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Entomology of the Aucklands and Other Islands South of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, Ex Cluding Non-Crambine Pyralidae
Pacific Insects Monograph 27: 55-172 10 November 1971 ENTOMOLOGY OF THE AUCKLANDS AND OTHER ISLANDS SOUTH OF NEW ZEALAND: LEPIDOPTERA, EX CLUDING NON-CRAMBINE PYRALIDAE By J. S. Dugdale1 CONTENTS Introduction 55 Acknowledgements 58 Faunal Composition and Relationships 58 Faunal List 59 Key to Families 68 1. Arctiidae 71 2. Carposinidae 73 Coleophoridae 76 Cosmopterygidae 77 3. Crambinae (pt Pyralidae) 77 4. Elachistidae 79 5. Geometridae 89 Hyponomeutidae 115 6. Nepticulidae 115 7. Noctuidae 117 8. Oecophoridae 131 9. Psychidae 137 10. Pterophoridae 145 11. Tineidae... 148 12. Tortricidae 156 References 169 Note 172 Abstract: This paper deals with all Lepidoptera, excluding the non-crambine Pyralidae, of Auckland, Campbell, Antipodes and Snares Is. The native resident fauna of these islands consists of 42 species of which 21 (50%) are endemic, in 27 genera, of which 3 (11%) are endemic, in 12 families. The endemic fauna is characterised by brachyptery (66%), body size under 10 mm (72%) and concealed, or strictly ground- dwelling larval life. All species can be related to mainland forms; there is a distinctive pre-Pleistocene element as well as some instances of possible Pleistocene introductions, as suggested by the presence of pairs of species, one member of which is endemic but fully winged. A graph and tables are given showing the composition of the fauna, its distribution, habits, and presumed derivations. Host plants or host niches are discussed. An additional 7 species are considered to be non-resident waifs. The taxonomic part includes keys to families (applicable only to the subantarctic fauna), and to genera and species. -
Methods and Work Profile
REVIEW OF THE KNOWN AND POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS OF PHYTOPHTHORA AND THE LIKELY IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES JANUARY 2011 Simon Conyers Kate Somerwill Carmel Ramwell John Hughes Ruth Laybourn Naomi Jones Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ 2 CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 13 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 15 2. Review of the potential impacts on species of higher trophic groups .................... 16 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 44 3. Review of the potential impacts on ecosystem services ....................................... -
Population Cycles of Forest Lepidoptera: a Maternal Effect
Journal of Animal a maternal Ecology 1994, Population cycles of forest Lepidoptera: 63, 79-92 effect hypothesis LEV R. GINZBURG and DALE E. TANEYHILL Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA Summary 1. Many species of forest Lepidoptera have cyclic population dynamics. Although there are numerous potential causes, including interactions with predators, para- sitoids, pathogens, and food-plant quality, strongly density-dependent interactions are often difficult to demonstrate. Both autocorrelation analysis and attractor- reconstruction methods have recently been applied to a number of species' time series. Results suggest that complex dynamics, i.e. cycles or deterministic chaos, may be more prevalent than once thought, and that higher-dimensioned models are necessary. 2. We develop a two-dimensional difference equation model that relates the average quality of individuals to patterns of abundance. The delayed density dependence is caused by transmission of quality through generations via maternal effects. We show that the maternal effect model can produce patterns of population fluctuations similar to those displayed by one class of host-parasitoid models. 3. We review empirical evidence for maternal and quality effects in dynamics of forest Lepidoptera. We fit the maternal effect and delayed logistic models to six species of forest moths for which delayed density dependence and maternal or quality effects have been found. The maternal effect model was a good predictor of the period of the oscillations for the species that we examined. We discuss why models of this type give better fits to moth cycles than do first order models with added delays. -
The Influence of Induced Host Moisture Stress on the Growth and Development of Western Spruce Bud Worm and Armillaria Ostoyae on Grand Fir Seedlings
