent about ten hours on evaluating articles from Third World countries Third World author. In many of the papers, this this task. I found only one or two cases where because I don’t have the needed context about section is often short. Even worse, the articles I wasn’t reasonably sure that my edits weren’t libraries in their country as well as the broader are often dated. Most articles written in 2005 distorting the meaning. In part because of this culture. I realize that this statement reveals a on the topics named above have little relevance experience, I don’t believe that the journal edi- heavy dose of cultural arrogance because I don’t in 2017, but many Third World authors include tor should be responsible for such substantive expect the same information from American such citations in the articles that I’ve reviewed. changes though I often recommend that the publications and usually know enough about I’m quite certain that the issue is lack of ac- editor copy edit for minor problems. other Euro-centric areas to get by. Even here, cess to current research. The library sciences Another option is to hire an editing service. however, I have had some minor problems indexing and abstracting services, especially Based on the advertising emails that I’ve re- where, for example, British authors have diver- those with full text, are too expensive for the ceived, I initially thought that such services gent library vocabulary, different governance limited number of users in a relatively poor would be cost prohibitive. I was surprised, structures, and alternative traditions of library Third World university. however, to learn that some reasonably rated service. I justify this intolerance by telling my- services would edit a 3,000 word manuscript self that the publications that I peer review are I propose three increasingly radical solu- from a non-native English speaker within a intended for an American audience even when tions. First, the author could seek out open week for around $100. Some even offer to edit this is not completely true due to a significant access publications in institutional repositories a small sample at no charge. In many Third number of international subscriptions. or through Internet searching. Discovery is the World countries with a reasonably funded problem since finding relevant publications this Even more importantly, the value of the system of higher education, the institution way isn’t as easy as using the traditional tools. article often is linked to learning more about might be willing to pay for such editing. Per- As a reviewer, I know that including everything how the Third World country has adopted haps the journal editor would do the same for is impossible so that citing a reasonable number and adapted a library practice for different an especially impressive article. Finally, the of current publications no matter where they circumstances. For example, I am curious eventual economic benefit to the author might were found would impress me more than citing about how librarians and library users in be such to justify paying for the editing from and quoting from articles that are most likely Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and India use social personal funds if doing so would assure the no longer relevant. Second, the author could media in the library. Including a more detailed article’s acceptance. decide explicitly to concentrate on finding pa- discussion of the cultural milieu will also help pers of special relevance to the paper at hand. Concluding Thoughts librarians in other countries, including those I would expect authors to find papers about the in Euro-centric/North American world, learn I decided to write this column for several topic from their own country and would mark how to provide better library service if these reasons. First, I believe that the value of the the article down if I happened to know about librarians have to deal with similar issues. content of an article is the most important any omissions. Even better would be finding For example, an article about how librarians evaluation criterion. Many of the authors of papers relevant to the special issues for Third in Pakistan respect cultural norms about the the articles that I review provide important new World countries on the topic. In this case, older status of women in promoting the use of social knowledge that is not available elsewhere and papers might still be important. I don’t know if media would be useful not only in other Islamic would have been published if the authors had discussion lists exist for Third World librarians, countries like Egypt or Indonesia but also for not encountered the special problems from but they could be an important resource as could French librarians whose user communities living in a Third World country. Second, be networking with professional colleagues. As include a significant number of Muslims. readers in the Euro-centric/North American the international library association, perhaps world should have the opportunity to discover Another issue is that Third World articles IFLA might have some mechanisms to help the that their viewpoints, library issues, problems, are less likely to provide significant details author. Third, the author might omit the liter- and solutions are not universal and that they can about library size, academic programs, and ature review. The value of most Third World learn from the experiences of these authors. other important details. I know that Harvard papers is treating a subject from a national/local Third, this scholarship could prove useful to and Cambridge have important libraries that perspective that provides a fresh viewpoint for those who plan to work in, visit, or help Third support high-level research and teaching. My readers in the Euro-centric/North American World libraries and their librarians. Too often, personal knowledge does not extend to know- world. As a reader, I don’t care if the authors those in the Euro/North American centric world ing which Indian libraries occupy the same have global mastery of the subject but rather believe that exporting or, even worse, imposing niche in their country. that they have selected an important topic and their way of librarianship is the best solution In both cases where more context is im- an appropriate research methodology to arrive everywhere. portant, I don’t blame the author. In the same at useful discussion of the special issues and My recounting of my experiences with way that I don’t provide enough context for solutions arrived at in their country. peer reviewing a limited number of articles readers in the Third World because I’m not English Language. The quality of the from Third World librarians will obviously not as knowledgeable as I should be about what English is almost always a stumbling block resolve the challenges that these authors face. won’t be clear to these readers, these authors for non-native English speakers and even for This column may, however, encourage editors, may not know where their local conditions articles from countries where the local English reviewers, and readers to become more sym- are significantly different from elsewhere to does not conform completely to Euro-Centric/ pathetic to their scholarly efforts and perhaps the degree that their scholarship is difficult to North American rules. In most cases, the text look for solutions so that Third World research understand. I consider it part of my role as a is understandable but not acceptable for pub- in library issues becomes more available in the peer reviewer to point out where additional in- lication because “understandable” is not good Euro-centric/North American world.

58 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 And They Were There Reports of Meetings — NMLA 2017 and the 36th Annual Charleston Conference Column Editor: Sever Bordeianu (Head, Print Resources Section, University Libraries, MSC05 3020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001; Phone: 505-277-2645; Fax: 505-277-9813)

New Mexico Library Association Annual Meeting — Lights, Comerford from the University of New Mexico brought an Oculus Camera, Action: Moving from Plan to Reality — Rift to the Digital Collections SIG and showed how members could November 1-3, 2017 — Albuquerque, NM use the system. Amongst a chorus of “oohs!” and “ahhhs!” members in the group suggested that a VR system like Google Earth VR might Reported by: Mary Wise (University of New Mexico, dramatically change the form of reference collections. While Kevin’s Digital Humanities Librarian) avatar flew over the peaks of the Sandia mountains, one member of the Digital Collections SIG remarked, “This is like a virtual atlas!” Gloria Steinem remarked in her 2015 book that hope is a form of Peggy Cadigan, the keynote speaker, kicked off the conference by planning.1 Many information professionals find themselves hoping that encouraging NMLA participants to rethink what it means to be innova- they had better outreach programming, enhanced technologies, or robust tive and by describing her current outreach efforts as the Deputy State archival programs but are unsure how to move from hoping to planning Librarian for Innovation & Strategic Partnerships at the New Jersey and from planning to implementation. Sessions at the 2017 Annual State Library. Cadigan began her talk by making some comparisons New Mexico Library Association provided advice, workshops, and between the two “New” states, New Jersey and New Mexico. The demonstrations about how to move from idea to reality. The sessions former has a fairly small territory and a large population, while the were particularly strong at this conference because presenters provided latter a large territory and a relatively small population. New Jersey honest and effective advice about their own programming or their own has a very high population density, 1,218 persons per square mile, while experience. New Mexico has 17. This certainly makes the challenges that the two states encounter in providing library service different. While there are The 2017 Annual New Mexico Library Association Conference other areas in which the two states differ, one thing, limited funding is a was held in Albuquerque, New Mexico at the Marriott Pyramid Hotel, common element. Cadigan addressed a variety of very interesting ways November 1-3, 2017. The three-day conference gathered information that libraries can solve problems in innovative and creative ways. Some professionals and cultural heritage workers from around the state of New require money, like providing a restaurant or a kitchen in the library Mexico and beyond. The conference officially began on Wednesday, itself. Others require little funding, like re-purposing space. Cadigan November 1 with pre-conference workshops; these preconference work- described a very interesting program that the libraries in New Jersey shops cost an additional $25.00. Sessions continued from Wednesday have implemented, which can solve problems with few resources. The at 9:00 a.m. through Friday at 3:00 p.m. Sessions were fifty minutes library creates SWAT teams of individuals with special talents who go long and the eight hour day was broken up into five panels. to problem areas and re-envision the space to make it more welcoming Pre-conference workshops reinforced that cultural heritage insti- and efficient. The before and after pictures were amazing, and they tutions and libraries cannot isolate themselves in siloes but instead show the power of the outsiders’ ability to look at a problem and present need to meet their patrons and users where they currently virtually or an elegant solution. really gather. Wednesday sessions provided attendees with models for The mid-morning and early afternoon sessions on the first day of developing early literacy programming, increasing your institution’s the NMLA Conference were particularly strong. While Jennifer broadband access, and reaching elderly patrons among other sessions. Brown and Cindy Tah from the Gallup NM Municipal Schools Anna Daggett and Arminda Sandoval from Western New Mexico reviewed strategies to engage at-risk youth based on their experience University Library reviewed strategies libraries can use to meet with low-income and vulnerable students, Regina Bouley Sweeten patrons online. While many of the sessions at NMLA encouraged from Eastern New Mexico University provided an incredibly detailed library and information science professionals to share their collections and useful session on how to develop and maintain a digitization plan online, sessions on Wednesday reminded attendees that they need to be for university archives. The mid-morning sessions on the first day of responsible when they share their collections online. Susan Beck of the NMLA Conference reiterated that it is important for library and New Mexico State University and Norice Lee of Burrell College of information science professionals to remain engaged and to think about Osteopathic Medicine, provided workshop attendees with library-spe- users when they design and implement specific projects. Kathy Bayer cific scenarios and reviewed the tenets of copyright law in their session from the U.S. Government Publishing Office gave a fascinating tour titled, “Caught in the Spotlight: Copyright Challenges & Trends in 21st of GPO publications, which range from children’s books, to the “Pop- Century Libraries.” corn Handbook” and to the regular government publications we are all One of the highlights of the pre-conference session was the poster familiar with. The free flow of information is vital for a democratic session and welcome reception located in the exhibition hall. Thomas society, and GPO is making great efforts to provide this information. Shumaker from the New Mexico Commission of Public Records Bayer highlighted some of the rich resources provided by GPO such as brought a dynamic poster that reviewed recent projects funded from the USA.gov, which she stated is the first place to start answering a reference New Mexico Historical Records Advisory Board grant program. Many question. Indeed one cannot only findErnest Hemingway’s FBI file, NMLA attendees stopped by this poster and learned more about the but also literary analysis of his short stories. exciting grant program that offers a maximum of $8,500 for digitization While most of the sessions from the pre-conference and the first half and preservation programs. At the Exhibition Hall, NMLA attendees of day one of the NMLA Conference focused on users and patrons, could meet with vendors from all over the state, book publishers, and sessions during the early afternoon of day one focused on the emotional large book retailers among others. Typical of library conferences, there impact of developing and launching these programs from within the were many opportunities to gather free supplies and conference swag! library. Heidi Greathouse from Eastern New Mexico University The Digital Initiatives and Scholarly Communication Department from focused on career advancement and professional development. Dr. the University of New Mexico staffed their booth beginning on Wednes- Michele A. L. Villagran from the University of North Texas reviewed day evening and they eagerly discussed their current digital initiatives. how bias can influence corporate culture and provided session attendees The NMLA Annual Conference began on Thursday, November 2. with strategies to combat unconscious bias and improve intercultural The day began incredibly early with special interest group meetings communication. We all have biases. Recognizing them and taking steps beginning at 7:45 a.m. At the Digital Collections Special Interest to remedy them is our responsibility. By reducing or eliminating bias Group (SIG), members shared updates from their institutions. Kevin continued on page 60

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 59 edly dropped off a group of students in the library. They ranged from And They Were There answering questions about specific books based on the information on from page 59 the cover (judge a book by its cover) to presenting banned books, tied up with a rope, and telling students that they are not allowed to check we improve our workplace and our institutions by retaining top talent, them out until the following Monday. Dean was also this recipient of building a diverse workforce, attracting and serving diverse customers, NMLA’s Honorary Life Member Award. and building a diverse leadership culture. Late afternoon sessions at NMLA on Friday focused on the imple- The late afternoon session on day one of the conference questioned mentation phase of strategic planning. Eric Beck from the University stereotypical versions of the library. Kevin Comerford, Mary Wise, of Colorado, Boulder, Law Library provided strategies for cultural and Amy Winter from the University of New Mexico asked session heritage institutions and libraries looking to create digital projects with attendees what emergent technologies like virtual reality make possible limited funding. Sara M. Allison from the New Mexico State Univer- for their institutions and demonstrated how to use basic, intermediate, sity reviewed the vital role that student workers play in libraries and and advanced VR systems. Laura Metzler and Florence Sablan from archives and encouraged faculty and staff who employ student workers to the Public Library of Albuquerque and Bernalillo County, challenged think through the value these students contribute to our institutions. Pat the idea that all library patrons must be literate and verbal by providing Hodapp from the Santa Fe Public Library reviewed how results-based library and information science professionals with strategies to reach accountability can strengthen statistics-based assessments. A team from patrons on the autism spectrum. Lea Briggs and Leah Boetger from the Albuquerque-Bernalillo County Public Library system also presented University of New Mexico (UNM) drew on their extensive experience a fantastic session on weeding and its necessities. in designing and implementing a strategic plan. Unlike traditional top- The exhibits area was also a busy place. Forty organizations includ- down strategic plans, they described UNM’s innovative strategic planning ing Amigos Library Services, EBSCO, Barnes and Noble, Overdrive, initiative “from the ground up.” Extensive staff engagement at all levels Brainfuse, Scholastic Book Fairs, Gale, Ingram, Brodart, Recorded created a meaningful strategic plan with extensive buy-in from staff. Books, and many more displayed their products and services and spon- The second day of the conference started with more early morning sored the coffee breaks and Thursday lunch. special interest group meetings and discussions at these various special The New Mexico Library Association 2017 Annual Conference interest groups reflected the dynamic role that libraries serve in their focused on strategic planning, preliminary implementation, and suc- communities in New Mexico. For example, the Local and Regional cessful assessment. Sessions at this conference reviewed successes History Special Interest Group sponsored two incredibly interesting and failures, provided advice and warnings based on experience, and sessions during the conference. The morning and midmorning sessions inspired libraries and cultural heritage institutions to rethink their roles on day two of the conference encouraged reflection on the complexities in their community. Like any state Library Association meeting, it of strategic planning and implementation. Any library professional who provided librarians from throughout the state the opportunity to meet, has ever overseen an innovative project has experienced some stress. discuss common programs and find common solutions, and to network. Leah Boetger and Anne Schultz from the University of New Mexico There was at least one occurrence where a new library school graduate provided session attendees with five strategies to improve emotional met not one but two potential future employers during the vendor-pro- intelligence. Moving along the implementation process, sessions during vided lunch session. Perfect weather, a first-rate conference venue at the midmorning focused on marketing and evaluation of innovative Albuquerque’s Marriott Pyramid, with incredible views of the Sandia programming. Kathleen Dull from the Rio Rancho Public Library mountains, added to the very positive experience of this conference. encouraged library and information science professionals to develop a marketing plan. Dull’s sessions focused on accomplishing marketing plans with limited financial resources. Jackie Dean a recently (Sep- Endnotes tember 30, 2017) retired elementary school librarian from Las Cruces, 1. Gloria Steinem, My Life on the Road. (Random House Publishing: NM, gave a lively and entertaining session describing 10 activities that New York, 2015), xxii. she always had at the ready for those occasions when teachers unexpect-

Issues in Book and Serial Acquisition, “Roll With the Times or the Times Roll Over You,” Charleston Gaillard Center, Francis Marion Hotel, Embassy Suites Historic Downtown, and Courtyard Marriott Historic District — Charleston, SC, November 1-5, 2016 Charleston Conference Reports compiled by: Ramune K. Kubilius (Northwestern University, Galter Health Sciences Library)

Column Editor’s Note: Thank you to all of the Charleston Con- v.29#2, April 2017, v.29#3, June 2017, v.29#4, September 2017, ference attendees who agreed to write short reports that highlight and v.29#5, November 2017. Watch for reports from the 2017 sessions they attended at the 2016 Charleston Conference. All at- Charleston Conference to begin publishing in the February 2018 tempts were made to provide a broad coverage of sessions, and notes issue of ATG. — RKK are included in the reports to reflect known changes in the session titles or presenters, highlighting those that were not printed in the conference’s final program (though some may have been reflected in SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 2016 the online program). Please visit the Conference Website at www. PLENARY SESSION charlestonlibraryconference.com, and the online conference schedule at https://2016charlestonconference.sched.org/ from which there Long Arm of the Law — Presented by Ann Okerson are links to many presentations’ PowerPoint slides and handouts, as (Moderator, Center for Research Libraries); William M. Hannay well as links to video for select sessions. The conference blog by Don (Schiff, Hardin, LLP); Mark Seeley (Elsevier) Hawkins is available at http://www.against-the-grain.com/category/ chsconfblog/. The 2016 Charleston Conference Proceedings will Reported by: Ann Okerson (Senior Advisor to CRL, Center for be published in partnership with Purdue University Press in 2017. Research Libraries) In this issue of ATG you will find the final installment of 2016 conference reports including some remaining Thursday and Friday This year’s seventh annual Long Arm of the Law plenary, organized reports* which were left out due to an inadvertent error. The first by Okerson, brought forward two complementary legal perspectives. five installments can be found in ATG v.29#1, February 2017, continued on page 61 60 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 seminate content openly but do not budget the resources for multiple And They Were There forms of format conversion. from page 60 Georgia State, the case that keeps on giving. This case too is still open, with Georgia State largely prevailing in its practice of making Seeley is General Counsel of Elsevier, a publisher under the um- copyrighted material available via fair use as “e-reserves” for its courses. brella of the corporation formerly known as Reed Elsevier and now The case has bounced up and down between the trial court and the 11th branded RELX (pronounced “relics”). His brief was to describe the federal circuit, with a provisional outcome strongly in favor of fair use way a publisher’s lawyer thinks and works. Seeley emphasized that and library practices, but much discomfort in the publishing and legal Elsevier is in flux, still publishing journals, still publishing books, but sectors still unresolved. A similar case has risen to the courts in India, “increasingly our business is focusing on analytics and services.” The where Delhi University was sued for large scale preparation of printed company recognizes that the world is awash in content and that con- coursepacks from scanned and photocopied material without any rights tent leaks out everywhere, but that there is sustained value in helping payments, and a judge found entirely in the University’s favor. That people figure out what to make of the content they use. He reminded case too is still entrammeled in the litigation process. the audience that Elsevier has a significant interest not only in medical publishing but also medical practice — and works as enthusiastically With the luminous clarity for which Hannay is justly famous among with practitioners as with researchers. Charleston-goers, he concluded his remarks with a rap song (it is not With 19 lawyers and 30 support staff, Seeley is responsible for a true that Katina Strauch was heard muttering, “now I really have seen process that generates 400,000 journal article agreements per year and everything”) that went like this: grants 100,000 permissions to use published material. The group also With thanks and/or apologies to T-Pain keeps an eye on longer-term issues, strategically framing their approach Here’s a little story that I got to tell as asking of new initiatives and possibilities, “When can we say yes?” About three public-shers that done went through hell. In practical terms, issues now include a welter of compliance concerns They started off a-suin’ ol’ Georgia State, (a new UK anti-bribery law drove a complex round of due diligence), Hoping they could win before a magistrate. a continued focus on copyright and public policy (“We want to design They said the college has been actin’ criminally our policies on re-use and scholarly sharing to support scholar-authors By makin’ packets that are lookin’ too sim-larly. as much as possible”), the work of managing content (even OA material Instead of buyin’ books or payin’ for our rights, involves copyright issues), and other legislative challenges (a Text and They’re rippin’ off the bread from our boys who write. Data Mining “right” in proposed EU legislation. The school says, hey y’all, we just bein’ fair, He outlined “a week in the life” with a dozen distracting foci, from Usin’ up some words, a chapter here and there. consultations on copyright enforcement with the STM trade association The judge says, yeah, I dig from where you came and other publishers to discussions of technical capabilities for detecting ‘Cuz you are in the non-profit education game. content on non-publisher sites (which he described as a “shared problem You didn’t use too much of what those authors say with universities related to Sci-Hub”) to compliance, contract, and tax And them publishers aren’t losin’ too much anyway. issues, to the sticky business of publication ethics (in one week, review- So put it on reserve on a harddrive or a floppy; ing six proposed retraction notices with journal editors). You are good to go to take their books and copy. In the Q&A, he was asked when and how the publisher’s staff are [Hook x2] encouraged to “talk to Legal” — Seeley smiled and said that “legal” Woah! Hooo! You copying me? is sometimes genuinely legal but almost as often the legal department You-you-you-you copying me? is the corporate memory and is there to be consulted on questions of Woah! Hooo! You copying me? strategy and policy, more than strictly legal matters. To a question You-you-you-you copying me? of how Elsevier thinks about Sci-Hub, he emphasized an interest in putting pressure on Sci-Hub and especially also LibGen (for books), asking where and how legal representation on the subject might be SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 2016 most effective, suggesting that neither Russia nor Kazakhstan seemed NEAPOLITAN SESSIONS likely to be productive venues. He chose to emphasize collective work on accessibility and security, suggesting that it is time to get past the 90s-vintage security device of heavy reliance on IP addresses. A Gold Open Access World Viable for Research Universities? Hannay, who practices antitrust law with the firm ofSchiff Hardin — Presented by Charles Watkinson (Moderator, University of in Chicago and teaches at law schools there, followed with his eagerly Michigan Library); Carol Tenopir (University of Tennessee, awaited annual update on legal cases of important interest to libraries: Knoxville); Greg Tananbaum (ScholarNext Consulting); Ivy The right to be forgotten. This issue arose in the EU with a 2014 Anderson (California Digital Library) case of a plaintiff in Spain seeking and winning the right to have Google de-link to reports of the plaintiff’s earlier financial difficulties. The court Reported by: Ramune K. Kubilius (Northwestern University, found for the plaintiff (whose previous difficulties can still be found in Galter Health Sciences Library) some detail on various websites reached through a simple search), and Google has since handled more than half a million requests and complied Tananbaum pointed out that Gold OA (in Europe) vs Green OA (in the with approximately 43% of them. A new EU regulation is coming in U.S.) presents a global disconnect with cross-purposes, providing double 2018, but it is anticipated not to change the situation materially. Night dipping opportunities for publishers. Anderson provided rather startling and day, the issue is not one with legs in the United States. “back of the envelope” estimates of what her library system would have to ADA and MOOCS. “No good deed goes unpublished,” Hannay spend to make Gold OA happen. Tenopir shared the human side of OA, said, in describing the catch-22 that UC Berkeley faces. Seeking to what surveys of faculty, graduate students, and post-docs have shown, with make its educational content more widely and freely available, UCB varying responses and a vast majority in the middle who don’t know much has disseminated substantial course content on the web, including audio or don’t care. Respondents ranked highest: quality (journal reputation) to and video material available via YouTube and iTunes. The Department lowest: OA, with expressed feelings that OA will limit an author’s ability of Justice has informed them that, though they have made a large quan- to publish. In the case of APCs, as most of Tenopir’s studies of other tity of material vastly more accessible than ever, they have not made it spheres often show, there is a difference across disciplines. The question accessible enough because the plain audio and video files do not meet and answer period was lively. Anderson indicated that libraries should ADA requirements for accessibility by individuals with aural and visual target subscriptions where researchers actually publish, Tenopir shared handicaps. They suggest that UCB will have to modify its offerings that those with access to grant funds were more open to OA (the sciences, and pay compensatory damages to aggrieved individuals. The case is medicine), while graduate students like to think about quality, but publish open and unresolved, but has obvious implications for many academic where their faculty indicate they should. information providers (e.g., institutional repositories) that seek to discontinued on page 62 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 61 their article published in Serials Review 42(4): 293-305, 2016). The next And They Were There two reports came out of the HathiTrust Research Center. Green and from page 61 Courtney reported that researchers need capabilities of re-use, metadata, and different units of (textual) analysis. McDonald described work sets for replication to build on, extracted work set downloads. Macklin and Update on Industry Trends and Issues — Presented by Anthony Kowalski described the changing business model and the high value Watkinson (Moderator, CIBER Research); Rick Anderson placed on long form scholarship (books). The four page central model (University of Utah); Maria Bonn (University of Illinois at publishing contract, a collaborative endeavor, still going through draft Urbana-Champaign); Gary Price (infoDOCKET) version review, received funding from the Mellon Foundation, Emo- ry University, and University of Michigan. It focuses on university Reported by: Christine Turner (UMass Amherst) presses, has utility for digital scholarship centers. Rolla described the “one off” pdf acquisition as provision of a specialized support for core fields or areas of excellence, such as those at his institution. Audience questions queried whether CPCR might be a possible way to assess Watkinson moderated a panel at which Price presented new text collections, as well as what is not owned, and questioned whether the and multi-media resource, web archive, camera/image recognition and model publishing contract can take into account worldwide distribution privacy protection tools. His list of resources is available at (http://bit. (presenters indicated that it does). See the conference blog report by ly/abpINchs). Anderson and Bonn responded with their thoughts on Don Hawkins for more details and screen shots. the potential applications and usefulness of the tools. They had differing opinions on the roles of text tools such as BASE and OA DOI in library services. Multi-media search tools Audioser.ch, Pop-Up Archive and SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 2016 C-SPAN Library received praise from both for their utility, while Bonn CLOSING SESSION cautioned about the importance of verifying the credibility and reliability and checking the terms of use of these sources. Camera and image recognition tools have the mixed blessing of ease of use and easy exposure Closing Session and Conference Poll-a-Palooza: Part 3 — of personal identity. This led to the final topic of discussion: tools to Presented by Erin Gallagher (Rollins College); protect privacy. Bonn spoke to the benefits of building recommender David Warlock (Outsell, Inc.) services while cautioning about protecting patron data. Anderson noted that libraries should not make privacy decisions for patrons, and NOTE: David Worlock was unable to attend the session and both noted the importance of informing library users of how their data Jason Price (SCELC) stepped in. is collected, protected and used, if it is. Reported by: Ramune K. Kubilius (Northwestern University, Galter Health Sciences Library) SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 2016 INNOVATION SESSION What better way to conclude a conference? The 2016 conference no longer featured a Saturday late afternoon “Rump Session.” So, Galla- Innovation Lightning Round 1: Collection Development: gher, from on stage, served as a “ringleader” for what was the true final Analysis and Assessment, Digital Scholarship, and Scholarly conference event, what she called “Return of the Palooza.” The lunchtime Communication — Presented by Bobby Hollandsworth session featured food, lively audience participation, and plenty of humor (Moderator, Clemson University Libraries); Robert H. from ringleader and audience alike. Price, a gracious last minute stand-in McDonald (Indiana University); Harriet Green (University of for Warlock, roved among the Gold Ballroom tables with mike in hand, Illinois); Angela Courtney (Indiana University); Megan Kilb providing input, until he had to depart for the airport. Using the Poll Ev- (UNC-Chapel Hill); Lisa Macklin (Emory University); Tessa erywhere software, audience members shared from where they came (the Minchew (North Carolina State University Libraries); Melanie furthest — Uganda and Australia), whether they were first timers (52.7% Kowalski (Emory University Libraries); Peter Rolla (UC San at this session!), what they felt was the hottest buzzword at the 2016 con- Diego Library); Virginia Martin (Duke University Libraries) ference (piracy, linked data, SciHub). They answered questions — about their libraries’ support for OA, as well as opinions for questions such as Presentations: whether libraries should make long-term preservation a priority, whether • Time to Take New Measures: Developing a Cost-Per-Cit- discovery should be left to Google, and the current stage of IR’s. What ed-Reference Metric for the Assessment of E-Journal Collec- will be the hottest topics for 2017? Audience members predicted: OA, tions (Martin, Kilb, Minchew) “beyond the container,” extinction / survival, and also: cat café as well as • Scholarly Needs for Text Analysis Resources: A User As- therapy dogs…Ideas for 2017 Charleston Conference themes? “Grab sessment Study for the HathiTrust Research Center (Green, your data and go,” “Open access, open minds,” “Beautiful data,” “Human Courtney) vs machine.” Don Hawkins’ conference blog report provides more details about audience responses to various questions posed by Gallagher. • Research Center as Distant Publisher: Publishing Non-Con- sumptive Compliant Open Data Worksets to Support New Modes of Inquiry (McDonald) *THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 2016 • Let the good times roll: A new model publishing contract for AFTERNOON CONCURRENT SESSIONS long-form digital scholarship (Macklin, Kowalski) • Acquiring Born-Digital Items: Single PDFs (Rolla) Achieving the Holy Grail of Electronic Resource Management Reported by: Ramune Kubilius (Northwestern University, with Automated Holdings Feeds — Presented by Antje Mays Galter Health Sciences Library) (Winthrop University); Jozef Paulik (Elsevier); Jody Stroh (OCLC) A newly re-packaged conference Saturday morning provided opportunities to hear in one room, in a fast, lightning round pace, about inno- Reported by: Jharina Pascual (University of California, Irvine) vative projects and research findings from a number of speakers. In this collection development thread, Martin et al’s study argued that CPCR (Cost-Per-Cited-Reference) can complement the traditional CPU (Cost This session focused on the use of automatic holdings feeds via Per Use) metric studies of journal subscriptions and indeed may have OCLC at Winthrop, thereby eliminating the time-consuming process saved a title for a few more years. (More information can be found in continued on page 63 62 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 takes extra time. Sometimes the data patrons want doesn’t exist or is And They Were There not available for purchase. Vendors may not be used to working with from page 62 libraries. Annoying things may happen. However, there are advantages for libraries. The program can address requests of researchers (though of acquiring and maintaining vendor-produced MARC records as well as they don’t always understand restrictions). It can provide a central lo- holdings loads from another knowledge base. An institution can contact cation to prevent “rogue” licenses, can pull together disparate requests OCLC to set up the service according to their specific collections that for the same data, and can save money overall. need population and updating. This process not only saves the institution time in implementation and maintenance, it also increases the accuracy of the catalog and therefore enhances discovery. The Librarian’s Survival Guide to the “Big Deal”: Tools for Paulik presented the vendor side of this process, detailing the current Unbundling — Presented by Doug Lynch (EBSCO Information and future plans for the improvement of Science Direct’s APIs, auto- Services); Samuel Cassady (Western University); Alie Visser mation, and metadata availability and consistency. They are planning a (Western University); Leanne Olson (Western University) second phase in implementing the KBART standard, which would try to account for differences in package descriptions and collections among NOTE: Alie Visser did not present in this session. vendors. Elsevier is also looking to improve reporting of holdings for account holders, as well as providing different serializations of the data. Reported by: Christine Turner (UMass Amherst) Beyond standards, they are also looking to improve APIs that interface directly with library systems, which would give libraries greater control over their collection information. A devalued Canadian dollar and a high percentage of journal subscriptions paid in U.S. Dollars, forced Western University (London, Ontario) Assessing the Books We Didn’t Buy (the sequel) — Presented to cut their journal subscription costs. Despite high value and low cost/ by Rice Majors (Santa Clara University); Erika Johnson use of journal packages, their only option was to cancel some packages in (University of San Francisco); Glenn Johnson-Grau favor of individual journal subscriptions. Cassady and Olson provided (Loyola Marymount University) a comprehensive and detailed account of the methodology, criteria and tools applied to determine which packages to cancel and which titles to Reported by: Jharina Pascual (University of California, Irvine) buy back. In addition to use, they also compiled overlap, faculty feedback and citation data, then applied a weighted formula to rank journals. Lynch covered the title list and pricing analysis data Ebsco contributed to the project. While necessary, the process was labor intensive and the This session presented a multi-year assessment of print monograph results were not optimal for users, publishers or consortia participants. collections via ordering and borrowing statistics at three small private universities that are part of the 65-member LINK+ consortium. Within a select call number range, they examined the circulation statistics of Project Management Office to the Rescue: Aligning Workforce titles purchased over the last five years alongside LINK+ statistics to and Resources with Library Vision and Delivering Results — compare the level of successfully-met demands versus the unmet demand Presented by John Wang (University of Notre Dame); represented by ILL borrowing. In the first year’s analysis, theUniver - Anastasia (Nastia) Guimaraes (University of Notre Dame) sity of San Francisco’s collection seemed to perform better in meeting the actual demand of its students. Santa Clara, however, wanted to Reported by: Nicole A. Casner (UCLA) improve their statistics; this focused study assisted in identifying gaps to address. If there was a higher amount of ILL borrowing in certain subject ranges, they considered buying more titles even if local circulation of titles in these subject ranges were good. If the local collection Wang found an increasing amount of his department’s goals would did not have good circulation but there was still a lot of borrowing, require dedicated project management skills and time in order to be they considered buying differently. In response to its relatively lower achieved. However, job descriptions and daily work requirements rate of met demand continuing into the second year, Santa Clara has did not specifically outline the responsibilities or support the work in considered investing more into collection development of books versus practice. In order to properly align resources and more easily balance databases and journals. daily work and project tasks, the Project Management Office (PMO) was created. Guimaraes, a current member of the team, provided details The continuation of the study will focus on analysis of other call about how team members were chosen, the way in which they gather, number ranges not only to gain a deeper understanding of the collec- track, and communicate information about ongoing, completed, or tion’s strengths and weaknesses, but to encourage methods of increasing postponed projects. The PMO created a charter, devised infrastructure use and lending (such as purchasing unique items at the local level). and collaboration guidelines, defined “project” within their particular Overall, the institutions are looking to see modest decreases in LINK+ organizational context, and ensured proper approval channels. At the as they are using this study to better calibrate their purchasing strategies. outset of each proposed project, PMO team members work with a requestor to fully understand the work needed and specific deadlines. Best practices for Building Data Collections — Presented by Once a project is accepted and approved, tracking and identified tasks Sara Bahnmaier (University of Michigan); Mara Blake (Uni- are divided between Project Managers, Product Owners, and Unit Man- agers and other colleagues until successful completion is achieved and versity of Michigan); Catherine Morse (University of Michigan) reported out to stakeholders. The presenters stressed the importance of true collaboration not only between the PMO team members but with Reported by: Ramune K. Kubilius (Northwestern University, each colleague involved in a project. Galter Health Sciences Library)

The panel provided a case study of a University of Michigan library Technological, Organizational, and Cultural Transformation of “one time purchase” data grant program, now entering its second year, Technical Services and Collection Development — Presented by modeled after a similar program at University of Illinois. Acquiring data Janetta Waterhouse (West Virginia University) may not be easy for a variety of reasons: turnaround may drag on, there can be hosting issues, the requested data may not be pre-packaged. There Reported by: Crystal Hampson (University of Saskatchewan) are access issues, storage issues, size limitations, as well as questions about preservation, responsibility, and payment. The speakers contended that a program of acquiring data is worth it, but there are challenges. It continued on page 64 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 63 And They Were There *FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 4, 2016 from page 63 MORNING CONCURRENT SESSION West Virginia University Library hired a new Dean in 2014 and a consultant’s report on technical services later that year led to the creation Rolling in the Deep: Negotiating to Have it All — Presented of the Director of Knowledge Access and Resource Management position. by Kristina Alayan (Georgetown University); Jennifer Waterhouse was hired and arrived to find staff ready and eager for change. Carroll (University of New Hampshire); Aaron A move from Voyager, Summon, Serials Solutions and various other systems Lupton (York University); Ronda Rowe (University to WMS led to very streamlined processes for managing holdings. The of Texas at Austin) technical services department was centralized and restructured into four units: e-resources, data analysis, ordering and receiving, and metadata, Reported by: Jharina Pascual (University of California, the latter mostly working on projects. Staff changes were based on the individual’s personal strengths. Staff had input into which unit they went to Irvine) and were energized by the new structure. Culture shifted to empowerment with accountability. Workflows are flexible to adapt over time. Performance This session was a distillation of the webinar “Negotiation management was added. A standing Electronic Resources Committee Skills for Librarians.” An important first step to a successful was replaced with a Collection Advisory Committee, whose membership negotiating strategy is addressing the mindset that implies that rotates. In transformational change, the exact destination is unknown. A negotiations are a de facto negative position to be in and that li- loss of expertise occurs. It’s important, therefore, to create short-term wins brarians have little or no leverage or skill set to address the issues and focus on training and communication. Being very focused on getting involved. After taking this step, librarians need to be proactive in things done can interfere with developing good relationships with staff. profiling the party with whom they would be negotiating. They Empowerment should not occur before people have the skills. also need to be cognizant of the content under discussion and the options involved, and what the library is willing or unwilling to give up. Key to this process is the understanding that vendors Why We Blog — Presented by Pat Sabosik (ACI Information are equally invested in a successful outcome. Group); Chris Erdmann (North Carolina State University); Thom- After this, librarians should work together to assemble the as Nadelhoffer (College of Charleston); four cornerstones of negotiation: creating a team, identifying W. William Woolsey (The Citadel) goals, setting a time frame, and then holding a meeting before the actual negotiation meeting. In assembling team members, Reported by: Karna Younger (University of Kansas) a convener should include a wide variety of skill sets and then practice the roles that each member should play. The goals should be specific, measurable, acceptable, realistic, and time-bound Wanting to explore blogging in academia, Sabosik assembled a panel of (or SMART); they should also take into account the vendor’s two teaching faculty members, associate professors Nadelhoffer and Woolsey priorities and identify alternatives to the library’s ideal result. and a librarian, Erdmann (formerly at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center Setting a time frame also benefits the negotiation, as it can force for Astrophysics). Nedelhoffer and Woolsey shared their motivations for a decision upon the parties involved and prevents the process blogging and the challenges they have faced. Both started blogging for from delving into non-relevant areas. Finally, it is important for intellectual reasons. Nadelhoffer, who manages two and writes one blogs, the negotiating team to practice with all of these factors in place established a blogging community for experimental philosophers wanting to before the actual meeting. adapt cognitive psychology theories. Woolsey captured a wider audience to voice his criticisms of Federal Reserve policies during the Great Recession. Both faculty asserted more faculty members would write and cite blogs if Well this completes the reports we received from the 2016 it were given greater recognition in the tenure process. Speaking from his Charleston Conference. Again we’d like to send a big thank Harvard experience, Erdmann positioned that having blogs indexed in you to all of the attendees who agreed to write short reports the ACI Scholarly Blog database helped Astro- that highlight sessions they attended. Pre- physicists gain greater recognition within the sentation material (PowerPoint slides, academy for their blogging. As a librarian, handouts) and taped session links from Erdmann also found ACI’s archiving and many of the 2016 sessions are available preservation practices helped libraries better online. Visit the Conference Website preserve these works. at www.charlestonlibraryconference. (See also Pat Sabosik’s column on this com. — KS topic in ATG v.29#4, September 2017.)

the ACI Scholary Blog Index received many positions! And I am sure there are more in Rumors positive reviews and industry awards, there the works! from page 49 was just not enough interest in subscribing to Long time ago, Irv Rockwood, one-time sustain their publishing efforts. I was very sad editor of Choice agreed that Choice should Moving to another shout out! This one to hear this because this was a ground-breaking have a column about books that libraries need- is for Lars Meyer who is the Senior Director resource that organized much of the chaos that ed to keep in their collections and Collecting to of Content at Emory’s Robert W. Woodruff we see on the web. Larry Schwartz and Pat the Core was born with the indefatigable col- Library. Lars will be working with Beth and Sabosik deserve our admiration and thanks! umn editor Anne Doherty, (this issue, p,45). Leah and the Purdue team on the Conference We have an interview coming soon with Proceedings. (and there may be more in the Did I remember to tell y’all that John Riley Pat Sabosik, the managing editor of he ACI pipeline). Welcome and thanks, Lars! was running for Mayor of Northampton, Mass? Scholarly Blog Index. I have to tell y’all that Sadly he lost but he plans to run again when I understand that the ACI Scholarly Blog Pat is my idol and role model! I remember there is an opportunity. You go, John! And Index will cease publication and all subscrip- when I was on the Choice Editorial Board. don’t you love his Wryly Noted, Books About tions terminated by June 30th, 2018 and no Pat was the editor of Choice back then. Books! (this issue p.44). new subscriptions are being accepted. While She has gone on to many other executive continued on page 68 64 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Biz of Acq — Evidence-based Collection Development on a Large Scale: A Use Factor Allocation Formula by Cindy Shirkey (Associate Professor, Head of Collection Development, 1207 Joyner Library, Mailstop #516, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858; Phone: 252-737-2724; Fax: 252-328-4834) Column Editor: Michelle Flinchbaugh (Acquisitions and Digital Scholarship Services Librarian, Albin O. Kuhn Library & Gallery, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250; Phone: 410-455-6754; Fax: 410-455-1598)

ast Carolina University is part of the never quite matched up. A portion of the data allocation formulae were enrollment, cost, use/ University of North Carolina system was something we had to ask the registrar’s circulation and number of faculty. She says, Ewith an enrollment of approximately office to help us with and this was time-con- “Since potential use may be the most difficult 27,500. About 6,000 of those students are suming. And finally, we just felt there had to aspect to calculate, inclusion of multiple de- enrolled in distance education programs. ECU be a better way to get at use of the collection. mand factors is certainly justified” (Canepi is a master’s level institution with a few select 2007, 20). She goes on to say that “precision Ph.D. programs and a medical and dental Literature Review is elusive, because libraries seek to measure school. Joyner Library (along with its constit- The article that started this whole process by proxy what they cannot measure directly” uent the Music Library) is the main library for was Aguilar’s “Application of Relative Use (Canepi 2007, 21). After reading Bonn and the non-medical campus and employs about and Interlibrary Demand in Collection Devel- Aguilar, we disagreed with Canepi that use 100 full-time employees. The collection is opment” published in Collection Management cannot be measured directly. comprised of approximately 2 million print in 1986. We were familiar with this article from The article which gave us a taxonomy for volumes, 1 million eBooks, 100,000 electronic researching collection assessment techniques. fund allocation formulas was Catalano and journals, 475 databases and a rich array of pri- Aguilar talks about three types of collection Caniano’s “Book Allocations in a University mary resources housed in Special Collections. assessment: quantitative, qualitative and use Library: An Evaluation of Multiple Formulas” Joyner’s materials budget is approximately factors. Quantitative analysis can answer (Catalano and Caniano 2013). The authors $1.7 million dollars. There is also a virtual questions like, “How big is the collection?” describe various fund allocation methods. resources budget of approximately $2 million Qualitative analysis tries to answer “How In total, they discuss five methods: percent- shared between Joyner and its West-campus good is the collection?” Use factors, a concept age-based, factor or regression analysis, histor- counterpart, Laupus Health Sciences Library. new to us at the time, can answer the sort of ical spending, circulation-based and weighted This article will address the distribution of questions we were most interested in: “How is multiple-variable. Weighted multiple-variable monographic acquisitions funds which cover the collection used?” The use factors Aguilar formulas, according to the authors, allow “the the purchase of one-time materials such as mentions are Bonn’s use factor, Mill’s percent- library to select the factors that are deemed to books, scores, eBooks and DVDs. This ar- age of expected use, and the ratio of borrowings be the most valuable when allocating funds. ticle will not address the monies from which to holdings (Aguilar 1986). Additionally, this model allows for the library electronic databases, electronic journals, print To learn more about Bonn’s use factor, we to attribute its own weight to each variable” journals and other recurring expenses are paid, went back to Bonn’s article “Evaluation of the (Catalano and Caniano 2013, 195). After read- nor will it talk about large one-time funding Collection” from 1974. The entire scope of the ing Catalano and Caniano’s article, it became requests such as journal backfiles or archival article is different methods of evaluating col- clear that our old formula was an overly com- packages. The total sum of the subject funds lections. He mentions statistics, list checking, plicated weighted multiple-variable formula, being discussed is approximately $240,000. surveys, direct examination and then a fifth and that we wanted to move towards a simpler Why is so much attention being paid to a rela- category with a hodge-podge of methods. It’s formula with a use factor for circulation and tively small amount such as this? Although we in this hodge-podge section entitled Circulation price per item weighted equally. routinely tell faculty what our entire materials that Bonn talks about his use factor. He says, budget is and how much of a cut we’re sus- “The ratio of use to holdings in specific subject Methodology taining, the amount they are really interested classes, both expressed as percentages of the re- So, what we came up with after a lot of in is the allocation for their subject fund. Po- spective totals is the ‘use factor’ for that subject discussion is a very simple formula. We take litically, this is a very important portion of our class and may be determined as specifically or Bonn’s use factor, expressed as a ratio. We also materials budget. in as much detail as desired” (Bonn 1974, 273). take the average cost of items for each fund During the fall of 2012 the Head of Mono- The important thing to realize about Bonn’s expressed as a percentage of the whole. We graphic Acquisitions and the Collection De- use factor is that it prevents the problem that then express this as a ratio as well. Then we velopment Librarian for the Humanities were libraries run into when using circulation statis- add the two ratios. Next, we total the resulting tasked with devising a new fund allocation tics for evaluation or for fund allocation: that column and express all numbers in the column formula. Our old fund allocation formula was a larger collection is automatically going to as a percentage. That final percentage is what a large weighted variable monstrosity that had have more circulations than a small collection tells us how much of the firm order monies been developed by a committee of teaching based on its size. Bonn’s use factor controls each fund is entitled to. faculty in 1981 and 1982. They weren’t happy for this by expressing everything as a ratio We feel that Bonn’s use factor is not merely with it when they created it, just as we weren’t (Aguilar 1986, 17). a proxy for use, but rather that it is indicative happy with it. They were dissatisfied because The third article which we relied heavily of use. By employing a measure of actual it did not take into account research produc- upon for this process was Canepi’s “Fund use, we felt we could then do away with all tivity. We weren’t happy Allocation Formula Analysis: the proxies one typically sees in a weighted with it for several reasons. Determining Elements for multiple-variable formula such as number of It was time-consuming to Best Practices in Libraries” faculty or number of courses. Bonn’s use fac- get the data required for the (Canepi 2007). Canepi talks tor by itself, however, would leave out a very weighted variables. Some about a meta-analysis she did important piece of the picture: price. We are of the data was on calendar to answer the question “What a large library that supports many disciplines. year cycle while some was are the best practices of fund For some disciplines, such as chemistry, price on a fiscal year cycle so the allocation?” She found the per item is quite high: over $100. For other collection periods for the data most-used factors in fund continued on page 66 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 65 been devised by the Faculty Senate many years that psychology sees a large amount of use Biz of Acq ago, we decided to go to the Faculty Senate of electronic items. We feel one reason that from page 65 Libraries Committee to get final approval to psychology might be seeing so much e use is switch over fund allocation methods. We did twofold: we have a large social work program disciplines, such as music, price per item is this after one year of testing the formula to see and we have a health sciences campus with a low: under $20 due to the large number of how well (or not) it worked. It’s very important Psychiatry degree. Joyner Library supports the inexpensive scores the Music Library pur- to have some sort of higher authority sign off social work degree, but there may very well be chases. So, as important as the use factor for on changes to the fund allocation processes some overlap with psychology. And, although circulation is, we felt price per item should be because such changes can lead to politically Joyner Library does not support psychiatry just as important. To look at it another way, we precarious situations without that authority’s — it’s a subject that is covered by the Laupus are accounting for both supply and demand in approval. In our case that authority happened Health Sciences Library — we think some of our formula. Canepi says use or circulation is to be the committee comprised of faculty from the texts we purchase for psychology overlap a demand figure, while cost is a supply figure outside the library, but at other institutions the and complement those Laupus purchases for (Canepi 2007, 17). library director may be the only authority to psychiatry. Therefore, we believe our psychol- Data Gathered which to appeal. ogy eBooks are doing double duty. When it came time to actually put our theo- Improvements to the Formula CURRICULUM — Another interesting ry to use, we worked with our ILS administra- When we first ran the formula we only case study is our curriculum collection that tor to get the data we needed. We needed the looked at print books and check-outs. It was supports student teachers and is also used by circulation figures for all the books purchased our intention early on to add eBooks to the children. It is housed as a mélange of Dewey each year for four years, not including the formula at some point, so when we ran it the and LC classed books in our Teaching Resourc- current fiscal year. (The current fiscal year was second year we did just that. The bulk of our es Center. For FY 2014 they were entitled to not included because we felt those books might firm order eBooks came from ebrary so we 4.98% of the whole monographic fund. After not have had sufficient time to circulate.) We counted only those eBooks. We used ebrary’s adding in-house use statistics, this year, they chose four years because that was as far back own BR 1 report and decided that a use would were entitled to 6.71%. These materials are as our ILS went due to a system migration be most analogous to ebrary’s User Sessions. important for students studying to be teachers; in 2008-2009. So, for 2013, we got data for Almost all books we had purchased through however a lot of parents in the area take their 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12. For ebrary as firm orders had one use, most with children to our Teaching Resources Center 2014, we requested the same sort of data for only one page viewed. We thought this was (TRC) to check out books that interest them. the following years: 2008-09, 2009-2010, odd. After all, this was not a DDA where you We think the unique nature of this collection 2010-2011, 2011-1012 and 2012-2013*. For expect there to be a use of every book. We makes its in-house usage statistics very mean- both years, we got this data for our LC classed realized, however, that that initial use was ingful, as children, frequent users of the collec- items, which are the bulk of our collection, and coming from cataloging or electronic resourc- tion, don’t re-shelve. However, the curriculum our Dewey classed items, which are primarily es staff checking the URL of the book in the selector is still not happy with the allotment. children’s literature. This data came to us in record. We therefore decided to discount the One reason it might be lower than he (and we) several Excel files: one for each fiscal year for first use. By doing so, the usage looked much expected is that the books for the curriculum the general collection, one for each fiscal year more like something we were expecting: many collection are cheap: less than $18 per title. of the children’s literature collection and one books with no usage, some with 1 use, a few We have found that the average price per title for each fiscal year of our media collection. with multiple uses. At this point we simply paid in each fund makes a big difference in The data came to us in rough call number order. incorporated the eBook statistics we’d gath- how much of the whole a fund is entitled to. There were a few corrections in call number ered into our grid of use by LC class. To remedy this we instituted a $2,000 variance order we had to make, and then we were able rule: if any fund was to see changes of more The other thing we changed in the second than $2,000 either up or down, we would hold to split the data into sections, based on LC. We year we ran the formula is that we counted had over 150 sections that got funneled into the change to $2,000 so that neither too much in-house uses as check-outs. Over the course would be taken from the fund at once nor would 38 fund codes. Sometimes the relationship of the year after we ran the formula the first between LC sections and fund was straight the fund see a huge increase from one year to time, we learned that various units put a lot the next. It was also a way of softening the forward: all the M’s were put into the music of effort into keeping these in-house use fund. Sometimes it was more complicated such blow to funds that saw a large decrease in the statistics. The Teaching Resources Center money allotted to them. as for art where there are the multiple locations and the Music Library in particular keep very in the N’s plus the TR’s. The Dewey classed good track of in-house use. Representatives EDUCATION — Talking about soften- items were shunted into the Curriculum fund from both units convinced us that we weren’t ing the blow, Education was one such fund section. All media went into the appropriate getting the whole picture if we were leaving that desperately needed the $2,000 variance LC section, unless it belonged to the Music those statistics out. It was easy enough to rule. Under the old formula Education was Library and went into the M’s. incorporate them, and in the areas mentioned entitled to a significant portion of our mono- *We requested five years of data the second above it certainly made a big impact on their graphic funds. It is a large department with year we ran the formula. We then compared circulation numbers, which in turn had an im- many professors, classes, undergraduates and the results of all five years to the results of only pact on how much these units were entitled to. graduates. All of these were variables that the four most recent years. We discovered that were part of our old formula, so Education there was not much difference between the Case Studies: fared very well under it. When we changed four year results and the five year results, so PSYCHOLOGY — Psychology is an formulas, Education didn’t fare so well. It we decided to stick with four years. interesting case study. The psychology saw a large decrease in the money it was department at ECU supports undergraduate entitled to. We feel this decrease was due Buy-in and Political Ramifications and graduate study with a B.A., two master’s in large part to low circulation for education We first sought buy-in from our colleagues programs and one Ph.D. program. Joyner materials. Although it is a large department, at the library. It was important that the selec- Library supports all of these programs through the monographic education resources we’re tors at Joyner Library and the Music Library its development of the psychology collection buying aren’t circulating that well. Why is understood that the fund allocation formula in both print and electronic formats. The first that? It’s just a guess, but we think it has to do had changed and how this change would affect year we ran the formula, psychology was enti- with an undergraduate culture that is shifting them. Once we had discussed it with the appro- tled to 2.61%, but that was based just on print from the monograph as the main scholarly priate librarians, our assistant director, and the alone. For the second year, psychology was resource to the article. Overall, in the social interim director, we took the formula to a group entitled to 5.02% based on print and electronic sciences we’re seeing a trend towards journals representative of the faculty. Because our pre- use. As the cost per psychology item remained and gray literature. vious weighted multiple-variable formula had close from year one to year two, we can infer continued on page 67 66 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Being Earnest with Collections — Getting to Yes: Employing the Harvard Negotiation Project’s Method of Principled Negotiation by Claire Dygert (President, CDygert Solutions) Column Editor: Michael A. Arthur (Associate Professor, Head, Resource Acquisition & Discovery, The University of Alabama Libraries, Box 870266, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487; Phone: 205-348-1493; Fax: 205-348-6358)