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Catherine Gray Parks for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Forest Science, presented on April 28, 1993. Title: The Influence of Induced Host Moisture Stress on the Growth and Development of Western Spruce Budworm and Armillaria ostoyae on Grand Fir Seedlings. Abstract Approved: John D. Waistad This greenhouse study evaluates the influence of separately and simultaneously imposed water stress, western spruce budworm (Choristorneura occidentalis Freeman) defoliation, and inoculation with the root pathogen, Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink, on the growth and biochemical features of Abies .grandis (Dougl.) Lindi. Seedling biomass, plant moisture status, bud phenology, and allocation patterns of phenolics, carbohydrates, and key nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur) are reported. Hypotheses are developed and testedon the impacts of water-stress, defoliation, and root inoculation, on westernspruce budworm growth and development, and Armillaria ostoyae-caused mortality and infection. Western spruce budworm larvae fedon water-stressed seedlings had higher survival rates, grew faster, and produced largerpupae than those fed on well- watered seedlings. There is no clear reason for the positive insectresponse, but changes in foliage nutrient patterns and phenolic chemistryare indicated. Insect caused defoliation has been earlier reported to enhance successful colonization of Armillaria spp. on deciduous trees in the forests of the northeastern United States. The positive response of the fungus was attributed to a weakened tree condition. Conversely, although this study conclusively found water-limited trees to have increased susceptibility to A. ostoyae, defoliation significantly lowered Armillaria-caused infection and mortality. The decline in infection success is attributed to defoliation-caused reduction in plant water stress and an alteration of root carbohydrate chemistry. -
POPULATION DYNAMICS of the SYCAMORE APHID (Drepanosiphum Platanoidis Schrank)
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE SYCAMORE APHID (Drepanosiphum platanoidis Schrank) by Frances Antoinette Wade, B.Sc. (Hons.), M.Sc. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London, and the Diploma of Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, U.K. August 1999 1 THESIS ABSTRACT Populations of the sycamore aphid Drepanosiphum platanoidis Schrank (Homoptera: Aphididae) have been shown to undergo regular two-year cycles. It is thought this phenomenon is caused by an inverse seasonal relationship in abundance operating between spring and autumn of each year. It has been hypothesised that the underlying mechanism of this process is due to a plant factor, intra-specific competition between aphids, or a combination of the two. This thesis examines the population dynamics and the life-history characteristics of D. platanoidis, with an emphasis on elucidating the factors involved in driving the dynamics of the aphid population, especially the role of bottom-up forces. Manipulating host plant quality with different levels of aphids in the early part of the year, showed that there was a contrast in aphid performance (e.g. duration of nymphal development, reproductive duration and output) between the first (spring) and the third (autumn) aphid generations. This indicated that aphid infestation history had the capacity to modify host plant nutritional quality through the year. However, generalist predators were not key regulators of aphid abundance during the year, while the specialist parasitoids showed a tightly bound relationship to its prey. The effect of a fungal endophyte infecting the host plant generally showed a neutral effect on post-aestivation aphid dynamics and the degree of parasitism in autumn. -
E-News Spring 2019
Spring e-newsletter March 2019 Welcome to Spring! Green Hairstreak - Iain Leach Orange-tip - Iain Leach Garden Tiger caterpillar - Roy Leverton INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Contributions to our newsletters Dates for your Diary……………………….2 The Wish List…………………….…13-14 are always welcome. Borders News...........................................3 Our Conservation Strategy…….….15-20 Please use the contact details Munching Caterpillars Scotland.…………4 Carrion Beetles…………….……….21-22 below to get in touch! Peatlands for People………..…………….5 Moth Equipment - for sale...............23 If you do not wish to receive our Recording butterflies using Apps………...6 SW Branch Events 2019……….....24-25 newsletter in the future, simply Adopt a Transect………………………......7 Highland Branch Events 2019..….26-29 reply to this message with the Rare migrant on Islay!..............................8 East Branch Events 2019..….…...30-34 word ’unsubscribe’ in the title - Coul Links Update……………………….9-10 thank you. Northern Brown Argus, Kincraig………11-12 Contact Details: Butterfly Conservation Scotland t: 01786 447753 Balallan House e: [email protected] Allan Park w: www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland Stirling FK8 2QG Dates for your Diary Wildlife Recorders’ Gathering - Saturday 30th March 10.30 - 4.30pm - Dumfries An informal day of talks, presentations, networking and displays covering the wonderful wildlife of SW Scotland. Contact SWSEIC at [email protected] for more details. Highland Branch AGM - Saturday, 13th April 2019 Our Highlands & Island Branch will be holding their AGM on Saturday, 13th April at the Kingsview Christian Centre, Balnafettack Road, Inverness, IV3 8TF. See Highland Branch Events (Page 27) for more info. South & West Branch Members’ Day/AGM - Saturday, 27th April 2019 Our Glasgow & Southwest Branch will be holding their Members’ Day/AGM on Saturday, 27th April at Chatelherault Country Park. -
Scottish Macro-Moth List, 2015