Column Editor’s Note: In this issue relationship — an image that I fear too many the negotiation continues. This often becomes of Being Earnest with Collections, I am people have embraced over the years. a contest of wills, with the risk of endan- pleased to be featuring a dear friend and for- While I think this is changing as gering ongoing relationships, as egos mer colleague. I have known Claire Dygert ICOLC’s leadership changes, are identified with a position and one for over ten years and was fortunate to work battle scars from that approach either “wins” or “loses.” with her in Florida and to benefit from her surely remain in the form of This is not to say that employ- expertise in working with vendors to control mistrust and a reluctance to be ing principled bargaining methods price increases and provide more content. In transparent and forthcoming with vendors will result in dis- this article, Claire provides clear guidelines from both sides of the field. cussions void of conflict, for a and best practices for librarians to follow I became interested in very fundamental conflict is at when negotiating with vendors. Those li- honing my negotiation skills the heart of these discussions: brarians interested in being “earnest with early in my career, but it the need of the vendor and the collections” should read this short article was not until I took a job sales person to maintain a sus- and then try to implement a few of the best with a library consortium tainable, successful business practices. Putting some of Claire’s ideas into that had statewide contract and income, and the need of practice may save the library money and help negotiation as one of my the library to maximize the librarians to avoid tenuous relationships primary responsibilities that purchasing power of its budget with vendors. — MA I started to read more widely to provide as much content, in negotiation strategies. The from multiple vendors, to their methodology laid out in the users. Accepting this as a given ver the years I have given my “Build- book Getting to Yes: Nego- is the first step in becoming a good ing Your Licensing and Negotiation tiating Agreement Without negotiator. Mastering the ability OSkills Toolkit” workshop to many Giving In has most informed to navigate through this conflict audiences. What I am always struck by is the approach I take to nego- in a calm, professional manner is how anxious the prospect of negotiating tiations today. Written by Roger the goal. The fundamentals of the with vendors and publishers makes many Fisher and William Ury of the Harvard Harvard Negotiation Project’s methodology librarians. For years there has been an “us Negotiation Project, their method is one of give one the tools to do so. against them” mentality in the library world principled negotiation, or negotiation on the There are four basic tenants to principled that sets the relationship between library and merits, rather than positional bargaining. Po- bargaining: vendor in an adversarial mode as the default. sitional bargaining is the most common form of The International Coalition of Library negotiation, where, much like on a battlefield, • Separate the people from the prob- Consortia (ICOLC) has long used the “Bat- each side takes a position (e.g., I will only pay lem or issue tlefield” as a metaphor for the library/vendor X amount) and then changes that position as • Insist on using objective criteria • Focus on interests, not positions • Create options for mutual gain Separating the People from that are looking for evidenced based methods the Problem or Issue Biz of Acq of allocating firm order monies might do well Several years ago, I was discussing a par- from page 66 with this formula. ticular publisher with a librarian — let’s call him Bob — who works at a large independent Conclusion References university library. He was in the midst of ne- Although our new formula is markedly sim- Aguilar, W. (1986). Application of Rela- gotiating a contract and it wasn’t going well. pler than our previous one, it still takes quite a tive Use and Interlibrary Demand in Collection He was enraged at the sales representative lot of time to gather all the statistics necessary Development. Collection Management, 8(1), that he had been dealing with, and blamed for running it. We feel that the labor costs are 15-24. them for being incalcitrant. “Claire,” he said worth it, as it is an evidence-based method of Bonn, G. (1974). Evaluation of the Collec- to me, “I don’t know how you can deal with distributing funds, and that is exactly what we tion. Library Trends, 22(3), 265-304. all of these vendors! I get so angry I can’t need right now in this burgeoning climate of sleep at night!” I asked him to explain what accountability with its emphasis on proof of Canepi, K. (2007). Fund Allocation For- the problem was. The vendor had proposed return on investment. Just like our old formula, mula Analysis: Determining Elements for Best an annual price increase that he found unac- we won’t run it from scratch every year, but Practices in Libraries. Library Collections, Ac- ceptable, and he kept telling them so. But it rather every other or every third year to cut quisitions, & Technical Services, 31(1), 12-24. turned out he hadn’t articulated why the price back on the amount of time spent gathering Catalano, A., Caniano, W. (2013). Book increase was unacceptable, or proposed and statistics for it. We feel that a library our size is Allocations in a University Library: An justified an alternative. What he did do was pretty much the largest we would recommend Evaluation of Multiple Formulas. Collection dig in and repeat his position, which made the using this formula due to the time necessary Management, 38(3), 192-212. person who rejected it appear as the adversary. to gather all the statistics. Smaller libraries continued on page 68

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 67 notice would be disastrous to digital service what content might be relevant to that market. Being Earnest with Collections operations. Yet the company was adamant that In the end we struck the deal, and the out- from page 67 the clause be retained, and the staff member come was rewarding to all parties concerned. negotiating the agreement equally adamant The colleges got access to current content Clearly, he was taking things personally, and I that the clause was unacceptable. which had been embargoed in the aggregated could see at least part of the reason that things By the time my friend got involved, each article databases they had subscriptions to, and were going awry. He was arguing the issue side had staked out their position so thoroughly usage statistics showed what subject areas they from his position, not from any of the merits of that the situation seemed hopeless. Feelings may need to focus more advanced collection his case. He had failed to separate the person were high, and the software vendor seemed development efforts on. The publisher found from the problem. Employing the other three unwilling to budge. This does not make the deal opened up a new market, and fairly tenants of principled bargaining would have sense, Sue thought. No library would accept quickly sold some eBook packages to insti- helped him to do so. a contract termination clause that would have tutions in which they hadn’t previously had a Insist on Using Objective Criteria such dire consequences if enacted. Rather than sales presence. The data gathered from usage For me, one of the most important phases of continue to argue their case, she sat down with of their journal content also led them to develop the negotiation process is information gather- the vendor and asked them to explain what new subject-specific collections targeted for the ing, and the one that Bob neglected to do. This concerns led them to insist upon the inclusion college market. phase could have provided Bob with objective of this clause. It turns out that a staff member at Finding options for mutual gain is not criteria for making his case that the proposed the library had made an evaluative comment on always easy. But sometimes just posing the increase was unacceptable. For example, he the software in question on a public discussion question — “How can we find a way to both could have cited the fact that the library’s bud- list. Despite it not being ill-intentioned, it had benefit from the deal?” — leads to thinking get had been flat for the past three years, thereby been taken extremely personally by the com- outside of the proverbial box. Don’t be afraid significantly reducing the library’s buying pow- pany’s owner. The vendor had worked closely to bring a creative spirit to your negotiations. with library staff throughout the development er, while the annual increase from the vendor Putting it all Together had been 5% each year. In addition, the price of the tool, and saw their relationship as a for the product in question was based, in part, on partnership. They had felt blindsided by the The techniques of principled bargaining the university’s FTE, which had been declining public criticism. Quite simply, they were hurt are rarely used in isolation of one another, in recent years. The product had also recently and angry, and adding the termination clause but weaved together to create an intentional, lost some content which was important to his felt like protection against further offence. thoughtful approach to negotiation. Good user community. Bob could have also gathered Once the interests behind the position of the communication skills are, to some degree, in- some data on the vendor. For example, what software company were uncovered, meaning- herent in them, but one needs to be mindful to was the vendor’s profit margin over the past ful negotiations quickly proceeded. The staff be practicing these as well, and I always spend few years, and how did that contrast with the member explained that he hadn’t meant his time on this in my Negotiation workshops. growth (or lack thereof) of his library’s budget? comment to be pejorative, but in future would The importance of active listening can’t be discuss concerns about functionality with the underestimated. And like my friend Sue with Let’s consider how things might have gone the software vendor, it is important to probe differently for Bob if he had started out using vendor before making public commentary. He also reiterated the importance of the applica- for information, especially in cases where objective criteria in his negotiation efforts. something just doesn’t seem right, and it is After receiving the initial pricing proposal, tion to their workflow. The vendor was able to see that their best interests were in setting difficult to understand why someone would be Bob could have responded with a written taking a particular position. As part of building counter-proposal that detailed the facts about aside the personal to continue what had been a very productive business relationship with the their communication skills, negotiators should the decline of the library’s buying power; the learn to be comfortable with silences — one of decline in FTE enrollment and its implication library. The termination clause was removed, and the license signed. the more challenging things to learn. And it is for the product pricing; and the loss of relevant always a good idea — and quite acceptable — content from the product itself. His count- Create Options for Mutual Gain to take a break if tempers get flared. er-proposal would clearly state what the library felt was a reasonable alternative to the proposed Some years ago, I was working for a state Finally, the most important thing in be- increase based upon the facts. Bob’s document library consortium that provided services to coming a good negotiator is that personal would now serve as something of a neutralizing both the public universities and community integrity is of the utmost importance. Never agent, moving the argument from the personal colleges. I was negotiating an e-journal con- lie or promise something you can’t deliver. to an objective list of facts. Bob would now be tract with a major publisher on behalf of the Almost equally important in developing your negotiating his case on the merits. universities. As with any sole source vendor, negotiation skills is the willingness to evaluate the library is somewhat at a disadvantage, so I your experiences to understand what worked Focus on Interests, not Positions was following the Harvard Negotiation Proj- and what didn’t. I advise people to ask them- As noted earlier in this article, conflict is ect’s advice and looking to create options for selves how they felt emotionally as well. If inherent in the relationship between the library mutual gain. The organization had a relatively you were angry, why? Were you reverting and the library vendor. But, as Fisher and Ury small amount of unexpended e-resource funds to positional bargaining? This can be a key point out, such conflicts are not between the which provided an opportunity. What if, I learning moment. Remember — no one was position of each party, but the interests of those asked the publisher, we were to use those funds born an expert negotiator and you are going parties. Interests are the motivation behind the to gain access to the content on behalf of the to make mistakes along the way. Embrace the positions we take. community colleges? The publisher wasn’t in mistakes and use them to learn and grow your A friend of mine — let’s call her Sue — is the community college market at the time, and negotiation skill set. an Associate Dean at a large research university it would provide them with a laboratory to learn library whose responsibilities include technology and digital services. To manage a piece of their digital services functionality, the library licenses some software from a small company 200th Anniversary of the publication of Mary whose owner had developed the application. Rumors Shelley’s Frankenstein with a special exhibit When it came time to renew the license agree- from page 64 spotlighting holdings from the Academy of ment, however, the software company insisted Motion Picture Arts & Sciences, Occidental on a clause that would allow them to pull out Speaking of which, from February 9-11 College Library’s Ned Guymon Mystery and of the contract with only 30 days’ notice. Now, booksellers, and scholars will converge at the Detective Fiction Collection, University of this piece of software was critical to overall 51st California International Antiquarian California Riverside Library’s Eaton Collection operations, and losing that tool with such short Book Fair. The Book Fair also celebrates the continued on page 70 68 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Both Sides Now: Vendors and Librarians — Time: Your Best Friend or Your Worst Enemy Column Editor: Michael Gruenberg (Managing Partner, Gruenberg Consulting, LLC) www.gruenbergconsulting.com

once worked for a company that produced time, visit key accounts, as well. It takes a in advance to review so you can country risk reports. These were insight- pretty talented person to juggle all these balls make comments and revise as you I ful and timely reports written by brilliant in the air. That’s why time management for a see fit. The agenda should include people. Moreover, those gems were produced sales rep is critical to their success. Whatever topics intending to be discussed, on a daily basis so as to keep the readership the methodology to accomplish these tasks, participants and goals & objectives abreast of the latest political and monetary the ultimate measure of success is wheth- of the meeting. You need to edit that developments being played out on the world’s er the salesperson has met their monthly document and then send it back to stage. sales goals. Sales reps the salesperson with your additions In presenting the prod- are judged almost entirely and deletions. It’s your meeting. uct to prospects, the con- by their sales results. In You need to take ownership. cept of being the “latest spite of individual person- • Schedule the meeting in a room that and most complete anal- alities, I always preferred has privacy. Meeting at the reference ysis” went hand-in-hand to manage a salesperson desk is not advisable. who was able to meet and in describing the incred- • If the salesperson is not answering ible worth of the content exceed their $ sales goals every month. your questions satisfactorily, ask itself. To underscore the for clarification. When the meeting importance of timeliness, Effective time manage- is over you need to be clear on the my sales pitch involved ment is not only important attributes of the product, pricing, “to asking the prospect what, as an integral part of the do” items, etc. in their opinion, was the sales rep’s office tasks, difference between news but even more important • If a salesperson calls and requests gathering and reporting when the meetings in the a meeting to go over a new product today as opposed to that field with the information and you do not have the budget to same process 100 years professional take place. even consider the offering, make ago. The obvious answers On a face-to-face appoint- that clear to the sales rep. Given about today’s methods ment, both parties need to costs involved in travelling to your were centered on the Internet and its ability be clear as to why the meeting is taking place, library, the rep needs to visit bona to deliver relevant, competent and hopefully what are the meeting’s goals and objectives and fide prospects that have the budget accurate information in seconds. who from both parties will be in attendance. to make a buying decision. If you Moreover, active participation at the meeting don’t have the money, make it clear. The follow-up question that I always asked You’ll save yourself and the rep a was, “what in news gathering remains the by both parties is essential. For a meeting to be deemed productive, both parties need to be en- considerable amount of time and same today as it was 100 years ago?” That money. was usually met with blank stares. The answer gaged in the conversation. Time management quite simply is that today, like 100 years, there is even more important for the meeting itself. • And if you cannot meet the rep for are still only 24 hours in the day. And if you Unless both parties are involved in a cru- whatever reason, let them know that. use those hours effectively, your chances for cial part of a delicate negotiation, most sales Silence and avoidance is unaccept- success are greatly enhanced. However, if that meetings should be no longer than 45 minutes able. Faithfully return their phone time is spent in an unproductive manner, then to an hour. An agenda sent in advance to both calls. the chances of success are greatly diminished. parties and agreed to will lay out the objectives, • Prepare a list of questions that you My first boss used to say that time for a participants and issues to be discussed. Time need to know about the product salesperson can be a best friend or worst ene- management is essential for both parties to including price, technical compati- my. Time which is wasted today will never be succeed in their individual goals because we bility, accuracy of data, etc. redeemed or come back tomorrow. The best have little time for extraneous conversations. For the salesperson in the information information industry salespeople that I had the After all, time is money, so they say. industry, the management of time is crucial. pleasure to manage were those who were ever For the information professional, the Effective use of the phone is part and parcel mindful of the clock and never wasted their following guidelines will help in keeping the of that effectiveness. Given the length and time on extraneous matters outside of their salesperson and yourself on track: breadth of the assigned territory, the effec- selling responsibilities during the selling day. • Devise a schedule each month tive use of the phone to speak and connect to In the world of buying and selling infor- that allows for time to meet and/ clients/prospects is essential. mation, the productive use of time is at the or have phone conversations with The salesperson by virtue of the fact that cornerstone of success for both the informa- salespeople. A sales rep’s job is they have reached out to the library to gauge tion professional and the vendor. Each has to present and ultimately sell you interest in the company’s offerings has seem- specific goals and objectives which can be their products. They will call you ingly done a significant amount of homework easily derailed if attention is not paid to the with the intent to meet. Let them in determining that there may be a fit between basics of time management. know, for example that you set aside the library and the proposed product. Assum- Sales reps in our industry are given a Tuesdays and Thursdays from 1:00 ing that this work has been done, for the sales specific geographical territory to manage. PM-5:00 PM to meet with vendors. rep to continue and arrange to meet in person, As part of their daily activities they need to Make yourself available to fit your the following must be done: stay in contact with current customers, pros- schedule. • After the initial phone conversation pect for possible new ones follow-up on the • Once the date and time of the that signifies that there is an interest month’s outstanding renewals, resolve any meeting is set, require an agenda by the information professional in outstanding customer issues and at the same to be sent in to you 1 or 2 weeks continued on page 70 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 69 Both Sides Now ... from page 69 Collection Management Matters —

exploring more about your product, Time is Filled with Swift Transitions propose a follow-up on-site meeting. Send an email with a proposed agen- Column Editor: Glenda Alvin (Associate Professor, Assistant Director for da with possible dates and times as Collection Management and Administration, Head, Acquisitions and Serials, Brown- well and be sure to include who from Daniel Library, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd., Nashville, your company plans to attend. TN 37209; Phone: 615-963-5230; Fax: 615-963-1368) • Once the proposed agenda is approved by the librarian, and then his year two of my colleagues that When dealing with new library faculty, its gather only the relevant information formerly attended the Charleston best to show some respect for the experiences needed for that meeting. If the Conference with me in the Lightsey that they bring to the job, and show flexibility. library contact has specifically said T Center back in the 1990s retired, while three They approach their jobs with new perspectives what they want to discuss, don’t more had retired earlier. Of the group of us and I think it’s important that they be allowed to introduce other products that will that use to sit together and hang out, only try out their ideas and see how they work. Our only muddy the waters. Joyce Durant, Dean of the Library at Francis previous Government Documents Librarian • At the meeting, come prepared with Marion University, and Linda Rousseau, refused to discard anything. When we hired a number of questions to further Assistant Director at Charleston Southern, her replacement, her first order of business was ascertain if, in fact the proposed are still unretired. Two librarians at my current to do a massive weeding project — documents product ultimately makes sense for institution retired this month as well, with one left the area in bins. When she asked my the library to consider purchasing. going home to baby sit her granddaughter and opinion, I was fine with whatever she wanted Take nothing for granted! the other moving to Oregon and starting a new to accomplish. With younger librarians, espe- • Once those questions and the li- life with her son. cially those new to the profession, I try to take brarian’s questions are answered, When peers retire, you miss having some- on a mentoring role. summarize the points and reinforce one to bounce ideas off and compare proce- Early in my career, I resolved not to be one the fact that there is an agreement dures, strategies or management issues. You of those folks who believe in preserving the sta- on all issues. Jointly decide what also miss having someone who is in your same tus quo and keeping things the way they have the next steps are. position around to commis- always been. As I • Follow the guidelines to keep the erate with. While they are watched older col- meeting length to less than 1 hour. delving in to their home leagues who refused Your time and their time are valu- renovations and traveling, to adjust to change able. Extraneous conversations you are in the same grind and always hearken unnecessarily lengthen the meeting. of managing staff, learning back to the familiar, new technologies, going to I decided that when By both parties understanding and respect- meetings, etc. You can still I became senior, I ing each other’s time, a swift conclusion to the keep in touch via email, but would remain open meeting will occur with both sides coming you know that you will nev- to new methods and away with what they want followed by a plan er run into them at another always try to adapt. For the most part, I have to finalize the decision. library conference or cross paths with them in kept that promise to myself, although I must “Time Has Come Today” was a hit single in Exhibit Hall at ALA. confess that I recently told the Library Dean by the Chambers Brothers, written by Willie When the older librarians leave the scene, that I did not want to go through another ILS & Joe Chambers. The song was recorded in new librarians come with different ideas and migration. I would rather leave that adventure 1966, released on the album The Time Has ways of doing their work. They have to be to my successor! Come in November 1967, and as a single in trained to be library liaisons and how to manage As I start toward the twilight of my own December 1967. The theme of time manage- their allocations. If they are not coming from a career in a couple of years, I keep my unknown ment resonates through this song. similar institutions, webinars and other training successor in mind and wonder what kind of opportunities need to be provided. This can legacy will that librarian inherit from me. For Mike is currently the Managing Partner sometimes be repetitious, because replace- one thing, I intend to leave a collection that of Gruenberg Consulting, LLC, a firm he ments are hired at different intervals during the is weeded and updated, as well as accurately founded in January 2012 after a successful year. I just picked up Rittenhouse as vendor inventoried. For another, I want to clean out career as a senior sales executive in the last year and arranged training for both liaisons. my office and not leave a colossal amount of information industry. His firm is devoted to One liaison retired without letting anybody paperwork that needs to be shredded or old provide clients with sales staff analysis, market know her intentions until the very end of the manuals that should have been discarded long research, executive coaching, trade show school year. After she left, I had to arrange for ago. Another item on my agenda is to leave an preparedness, product placement and best another training for her replacement. I meet updated Procedures Manual with the respon- practices advice for improving negotiation with each new library faculty hire one on one sibilities of each staff member. Most of all, I skills for librarians and salespeople. His to orientate them to their responsibilities. I want to leave a legacy that the collection and did two this year and have one coming at the book, “Buying and Selling Information: A the library itself is more effective and viable beginning of 2018. because of my service. Guide for Information Professionals and Salespeople to Build Mutual Success” has become the definitive book on negotiation skills and is available on Amazon, Information Today in print and eBook, Amazon Kindle, of antiquarian books. “The 2017 edition of the B&N Nook, Kobo, Apple iBooks, OverDrive, Rumors Book Fair will have an especially strong inter- 3M Cloud Library, Gale (GVRL), MyiLibrary, from page 68 national flavor as many of the foreign dealers ebrary, EBSCO, Blio, and Chegg. www. assembled for the ILAB Congress in Pasadena gruenbergconsulting.com of Science Fiction & Fantasy, and Sara Karl- the preceding week will stay on to exhibit,” said off, the daughter of Boris Karloff. Recognized Book Fair Co-Chair Jennifer Johnson. “We as one of the world’s pre-eminent exhibitions continued on page 75

70 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Optimizing Library Services — Agile Management of Electronic Resources: A Charleston Conference Presentation by Geraldine Rinna (Electronic Resources Librarian, Western Michigan University) Column Editors: Caroline J. Campbell (Promotions Assistant, IGI Global) and Lindsay Wertman (Managing Director, IGI Global) www.igi-global.com

Column Editor’s Note: In collabora- just the right information needed to complete they need and trust them to get the job done.” tion with the Charleston Conference and a critical assignment. She happened upon This required that we collaborate to map the IGI Global’s long-standing commitment to an agile management tool, called a Kanban workflows, outline the charter, lay ground specialized library solutions, IGI Global’s board, that would push reminders to her when rules, and to build, tweak and complete the Academic Librarian Sponsorship winner, time-sensitive tasks needed to be completed. project. Although this process took valuable Geraldine Rinna, an Electronic Resources Use of Kanban to manage her workflow quick- time out of every team member’s day, the work Librarian from Western Michigan University, ly evolved into a team space encompassing produced a sustainable, reusable project that outlines her Charleston Conference presen- multiple projects. initially cut five person-hours per year over tation, “Laying Down the Whack-A-Mole In a nutshell, a Kanban board consists of a the previous method of using a spreadsheet to Mallet: One Inexperienced ERM Team’s workspace divided into sections with cards that manage the project, but also allowed us to cut Story About Adopting the Agile Philosophy represent tasks that move through each section 100 additional person-hours of work each year to Manage Electronic Resources,” given on of the board. The most common Kanban board as a result of our taking a closer look at long Nov. 8, 2017. — CC & LW configuration is one with “To-Do,” “Doing,” standing workflows for the collection, upload- and “Done” columns that contain cards. The ing, and archiving of usage statistics and the monitoring of SUSHI harvests. Additionally, he transitory nature of electronic resourc- cards are the tasks that need to be completed for the project and each card moves through the there are now three more team members trained es requires that staff and faculty, working in all aspects of collecting and managing usage in this realm, keep a vigilant eye out for columns as the work progresses. The project T is complete when all the cards end up in the statistics and the work is equally distributed the myriad changes that inevitably come our among them. way. We are often required to suspend a critical “Done” column. task for a more critical task, and keeping up After successfully testing and implementing Unfortunately, we will have to gather usage with all the work we have to do is daunting, if a Kanban board to manage personal workflows, statistics for the foreseeable future, but when not overwhelming. Electronic Resource Man- the application was introduced to the rest of the one of the team members has a brilliant idea agement (ERM) requires agility. If our aim is ERM team as a possible tool to help us with the that will streamline this process even more, to provide superior customer service, we must arduous task of collecting electronic resources we will easily be able to change the project to continually adapt to the landscape of the day. usage statistics, which began to take up more of fit new requirements and will not skip a beat. ERM systems have made tremendous progress our time after we migrated to a new ILS. After Our ILS vendor has recently been expanding towards managing electronic resources in the our migration, we lost the ability to upload any the capabilities of our current usage statistics last ten years. Unfortunately, they still lack COUNTER usage statistics report other than module, and it is our hope that we will one day some basic functionality that require us to use the JR1, and needed to archive all our reports be able to use the ILS to manage the harvesting, additional tools to complete our day-to-day for future reference when making collection collecting, and uploading of usage statistics work efficiently, effectively, and with agility. development decisions. Additionally, we from within that platform. We will, however, West Michigan University Libraries subscribed to a service which would download continue to use an agile management tool ERM unit experienced some major changes all our COUNTER reports not harvested via until such time that all the work of the ERM after a platform migration, that afforded many the SUSHI protocol and upload them into our unit is manageable within our ILS and offers opportunities to take on new challenges, but reporting tool. SUSHI harvesting also lost the agility that we require to provide superior also increased our workload past the point of ground, with approximately half the number of customer service while giving us the opportu- sustainability. As we were looking for ways to configured accounts than our previous system nity to continually simplify and streamline the streamline the work of the unit, we happened and no way for us to configure them ourselves. work of our unit. upon a method of agile project management This loss of functionality added an additional As we were developing our usage statistics developed for use in the Japanese auto industry 200 person-hours per year to the work of the project, the agile management tool was quickly that looked like it might help us keep on top unit and finding a way to streamline this as adopted by the group to help them keep on top of our day-to-day work, and also equitably much as possible while equitably, distributing of their own routine and irregular tasks. We all distribute some of the new work we were the work was of paramount importance. We have a personal Kanban board that reminds us, required to complete that had come our way decided to divide the work into three steps: for example, to check the import profiles we due to a loss of functionality and services after 1. Download monitor, the pipes we build to harvest data from migrating from our old ERM system to a new 2. Upload and monitor SUSHI accounts our digital repositories, and the addition and library services platform. deletion of titles in our electronic collections. 3. Archive One staff member, overwhelmed with We have used this system with great success calendar reminders, two overflowing inboxes, We created a Kanban board that mirrored when completing projects such as updating virtual notebooks, ticketing systems, and other these steps. We tweaked this project several our OpenURL button or our branding images various tools used to keep track of all the work times as we were working, adding custom on our vendor platforms. We have ongoing she needed to accomplish, started looking for a fields, tags, and recurring tasks all while in the projects to keep track of requests to change the better way to manage her competing priorities. process of gathering, uploading, and archiving configuration of our discovery layer and our She needed notifications pushed in a clear usage statistics. ILS. We have collaborated with people in other and concise way that did not complete with One of the principles of the Agile Manifesto units and outside our libraries on projects with actual meetings on her calendar, and without is to “Build projects around motivated individ- and without an end date with great success. constantly searching across applications for uals. Give them the environment and support continued on page 72

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 71 Optimizing Library Services The agile management tool we are using References allows us to see a visual representation of the from page 71 Beck, Kent, et al. Principles behind the projects in terms of incomplete and complete Agile Manifesto. Retrieved May 12, 2017 tasks so we can keep track of our progress as from http://agilemanifesto.org/principles.html. We have already started thinking about due dates draw near, which is not something how we can abandon our current usage statis- Minchew, Tessa (2015) Who’s on first?: that we can do using task management features License team workflow tracking with Trello. tics project in favor of an overarching ERM built into our ILS. Using an agile management project board that will incorporate the process Retrieved May 24, 2017 from https://doi.org/ tool, you can quickly determine if the work of 10.1080/00987913.2015.1065946. of managing our usage statistics. We are also the unit is not in balance or whether a project currently working on mapping the principles of is not making adequate progress toward its Ostergaard, Kristin (2016) Applying the agile management philosophy to industry goals. This type of analytics promises to be Kanban Principles to electronic resource standards and the libraries strategic plan, and a valuable tool to inform administration and acquisitions with Trello. Retrieved May 24, looking for a way we can use this information other units and departments in the library of 2017, from https://doi.org/10.1080/194112 to measure the value of the work that we do. the work that we are doing. 6X.2016.1130464. There are many web-based agile management tools freely available or by subscription In a way, all knowledge workers to some that libraries can use to augment their current extent are project managers, and the general About IGI Global’s Academic Librarian systems. We tested a few and found one that nature of managing the electronic resources Sponsorship Program: IGI Global, a leading best fit our needs, but they all appear to be life cycle seems to be quite conducive to the international academic publisher, is celebrat- scalable to any size library or project that incorporation of agile management practices ing 30 years of cultivating quality knowledge requires that work be completed in a single in many of our workflows. innovation and technology advancements. In piece flow, where changes need to be made at Although not all of our agile projects can an ongoing effort to help librarians grow pro- any time, and where there is a high degree of be considered successes, we consider our us- fessionally and increase their understanding of variability in the work. Projects are not limited age statistics project and the use of the agile the changing state of knowledge resources, IGI to the number of columns in the Kanban board, management tool in general to be successful. Global offers the Annual Academic Librar- or the number of cards that you add. Careful We have learned a great deal about project ian Sponsorship. This sponsorship awards analysis, however, of the project should be management through both the successes and one librarian with a $500 travel stipend for done to determine whether Kanban is the failures we have experienced while using Kan- attendance of the Charleston Conference. right project management tool to employ in ban. Our agile management tool has helped us For more information on this sponsorship and each case. We are currently exploring other streamline many of our workflows, has given us other announcements, please sign up for IGI methods of project management to determine the opportunity to learn new skills, transformed Global’s mailing list at www.igi-global.com/ whether we should use them in replacement of us into a team, helped us equitably distribute newsletters. our Kanban boards, in conjunction with them, mundane but essential work, and has saved IGI Global is a proud diamond sponsor of or whether they are conducive to managing our us valuable time to better manage electronic the Charleston Conference for nine years. work in a smarter way. resources.

Library Analytics: Shaping the Future — How Analytics Helped Smith College Discover the Best Bento Column Editors: John McDonald (EBSCO Information Services) and Kathleen McEvoy (EBSCO Information Services)

n this month’s column, we’re featuring with the materials available. Librarians were At Smith, they’ve seen user research a project that leveraged analytics around regularly incorporating the discovery tool behaviors indicating that many students start Iuser behavior to inform design decisions into their instruction sessions but noticed their research with-known-item web search- around Library Discovery. This column builds that while students were doing more complex ing and then move their initial search results on a presentation and previous efforts by Rob searching during class sessions, they’d go into the discovery service. This adds up to O’Connell, Director of Discovery & Access, at back to simple, familiar keyword searching the fact that, at least for discovery, there is the Smith College Libraries to use analytics to when working on their own. O’Connell no “one size fits all” and local mitigation of help inform their library website redesign and believes that one reason for the high level the interface that works best for each site is ultimately led to the adoption of a Bento Box of known-item and general topic searches important. In 2016, Smith started a rebuild style implementation of EBSCO Discovery was that Smith was marketing its discov- of the library website and had decided upon Service (EDS). ery services to first- and a bento box approach after seeing a presenta- The genesis of the project second-year students and tion by librarians from the University of Ala- began with observations of other novice searchers. He bama at a user group meeting. Smith’s goals patron confusion caused said the high incidence of were to build out a bento box approach using by the previous implemen- known-item searching might modern web design based on the extensive tation of the EDS inter- differ from other institutions. Google Material Design framework (https:// face. Librarians reviewing At a comprehensive or Carnegie material.io/guidelines/) that outlines how to usage logs of EDS saw Doctoral 1 institution, more ad- rebuild for the modern web (e.g., motion, that most searches were vanced students might be more dynamic web). The initial redesign was first for known-items and that database-focused which correlates vetted by librarians, who when first seeing the these specific searches with some of the observations at skeleton were excited about the possibilities were about the students Smith where graduate students of the bento box. Together, the librarians of learning how to interact are more database driven. continued on page 73

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why they were seeing something in the search revised the wording to encourage usage. Addi- Library Analytics ... results, they wouldn’t click on it making it tional testing helped them explore the correct from page 72 nonessential to the overall design. order in which to offer materials (e.g., books, Another change made through observation articles, databases, local results and video). Smith decided to use evidence-based deci- related to databases. Testing showed that stu- In another example from the initial design, sions to inform further redesign. They had dents had difficulty associating database names users were transferred to multiple additional questions centered on the user perspective, with their subject areas. Common databases, interfaces when using the “Explore More” such as “Where do the troubles lie?” and “Is such as JSTOR were easy to identify, how- feature. The sudden change in the display was there too much information on the screen?” ever, databases with unfamiliar names were confusing to students and led to the creation of Smith developed a cross-department user less likely to be clicked on. To remedy this, a slide out sidebar to load additional content. research team of five staffers that included Smith created a narrow by subject box which This new design tested well and kept students two librarians from collection services, two allowed patrons to select a subject area, such within the bento box display, reducing con- teaching librarians, and one programmer from as biology, and have their search results filtered fusion and streamlining the research process. Digital Strategies & Services. This makeup to show databases that are best for that subject The Smith team also tested the number of ensured that the team members could eval- area. Librarians can control which databases APIs that could be included in the bento box uate the bento box approach from different show up using an administration tool. The design. They tested API displays for Wiki- angles by various people with different sets of reasoning was that students didn’t need to dive pedia, New York Times, Getty Images, and knowledge. Initial usability testing focused into the unknown — topic-restricted searches Digital Public Library of American (DPLA). on screen wording and display elements (e.g., worked better. O’Connell said these were both Many of these interfaces either tested poorly how would you filter these results?) with the examples of a “reversal of the norm” but the or the content was deemed inappropriate for ultimate goal being to learn if their students testing proved it out. the final product. WhileDPLA did not neces- understood what’s being searched and how to In Smith’s user testing, they could verify sarily test well, the team viewed the results as manage the information on screen to optimize results quickly across multiple users, work potentially important for the research process, their search experience. agilely to make changes, and continue testing bringing primary-source content into the mix. Testing of the initial bento box design fo- those revisions programmatically. For exam- In one usability test a student could locate cused on discovery by categories, common to ple, the first iteration of the bento box, had drop images in DPLA on a challenging research bento box designs in other libraries — books, down menus allowing the user to add various topic. O’Connell said those results were great articles, and LibGuides — to determine which boxes, such as material type, databases from because “we want them to discover resources of these categories Smith users found helpful. a list, or third party platforms like New York they never would have found.” One surprising result was how poorly Lib- Times or Getty Images. In this initial design An important part of the testing revolved Guides tested with students: of all students the dropdowns were towards the top of the around the language and terminology used in tested, not one could explain what LibGuides screen and the team observed that users did not the display. O’Connell said, “The tricky part were. Librarians at Smith immediately notice or use them. So, they revised the page was getting the wording right so students click recognized that if students didn’t understand to put all that information in one spot and then continued on page 74

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 73 Wandering the Web — Backpacking, Hiking, Trekking, and Running on Trails in the United States by Joseph Shankweiler (Assistant Professor, Special Collections Catalog Librarian, Western Kentucky University Libraries) Column Editor: Jack G. Montgomery (Professor, Coordinator, Collection Services, Western Kentucky University Libraries)

s outdoor sports activities continue to experience. The home page also provides trail runners of all levels of experience and grow in popularity, two areas that have information on advocacy, preservation, and skill. The site features sections with tips on Aseen some of the most growth in recent volunteer options. how to get started in the sport, as well as infor- years are trail hiking and running. According http://www.hikingbeginner.com/ — This mation on how to help preserve and maintain to a 2017 study by outdoorindustry.org, “run- site is dedicated entirely to new hikers. With trails. The website also maintains lists of ning, including jogging and trail running, was sections on equipment, hiking etiquette, running organizations and clubs, magazines the most popular activity among Americans safety and first aid — as well as information and blogs (with links), and also provides a when measured by both number of partici- on using a compass and gps, and exercises & community event calendar where users can post pants and by number of total annual outings.” techniques — it is an extensive go-to guide for race dates and signup links for events around Additionally, hiking has continued to remain beginner and intermediate hikers. The site also the world ranging in distance from 1 kilometer one of the most popular outdoor sports in the provides links to additional reading materials to 100+ mile ultramarathons. United States. The following resources have and resources on the subject. http://trailrunnermag.com/ — Trail Run- been selected with beginner and intermediate ner Magazine is a valuable source of both http://www.backpacking.net/beginner. hikers and trail runners in mind. information and entertainment for trail running html — The Beginner Backpacker is an ex- enthusiasts. The site regularly features training Hiking, Backpacking, Trekking. cellent resource for families and those with tips and plans, gear reviews, recipes, nutrition https://americanhiking.org/gear- younger children. Provides a lot of practical and hydration tips, as well as news about major resources/tips-for-your-next-hike/ — and pragmatic advice with strong emphasis on trail races and feature articles on professional American Hiking provides information on safety and preparedness, including sections on and amateur runners from around the globe. virtually every aspect of hiking, trekking, “Hiking with Children” and “Common Sense” and camping. This page links to previously basics. Also includes a “Recommended Read- https://www.rei.com/learn/expert-advice/ published American Hiking Society articles, ing” list for further reading. trail-running-basics.html — Sponsored by fact sheets, and check lists which are well REI, this site gives the basics for those new to curated and organized into categories such as Trail Running trail running, including tips on choosing shoes Outdoor Skills, Gear, and Safety & First Aid... https://trailrunner.com/resources/ — The that fit properly, first aid, and basic training etc. A must visit for those new to the outdoors, official website of theAmerican Trail Running guidelines. While no means exhaustive, this and equally beneficial for those with years of Association, this is a comprehensive site for continued on page 75

Finding patterns in the analytics of search- students are leveraging the bento box or going Library Analytics ... ing will allow librarians to apply those findings right into database searching. He also said from page 73 to the bento box. In the future, they can build that authentication data could be valuable to and deploy customized bento boxes for search explore, but because privacy is paramount for on an option because they understand what they terms as they are utilized to help the user start in Smith College most of these direct analytics will be getting.” He went on to say that there the direction they really want to move towards about type of user and authentication are not were multiple sessions dedicated to testing this in their discovery process. O’Connell said all possible. Smith has considerable success with aspect of the design posing questions such as, of these customized search options become what he called “guerrilla testing.” By setting “does this make sense?” or “do you under- possible and scalable at the institutional level up a testing station in the student center or stand what is meant by Narrow by Subject?” because they can harvest data across their APIs, other spots on campus, librarians can capture The real analytical aspect of this research Google Analytics and other data points. The students in various majors as well as students and redesign was not so much in the initial draft Smith team knows that it does not have to be who log in rather than come to the library. or redesign, but to see how search patterns and at scale to start, just a few patterns emerging The goal is ultimately to build a dynam- user behaviors develop or change over time can lead to incremental changes and the further ic search interface that will serve as both a and using that knowledge to inform decisions refinement of data collection. For example, starting point for initial research as well as on what boxes should be on the screen in the they have plans to build a large database of support customized advanced research. At future. For example, Smith is tracking how how subjects are connected based on their Smith College, analytics are not collected to users are customizing the bento box feature that search patterns and can track how those are help the organization prove their worth to the allows them to add or drop boxes from their added or removed from the bento box based institution. While O’Connell concedes that displays. Testing shows that a significant num- on user behavior. many institutions need to collect data to prove ber of students are adding a box for journals When asked what they would measure if their worth, Smith College Libraries are well but not using the existing box for videos. Such they could, O’Connell said it would be helpful supported by the institution allowing staff the trends might lead librarians to swap out videos to track usage by undergraduates, graduate flexibility to collect data to understand what for journals on the main search page in the students and faculty to determine where they they can do better and engage in an iterative future. The Smith team’s goal is to understand are starting their research and what are the development process based on observation and learn from user behavior and incorporate successes and challenges for each group. He’d that will continue to benefit students and the changes iteratively rather than force radical like to know how faculty are using the interface libraries. redesign changes all at once. compared to students and whether graduate

74 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 arate categories and occasionally tuitive and budget brands are often Wandering the Web yield different results. not reviewed. Nevertheless an from page 74 excellent source for product reviews First-Aid by professionals and athletes with site serves as an excellent starting point for As safety and preparedness experience. those new to the sport. are integral components to https://runnersconnect.net/ — Provides outdoor sports like hiking and Apps resources for runners of all experience levels. trail running, several of the The following apps are Android Features blogs and regular podcasts, training resources already listed in other and iPhone friendly and generally work plans, free books and courses, also includes sections contain valuable tips and with most newer smart phones that have tips for nutrition and race day strategy advice. information about first aid and trail gps capability. Membership is free, though users must sign safety. The following are two additional first http://www.mapmyhike.com/ and http:// up and create a login to access content. Ad- aid supply checklists. www.mapmyrun.com/ — Users can map their ditional content is available via premium paid http://www.wta.org/go-outside/basics/like- route in advance, log food and nutrition, track subscription. your-life-depends-on-it-building-your-first- stats such as pace, distance, calorie burn, ele- http://www.rrca.org/ — Road Runners aid-kit — The Washington Trails Association vation gain. Interfaces easily with other health Club of America provides networks and supply checklist is an extensive list of first-aid apps such as Apple Health to keep track of steps valuable resources for runners of all skill supplies for extended hikes and excursions. and other fitness data. Both apps also feature a gear tracker which lets users track hiking boot levels. Local chapters exist in towns and https://sectionhiker.com/diy-first-aid-kit/ or shoe mileage. cities throughout the United States and are an — This “ultralight” checklist takes a minimalist excellent way to meet other trail, cross-country, approach to backpacking, including only what www.runkeeper.com — Similar to map- and road runners in your local area. Local the author considers first-aid essentials for a myrun, but designed specifically for running, chapters are also an excellent way to hear about 3-day trip. allows users to map out runs in advance, track upcoming races and events as well. fitness progress, and performance statistics. Trails and Maps Equipment Reviews www.Strava.com — Useful for running, https://www.nps.gov/index.htm — The http://www.trailspace.com/ — Search- hiking and cycling. Tracks performance by National Park Service lists national parks able reviews on hiking, climbing, camping, keeping track of each time a similar route is by state providing a link to each park with running, boating, ski gear… etc. Powered by repeated and mapping progress with valuable information about local attractions, hiking, user reviews, anyone can submit a product statistics such as pace, cadence, duration. Has camping, lodging, sightseeing and tourist review along with pics and explanation of their a powerful social networking component which attractions, as well as maps and directions to experience and why they would or would not allows users to compare their performance with national park trails. recommend it. Reviews include pricing infor- one another. Also features a gear tracker which mation and links to multiple vendors known to alerts the user of when it’s time to replace http://www.americantrails.org/resources/ carry the items. statetrails/index.html — American Trails their shoes. provides a searchable database of national https://www.outdoorgearlab.com/ — Re- https://www.alltrails.com/ — Helps users recreation, historic, and scenic trails in the U.S. views by professionals of outdoor gear for locate trails closest to them, provides driving Information is organized by state and, within trails, camping, boating, cycling, and travel. directions to the trails and community reviews, those results, by trail type. Reviews are compiled in a “Best of…” format and allows users to download topographic https://www.trails.com/ — Features search- (ex. Best Women’s Hiking Boots of 2017). maps for most trails and backcountry regions. able maps and routes. Browse-able by activity/ Each review uses an elaborate rating system http://www.sassurvivalguide.com/ — The sport and organized by state. Hiking trails are that also takes into account price vs. perceived app is based on the best-selling book SAS also sorted by user rating, skill level, distance, value and concludes with a “Buying Advice” Survival Guide Handbook by John “Lofty” and whether or not they are animal or child section. Wiseman. It includes image galleries of friendly. *Search tip: when browsing by http://www.gearinstitute.com/ — In depth animal tracks, knots, edible, medicinal, and activity, users should search similar activities and thorough reviews of outdoor sports gear poisonous plants and a survival checklist. It for additional results. For instance walking, by professionals. Reviews cover most major also has the ability to type and convert mes- hiking, and trail running are listed under sep- brands, though searching is not the most in- sages into a Morse code signaling device.

literature, science, and technology; David J. This is a quirky which Leah just posted Rumors Skal, historian and writer on horror literature on the ATG NewsChannel. How cool! from page 70 and film and author of The Monster Show: A Garbage collectors in Ankara, Turkey Cultural History of Horror; and Sara Karloff, browse for books at a library made up are particularly excited to welcome a group the daughter of film’s most famous portrayer entirely of abandoned books. http://www. of Japanese dealers, who are exhibiting at our of Frankenstein’s monster. Discovery Day cnn.com/2018/01/15/europe/garbage-collec- Book Fair for the first time.” This weekend on Sunday lets attendees present three items tors-open-library-with-abandoned-books/ extravaganza of books will also include talks to experts for free examination. Designed index.html and seminars including a session on the basics with the budding collector in mind, Book Fair Just off the press via Matthew mail! “Ar- of collecting. Two sessions on Saturday will Finds is a program in which dealers spotlight be devoted to Frankenstein. Professor of Com- end Kuester will be joining Springer Nature items priced at $100 or less. The Book Fair in March and will be working in the Open munication at Simmons College, and professor takes place at the Pasadena Convention Center of Library and Information Science at Sim- Research Group with the responsibility for at 300 East Green Street, Pasadena, CA. I am Greater China — based in Shanghai.” Mat- mons and at the University of Illinois, Sidney ready to go, are you? Berger will discuss the character in visual thew and I think this is fascinating! culture. Los Angeles Times film criticKenneth A little bit of trivia, the very first Charles- The Association of American University Turan moderates It’s Alive: How Mary Shelley’s ton Conference was associated with the Presses (AAUP) is pleased to announce a Frankenstein Changed the World with panel- College of Charleston’s Special Collections name change to the Association of University ists Miranda Butler, scholar of 19th Century Antiquarian Book Fair!! You read it here! continued on page 78

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 75 Let’s Get Technical — All Hands-on Deck: Collaborating Across Library Units to Tackle Streaming Media Ordering by Mary Wahl (Technical Services Librarian, Pasadena City College) Column Editors: Stacey Marien (Acquisitions Librarian, American University Library) and Alayne Mundt (Resource Description Librarian, American University Library)