Notes on the Scottish Macro-moth List, 2015 This list aims to include every species of macro-moth reliably recorded in Scotland, with an assessment of its Scottish status, as guidance for observers contributing to the National Moth Recording Scheme (NMRS). It updates and amends the previous lists of 2009, 2011, 2012 & 2014. The requirement for inclusion on this checklist is a minimum of one record that is beyond reasonable doubt. Plausible but unproven species are relegated to an appendix, awaiting confirmation or further records. Unlikely species and known errors are omitted altogether, even if published records exist. Note that inclusion in the Scottish Invertebrate Records Index (SIRI) does not imply credibility. At one time or another, virtually every macro-moth on the British list has been reported from Scotland. Many of these claims are almost certainly misidentifications or other errors, including name confusion. However, because the County Moth Recorder (CMR) has the final say, dubious Scottish records for some unlikely species appear in the NMRS dataset. A modern complication involves the unwitting transportation of moths inside the traps of visiting lepidopterists. Then on the first night of their stay they record a species never seen before or afterwards by the local observers. Various such instances are known or suspected, including three for my own vice-county of Banffshire. Surprising species found in visitors’ traps the first time they are used here should always be regarded with caution. Clerical slips – the wrong scientific name scribbled in a notebook – have long caused confusion. An even greater modern problem involves errors when computerising the data. -
Heterocera Fauna of the Calabrian Black Pine Forest, Sila Massif (Italy) (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista De Lepidopterología, Vol
SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 ISSN: 2340-4078 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Scalercio, S.; Greco, S. Heterocera fauna of the Calabrian black pine forest, Sila Massif (Italy) (Insecta: Lepidoptera) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 46, no. 183, 2018, April-June, pp. 455-472 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45560340008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Journal's webpage in redalyc.org Portugal Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative SHILAP Revta. lepid., 46 (183) septiembre 2018: 455-472 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 Heterocera fauna of the Calabrian black pine forest, Sila Massif (Italy) (Insecta: Lepidoptera) S. Scalercio & S. Greco Abstract In this paper we described the Heterocera fauna of the Calabrian black pine forest in the Sila Massif, southern Italy. We sampled 15 stands at 1270-1446 meters of altitude. One UV-Led light traps per stand was turned on once per month from May to November 2015 and from April to November 2016. We collected 18,827 individuals belonging to 367 species. Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Notodontidae) and Alcis repandata (Geometridae) were the most abundant species. Conifers are the main larval foodplant of 11 species and 4,984 individuals. Particularly interesting was the presence of Eupithecia indigata, discovered in Italy outside the Alps few years ago, abundant in pure Calabrian black pine stands. Also, the recently described Italian endemic Hylaea mediterranea was abundant, and together with E. -
South-Central England Regional Action Plan
Butterfly Conservation South-Central England Regional Action Plan This action plan was produced in response to the Action for Butterflies project funded by WWF, EN, SNH and CCW by Dr Andy Barker, Mike Fuller & Bill Shreeves August 2000 Registered Office of Butterfly Conservation: Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 5QP. Registered in England No. 2206468 Registered Charity No. 254937. Executive Summary This document sets out the 'Action Plan' for butterflies, moths and their habitats in South- Central England (Dorset, Hampshire, Isle of Wight & Wiltshire), for the period 2000- 2010. It has been produced by the three Branches of Butterfly Conservation within the region, in consultation with various other governmental and non-governmental organisations. Some of the aims and objectives will undoubtedly be achieved during this period, but some of the more fundamental challenges may well take much longer, and will probably continue for several decades. The main conservation priorities identified for the region are as follows: a) Species Protection ! To arrest the decline of all butterfly and moth species in South-Central region, with special emphasis on the 15 high priority and 6 medium priority butterfly species and the 37 high priority and 96 medium priority macro-moths. ! To seek opportunities to extend breeding areas, and connectivity of breeding areas, of high and medium priority butterflies and moths. b) Surveys, Monitoring & Research ! To undertake ecological research on those species for which existing knowledge is inadequate. Aim to publish findings of research. ! To continue the high level of butterfly transect monitoring, and to develop a programme of survey work and monitoring for the high and medium priority moths. -
Comparing the Effects of the Exotic Cactus-Feeding Moth, Cactoblastis Cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Comparing the effects of the exotic cactus-feeding moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and a native cactus-feeding moth, Melitara prodenialis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on two species of Florida Opuntia Amanda J. Baker University of South Florida Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons Scholar Commons Citation Baker, Amanda J., "Comparing the effects of the exotic cactus-feeding moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and a native cactus-feeding moth, Melitara prodenialis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on two species of Florida Opuntia" (2006). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2449 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparing the Effects of the Exotic Cactus-Feeding Moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and a Native Cactus-Feeding Moth, Melitara prodenialis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on Two Species of Florida Opuntia. Amanda J. Baker A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Biology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Peter Stiling, Ph.D. Gordon Fox, Ph.D. Henry Mushinsky, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 14, 2006 Keywords: plant-insect interactions, invasive species, native species, insect ecology, biological control, prescribed fire Copyright 2006, Amanda J. -
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 162 (2021) 107198
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 162 (2021) 107198 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography and diversification patterns of a diverse group of moths (Geometridae: Boarmiini) a,b,* c d ~ e,f g Leidys Murillo-Ramos , Nicolas Chazot , Pasi Sihvonen , Erki Ounap , Nan Jiang , Hongxiang Han g, John T. Clarke e,h, Robert B. Davis e, Toomas Tammaru e, Niklas Wahlberg a a Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden b Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Sucre, Sucre, Colombia c Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden d Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland e Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia f Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia g Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China h Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska, Torun,´ Poland ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Understanding how and why some groups have become more species-rich than others, and how past biogeog Lepidoptera raphy may have shaped their current distribution, are questions that evolutionary biologists have long attempted polyphagyPolyphagy to answer. We investigated diversification patterns and historical biogeography of a hyperdiverse lineage of female flightlessness Lepidoptera, the geometrid moths, by studying its most species-rich tribe Boarmiini, which comprises ca. 200 boarmiines genera and ca. known 3000 species. We inferred the evolutionary relationships of Boarmiini based on a dataset of Cleora Biston 346 taxa, with up to eight genetic markers under a maximum likelihood approach. -
Two New and 40 Rare for Lithuania Lepidoptera Species Collected in 2003–2009
104 NEW AND RARE FOR LITHUANIA INSECT SPECIES. Volume 21 TWO NEW AND 40 RARE FOR LITHUANIA LEPIDOPTERA SPECIES COLLECTED IN 2003–2009 POVILAS PAUKŠT Ė Department of Zoology, Vilnius University, Čiurlionio 21/27, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction This article presents data on new and rare for the Lithuanian fauna butterfly and moth species collected in southern Lithuania. The research site was chosen because of suitable conditions to perform long-term studies of Lepidoptera group. There was no similar research carried out by other authors in the described area, so this article should expand the knowledge about the distribution of rare Lepidoptera species in Lithuania. Material and Methods The material was collected by the author of this report in Var ėna administrative district, Daržininkai environs (Southern Lithuania) in 2003–2009. Moths were attracted to light using UV lamp bulb and sampled. Butterflies and some day-active moths were collected using a standard entomological net in a specified transects. Identification of the material was carried out using different sources (Kazlauskas, 1984; Koch, 1991; Fibiger, 1993; Nowacki, 1998; Ronkay et al ., 2001; Mironov, 2003). The nomenclature follows the Fauna Europaea database (Karsholt & Nieukerken, 2007). The majority of material is preserved in the author’s personal collection; some specimens are kept in the collection of the Museum of Zoology of Vilnius University, Lithuania. Species new for the Lithuanian fauna are marked with an asterisk (*). List of localities Var ėna district Daržininkai (1) 54°19'30,2''N, 24°52'42,4''E Daržininkai (2) 54°19'39,8''N, 24°53'30,1''E Valkinink ų Miškas f.