Column Editor Note: In this issue’s column, we feature the story of Brainstorming Sessions one library trying to determine the best way to manage the purchasing of When the committee first began to meet, we didn’t quite know the streaming video. Mary Wahl, Technical Services Librarian, Pasadena extent of all the challenges we were dealing with, and so our first meeting City College, describes the positive experience she had at California was primarily spent with each team member sharing the difficulties of State University, Northridge with working on a committee to develop working with streaming media. For instance, the acquisitions unit was a better workflow for the purchasing of streaming media. —SM & AM up against finding streaming licenses that may or may not exist on the market (a process that often feels like chasing a moving target); the Music nyone who has worked with collection development and ac- & Media department was up against high expectations of faculty who quisition of streaming media knows that managing the format presumed that requesting a streaming title simply involved clicking a Adoesn’t fit squarely into one library unit, let alone a single staff button to “turn on” content. Interestingly, upon sharing the challenges we role. The format demands a myriad of requirements to work with it, were each facing, we could see that there was overlap in many areas. For ranging from technological know-how to time and patience for hunting example, both the collection developers and the acquisitions unit needed down rights holders with hope of negotiating streaming permissions. to know if captions were included in titles being purchased (collection The Oviatt Library at California State University, Northridge has developers so that they could inform their faculty in case a captioning been collecting streaming media since about 2010, with a mix of licensed request would be needed, acquisitions so that the library wasn’t agreeing and purchased single titles and large vendor-curated collections. Much to overly-restrictive licenses that forbade such modifications). Detailed of the streaming media has been added per faculty request for specific notes were taken by the author at this first meeting and shared out; the titles and content matter, and by 2014 requests were coming in fast and “big picture” of what we needed to solve was thus set. many. Unfortunately, the uniqueness of working with the format was Our second and third meetings were whiteboarding sessions. For causing a bottleneck with ordering. The biggest obstacle: we needed a each of the issues brought up in the first meeting, the committee dis- new workflow for dealing with streaming media. cussed what data was needed and where that information came from, In September 2014, library administration took note and called for thus forming an extensive list of questions. For example, most team a Streaming Video Decision Tree Committee to be formed to create a members needed to know when a specific title was needed by (for rea- workflow for media ordering. Two key outcomes emerged from the sons ranging from media funds not being available 12 months a year, to committee. First, excitingly, was a new workflow in the form of a deci- titles requiring “self-hosting” and needing extra time to set up), and this sion tree. This workflow is in place today with occasional adjustments. information comes directly from the faculty member making the request. Second (and equally exciting to the author) was the accomplishment of It was during these whiteboarding sessions that the team realized that solid teamwork and collaboration of library staff with varying exper- many of the challenges streaming media produced for the library fell tise and backgrounds when it came to media collections. Even now, a into six categories: purpose, genre/content, medium & format options, couple years later, committee members speak highly of the experience licensing terms, delivery mode & options, and costs & funding. and have considered performing the work again for other challenging The committee’s next meeting took a hands-on method: we took each formats collected by the library. Following are a few elements that of the questions gathered in the previous session and printed them onto contributed to our collaboration in developing a decision tree workflow single pieces of paper, spread the collection of questions across a table, for purchasing streaming media. and put the questions in order of which needed to be resolved before “Buy In” from Stakeholders moving on to other questions. With this activity, the team excitedly had First, one of the key advantages to the team’s success was that the the beginning framework for a workflow. decision tree project had deep support from many units across the library. Meetings were 120 minutes in length and held about twice a month. Library executive management was a primary stakeholder and provided Momentum between meetings was kept by asking team members to the team with its official charge. Executive management also provided assess meeting notes (both those taken by the author/team leader and valuable input to final drafts of the decision tree. Additionally, the library those captured in photos of the whiteboards), and by team members had many staff members whose work would likely benefit greatly from having a great deal of buy-in to accomplish the task at hand. the project. For instance, the Music & Media department was contending with figuring out the various pieces of information needed for requested Workflow Tools (Some Hits, Some Misses) content before forwarding on to the acquisition unit; librarians with Following the whiteboarding and paper cut-outs sessions, our team liaison duties were facing the challenge of there not being a singular was ready to start placing a workflow into fixed form. Unfortunately, method to request new video content for the library. Challenges such as most of us admittedly did not have much experience in drawing out a these were to be addressed as part of the committee’s work, which led to workflow or decision tree chart, so we certainly had some homework to do a strong interest across much of the library for this project to succeed. first. A couple resources stand out as having been useful. First, though not It was also invaluable for the committee to have representation from specific to media, the bookElectronic Resource Management Systems: A a mix of units across the library. Our team comprised of five members Workflow Approach provided a helpful overview to workflow analyses 1 holding the following roles: Collection Development Coordinator; for other electronic collections. Second, the author found the “common Music & Media Librarian; Music & Media Supervisor; Acquisitions shapes” section of the Flowchart article on Wikipedia to be handy in 2 Specialist; and the author, Digital Services Librarian (and a cataloger), providing an overview of decision tree symbols and their meanings. who would also take the lead in coordinating the group’s work. Members When it came to software and tools for expressing the workflow, the came from both public and technical services units, and two members team considered a couple applications such as Prezi and Visio before were also on the library’s Copyright Team, which came in handy for settling on Word. (Visio would have been useful, but the team did not discussions of licensing terms. continued on page 78 76 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Don’s Conference Notes by Donald T. Hawkins (Freelance Conference Blogger and Editor) Racing to the Crossroads: The 32nd Annual the Ebola virus. As part of these efforts, he spoke at length about FAIR (Findable, NASIG Conference Accessible, Interoperable, Re-usable) data principles, and articulated his belief that libraries Guest Columnist: Steve Oberg (Group Leader for Resource have a critical role to play. In his mind, FAIR principles should apply Description and Digital Initiatives, Wheaton College, and to all digital resources including software, scholarly publications, etc., NASIG President) not just data. He also spoke about the value of semantic publishing: ways to communicate and re-use publications (data, citations, and text) dynamic theme of “Racing to the Crossroads” set the stage for at will and as a norm. There were several questions from the audience NASIG’s 32nd Annual Conference and was entirely appropriate but one that particularly interested me was whether the thesis text of Agiven the location in Indianapolis, IN, home of the world-famous scholarly articles themselves could also be re-used somehow, and Du- Indianapolis 500 and known as the “Crossroads of America.” Meeting montier responded by talking about the development of argumentation from June 8-11, this annual conference was a stellar venue for interesting networks. It was fascinating, and I had the strongest sense that we were and innovative presentations and discussions about issues of importance getting a glimpse into the future of scholarly communication — except for us all: data science and management, best practices for e-resources that it is happening right now! accessibility, core competencies for e-resources librarianship (as a side April Hathcock, Scholarly Communications Librarian at New note, NASIG wrote a highly regarded core competencies document, York University, was the second Vision Session Speaker. Her ses- 1 published a few years ago), how to successfully collaborate with vendor sion, titled “Racing to the Crossroads of Scholarly Communication colleagues to launch new services or programs, scholarly communi- (But Who Are We Leaving Behind),” was an eloquent plea for us to cations issues such as working with and promoting Open Educational consider who is being left behind, where are we racing to, and what Resources, and much more. are our core values. She began her presentation requesting a minute NASIG’s programming continued to impress with its combination of silence to honor Native Americans whose land we occupied. Ha- of stimulating and thought-provoking Vision Sessions (one held each thcock stated that we can’t have intellectual freedom without access, morning of the event), concurrent sessions, a well-attended Vendor Expo, and open access is a key to possibly bringing about an equal playing a Great Ideas Showcase, Snapshot Sessions, and Vendor Lightning Talks. field, but we need to be intentional about it. We also need to bring A new and interesting program element, Student Snapshot Sessions, was voices from the margins into the scholarly communication system. added to the program to provide an opportunity for student attendees One of the more arresting slides she showed us to illustrate her con- to get their feet wet by presenting at a professional cerns featured a graph showing the preponderance conference in a welcoming atmosphere; they were of North American and European scholarly output very well received.2 represented in the Web of Science, whereas voices At the Indianapolis conference NASIG also suc- from areas such as Latin America and Asia are under- cessfully launched its student mentoring initiative, represented. She noted some efforts that are attempts which pairs experienced librarians with students for a to redress the imbalance, for example, a Mellon grant year, giving students the benefit of mentors to guide that was given to the University of Arizona Press them as they explore their courses and firm up their to provide open access to indigenous studies books. career objectives. In other words, NASIG builds on its I was particularly struck by her statement: “What’s biggest strength: fostering and extending relationships, the point of coming to the intersection if we find thus creating an engaged and supportive community of the same faces are there with us that were there at people interested in the distribution, acquisition, and the beginning, and we have all come from the same long-term accessibility of information resources in all places?” She encouraged the audience to explore formats and business models (to quote directly from detours on the way to the intersection or crossroads. its vision statement). Those who have past experience Hathcock also highlighted the work of FORCE11 with managing serials (think of title changes, a journal (https://www.force11.org), which bills itself as “The that has various supplements, etc.) will recognize how Future of Research Communications and e-Scholar- natural this relationship fits with what NASIG has ship,” noting how it is actively engaged in issues of been and is continuing to do so well, but not limited Steve Oberg representation, intersectionality, diversity, and more. to serials. Rather, NASIG is actively engaged in best practices for The final Vision Session was presented byDr. Carol Tilley, Asso- managing e-resources of all types as well as broad issues of scholarly ciate Professor in the School of Information Sciences at the University communications. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. A noted scholar on the history of This push into broader areas was illustrated by the opening Vision comics whose research has been highlighted in the New York Times Session speaker, Dr. Michel Dumontier of Maastricht University in and elsewhere, Tilley spoke passionately about the rightful place for the Netherlands, who spoke on “Advancing Discovery Science with comics as a vital part of our intellectual and cultural history, a place FAIR Data Stewardship.” Dumontier began his talk by highlighting that has too often and too frequently been in doubt. She walked us problems with reproducibility of research findings. He said that, for through the somewhat sordid history of anti-comics crusades in the example, fully 64% of research in psychology cannot be replicated. 1950s and 1960s led by Fredric Wertham, which resulted in the Why? Because science is hard, statistics aren’t sufficient for the kinds formation of the Comics Code Authority, an industry-based initiative of data being collected, biology is unruly, and medicine is very complex. to screen and censor comic books published in the U.S. according to He argued that we need new ways to think about discovery science (in certain standards. She noted that this effort lasted into the 21st century. his talk, “discovery science” meant drug discovery), and our current (Wertham, the crusader against comics, published his findings in the approaches aren’t good enough to validate research studies. He therefore 1954 book, Seduction of the Innocent, which was highly influential argued that we need to figure out ways to use data sets to increase con- in shaping people’s perspectives on the role and value of comics in fidence in a particular hypothesis by means of meta-analysis. Dumon - society.) Tilley’s research conclusively revealed huge problems with tier’s research efforts are focused on building a massive, decentralized Wertham’s findings, much of which was fabricated or overstated. As knowledge graph built on independent data sets, called Bio2RDF. With a result of anti-comics crusading, this important form of publication this kind of tool, we can better understand and more quickly figure became less popular over time and was not held in high esteem by out the best ways to fight new problems such as the sudden spread of continued on page 78

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 77 Don’s Conference Notes Donald T. Hawkins is an information industry freelance writer based from page 77 in Pennsylvania. In addition to blogging and writing about conferences for Against the Grain, he blogs the Computers in Libraries and Internet cultural institutions including libraries until relatively recently. Tilley Librarian conferences for Information Today, Inc. (ITI) and maintains highlighted a seminal article published in Serials Review in 1998 by the Conference Calendar on the ITI Website (http://www.infotoday. Michael Lavin on “Comic books and graphic novels for libraries: com/calendar.asp). He is the Editor of Personal Archiving: Preserv- What to buy”3 as an important contribution to the growing interest in comics collections and the study of comics. She noted with satisfaction ing Our Digital Heritage, (Information Today, 2013) and Co-Editor of that interest in this genre continues to grow. One of Tilley’s slides Public Knowledge: Access and Benefits (Information Today, 2016). stated, “Most important: comics tell stories and communicate ideas, He holds a Ph.D. degree from the University of California, Berkeley often in emotionally evocative and cognitively efficient ways,” which and has worked in the online information industry for over 45 years. summed the situation up rather well. Admittedly, as its current president I am biased, but I think NASIG Endnotes represents one of the best professional development opportunities 1. http://www.nasig.org/site_page.cfm?pk_association_webpage_ available and at a lower cost than similar organizations and confer- menu=310&pk_association_webpage=7802 ence events. I encourage readers to consider attending next year’s 2 NASIG has always made a point of supporting and encouraging conference in Atlanta which will feature the theme, “Transforming the students into the library profession, awarding several student grants and Information Community.” Remember, too, that NASIG is more than scholarships each year. Full disclosure: I was a recipient of a NASIG a conference. As one example, it is an active participant in important student grant back in 1991 and it was my entrée into the profession. My standards development as an organizational member of NISO and experience back then had such a strong impact on me that NASIG has Project COUNTER. NASIG’s non-profit status is also noteworthy. been my professional home ever since. More recently, the NASIG Ex- ecutive Board voted to provide free membership to all currently enrolled Whether you want to attend a conference or participate as a volunteer LIS students, and as a result, we have welcomed many new members on a committee, you are all invited to become part of the engaged and into the work of NASIG, including opportunities to serve on committees, supportive NASIG community! which gives students relevant experience that helps their résumés stand out when they are searching for their first professional jobs. 3 Lavin, Michael R. “Comic Books and Graphic Novels for Librar- Steve Oberg is Assistant Professor of Library Science and Group ies: What to Buy.” Serials Review 24, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 31–45. Leader for Resource Description and Digital Initiatives at Wheaton doi:10.1016/S0098-7913(99)80117-8 College, Wheaton, IL and current President of NASIG.

semesters. With small adjustments, the committee’s work was approved Let’s Get Technical by library administration January 2015, which left just enough time from page 76 for a few test runs before the spring semester began. During one of our last committee meetings, the team took several test scenarios and have access to a copy of it and did not seek out its purchase because our walked through the workflow together, step-by-step. Satisfied with project was short-term.) With Word being installed on most workstations the outcomes, our team implemented the workflow in full earnest in in the library, the team decided to use the application and flesh out each February 2015. of our six categories of the decision tree (purpose, genre/content, medium & format options, licensing terms, delivery mode & options, and costs & Conclusion funding) within a single page. The main drawback to using Word was Two years later, the work completed by the Streaming Video Deci- that manual copying/pasting of shapes and arrows was required. How- sion Tree Committee still has a meaningful impact on our library. For ever, the Word files were easy to share and edit among team members, instance, the workflow we designed remains in place with occasional each of us were already very familiar with using the application, and it adjustments. Additionally, whenever a more challenging video request was easy to print and share the workflow with stakeholders. comes in that doesn’t fit squarely into our decision tree steps, the team is able to reconvene and determine an approach in the same collaborative Deadlines & Test Runs manner as when we first began meeting. In this way, the committee is Having a firm deadline to produce a draft decision tree by December pleased with its continuing efforts in teamwork. 2014 to library executive management was the primary driving force behind completing the workflow in a timely manner, and the committee used this as motivation for keeping strong momentum. With this deadline in mind, as well as the interest and support of many staff and library Endnotes units, the committee delivered a multi-page decision tree workflow to 1. Anderson, Elsa. Electronic Resource Management Systems: A Work- executive management before the 2014 holiday break. flow Approach. Chicago, Illinois: ALA TechSource, 2014. Of course, being on an academic campus meant that a change such 2. “Flowchart.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowchart as implementing a new workflow would be best to take place in between

tion voted in June to undertake this name change, as part of a strategic Rumors assessment of the organization’s identity, mission, and goals. The new from page 75 logo and visual identity that are revealed today are vibrant expressions of the Association. The original 1921 proposal to establish the organization Presses (AUPresses), effective immediately. AUPresses is an organi- suggested the name “Association of University Presses” although it was zation of 143 international nonprofit scholarly publishers. Since 1937, eventually founded as the Association of American University Presses the Association of University Presses advances the essential role of a in 1937. “What was once considered the ‘American university press’ global community of publishers whose mission is to ensure academic model of editorial independence and rigor is a type of publishing that excellence and cultivate knowledge. The membership of the Associa- continued on page 92

78 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 ATG PROFILES ENCOURAGED

he first batch of people profiles in this issue recognize ATG screening a film, or welcoming them to the library with snacks during the Media’s 2017 Up and Comers. Who exactly is an “Up and first week of the semester. I document many of my information literacy TComer,” you ask? They are librarians, library staff, vendors, instruction pedagogies and experiments in the library literature, as I have publishers, MLIS students, instructors, consultants, and researchers benefited greatly from the scholarship of other academic librarians and who are new to their field or are in the early years of the profession. Up wish to share my own successes and learning experiences. and Comers are passionate about the future of libraries – they innovate, inspire, collaborate, and take risks. They are future library leaders and Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: One goal I change makers, and they all have one thing in common – they deserve have is if possible I would like to create, teach, and share a one credit to be celebrated. semester long information literacy skills class to first year students. The In addition to having their profiles appear in this issue, they will be course would be designed around the six frames in the ACRL Framework featured in a series of scheduled podcast interviews that will be posted for Information Literacy for Higher Education, and would critically engage on the ATGthePodcast.com website as well. The award winners were first year students with the many facets of college level research during also recognized at the Charleston Conference First Time Attendee their first semester on campus. Reception in November. ATG Media would like to thank Erin Gallagher (Director of Col- Where do I see the industry in five years: I’ll focus on my lection Services, Reed College Library, ) for all part of the library world for this one! As a First Year Success Librarian, her work with organizing the nominations and gathering the profiles from I hope to see the continued proliferation of this position that focuses on the 2017 Up and Comers. Congratulations to all who were nominated. helping this vulnerable sector of the college population. According to U.S. News and World Report, one in three first year students will not return for their sophomore year. Librarians in a dedicated first year role can Katelyn (Kate) Angell greatly assist students in bridging the high school to college transition First Year Success Librarian/Assistant Professor by teaching them key educational and critical thinking skills. I’d also like Long Island University, Brooklyn Campus to see the emergence of a public services position centered on helping 1 University Plaza, 3rd Floor LLC graduate students. Patrons in this demographic can be more difficult Brooklyn, NY 11201 to reach than undergraduates, as I’d venture to claim that on average Phone: (718) 488-1315 they have more employment and family commitments, leaving them with less time to visit their library and receive research assistance. A posi- https://katelynangell.com/ tion focused on advanced information skills instruction and outreach to graduate students and teaching faculty would be ideal, and it could span Born and lived: I was born and raised in Connecticut but have lived in Brooklyn since 2006. I love living in New York City! multiple degree programs. I also envision that librarians will teach many more information literacy sessions online for distance learners in the next What attracts you to a career in libraries: I was motivated five years, although I don’t have any experience with this format at this to become an academic librarian because I wanted to help teach college point in time. students the information literacy skills that they can use to meet their educational, professional, and recreational goals. They can in turn use these Charlie Bennett skills to better both themselves and their communities. Public Engagement Librarian Getting hired to work with the Professional career highlights: Georgia Tech Library excellent librarians of LIU Brooklyn, winning the American Library Associ- 266 4th Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30032-0900 ation (ALA) LIRT’s 2016 Jesse Shera Award for Distinguished Published Phone: (404) 385 0879 Research with my colleague Eamon Tewell, and being selected as an ALA Emerging Leader in 2014. charliebennett.org Kelly (wife), Mom, Dad, two sisters, brother-in-law, and Family/Pets: I was born in New York, NY, raised in Virginia just baby nephew. Born and lived: outside of DC, and moved to Atlanta, Georgia, to study at the Georgia In my spare time: Take long walks around NYC, classic Hollywood Institute of Technology. After earning degrees in Economics and Science, films, travel, ice hockey, and donuts. Technology, and Culture (STAC), I stayed with the school and became an Favorite books: Anything by Anaïs Nin, particularly her diaries; academic librarian at the Georgia Tech Library. I briefly lived in Boston Giovanni’s Room (James Baldwin); Feminist Theory: From Margin to Cen- during my “lost years” and miss the MTA almost every day. ter (bell hooks); The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (Gertrude Stein). What attracts you to a career in libraries: My joke answer Mentors/People who inspire me: Beth Evans (Associate Pro- has always been “inertia.” I became a librarian because I had put in so fessor/Reference and Instruction Librarian, Brooklyn College) and Kevin much time at the Georgia Tech Library that it seemed like the best career Rioux (Associate Professor, St. John’s University Division of Library and move, and I had put in so much time at the Georgia Tech Library because Information Science) served as wonderful mentors to me as a graduate it had been my student job, and then I kept working there after gradua- student and early career librarian. My family members are also major in- tion. The reason I stayed so long, however, was the eccentric joy of higher spirations to me. education: the variety of interests, learning strategies, and pedagogies delighted me. The change I hope to make in the profession: I wouldn’t say that it’s a change so much as a contribution to the profession. Since I Professional career highlights: I was thanked by name in a became a librarian I’ve always desired to partner with other educators and PhD dissertation and in a published critical study of American Southern campus departments to improve the overall student experience, whether literature due to my work at the library, and those two acknowledgements that be teaching fundamentals of academic research in the classroom, continued on page 80

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 79 Where do I see the industry in five years: I would like to ATG Profiles Encouraged see libraries work more towards actively participating in the creation and from page 79 curation of open educational resources. Not only do OERs offer multiple benefits to our patrons, but they may be able to offer a light at the end of are sources of great pride. In another realm of recognition, a student I the tunel of rapidly increasing resource costs and inflation. didn’t recognize bought me a shot of tequila in a blues bar because I was, in his words, “Library Man!” and he was happy to run into me outside of the Library itself. Finally, being selected to deliver a TEDx talk on libraries Anna Boutin-Cooper at TEDx Telfair Street in 2014 was a singularly frightening and rewarding Librarian for the School of Architecture + Planning achievement. MIT Libraries Rotch Library, 7-238, 77 Massachusetts Avenue Family/Pets: I live with my wife and our three children. We have five- year-old and three-year-old twins, please send help. Cambridge, MA 02139 Phone: (617) 324-6600 In my spare time: I listen to records and drink too much coffee. • Twitter: @librariahna Favorite books: A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O’Connor; www.linkedin.com/in/annaboutincooper Moby-Dick by Herman Melville; A Dance at the Slaughterhouse by Law- Manchester, NH. Currently, Cambridge, MA. rence Block. Born and lived: What attracts you to a career in libraries: Though I grew Mentors/People who inspire me: Crit Stuart (of Georgia Tech & up going to my own local public library every week, leaving with a stack ARL), Roman Mars (of Radiotopia), and PJ Harvey (of her own bad self). of books in tow, I was attracted to a career in libraries after my own expe- The change I hope to make in the profession: I want to en- rience working at my undergraduate library. I loved the community that I rich the public’s understanding of librarianship and archival practice, and was welcomed into, and I enjoyed answering the questions of my peers I want to help librarians and archvists resist demoralizing and minimizing – this passion for helping people was what initially drew me in. What has stereotypes. really cemented my career in libraries however, is the free, open access Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: My radio to information and resources that they provide to their communities and show Lost in the Stacks is also a podcast, and it has been downloaded the public. somewhere on every continent besides Antarctica – I’d like to be able to Professional career highlights: Former Metadata Specialist say “Downloaded on all seven continents!” I also want to publish a book for the Print Project at the Boston Public Library. Awardee, Kenneth R. sometime in the next five years. Schaffer Award, from the Simmons SLIS Faculty. Inductee, Beta Phi Mu Where do I see the industry in five years: If I’m optimistic, Honor Society. Treasurer for the ARLIS/NA New England Chapter. then I see us as a decentralized industry, deeply concerned with helping Family/Pets: Husband, Jordan. our patrons navigate the data-and-information glut and maintaining the In my spare time: Avid knitter, beginning seamstress, budding ceram- history and creative expression of local communities. If I’m pessimistic, icist, aspiring weaver. then I see our mission reduced in the public imagination to “free books” and then absorbed by Apple-Google-Facebook-Amazon-Microsoft. Favorite books: A Border Passage by Leila Ahmed. The Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri. The Textile Reader by Jessica Hemmings. Mentors/People who inspire me: Lareese Hall, Cynthia Fowler, Shaun Bennett Jarrett M. Drake, Angie Locknar, and my wonderful colleagues at MIT University Library Technician Libraries. North Carolina State University Libraries The change I hope to make in the profession: Advocating Raleigh, NC 27606 for students’ voices and needs, and modeling the library and its services Phone: (919) 515-3833 around them in ways that recognize the larger social and systemic issues at hand. I would also love to dismantle the business model in higher edu- Born and lived: Born in New Jersey, lived up and down the Eastern cation that has been slowly seeping its way into libraries. seaboard. Where do I see the industry in five years: In five years What attracts you to a career in libraries: The opportunity time, I hope to see a more compassionate, radically engaged industry to positively impact people from almost every walk of life, and the chance – one less focused on maintaining the status quo, and instead dedicat- to be part of fascinating and useful work which touches so many different ed to pushing back, questioning our processes, purchases, and the disciplines. boundaries of libraries themselves. I hope to see less of a focus on Professional career highlights: Working with Dr. Julie Mell journal packages, for instance, and more on the materials that make our at NC State on the digital Bayeux Tapestry, the Maeshowe Tomb, and on collections unique – like artists’ books, zines, and other non-traditional 3D printed burial artifacts was a definite highlight, especially seeing her publications. students engage with the material and get excited about both the history and the technology. Ethan Cutler Family/Pets: Two pugs (Mochi and Abbey) and three cats (Arya, San- Digital Strategist sa, and Melisandra). Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine Favorite books: Don Quixote, The Count of Monte Cristo, The Alche- my of Air, Origines Islandicae. Kalamazoo, MI 49008 Phone: (269) 337-6121 Hilary Davis at the NCSU Li- Mentors/People who inspire me: braries has been and continues to be a mentor and an inspiration to me. Her thoughtful approach to librarianship, and her ability to juggle the re- Born and lived: Born and raised in Southwest Michigan, fortunate to sponsibilities of managing budgets, people, and collections is remarkable. still be close to home. I cannot overstate the enormous positive impact she has had on my librar- What attracts you to a career in libraries: The challenges. ies career. continued on page 81

80 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Jenkins (Temple University), Elaine Westbrooks (UNC-Chapel Hill), DeEtta ATG Profiles Encouraged Jones, and Kathryn Deiss. I’m inspired constantly by the faculty, staff, from page 80 students, and community members that I work with. I want people Professional career highlights: Recently awarded a Technol- The change I hope to make in the profession: ogy Enhancement Award by NNLM/GMR. to be confident advocates for themselves and libraries. How we do things is, and should always be, evolving. I’d like us to embrace the cyclical na- Married to my beautiful wife Kelly, an elementary educator Family/Pets: ture of evaluation and change as a natural part of our continuous growth. and all around incredible human. Together we have a 4-month old Chesa- peake Bay Retriever named Ned. Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: I’d like to pass SciPop on to the next generation and be hard at work building another You can probably find me somewhere outside en- In my spare time: informal community of practice. joying the great outdoors. In order for aca- A Sand County Almanac by Aldo Leopold; American Where do I see the industry in five years: Favorite books: demic libraries to not just survive but thrive I think there will have to be a Buffalo by Steve Rinella; Yukon Ho! (Calvin & Hobbes) by Bill Watterson. shift in how we are marketed and funded. In five years we should be telling Mentors/People who inspire me: First and foremost, my family the story of how we enrich the current and future lives of our students, fac- has always inspired and supported me to chase after my goals – can’t say ulty, staff, and communities. We should also be working toward endowed thank you to them enough! Since starting my career I’ve also been very funding for shared resources. fortunate to have the support of many wonderful information professionals. All of my current and former colleagues back home in Kalamazoo, as well Hailley Fargo as all of the wonderful members of WMHSLA have been incredibly helpful and kind to me during my early career. Student Engagement Librarian Penn State University I believe (biasly) Where do I see the industry in five years: W328 Pattee Library, University Park, PA 16802 that the need for our professional skillsets is growing more relevant. When Phone: (814) 865-1850 I started my trajectory towards a career as an information professional undertones of uncertainty consistantly entered into conversations about http://hailleyfargo.com the future. For one reason or another, I don’t seem to encounter these anxieties with as much frequency as before. Keeping a positive outlook Born and lived: Born and raised in Mt. Horeb, Wisconsin. Mt. Horeb and rolling with the changes has been helpful during the start of my early is the trollway capital of the world and located only 20 minutes west of career. I might not know exactly where the industry will be in five years, but Madison. I look forward to being an active part of it. What attracts you to a career in libraries: Maybe it’s because I grew up in a small, hometown in Wisconsin, but I’ve always been Kiyomi Deards interested in communities and figuring out how people work together. As I Associate Professor / Science Librarian got older, I realized I like helping people get connected to one another and University of Nebraska-Lincoln University connecting them to other things like resources, groups, or events. What Libraries, N219 Love Library (13th & R St), keeps me going these days is the fact that every day is a little different, I’m P.O. Box 884100, Lincoln, NE 68588-4100 never bored, and the ways I get to work closely with students. Phone: (402) 472-9568 Professional career highlights: I attended graduate school at the University of Illinois and when I was graduating, I received the Kathryn http://unl.libguides.com/scipoptalks Luther & William T Henderson award. This was given for my work in the Born and lived: I was born in Tokyo, Japan. I lived in Hays, Kansas, community through professional activities. The cornerstone of this com- and Southern California. Currently located in Lincoln NE. munity work was my two years at the Urbana Neighborhood Connections Center (UNCC), an after-school center. During my time there, I taught What attracts you to a career in libraries: I want everyone to have the best possible experience and achieve their personal goals in digital literacy to elementary students and got to know the East Urbana life, librarianship is about facilitating that success. community. We ended up building a lot more than just computer labs and I’m thankful for UNCC for letting me into their community. Professional career highlights: The success of our SciPop programs has been amazing with over half a million views of our SciPop In the Spring 2017, the Penn State Libraries decided to change their ser- Reactions videos on YouTube in collaboration with the American Chemi- vice model and move to a peer-to-peer reference system. I helped lead a cal Society and Doane College (2015-present funded by the Camille and group that created the student position of Peer Research Consultant (PRC) Henry Dreyfus Special Grant Program in the Chemical Sciences) and over in the library and led the development of the PRC training. 3,300 attendees at our in-person events in 2017! As a past Assoication of Received a Penn State Schreyer Insitute for Teaching Excellence Teaching Research Libraries Diversity Scholar I’ve enjoyed giving back by working Grant to explore the used of Bird (https://www.muvinteractive.com/) tech- with mentoring and careers programs, currently I chair the Association of nology in one-shot instruction sessions. College and Research Libraries Dr. E.J. Josey Spectrum Mentor Commit- Recently, I became part of a team that launched The Librarian Parlor (aka tee. LibParlor), a blog for new and experienced LIS researchers. This blog Family/Pets: My husband who I met while working in an environmental aims to share experiences, provide tips and insight, and create an online testing laboratory in California, two adult kids, and a son-in-law. community of practice for doing research in LIS. In my spare time: I am a voracious reader of sci-fi and fantasy with In my spare time: I dabble in several hobbies including baking, biking, the occasional manga or regency mystery obsession. I also love food with blogging, practicing calligraphy, reading memoirs, and watching Brooklyn friends, green tea, spreadsheets and sustainability. 99 (among other TV shows). Anything by Diane Duane or Rhys Ford, especially Favorite books: Favorite books: Right now, I’ve got three favorites. Growing up Stealing the Elf-King’s Roses and Sinner’s Gin. (especially in middle and high school), I loved Flipped by Wendlin Van Mentors/People who inspire me: My mentors in order of when Draanen. Jane Eyre is probably my favorite book during college and This we met: Jodye Selco (Cal Poly Pomona), Mark Puente (ARL), Latanya N. continued on page 82

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 81 In my spare time: I collaborate with a few colleagues on Lost in the ATG Profiles Encouraged Stacks, a library rock ‘n’ roll radio show and podcast. Outside of work, I from page 81 love running and singing and watching old movies. is the Story of a Happy Marriage by Ann Patchett is probably my favorite Favorite books: Three books that made a strong impression on me book right now. as a young girl: The Princess and the Dragon by Audrey Wood, New and Selected Poems by Gary Soto, and A Room with a View by E. M. Forster (I I’ve been fortunate to have fan- Mentors/People who inspire me: still keep them all on my nightstand). tastic mentors throughout my library career including the children’s librarians at the Mt. Horeb Public Library, Nick Higgins, Sarah Ball, and Brigid Mentors/People who inspire me: I frequently look to The Long Calahan at the New York Public Library, Martin Wolske along with other Now (http://longnow.org/) for inspiration and love listening to their Semi- iSchool faculty and staff, the students and staff of the Urbana Neighboor- nars About Long-term Thinking. There are so many archivists and librari- hood Connections Center, and my Penn State colleagues. These people ans and technologists who inspire me that I cannot name just a few, but I all do incredible work and I’m fortunate to have been guided and encour- thank them all. aged by them. They’ve taught me all I know about community building The change I hope to make in the profession: (Apologies for and librarianship. the long-winded answer! Feel free to edit.) During one of the sessions at the International Conference on Digital Preservation a few years ago, The change I hope to make in the profession: As the Student Engagement Librarian, my focus is squarly on our students. The change I a prominent digital preservation leader remarked on how little practical hope to make is to continue to leverage their voices to guide decisions and progress they had observed in the field over the last ten years – that the policies, help them navigate the world of academia, help create change conversation in the session differed very little from conversations they had that impacts and benefits them, and show them how the library is a part of participated in a decade ago. This candid, and I think, very brave, remark their experience in college (and beyond). has stuck with me ever since. In the moment, I found it somewhat shock- ing and disillusioning, as an archivist a few years into my professional ca- Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: In five years, reer – that this field I had chosen and very much believed in, to which I was I hope I will have complied a dossier that will help me achieve tenure at prepared to dedicate my energy for the long-term in the hope that I might Penn State. But more importantly, beyond my dossier, I hope that my net- make a difference, could be based on an illusion, on plans that had not work will grow, encompassing colleagues who are doing interesting and and perhaps could not be brought to fruition. innovative things across the world. I hope that I will have been a part of In the months following the conference, my reaction to the remark trans- conversations that will spur new ideas, collaborative research, and mean- formed from shock into genuine anxiety, as I saw her statement enacted ingful services for undergraduate students. And I hope that I will continue and reflected in the library and archives profession at large. I saw excit- to be willing to try new things, learn from failture, and push beyond the ing projects emerge via grant funding and languish without sustainability status quo. resources and long-term community investment. I saw large institutions Where do I see the industry in five years: I know that in the with dozens of software developers soar quickly forward, while smaller next five years, things will continue to change in the library world. Technol- institutions struggled with the question of whether it was possible and ogy will grow, finding, evaluating, and using information will continue to be even strategic to try to recruit and retain IT staff at the salaries required a critical skill, and preserving our digital footprint will be important. I hope to compete with the private sector. I saw digital archivists begin to em- the library world embraces these changes, use a critical eye when making power themselves and fill resource gaps by teaching themselves technical decisions, and put our communities first in the work we do. skills that for some troubling reason were left out of graduate curricula – self-teaching that required significant, unsustainable privilege, such as Wendy Hagenmaier funds for training, time on the job and on weekends, supportive partners Digital Collections Archivist and families, endurance through repeated periods of burnout, etc. Like li- Georgia Institute of Technology braries as a whole in the digital age, the digital archives field seemed to be Georgia Tech Library, Clough Commons in some kind of painful adolescence, where it hadn’t yet figured out what 266 4th Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 its powers and its limitations were and how to make its dreams a reality. Phone: (404) 894-4579 I began to ask myself hard questions: is this really progress? Is this at all sustainable? Is this inclusive? If I continue on this path, in this profession, http://www.library.gatech.edu/archives/ and will I ever be able to fuel concrete progress, and if not, why should I stay http://retrotech.library.gatech.edu/ here? Born and lived: Born in New Jersey, grew up in California, stopped in But just when I might have felt most pessimistic about the profession, and Texas for grad school, and now living in Georgia. without consciously looking for them, I began to recognize and participate in moments of genuine change, of small actions that were moving forward The community. What attracts you to a career in libraries: in a concrete way. The 87 volunteers for the Society of American Archi- I love the culture of open innovation fostered by the library and archives vists Issues and Advocacy Section Research Teams and the work they community. I feel so lucky to have the chance to collaborate in person accomplished together. The born-digital access bootcamp project, which and virtually with inspiring, generous colleagues from Atlanta and all over grew out of a hackfest at the Society of American Archivists conference in the country. 2015, which arose out of amazing friendships cultivated with grad school Professional career highlights: I’m the Digital Collections Ar- colleagues. The conversations and productive critiques about inclusion chivist at Georgia Tech in Atlanta, where I work on policies and workflows that have emerged across the profession. I started to see that change for digital preservation and access and manage our retroTECH program. could come from an action as simple as setting up a Google Doc template I’m currently president of the Society of Georgia Archivists and a member to make collaborative work easier, calling a colleague from the Regional of the Society of American Archivists’ Committee on Public Policy. I re- Archival Associations Consortium, sending a calendar invite for a monthly ceived my MSIS from UT Austin, where I worked at the Briscoe Center for meeting, not shying away from an important but perhaps painful conversa- American History and volunteered at the Harry Ransom Center. tion. We were making progress.

Family/Pets: Two cats, Couplet (a tuxedo) and Casablanca (a tortie). continued on page 83

82 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 I also had the opportunity to teach a Library Juice Academy Course on ATG Profiles Encouraged Open Educational Resources (OER) in Spring 2017. This was also a high- from page 82 light for me, not only because it confirmed the expertise that I have developed in OER, but also because the course was an incredibly fulfilling and I am still asking myself the hard questions, and I imagine I always will be. enlightening experience. I learned a lot from my students, who came from But I have decided two things: one, that I don’t want to work in a profession a variety of institutions and contexts, and I was reminded of why I love to handicapped by inertia and resource scarcity, that spends entire decades teach. It is a privilege to play even a small role in students’ growth, ques- having the same conversations and making the same plans. And two, that tioning, and learning. You can find more information about the course, I want to be an archivist. And so I aspire to become an archivist who takes which is being offered again in January 2018, at http://libraryjuiceacade- action, leads innovation, and collaborates on new models. And I hope that my.com/147-oer.php. might be enough, someday, to create concrete change in the profession. Family/Pets: My family includes my partner, Seth, and my dog, Wrigley. Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: Become an empathic and efficient manager of people, in addition to projects; Mentor Favorite books: Some favorites from last year Redefining Realness emerging archivists and work to create more opportunities for students of by Janet Mock, Kindred by Octavia Butler, and The Bluest Eye by Toni color to thrive in the archives profession; Engage in conversations and col- Morrison. I’ve been reading more poetry lately and I always enjoy reading laborations with archivists, librarians, and technologists from other coun- memoirs. tries; And continue to fall in love with my work. Mentors/People who inspire me: I wouldn’t be a librarian if it weren’t for those who have selflessly and generously invested time and Speaking about Where do I see the industry in five years: energy into mentoring me, including Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe, Piper Martin, archives, in particular, because they are what I know best at the moment and several other librarians at the University of Illinois and Wright State – I imagine that there will be an increasing emphasis on linked open data, University. I was also fortunate to have a brilliant cohort at Illinois and peer-to-peer and distributed solutions, interoperability and modularity, my peers continue to mentor me in small and large ways that continually personal archives and individual agency, mobile and wearable records, shape who I am as a librarian and a person. emotional connection to the digital. And I hope that by then we will have asked hard questions, had productive conversations, and made concrete I have been thinking a lot lately about librarians who inspire me, people change towards sustainability in many senses – sustainability of open I want to emulate, and professional philosophies that align with my own. source communities and technological infrastructure; sustainability of the I think I’ve realized that the people that inspire me the most are library servers and facilities that house our archives; sustainability of education professionals that see our work as communal instead of individual. These and labor in the archives field; sustainability of grassroots citizen archives; librarians prioritize and even center giving back to the profession, they lift sustainability of funding sources and long-term value propositions. And I up other (often less-known) voices, and they live the values they claim to think archives and archivists will be more important than ever. espouse. No one is perfect at this and I’m certainly a work in progress, but I find myself wanting to become more like my colleagues who truly find joy in making opportunities for others, even when it’s difficult or inconvenient. Sarah Hare (formerly Sarah Crissinger) I hope to use Scholarly Communication Librarian The change I hope to make in the profession: what privilege I have to help others develop to be the best that they can be. Indiana University Herman B Wells Library 241D Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: I just started a 1320 E. 10th St. Bloomington, IN 47405 tenure-track position, so I hope to be tenured (or almost tenured) five years Phone: (812) 855-7667 from now! A related goal that I’m currently working through is to pursue different kinds of writing and research. While I’ve blogged and presented at several conferences, I have only published two peer-reviewed publica- Born and lived: Ohio tions. I’d like to develop and hone in on my research and data analysis What attracts you to a career in libraries: I initially pur- skills in order to do more formal research. Finally, I hope to have more sued a career in libraries in order to help patrons. As an undergraduate, confidence in my professional voice five years from now. I staffed the reference desk at my university’s library and I really enjoyed Where do I see the industry in five years: I do not know what helping other students explore research questions that they were passion- the future of the library will be. I do know that reflecting on the tensions and ate about. I also became interested in LIS after I learned about the “refer- challenges that currently exist can help us more effectively shape and cre- ral ethos” that many librarians have. The idea that we would refer a patron ate a better future. Chris Bourg, Director of Libraries at MIT, has inspired to a colleague that knew more than us, and in doing so leave our ego at the my thinking on this. Bourg’s emphasis on thinking about the future of li- door in order to help the patron as effectively and efficiently as possible, braries in the greater context of “transformative changes in higher educa- was astounding and inspiring to me. It’s something I come back to a lot, tion, technology, publishing, and research” is particularly compelling to me even now. I think that libraries are operating at their best when they adopt (http://www.caul.edu.au/content/upload/files/meetings/chrisbourg2017. and further this ethos of sharing and lifting up colleagues’ expertise. pdf). Too often we think about our work in local, isolated, or reactive terms, when instead our strategy should be based on context. Library work is Professional career highlights: I graduated from the iSchool at Illinois in May 2015. About six months before graduation, I started not disconnected from rising tuition costs, increasing student loan debt, regularly blogging for the Association of College and Research Libraries significant cuts in public services and funding, compromised labor unions, blog, ACRLog. I blogged monthly for almost two years before leaving the and the adjuntification of higher education. My hope for the future of (aca- ACRLog team. Blogging and sharing my (often unsolidified) ideas on a demic) libraries is that we recognize that we are embedded in systems and national platform was pivotal for my career and my professional develop- structures where we can and should try to create change. ment. As others responded to my ideas, I found my professional voice and I’ve seen a few insightful, tangible examples of this idea in action. Em- realized that even though I was a new librarian, I had a lot to contribute to ily Drabinski’s work on labor and organizing is one. Drabinski recently my institution specifically and librarianship generally. I also led a collab- presented with Eamon Tewell on “The Future of Librarian Labor” (https:// oration between ACRLog and Hack Library School (HLS) to highlight LIS eamontewell.files.wordpress.com/2008/03/future-of-libraries-symposium. student voices and encourage cross-pollination between LIS students and pdf). Their presentation problematized higher education labor trends, established library professionals. You can peruse all of my ACRLog posts accreditation processes, and assessment requirements and encouraged at http://acrlog.org/author/scrissinger/. continued on page 84 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 83 sons of her own who are doing great. Since I have met her, she is kind and ATG Profiles Encouraged even loving to people around her. She’s helped me learn more about the from page 83 world and be more kind, respectful, and patient. librarians to see themselves as skilled organizers that have the potential The change I hope to make in the profession: Get folk out to create systematic change. Another recent example or case study of from behind a desk! We need to be integrated from the start in things to Bourg’s idea is David Lewis’s work on “The 2.5 Commitment.” Lewis has allow for the most effiency, and we need to be partners, not monolithic proposed that, communally, libraries have significant financial resources Arbiters of Archives. In that, we also need to not continue to replicate what and, as a result, incredible potential to build an open scholarly commons has always been considered “worthy” of archiving with the limitations of the (https://scholarlycommons.net/). Lewis has challenged libraries to invest preiously dominant social groups. 2.5% of their budget to open, non-profit, cooperative infrastructure, tools, Have all of and publishing models as a response to Sci-Hub and several recent Else- Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: the histories and historical publications of all of the departments in CALS vier acquisitions. This approach, which recognizes the external forces at (including the ARECs and Cooperative Extension in Virginia) digitized and play while focusing on the communal strength of libraries, is what I’d like to archived. Have a smoothly effiencent workflow for capturing and making continue to see libraries pursue in the next five years. accessible the born-digital materials from all my liaison areas. Have a portal/access point for all communities in the commonwealth of Virgina to have Inga Haugen a place to archive their materials, and have a plethora of users, particularly Agriculture, Life Sciences, and Scholarly in the social justice/community viability/non-profit realm. Communication Librarian Where do I see the industry in five years: I’ve got a rela- Interim liaison to the College of Natural tively unique perspective on the library and information world- even my Resources and the Environment (CNRE) professional orgainiation, USAIN is fairly small, around 120 of us are ac- Virginia Tech, Newman Library 4010 University tive at our biannual conference. However, I’ll speak from my agricultural Libraries (0434), Carol M. Newman Library, research librarian perspective, but try to make it broadly applicable to Virginia Tech, 560 Drillfield Drive the industry. I love that I work at a landgrant instution, and our motto is Blacksburg, VA 24061 “Ut Prosim” That I May Serve. I see that the industry needs to keep true Phone: (540) 231-7546 • to our service aspects – even as the physical way to acces information is http://www.lib.vt.edu; farmgirlatlarge.com changing (paper to pixels) we need to provide access. We need to do a Born and lived: Minnesota and the midwest for the first 30 years, now better job of asking “What ARE our commandments” and “What DO they I’m a Lover (Virginia is for Lovers). mean.” I think we need to be FIERCE in protecting privacy and holding What attracts you to a career in libraries: I’ve gone back public space in our communities open to everyone; AND I think we and forth my whole life between working in libraries and working in agri- need to be full of grace and loving kindness so our patrons/stakeholders culture. As the agriculture librarian, I’ve finally found a way to do both at aren’t ever scared of us, and this is from a research librarian! I’m saying the same time. I love working as a research librarian at a land grant. As we have to focus on the people – we’ve had longstanding success with scientists (and as people) we’re not supposed to have favorites, but the the books/forms of holding information. We, as an industry, need to second best option is to acknowledge bias, so my favorite group I support keep asking the 5 questions words, so we find barriers, and then break are the Exension and the ARECs (research farms). These folk work with them down, or work around them so more and more people keep having applying the research they, and other folk at the university, have created. access. We need to make sure that it isn’t all behind paywalls online, That work helps people farming and producing our food. This means we and that people accessing the online information aren’t reduced to their all eat. And we work to have clean air, water, and land as we do it. I sup- data. port this with helping folk communicate their research, getting access to the information they need, and archiving the research and the data so we Kate Hill have solid information to build on. Electronic Resources Librarian Professional career highlights: I’m in the book This Is What University of North Carolina at Greensboro a Librarian Looks Like. I landed the Ag Librarian position at Virigina Tech 320 College Avenue directly after I graduated with my MIS. Working with Ithaka S+R and col- Greensboro, NC 27412-0001 leagues across the spectrum on the agriculture publication. Supporting Phone: (336) 334-4300 the Changing Research Practices of Agriculture Scholars. I’ve got grandparents, parents, aunts, uncles, siblings, Family/Pets: Born and lived: Born Colorado Springs, CO. Before moving to and 6.9 nieces and nephews. By the time this goes to publication, the one Durham, North Carolina I lived entirely in the upper Midwest, mostly in Ri- currently cooking should be here. The vast majority of them are in Min- pon Wisconsin (for high school), St. Paul, Minnesota (attended Macalester nesota, so I claim a few folk in Virginia for holidays and moving furniture. College ) and Madison Wisconsin (for my Masters of Library Science at In my spare time: Spare time? Well- I’m starting PhD work in Fall 2018 University of Wisconsin Madison). at Tech in Ag, Leadership and Community Education. I’m not a shy librarian- that being said, I am an introvert, and sometimes the best thing I can What attracts you to a career in libraries: I am an aca- do for myself is to read a book. demic at heart, but I never could just choose to focus on just one area of interest or research. I first became interested in libraries because they Favorite books: I adore the author Lois McMaster Bujold. If I could gave me a way to involve myself in academia and persue knowledge in a read only one author for the rest of my life, I would choose her. I’m revisit- wide variety of fields and disciplines. As I got more into the profession, I ing Women Who Run With the Wolves by Clarissa Pinkola Estes. discovered that I loved helping others create knowledge, become better Mentors/People who inspire me: My Little Sister. We were critical examiners of information, and make the world of learning available matched when she was 8 and I was 18 in the Big Brother Big Sister pro- to patrons for basically free. Libraries are one of the few institutions in the gram. She’s been my Little for 18 years now. It’s not my place to put her United States that are devoted completely to freedom of information and challenges front and center to the world, but she went from pregnant and learning, and I am proud to be a part of that tradition. homeless to celebrating 3 straight years in her apartment, and she’s got 2 continued on page 85 84 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Heather Howard ATG Profiles Encouraged from page 84 Business Information Specialist Purdue University 403 W. State Street Professional career highlights: Being named a Libraries Fellow at North Carolina State University as my first job. This position is West Lafayette, IN 47907 very competitive and an incredible way to jump start one’s career. Being Phone: (765) 494-8164 admitted to the North Carolina Library Association’s Leadership Institute, a competitive program for emerging leaders in the field is also a highlight. I https://www.lib.purdue.edu/people/howar198 also just finished co-authoring a book called The ABCs of ERM, which will Born and lived: I was born in Valparaiso, Indiana, I have spent most be available in January 2018. I am very excited about this book, as it is a of my adult life in various parts of the state, including 9 years in Indianap- very pratical, casual discussion of what a brand new electronic resources olis. I currently reside in Lafayette, IN. librarian should know about the field to be able to do their job successfully What attracts you to a career in libraries: After working in and to contribute to the professional conversation. business for ten years, I was ready for a change. I was drawn to academic Family/Pets: I have a husband, Chris Dragga, who works as a distrib- libraries because of the enjoyment I get connecting people to information uted computer storage researcher. I also have two cats, Belladonna, a and resources. Business librarianship in particular is an excellent way to very bossy tortishell who loves laps and belly rubs and Faramir, a gray tux marry my past experience to my current work. who enjoys racing around the house at full tilt and then looking confused. Professional career highlights: In libraries, the projects I’ve participated in that am most proud of include managing a large scale da- In my spare time: I go hiking with my husband, sing in the Duke Chap- el Choir, attend a lot of heavy metal concerts, and play tons of games. I ta-driven deselection initiative in the Butler Libraries, working with the PAL- especially am involved in tabletop role playing games and live action role NI consortium to implement a group sharing process for the 24 consortial playing games. I run a local group called larp shack that hosts short larps, libraries, and collaborating with peers in the Purdue Libraries to improve write games for others, and assist with running a large game called New instruction, support international students, foster improved communica- World Magischola, in which we all play wizard students and professors at tion with students, and more. Outside of libraries, I am proud to have a magical school (think Harry Potter!). co-founded the Indianapolis Literary Pub Crawl, a charity event that has raised more than $12,000 in support of adult literacy in central Indiana. Favorite books: Lord of the Rings Trilogy, Chronicles of Narnia, Anni- hilation by Jeff VanderMeer, Persuassion. Family/Pets: A husband, Jason Behenna, and three cats: Tumbleweed, Tambourine, and Brynn. Tumbleweed has cerebellar hypoplasia, so is a Mentors/People who inspire me: I have had a lot of incredible bit wobbly, and is famous on the Internet: https://www.facebook.com/Tum- mentors in the library profession. Marie Collins, Kristen Wilson and Josh bleweedTheMagnificent/. Boyer at NC State were my first professional bosses and were truly the Read, work on my 150 year old house, and I am cur- best mentors and supervisors anyone could ask for. Here at UNCG, I have In my spare time: rently working to open Escape Velocity Brewing with my husband, which wonderful mentors in my boss Christine Fisher, our collections develop- takes up a great deal of that spare time! ment librarian Beth Bernhardt and my “official” mentor Steve Cramer. They have been such a positive force in my professional development, and I am Favorite books: This is like asking someone to choose their favorite deeply thankful for them all. child, just unfair! This list is what I can think of off the top of my head, and is in no way inclusive: Poisonwood Bible by Barbara Kingsolver, Name of the Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: My main goal Wind by Patrick Rothfuss, Robin Hobb’s Realms of the Elderlings series, is to have gotten tenure at University of North Carolina at Greensboro (only anything Neal Stephenson, anything David Sedaris. three more years to go!). Beyond that, I would love to become even more involved in national service and publishing. I hope eventually take up a Mentors/People who inspire me: I am very fortunate to have column editor role or more editorial role in a journal as well. It might be many strong, amazing women as mentors in my life. First and foremost, more than five years away, but I eventually want to take a more manage- my mom, for her commitment to lifelong learning. She attended college ment role in a library, hopefully still focusing on Acquisitions or Collection for the first time after she was married (her dad didn’t think women needed Development. to go to college), then she went back not once, but twice to continue her education. Most recently, and after her retirement, she has taken courses Where do I see the industry in five years: Wow, this is such a to become an herbalist. Second, Dr. Julie Miller, Dean of Libraries at Butler hard question! The truth is, I don’t feel that we can really predict where the University, for her insight, vision, and compassionate form of leadership. industy will be going. Some things that I think will happen are a breaking Also, Dr. Sally Childs-Helton, Archivist and Rare Books Librairan at Butler away from all in one Electronic Resource Management/ILS systems and a University for her unfailing support, vast knowledge, and endless supply move towards more open modular systems that can talk to each other. I of energy. think that we need to embrace openness and data exchange and allow The focus of libraries to build solutions for management that fit their own needs. I also The change I hope to make in the profession: my research agenda is library management. In our profession, like many see the print journal being completely eliminated from some libraries, and others, people are promoted who are excellent librarians, but may not have streaming (or whatever the new form of video and audio) rising in profile, had the opportunity to learn best practices of management and human so that physical mediums like DVDs become like CDs, still used for small relations. Prior to becoming a librarian, I worked in these fields for many production companies and for collectors, but not widely held or used. I years, and hope that my research will help our advance our profession. also think that eBooks in academia will need to face a serious examination. There is going to be a lot of push back against current methods of sharing Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: I hope to have and control of use by end users, and I think that we will need to discover achieved tenure and be pursing my PhD. ways to work together to make publishers feel secure but also allow things Where do I see the industry in five years: I can only speak like Inter Library Loan for entire eBooks. to academic librarianship, but I think in five years we will have worked to even further diversify the services we are offering. An example of this would be the area of data, which has taken off tremendously in the last few years, and I think will only continue to be an increasing area of need. Both continued on page 86

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 85 community members. I find great joy in being able to help others be as ATG Profiles Encouraged successful as they can be in what ever they are endeavoring to be suc- from page 85 cessful in. our physical and online spaces will (hopefully) have been updated to best Professional career highlights: Well certainly receiving this serve our diverse student populations, including things such as acces- honor – definitely high up on the career highlights. The success of start- sibility issues, supporting international students, and improved usability. ing a Stress Less campaign at our libraries and watching it grow over the past three years has been a big highlight for me. Our students love it and I love doing it. I think for me one of the things I’m most proud of is being Maoria J. Kirker unanimously nominated to serve as the secretary of the State University of Instruction and Assessment Coordinator New York Librarians Association (SUNYLA). I’m still really new to the field George Mason University and I was really honored to be given the opportunity to serve at this level 4400 Univeristy Drive, MS 1A6 so early on in my career. Fairfax, VA 22030 I live with my fiancé, Paul (we will be married in October Phone: (703) 993-9059 Family/Pets: of 2019!), and our adorable rescued tuxedo cat, Mangia. maoriakirker.wordpress.com In my spare time: I read a lot. I love digging into a good YA fantasy. I frequent lots of indie book and coffee shoppes – though I must say I’m Born in Harrisburg, PA. Have also lived in Madison, Born and lived: a Starbucks fantatic. I can be caught taking in a local stage productions WI; Champaign, IL; Omaha, NE; and Arlington, VA. from time to time. I used to be heavily involved in local theatre and music What attracts you to a career in libraries: I admire the and I’m looking to reconnect with that again. Hopefully will be auditioning teaching mission of academic libraries. I love teaching undergraduates for a part in a local stage play production of The Never-ending Story. Wish how to think critically about the information they encounter in their daily me luck! lives. Beyond teaching students to develop their research skills, I believe This is such a hard question! I’ll give you my favor- instruction librarians can help students build the skills to become informed Favorite books: ite all time book, my favorite series, and three of my favorite reads from and engaged citizens. this past year. Favorite book of all time: My Name is Will: A Novel of Sex, In my spare time: I love live music so I go to a lot of concerts. DC is a Drugs, and Shakespeare by Jess Winfield. Favorite book series: Harry great town for live music! I also play Ultimate Frisbee. Potter. Top three books from this year: Court of Wings and Ruin by Sarah J. Favorite books: The Courage to Teach by Parker Palmer; The Maas, Down Among the Sticks and Bones by Seanan McGuire, and King’s Stranger by Albert Camus; The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Cage by Victoria Aveyard. Kundera. Mentors/People who inspire me: Is it cliché to say my mom Mentors/People who inspire me: I am continually inspired by my inspires me? She’s taught me what hard-work looks like, caring for my librarian colleagues whom I’ve collaborated with over the years: Janna 10-year-old nonverbal autistic brother, Sean. Sean inspires me too – he Mattson, Jason Byrd, Mary Oberlies, Helen McManus, Ilana Stonebraker, works really hard to learn new skills every day and the way he sees the Elise Ferer, Zoe Fisher, and Christine Carmichael. world is truly something. As for mentors – shout out to my colleague, Carol Anne Germain, as well as my former University at Buffalo professors: Dr. Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: One of my goals as an instruction coordinator is to build a culture where peer feed- Valarie Nesset, Dr. Brenda Battleson White, and Dr. Larry White. back on instruction is valued and incorporated into librarians’ regular prac- The change I hope to make in the profession: I don’t think tice. Teaching is deeply personal and receiving constructive feedback this is so much a change I hope to make but a wave that I would like to can be uncomfortable, but I have seen how peer feedback can push librar- catch a ride on as it is occurring right at this moment. A lot of my research ians to think more creatively and improve student learning. and what I’m interested in focuses on the idea of libraries as “place.” No longer are we warehouses for books and technology but rather we have Where do I see the industry in five years: I see the profession emphasizing services more and more. Through advocacy and collabora- become places where users come to collaborate on projects, research, tion academic libraries can push the industry in this direction. Instruction and creative endeavors. I see a lot of libraries already acknowledging librarians will need to increase their advocacy efforts on campus to draw this in various ways and I only hope to continue expanding this through attention to the importance of information literacy (and merging literacies) thoughtful programming, the creation of more maker spaces/collaborative instruction, open resources, and ethical use of information. Collaboration spaces, and educational venue space. has always been a strength of librarians, but I see the role continuing to Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: I would love to expand, particularly between public libraries and academic libraries. someday be the standing president of SUNYLA. One of my main priorities and goals right now is to do a complete overhaul of our the marketing Amanda M. Lowe materials for our libraries, both in print, digitally, and through social media. We have already started on some of this but I look forward to seeing what Outreach and Marketing Librarian can be accomplished in the next five years! University at Albany, SUNY University Library, c/o Amanda M. Lowe Where do I see the industry in five years: Librarians are no 1400 Washington Ave., LI 209 longer these precieved gatekeepers of information; we have moved more Albany, NY 12222 to being facilators. Everyday your average person that has access to a Phone: (518) 442-3552 smart device or electronic has ready access to an explosion of information. • libraries.albany.edu A lot of the time that can be very overwhelming to sift through to find what it is exactly you need. Librarians are here to help navigate that and I think Born and lived: Born in Catskill, NY. Lived in Oneonta, NY and Buffa- we will continue to do this for as long as there is information and informa- lo, NY while pursuing degrees. Currently live in Albany, NY. tion seekers. I think one of the possible big changes in the industry could What attracts you to a career in libraries: Working in Li- be the switch to e-collections only, utilizing library physical space for more braries, doing what I do, is very public facing. The wonderful thing about collaborative opportunities. I don’t ever see physical books ever going working at a public university is that I get to interact with not only students, away though, there are still so many people, myself included, that enjoy the but faculty, outside researchers, prospective students, high schoolers, and continued on page 87 86 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 portive group for new professionals in science librarianship. Collaborating ATG Profiles Encouraged with colleagues at Los Alamos National Laboratory on a project supporting from page 86 girls and young women in STEM. Celebrating the work of my colleagues and library school classmates as they advance in their careers. I love see- tangibility of a printed monograph. What ever changes we have coming ing my friends and coworkers succeed. our way, they should always be made with our users in mind – what are the needs of our communities? What can we all achieve together? That’s the In my spare time: I cook, bake, garden, watch hockey and baseball, entire point, isn’t it? go curling and build Lego. Favorite books: I enjoy auto/biographies, plot-driven fiction and Michael Rodriguez well-written cookbooks. My favorite recent read is The Hour of Land: A Licensing & Acquisitions Librarian Personal Topography of America’s National Parks by Terry Tempest Wil- University of Connecticut liams. 369 Fairfield Way U-1005B, Storrs, CT 06269 These are people in the profession who I admire and Phone: (860) 486-9325 whose work inspires me: Chris Bourg, Lindsay Cronk, Kyla Everall, Zoe Fisher, Angela Galvan, April Hathcock, Valentina Neblitt-Jones, Annie https://www.linkedin.com/in/mrlibrarian Rauh, Anna Skorupsky, and I am inspired every day by the students I work with. Born and lived: Virginian by birth, then a Floridian, and now a Nut- megger. The change I hope to make in the profession: I hope to contribute to change by doing work to help make ours a diverse and inclusive What attracts you to a career in libraries: Connecting information with people. profession. My constant Professional career highlights: Being named a Library Jour- Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: nal Reviewer of the Year for 2015. goal is to keep learning, listening and growing in order to be a better teach- er, be a better advocate, and be a supportive colleague. Family/Pets: Does a chipmunk nesting in my rain gutters count as a pet? Where do I see the industry in five years: I don’t know where In my spare time: Hiking and biking. I have hiked ten of New En- the industry will be in five years. I hope it will be changing, and I hope gland’s Fifty Finest peaks. I have biked 200 miles around Lake Champlain. these changes happen with the needs of our students, users and patrons There’s no finer way to see America than from the saddle of a twelve-speed. at the forefront of our decision making. Favorite books: Henry David Thoreau’s Walden above all others. Also The New Annotated H. P. Lovecraft – read it alongside Victor LaValle’s Katrina Spencer The Ballad of Black Tom and Matt Ruff’s Lovecraft Country. Literatures & Cultures Librarian Mentors/People who inspire me: My peers. They remind me Middlebury College what is possible. 110 Storrs Avenue, Middlebury, VT 05753 The change I hope to make in the profession: If I can do my Phone: (802) 443-5949 part to build a scholarly ecosystem in which no one is denied access to knowledge on the basis of affiliation or income, I will have left the world go.middlebury.edu/katrina • www.katleespe.com better than I found it. Born and lived: Born in Los Angeles, California. Lived in Spain, and Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: Visit all 50 the Midwest. states, publish peer-reviewed research, and earn a Project Management What attracts you to a career in libraries: For a brief pe- Professional (PMP) certification as well as (hopefully!) a second master’s riod of two years in the early 2010s, I was a doctoral student. Among all degree. the stressors I experienced, I found that when I went to the library, I got Where do I see the industry in five years: Collective collec- the most help and counsel I needed in orienting my research. Moreover, tions and robust consortial licensing will predominate. Open access pub- I found myself making efforts to inform my peers and new students about lishing will accelerate. Consolidation among vendors will proceed apace. special resources designed for their benefit and to increase access to col- Holistic assessment will surge as libraries strive to maximize value on in- lections that were restricted and remote. It was only after re-evaluating my vestment. Next-gen library systems will power more effective and efficient course of studies and immersing myself in library and information science resource management. Business analytics and project management will that I realized that the energy behind these projects mirrored the work of be essential workforce skills. a librarian. Everyday I am trying to make sure that my patrons and colleagues are making the most of the resources, services and collections Kelly Durkin Ruth around them so they can grow both personally and intellectually. It is this desire – that no one miss a book, a movie, a CD, a fellowship, an applica- Engineering Librarian tion, a job, a lecture, or any other opportunity that will help him/her/them to United States Naval Academy meaningfully grow – that draws me to a career in libraries. 589 McNair Road Annapolis, MD 21402 Professional career highlights: At Middlebury College, I Phone: (410) 293-6926 have curated several multi-format, thematic displays highlighting library materials created by, about and for underrepresented racial groups and oppressed minorities. Each has been highly collaborative in development, Born in Maryland. Lived all over the place: Newark, Born and lived: involving students, faculty and staff and many have been accompanied by DE, Charlottesville, VA, Toronto, ON, Los Alamos, NM, and now back to informative blog posts. Search “Katrina Spencer” at sites.middlebury.edu Maryland. for more. Thematic displays for commemorative months include: African What attracts you to a career in libraries: I like the idea of American Music Appreciation Month, Hispanic American/Latinx Heritage a job where I can help people satisfy curiosity. Month, Disability Employment Awareness Month, Native American/Indige- Professional career highlights: Becoming involved with the nous & Alaska Native Heritage Month and more! SLA – Physics – Astronomy Math Division. They are a fantastic and sup- continued on page 88 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 87 Regular and diverse opportunities for growth – Second, as an academic ATG Profiles Encouraged librarian, I need higher education administration to realize the importance from page 87 of providing and supporting growth and learning opportunities for librarians and library staff that go beyond attending webinars and conferences. West African Research Center Fellow in Dakar, Senegal – As a fellowship Many library workers are drawn to this field due to a love of learning and recipient, I spent 8 weeks in Dakar, Senegal developing catalog records have the capacity to research, publish and collaborate on challenging for the West African Research Center’s collection. Librarian Adama Diouf projects of impact alongside faculty. However, at times, what we lack is taught me how to create local call numbers for items and we carried out a autonomy, “bandwidth” and work hours dedicated exclusively to growth. major deselection project. To apply, visit bu.edu/wara/fellowship/warc-li- While faculty are often granted sabbaticals to develop and pursue new brary-fellowship. Other sites to visit, Africana Librarianship Anyone? – ideas and rejuvenate themselves, this paradigm is less commonplace https://hacklibraryschool.com/2016/08/24/africana-librarianship-anyone/, within the library. I’d like to support systems that expect their library work- 20 Things to Know About Dakar – http://www.katleespe.com/autonomy/20- ers to forward projects that incorporate novelty, rigor and growth and allow things-to-know-about-dakar5051404, Habari Newsletter 2016 (scroll to release time for the pursuit of these goals. second entry) – http://www.afrst.illinois.edu/habari/fall2016/STUDENTAN- DALUMNISTUDYABROADEXPERIENCESCenterforAfricanStudiesUniver- Creativity – Last, as a non-stop generator of ideas, I want to encourage sityofIllinois.html. paradigms that reward creativity, particularly creative problem-solving On the University of Wisconsin at Madison campus – After many years and creativity that prioritizes campus engagement within academic li- as a student, speaker and scholar of Spanish, I channeled some of my braries. Traditional models of service must continually be re-invented in knowledge and experience with the language into the librarian profession. order to serve the dynamic patron bases of the present. The people Pairing with Librarian Paloma Celis-Carbajal and a local REFORMA group we serve and the skills they hold are diverse and heterogeneous. Our in Madison, I published ¿Se habla español? through a American Library solutions to meeting their research needs must be so as well. The only Association blog. See ala.org/advocacy/diversity/odlos-blog/langaware- way we can veritably expect to continue in our relevance is by embracing nessspanish. ALA Intersections: ¿Se habla español? – http://www.ala.org/ creativity and unconventional thinking. The first step in doing this is to advocacy/diversity/odlos-blog/langawarenessspanish. recognize creativity when and where it happens and to acknowledge its value. In my spare time: I critically review books, television series and film for the original, weekly column “The Librarian Is In” in The Middlebury Cam- Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: In five years’ pus and the quarterly journal Feminist Collections. I read, often in foreign time, I hope to highlight the many ways in which librarians can effectively languages, to keep my skills somewhat sharp and I have joined Middle- forward outreach goals outside of the classroom and away from the refer- bury College’s Disability Studies Reading Group. I cook, listen to music ence desk. Overall, as a culture, we still think of librarians as sedentary, and watch comedic series like Schitt’s Creek, Bojack the Horseman and bespectacled “shushers.” And I have no doubt that the general populace Big Mouth. has a limited understanding of our work. However, by moving within our community, meeting an array of information needs and developing engag- Favorite books: Brokeback Mountain by Annie Proulx, Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, milk & honey by Rupi Kaur, How To Rent a Negro ing programming, we can change the discourse surrounding the profes- by damali ayo, Contos para se ler na escola by Luís Fernando Veríssi- sion and expand what the public thinks about when it envisions our variety mo, Le petit Nicolas by René Goscinny, Articuentos by Juan José Millás, of services. I win so many points of credibility and personability when my Sailing Alone Around the Room by Billy Collins, Angela’s Ashes by Frank patrons see me outside of the library engaging in a variety of activities with McCourt, and Matilda by Roald Dahl. them at welcome fairs, community dinners, lecture series and the like. If I can manage to render library services outside of the library, the impact Mentors/People who inspire me: People who are gentle, kind, will be immeasurable. sensitive, ambitious, reliable, innovative, interested in cultures of the world, open, vulnerable and engaged in social justice efforts: Fernando Rocha, Another goal would be to become a regular and valuable contributor to the Professor of Portuguese, Marcos Rohena-Madrazo, Professor of Spanish & Joint Conference of Librarians of Color (JCLC). I have yet to attend but I Linguistics, Fahima Jaffar, Instructor of Arabic, Nicole Cooke, Professor of believe there’s power in the spaces occupied by engaged people of color. Library and Information Science, and Mara Thacker, South Asian Studies Also, one of the teams I’ve joined at my home institution is the newsletter’s Librarian. editorial board. I want to make communicating about the library’s activities The change I hope to make in the profession: My goals are and accomplishments a regular part of my work. We need coverage that threefold and they all have to do with further evolving the culture within the systematically and intentionally demonstrates the ways in which libraries library profession. Some institutions already carry out my ideas with im- contribute to our communities lest those efforts be taken for granted. I’d pressive success. Others still need significant guidance. Wherever I am, like to continue utilizing a variety of platforms, print, digital and those be- I hope to promote the following: yond to consistently tell our stories. Recruiting and retaining diverse candidates – The first goal, which must Where do I see the industry in five years: What I anticipate not be understated is diversification. As a person representing a racial is patrons taking even greater ownership of library spaces for a broad minority background with a variety of travel experiences and at least one variety of programming and community building. In my estimation, librar- secondary master degree, I bring a wealth of unique perspective to the ies are inclined to say yes to most requests for uses of space. However, profession. There are other people of color, with and without this profile, I think patrons in general tend to be timid about making those requests whose knowledge and energy are incredibly enriching to the library and perhaps because representations of libraries in media have made them information science field. I support broad, varied, sustained and aggres- seem cold, quiet and archaic. However, through very progressive and sive efforts to attract us, train us and keep us in the field. If I can do one contemporary programming, for example as seen with Mara Thacker’s thing, it would be convincing employers that strong salaries and benefits Chai Wai Series (thematic panel talks) at the University of Illinois, Urba- are wonderful starts to achieving goals of diversification; beyond this, in- na-Champaign, the Harry Potter Yoga carried out across the U.S. and at stitutions must ask diverse candidates what they want and negotiate those Janelle Turner’s St. Louis County Library in Missouri or Vinay Dharwad- desires, in addition to (not in place of) salaries and benefits. This is key ker’s Blowtorch Reading Series at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, to maintaining a vibrant and diverse personnel. Moreover, making the ad- patrons will begin to see that the uses of libraries and both their spaces vancement of diversity efforts part of every employee’s job, particularly at and collections are limitless. predominantly white institutions, is another priority I’d like to emphasize. continued on page 89 88 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Katy Kavanagh Webb ATG Profiles Encouraged from page 88 Head, Research and Instructional Services MLIS: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2011 Jennifer Thoegersen Joyner Library, East Carolina University 1000 E. 5th Street, Mailstop 516 Assistant Professor and Data Curation Librarian Greenville, NC 27858 University of Nebraska-Lincoln Phone: (252) 328-0734 • 13th & R St, P.O. Box 884100, Lincoln, NE http://www.ecu.edu/lib/ 68588-4100 Phone: (402) 472-4558 Born and Lived: Born in Waterloo, IA; lived in various places, including Heidelberg, Germany, where I graduated high school on an army base. I also lived in Madison, WI for 12 years. Born and lived: Born in Nebraska. Lived in Nebraska, Norway, Esto- nia, Italy, New Zealand. What attracted you to a career in libraries: My first job ever was a cooperative work experience in the elementary school library Well, I was ini- What attracts you to a career in libraries: on an army base in Heidelberg, Germany. I would shelve books and cre- tially attracted to libraries because I loved books and loved to read. Now, I ate bulletin boards for the librarians. After going to college and getting a barely deal with the books at all! What I’ve enjoyed most is the opportuni- Master’s degree in German, I worked as a translator and quality assurance ties for collaboration and problem solving. I feel most energized when we analyst for Sony. Although I enjoyed my colleagues and learned a lot in can outline where we are and where we want to be – then it’s just a matter the five years I was there, I did not enjoy the sales aspect of the job and of determining the path between. During my Master’s, I worked with some knew it was time for a change. I had been volunteering in libraries and I digital projects requiring custom metadata crosswalks, which required remembered my enjoyment of the coop in high school. I decided to go both making decisions on where to map particular fields as well as how to back to school to get my MLIS. For me, librarianship is a fit because each transform the original XML metadata into the new XML metadata. It was day brings something different; I feel like it is a career where you can try an amazing learning opportunity; it was frustrating; and it was extremely new things all the time. fun and exciting. Promoted from Instructional Research Scholar, Institute Professional career highlights: Professional career highlights: Design Librarian to Head of large, diverse Research and Instructional Ser- for Research Design in Librarianship, 2015. Fulbight Fellow, Institute of vices department in 2014. Chair of LITA’s Minority Scholarship granting International Education, 2013. Erasmus Mundus Scholar, European Com- committee in 2015. Elected president of Joyner Library faculty group in mission, 2010-2012. Publishing a content analysis on the federal data 2016; chaired Library Diversity Committee. Tenure granted July 1, 2017. management plan requirements in the Journal if eScience Librarianship Recent publication of two information literacy-related OERs: Literature (http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/jeslib/vol4/iss1/1/), 2015. Building an Search teaching handouts and Information Literacy Concepts e-textbook escape room with kids as part of an ALSC grant-funded project at the (co-created with David Hisle). Currently working on the final draft of my Morton-James Public Library in Nebraska City (http://www.inthelibrarywith- book, Developing Creative Spaces in Academic Libraries, due in January/ theleadpipe.org/2016/library-lock-down/), 2016. February on the Chandos Publishing line. 1 husband (Rasmus), 1 plant (“The Guy”), and 8 plush Family/Pets: Husband Mike, two children Anson (3) and Melody (1 toys. Family/Pets: month), and two dogs Louis (Catahoula, 10) and Kita (Pit Bull, 9). I work on retro videogame-themed cross-stitch proj- In my spare time: Crochet, sewing, travel, spending time with my fam- ects. If you run into me at a conference, it is very likely that you will see me In my spare time: ily, and of course, reading. working on the map from Super Mario World. Yes, it’s a big project. No, I didn’t realize just how big when I decided to start it. Favorite Books: Outlander series (Gabaldon), Pillars of the Earth (Follett), Malcolm Gladwell style of non-fiction, biographies. Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: Lately, I’ve been thinking a lot about new ways our university library can serve not Mentors/People who inspire me: Mentors – Bryna Coonin, Mark only our campus community, but our local and state communities as well. Sanders, and Jan Lewis from Joyner Library; Anna Lewis from MERIT Li- I’ve been chatting with colleagues about a few possible projects, and, in brary. Inspiration – Carla Hayden, my parents, my friend and librarian, five year, I hope to be working on one or two of these state-wide initiatives. Carrie Moran. Where do I see the industry in five years: At their core, librar- The change I hope to make in the profession: I see a change ies are about access to information, and I’m excited about the possibilities (that has been continuing over a long period of time) where librarians have (and challenges!) that we are encountering. From teaching people how transformed from those who help to simply find information to those who to manage their own digital information so that it can be easily used and help produce information and contribute to the creativity of their patrons. reused, to preserving and providing access to content in varied digital for- As a creative person, I hope to embody this in my own practice as a librar- mats, to finding new and innovative ways to connect our communities with ian, and to foster this in libraries through my service. the information and skills they need, it’s an energizing time to be working Goals I hope to achieve five years from now: I plan to work in libraries. on a PhD at some point in the future; my plan is to get started with it in about five years, once my kids are both in school. Where do I see the industry in five years: In the realm of public services, I see a lot of promise with offering services around data visualization and data in general, as well as in helping our patrons with navigating the publishing landscape. As more academics learn about the possibilities of open access publishing and open educational resources (OERs), I believe that this will continue to cause major changes in the publishing industry. continued on page 90

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 89 PEOPLE PROFILES ENCOURAGED

Susanne Caro Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: Create a new Government Information LIbrarian culture in research libraries that multiplies our significant value to the suc- Maureen and Mike Mansfield Library, University cess of every student; to higher education; and to the quality of life, social of Montana, Missoula justice, and economic and public health of the communities we serve. 32 Campus Dr. Missoula, MT 59812 How/where I see the industry in five years: Sea of changes Phone: (406) 243-4548 are ahead! 1) A focus on organizational development will change our research library cultures and will be the primary driver of future innovation and research. 2) A marked increase in collaboration among institutions will Born and lived: California, lived in New Mexico and Montana. become a force multiplier for innovation and access. 3) Current models of Running wild in the mountains of California, hanging out Early life: journal scholarship are unsustainable and are ripe for creative disruption. with artists and writing bad poetry. Lots of bad poety. Professional career and activities: State Document librarian at the New Mexico State Library, now in Montana. Published 2 books with John Chodacki ALA. Director, University of California Curation Center (UC3) Family: I have one. California Digital Library (CDL) In my spare time: A geek who enjoys reading, cosplay, board games, 415 20th Street, 4th Floor science fiction conventions and hiking. Oakland, CA 94612, USA Favorite books: Anything by Terry Pratchett, Connie Willis. Pet peeves: When people put costumes on cats. uc3.cdlib.org Philosophy: I try to be stoic but often fail. Professional career and activities: Data, preservation, publishing, open source, product management, business. Most memorable career achievement: Publishing my fist book, Digitizing Your Collection. Heather Christenson Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: To have a throne of skulls and lava moat, but I will be happy if I get a trip to Scottland. Program Officer for Federal Documents & Collections How/where do I see the industry in five years: Digital content will become more pervasive and the roll of digital preservation will be HathiTrust more pronounced. Professional career and activities: As I often say, I initially Jon E. Cawthorne decided to become a librarian because I want to know everything! My career spans a period of intense technological development and change Dean, Wayne State University Library System, in libraries. I’ve been involved in the creation of digital collections and dig- including the School of Information Sciences ital library services for many years, including the building of the HathiTrust Wayne State University Digital Library, and coordination of mass digitization initiatives across the 3100 David Adamany Undergraduate Library University of California (UC) in partnership with Google and the Internet 5150 Anthony Wayne Drive Archive. I’ve had a hand in projects to build and implement federated Detroit, MI 48202 search and ERMS systems, and in early explorations of web crawling and Phone: (313) 577-4020 • Fax: (313) 577-5525 OAI harvesting. I led a UC-wide program of over 100 librarians charged • library.wayne.edu with assessment of licensed electronic resources for technical perfor- Born: Portland, OR. mance and utility of user interfaces. I’ve worked in the commercial world Lived: Boston, MA, Columbus, OH, Detroit, MI, Eugene, OR, Honolulu, on web search tools and was the Assistant Head Librarian at the (former) HI, Morgantown, WV, San Diego, CA, Tallahassee, FL, and Washington, San Francisco Examiner. I have been a researcher, law librarian, and a DC. cataloger of collections as diverse as glass negatives and video, and, full circle, my career began in the UC San Diego government documents de- Early life: Grew up in Pacific Northwest and completed my undergraduate education at Evergreen State College. partment. Wife Sharon and three children Trent, Nayomi, and Micah. In addition to federal documents and digital libraries, my current profes- Family: sional interests include trends in information policy and emerging technol- In my spare time: Reading, bicycling, visiting museums, travel. ogy such as artificial intelligence. Appreciative Inquiry: A Positive Revolution In Favorite books: In my spare time: I have a wide range of personal interests including Change (David L. Cooperrider and Diana Whitney). The Nibble Theory space travel, meteorology, climate science, hiking, music, cooking and and The Kernel of Power (Kaleel Jamison). A Simpler Way (Margaret J. swimming the the ocean. Wheatley). Philosophy: Take action out of love, not out of fear. Pet peeves: People who believe they can’t do something. How/where do I see the industry in five years: The current Philosophy: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. state of the world in general is highly uncertain. I like to be optimistic that Most memorable career achievement: Extending full library even through turbulent times, libraries will have progressed in solving the database access to West Virginia University regional campuses; co-found- problems of preserving print federal documents, and that we are collab- ing what is now the ACRL Diversity Alliance. continued on page 91 90 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 Most memorable career achievement: I’m deeply proud of the ATG Profiles Encouraged work we did on the Data Refuge project and the Libraries+ Network meet- from page 90 ing. I learned lessons from this project that I hope to carry into my career for a long time. orating and working together on the “complete” print and digital collection. Hopefully we’ve made progress on digital preservation practices for How/where do I see the industry in five years: There’s been born-digital government documents (all those PDFs!) and data, and have so much great work going on linking libraries to government data in the invented scalable ways to characterize web archived documents to enable past year. I hope to see these efforts continue and, in five years, see librar- discovery of individual items by end users. ies be more connected to civic data through constructive partnerships with government agencies at all levels. This is a pivotal moment that librarians James R. Jacobs can leverage to start breaking down the structural barriers and the silos that can make Open difficult to achieve broadly. (Not to be confused with James A. Jacobs, emeritus Data Librarian from UC San Diego, fellow government information activist and Lynda Kellam co-founder of Free Government Information!) Social Science Data Librarian and Assistant U.S. Government Information Librarian, FDLP Director of International & Global Studies Coordinator, Stanford University Library University of North Carolina at Greensboro 123D Cecil H. Green Library Greensboro, NC Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Phone: (650) 862-9871 • Fax: (650) 723-9348 https://lyndamkreads.wordpress.com/ Fort Benning, Georgia. library.stanford.edu/people/jrjacobs Born and lived: freegovinfo.info • questioncopyright.org Early life: I grew up in Greensboro NC and returned after a few years up north in Wisconsin and overseas in Croatia. Born and lived: Englewood, NJ with stops in PA, NY, Japan, OR, IL, and CA. Family: One husband and five cats. I’m currently a doctoral student, so mostly I read lots Early life: Northeast states; lots of soccer, tennis, baseball, In my spare time: creek-stomping, fishing, boating, you know, the usual. of history. My husband owns a game shop and we play board games or pinball when I have real free time. Professional career and activities: I’ve worked in libraries since I was 15 when I worked in a small public library in Homer, NY. Pro- Favorite books: Kafka on the Shore by Haruki Murakami and Edge of fessionally, I’ve been a Government Information Librarian since 2002, first Empire by Maya Jasanoff. at UC San Diego and now at Stanford University. I’m active in ALA’s Gov- Most memorable career achievement: Getting tenure. Writing ernment Documents Round Table (GODORT) and a rabble-rouser at free- a book and editing another. govinfo.info. See bio for more http://freegovinfo.info/about/jrjacobs. Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: Finish my PhD! Spouse, mother/father in PA, youngest of 4 siblings (brother in Family: How/where do I see the industry in five years: Embedding NYC, sister in Cleveland, OH, sister in Ithaca, NY). into the wider functions of the university is critical and will continue to be In my spare time: Spare time? :-) writing on freegovinfo.info. I also so. More librarians will have cross-appointments in recognition of our like to dabble in open-source software, and am an avid sea kayaker. broad set of skills in teaching and research. Favorite books: Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World, Sometimes a Great notion, Lord of the Rings, Baroque Cycle, Leaves of Shari Laster Grass, Dharma Bums, and Open Veins of Latin America. Head, Open Stack Collections Pet peeves: People who don’t use their turn signals or parallel park Arizona State University Library badly. Hayden Library P.O. Box 871006 Most memorable career achievements: Something big is coming! Tempe, AZ 85287 Goal I hope to achieve five years from now: There will be a National Digital Government Information Library. Born and lived: I grew up in southeastern Pennsylvania, and have lived in southeast Texas, central North Carolina, northeast Ohio, and Cal- I don’t see How/where do I see the industry in five years: ifornia’s central coast. By the time you’re reading this, I will be living in this as an “industry.” Arizona! Margaret M. Janz Professional career and activities: Prior to my January 2018 arrival at Arizona State University, I was most recently the Government In- Scholarly Communications and Data Curation formation Librarian and Data Services Librarian at the University of Cali- Librarian fornia, Santa Barbara. I currently serve as chair of the Government Doc- University of Pennsylvania uments Round Table of the American Library Association, and am a past Philadelphia, PA chair of the Depository Library Council, the advisory body for the Federal Depository Library Program. As the data curation li- Professional career and activities: I like short roadtrips and long walks. brarian at Penn my primary responsibility is to guide researchers in how In my spare time: they collect, describe, store, and share data. I worked on the Data Refuge Pet peeves: My cat, Belly. project beginning in late 2016 and help organize Data Rescue Philly and How/where do I see the industry in five years: I want to see assisted many of the 50 other Data Rescue events around the country in more libraries prioritizing and planning for government information collec- 2017. As Data Refuge grew, I helped plan and coordinate the Libraries+ tions as they already do for other distinctive areas of collecting. Network Meeting in May 2017. continued on page 92 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 91 lowed by a three year stint in Princeton, New Jersey before returning to ATG Profiles Encouraged Canada to setle in Windsor, Ontario. from page 91 Professional career and activities: As a data librarian, I do Jesse Silva a bit of everything – data management, reference, statistical methods and Librarian for Federal and State Government software support, embedded research support. I also provide backup as Information, Political Science, Public Policy, and needed in our Systems department. I co-edited a book on Data Librarian- Legal Studies ship with Lynda Kellam. University of California, Berkeley In my spare time: I read, dabble in various crafts, love live theatre 189 Doe Annex, Berkeley, CA 94720-6000 and have recently taken up Scottish Country Dancing. I’m also politically active and build and maintain websites for organizations and activists on a volunteer basis. Born and lived: Born and raised in Southern California. Northern Cal- ifornia is home now. Favorite books: Can’t pick just one, but I mostly read science fiction and fantasy. In my spare time: Gardening, reading, traveling, and enjoying life on the west coast. Philosophy: Eclectic. Favorite books: Too many to list. How/where do I see the industry in five years: I think once libraries have (being optimistic!) worked through the current issues with How/where do I see the industry in five years: I would like to see access to much more content that had previously been available open scholarship, big data, newer-generation library service platforms, only in print as well as greater public access to content and data that is and so on, we’ll move on to the much harder task of cleaning up the infor- currently restricted or behind a paywall. mation landscape. The web is over 25 years old now and I’ve watched it go from being a “wild west” of disinformation and fringe theories to being… a wild west of well-funded disinformation and fringe theories. Libraries Kristi Thompson can’t be gatekeepers of information the way we were in the days of print, Data Librarian but data rescue stories like the ones in this issue demonstrate that we Leddy Library, University of Windsor still have a role to play as guardians of scholarly research and credible 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor ON Canada information. We need to expand that role, work with scholars and open Phone: (519) 253-3000 x.3858 publishers, and help find new strategies to reduce the influence of fake news and unverified research. The world needs us to expand that role. http://leddy.uwindsor.ca/staff/kristi-thompson Born and lived: Born and raised in Toronto, Ontario, lived in various places around Ontario while pursuing my education and early career fol- COMPANY PROFILES ENCOURAGED

Association of Southeastern Research tutions are better able to fulfill our individual missions through collaborative Libraries (ASERL) programs, and that the benefits of collaborative action can be greater than Robert W. Woodruff Library those provided by the same institutions acting independently. We believe 540 Asbury Circle, Suite 316 that there is strength in unity and that unity can accommodate institutional Atlanta, GA 30322-1006 characteristics. We understand our goals can only be achieved through Phone: (404) 727-0137 our contributions to ASERL’s initiatives, momentum, and spirit. www.aserl.org Members: The Association of Southeastern Research Libraries is orga- Officers: See officers listing at http://www.aserl.org/about/contact/. nized exclusively for educational purposes. Membership in ASERL is limited to libraries of educational institutions with doctoral degree programs or Staff: John Burger, ASERL Executive Director. Cheryle Cole-Bennett, Program Coordinator. of governmental agencies in the southeastern region of the United States of America (i.e., Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missis- By sharing information and technology resources, expertise, Mission: sippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia). and innovation, the Association of Southeastern Research Libraries advances the educational and research success of students and faculty at Number of employees: 2 member institutions. ASERL members believe that our libraries and insti- continued on page 93

Rumors throughout the brand strategy and logo development process. The from page 78 new logomark was created in collaboration with Studiolo Secondari and designers Paper Plus Rocket. Learn more at www.aupresses.org, flourishes internationally,” said AUPresses Executive Director Peter and take a design retrospective through the history of AAUP’s look at Berkery. “Updating our name is simultaneously a return to roots and https://vimeo.com/248337035. a flowering outwards, embracing what makes our members so essen- Just heard that John Tagler is no longer with AAP. According to tial to scholarly, civic, and cultural life.” A Brand Working Group, LinkedIn, he is now Vice President at Bert Davis Executive Search. including Association staff, officers, and members, provided guidance continued on page 93 92 Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 LIBRARY PROFILES ENCOURAGED

Wayne State University Library System igable categories so users can easily find what they need. QuickSearch (WSULS) combines the search power of Summon, the library catalog, research Detroit, MI 48202 guides, DigitalCommons@WayneState, digital collections and the Wayne Information and Reference Desks: State University website into a single search interface. David Adamany Undergraduate Library Does your library have a collection development or (313) 577-8852 similar department? Our library system has four primary units with Purdy/Kresge Library (313) 577-6423 individual foci of General Education, Labor History, Law, and Health Sci- Vera P. Shiffman Medical Library (313) 577-1094 ences; each unit has a dedicated collection development librarian. Arthur Neef Law Library (313) 577-6180 All Libraries Text Message Number (313) 228-3978 If so, what is your budget and what types of materials are you purchasing? Print or electronic or both? Our library.wayne.edu overall annual acquisitions budget is ~$10 million. Although we aim to Background/history: The WSULS includes the David Adamany purchase in electronic format whenever possible, we purchase print when Undergraduate Library, the Purdy/Kresge Library, the Vera P. Shiffman print is deemed appropriate but we focus our purchasing on electronic Medical Library, the Arthur Neef Law Library, and the Walter P. Reuther format. Library of Labor and Urban Affairs. What do you think your library will be like in five I’m imagining that – right now – the Wayne State University Li- Number of staff and responsibilities: Total Library Staff FTEs years? 219; Professional Staff 73; Support Staff 68; Student Assistants 78. brary System is five years into our transformation. Our Library is a model for a 21st Century Library and leads library education. Our Library has a Overall library budget: Total Library Expenditures $19.6 million; distinguished track record of achievements in student success and reten- Total Library Materials $10.0 million; Total Salaries and Wages $7.9 million; tion, digital publishing, community engagement, and – most important – is Other Operating Expenditures $1.7 million. powered by a commitment to organizational development. Our library is Types of materials you buy: We acquire in various formats but an exciting, fun place to work and the exceptional work of our people at- make every attempt to acquire content in digital format. In most cases this tracts worldwide attention and recognition. allows for both greater access and assessment. However, depending on What excites or frightens you about the next five the discipline we will purchase material in tangible format, most notably years? I’m excited about the unlimited potential of research libraries print books for our Course Reserves service. working together. I’m frightened by what will come if research libraries continue working in siloes. Higher education is at a strategic inflection point; What technologies does your library use to serve mo- it is essential that library leaders become more creative, entrepreneurial, bile users? Our websites and discovery layers utilize responsive design, meaning our website shrinks or expands to adapt to any screen size; and strategic. Over the next five years, leaders of the best research li- mobile, tablet, or otherwise. braries will step forward and work together to boldly lead our respective institutions, higher education, and the evolving information industry. Does your library have an ILS or are you part of a col- As of December 12th, we will be using III’s Sierra ILS Is there anything else you think our readers should laborative ILS? If you’re looking for a great place to work – and thrive – within and we host this as an individual library system. know? our industry, please consider the Wayne State University Library System! Do you have a discovery system? We have developed a system I’d love to begin a dialog with Against The Grain readers about everything we call QuickSearch, a tool that organizes search results into easily nav- we’re doing here in Detroit!

Back Talk Rumors from page 94 from page 92

And one more observation. For a lot of people, for a lot of Talk about an old and revered friend! John began coming to the Charleston the time a project lasts, the time of renovation is going to be Conference in the 1980s and attends most of the subsequent conferences. He a huge pain in the neck and other spinal regions. Recognize worked for Elsevier for 30 years. I remember. He rolled up his sleeves in the that and even take advantage of it. There are things one can 80s and helped us to craft several group case studies. What a guy! do — experiment, perhaps, with new ways of setting up ser- And don’t miss Myer Kutz’ Scholarly Publishing Scene (this issue, p 56) vice points — at a time when one can’t really break anything, about the AAP’s PROSE awards. when all the space is a de facto experimental laboratory. Amsterdam University Press (AUP) and De Gruyter have formed a commer- And it’s probably a good idea to spend a little extra cial partnership to distribute AUP’s English-language eBooks. AUP publishes money on food and parties. A good ugly sweater contest over 100 new academic monographs every year, including in the areas of European helps this season of the year! Everybody’s going to need History, Asian Studies, Contemporary Society, Film & Media and Linguistics. The those moments of taking their eye off the ball, cherishing agreement with De Gruyter includes 120 frontlist titles for 2018, 140 frontlist colleagues, laughing about the headaches, and reminding titles in 2019 as well as a backlist of 470 titles including 250 open access titles themselves why it’s all worth it. from 2000 to 2018. www.degruyter.com Okay, that’s all we have room for this time, watch for more next time. Yr. Ed.

Against the Grain / December 2017 - January 2018 93 Back Talk — When Your New Best Friend is a Rattlesnake Column Editor: Jim O’Donnell (University Librarian, Arizona State University)

t looks like we’re the dog who caught the Hector, the five-foot long albino diamondback any organization is car. When that happens it makes you won- rattlesnake, his daughter Lucy, and their fellow its people. My first Ider if you have dental insurance. reptiles in ASU’s famous hall of snakes.) Then library as a little What’s happened is that we’ve been given moving the books: at first a dribble, and then kid was a Quonset the provisional go-ahead to do a major reno- suddenly there were moving trucks pulling hut on an army post vation of our signature 1966 Hayden Library up to the loading dock and book carts rolling, in the desert, and it did the job just fine because tower at ASU over the next two years. There’s rolling, rolling, like the wagons in the theme the staff were good— and behind them were still process to go through to make sure all the song of Rawhide. (A small lesson we learned leaders who thought that a good little library dollars are in place, but the preparations have from that move: if ever a domestic move made was an important way of offering lonely sol- been ramping up, at first gradually, and now you furious at the quality of the movers and diers a mix of recreation and ambition that dramatically. the work they did, it’s interesting to see what didn’t require a lot of cleaning crews on Mon- happens when the big moving company sends day morning or produce a casualty list. With The stages are all predictable enough: vi- a team to work for its largest customer. It turns the best people in a tumbledown old building, sion/strategy, meetings with senior leaders, pre- out they really do employ an A team of movers one can do great things. A shining temple of liminary approval to hire architects, then hire who are very smart, very careful, and very hard librarianship staffed by bored and discouraged architects, do the work to prepare to work with working. These folks have been just a pleasure people scarcely deserves the name of library. them, work with them in endless iterations, to watch. Why, they were as careful with my That means that leaders have to stay fo- and get — about now, after almost two years books as I would be.) cused on using the renovation moment as an work — to where serious drawings are being When architects are in the vicinity, it’s easy opportunity for staff development. Why spend prepared for actual construction. Meanwhile, to get caught up in the pleasures of design and the money on a building without also remaking start planning swing space, logistics, and any to lose track of what’s most important. There’s service models, focusing ambitions, and giving associated small construction projects. an old joke that the sign a major corporation is people reason to believe that the new building And then there comes the day when things about to be in trouble is that it’s just opened a won’t be just shinier, but it will be a place start moving. In our case, the first move was new headquarters building, one with an atrium. where staff have better, more interesting jobs the overlarge admin suite, now downsized and The CEO’s been spending too much time, the and more opportunity to make a difference housed quite comfortably three blocks away in argument goes, looking at floor plans, paint for the users. our large science library. (This means I go back samples, and fabric swatches. We knew we 2. The building isn’t for the staff, though, and forth on hot days through our life science had to spend at least as much time working it’s for the users. I’ve acquired a fairly buildings — to get a quick air conditioning with our staff on their temporary and perma- well-justified reputation on our project as the bath — between the two and always stop to see nent locations spread out across a fifty-mile guy who’s obsessed about bathrooms. A uni- long swath of Arizona versity library building succeeds when it’s the cityscape, and then work de facto office and home away from home for with campus officials to all the students who pass through it. (Faculty find alternative working have other spaces and other relationships with space for our students — the library building. It’s students who really often more than 10,000 a need the space.) The student user should day — who depend on us always feel comfortable, welcome, and safe for their academic success. in a library building, able to stay there as long How does the CEO as they need to in order to focus on their tasks — in this case the Uni- and get them done well. Shabby bathrooms versity Librarian — keep with unemptied trash cans and liquids of any focused on what’s really kind where they shouldn’t be certainly make important? I have three me think there’s someplace else I’d rather be. suggestions. Getting the bathrooms right is hard (it’s too easy to value engineer that part of the project 1. The first and last to save money), but if you get them right, you’ll most important thing about probably also have been thinking about all the rest of the user facilities: the furniture, the lighting, the visual buildingscape, and even the microwave in which students can zap a cup of ADVERTISERS’ INDEX ramen noodles at 2 a.m. and refuel themselves cheaply and easily. 25 accessible Archives 15 cold Spring Harbor Lab Press 19 Oxford University Press 3. What are the hardest things to do well 21 alexander Street, a ProQuest Company 7 copyright Clearance Center 37 Oxford University Press in your library? Everyone will have different answers to that question, but it should be easy 2 american Chemical Society 49 emery-Pratt 17 Paratext enough to make a list of three or four long- 43 american Pharmacists Association 3 gOBI Library Solutions 11 Project MUSE term headaches. A big facilities project is an 5 atg 13 igi Global 31 sPIE Digital Library opportunity to solve some of those problems 73 the Charleston Advisor 55 McFarland 95 springer and to improve others appreciably. That means focus on what staff and users do in the building, 8 the Charleston Report 96 Midwest Library Service 9 taylor & Francis Group making the doing easier and more pleasant by For Advertising Information Contact: Toni Nix, Ads Manager, creating spaces that are more conducive to the , Phone: 843-835-8604, Fax: 843-835-5892. best work all can do. continued on page 93

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