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Issues of Society and Its Formation in the System of Social Thought in Central Asia S

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Issues of Society and Its Formation in the System of Social Thought in Central Asia S NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 7, July -2020 ISSUES OF SOCIETY AND ITS FORMATION IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL THOUGHT IN CENTRAL ASIA S. K. KARIMOV Professor of Samarkand State University, Doctor of Philosophy ABSTRACT: tendency to live as a community constitutes the Our great thinkers have tried to content of human life. Pharoah put it this way: understand the essence of a society that is ò%•≤π ®µ≠°Æ •©Æß ©≥ ≥¥≤µ£¥µ≤•§ ©Æ ≥µ£® ° ° constantly changing and evolving, to that he needs a lot of things to live and achieve understand the place and role of man in a high level of maturity, he cannot achieve such society. In different historical periods, the things alone, he needs a community of people essence of society has been explained to have them. ... For this reason it is only through mythological, religious teachings. through the union of many that are necessary The scientific and philosophical knowledge for survival, that bring people together, and of the nature of society, the creation of a that help one another, that man can attain the holistic scientific picture of society has been maturity he naturally strives for. The activities a great achievement of the spiritual of such community members as a whole development of mankind. In this sense, provide each of them with the things they need society is a part of nature, a concept that to survive and mature. Therefore, human represents a separate form of being; a beings multiplied and settled in the inhabited special form of association of people, a set part of the earth, and as a result, a human of many relationships that apply between £Ø≠Æ©¥π ∑°≥ ¶Ø≤≠•§ä ó #©¥ ض .Ø¢¨• 0•Ø∞¨•á people. Society embodies materiality and p. 53). spirituality, objectivity and subjectivity, Indeed, one of the important points of naturalness and sociality. Such a set of Abu Nasr al-Farabi's social views is the human relations is expressed in the East, question of the emergence of human society. especially in the Uzbeks, with the notion of Farobi was the first to develop a system of community, and these lifestyles and scientific and theoretical knowledge about the lifestyles based on mutual cooperation and origin of society and how to govern the state. assistance. With the development of This system includes: scientific knowledge and philosophical - The science of social life and its function; thinking, there is an opportunity to study - The formation, composition and types of the essence of society on a scientific basis. human society; - The life and character of the city-state INTRODUCTION: community, the activities and tasks of the state Great thinkers such as Abu Nasr al-Farabi, and forms of its management; Abu Rayhan al-Biruni, and Abu Ali Ibn Sina, - issues of the role, duties, mental and who grew up in Central Asia, advanced moral development of man in society; advanced scientific views on the origin, nature, - The goals and objectives of the state and prospects of society. Farobi's ideas on community, the ways and means of achieving building an ideal society play an important role human happiness. in the development of social thought. In his While describing the emergence of human works, Farobi himself teaches that the natural society, Farobi exposes the crude idea that the 260 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 7, July -2020 human society that prevailed at the time was East at that time were descended from a single formed on the basis of war and violence. In person. turn, Farobi puts forward another thesis on this Without understanding the decisive role issue. According to this thesis, groups of of human activity, Farobi tries to find the individuals emerged as a result of their efforts natural causes of the formation of society. He to meet the material needs of the worlds, their emphasizes the leading importance of material efforts to survive and mature further. needs in the first place. And this is a step According to Farobi, the only reason for forward in the scientific solution of the the conflicts in society is the incomplete problem of the formation of society. Although formation of social life, city-state, morality and Farobi cannot explain the causes of human jurisprudence in people's thinking. In turn, he social nature, he emphasizes it. According to said that the acquisition of theoretical Farobi, human society is made up of peoples knowledge is important in practice, in the who differ from each other in language, prevention of conflicts and the fact that character, and customs. In his As-Sayasat al- people's high knowledge in these sciences gives Madaniya, Farobi considers the emergence of positive results. natural features of different peoples to be one Farobi's comments on society condemn of the geographical conditions in which these the "doctrine of violence and coercion." peoples live. Because the practical application of the The role of the encyclopedic thinker Abu "doctrine of violence and coercion" in any state Ali Ibn Sina in the history of Eastern and society is the basis for the formation of sociological thought is of special importance. conflicts in that state and society. In contrast to Ibn Sina wrote more than 450 works, 240 of the "doctrine of violence and coercion," Farobi which have survived. Of his works, 80 are in puts forward a "theory of natural need." After philosophy and metaphysics, 40 in medicine, all, the fact that people live together in 19 in logic, 26 in psychology, 23 in natural harmony, to unite in communities, to help each sciences, 7 in astronomy, 1 in mathematics, 1 in other and live together is a natural sign of the music, 2 in chemistry, 3 in ethics, and 4 in existence of a "natural need" in nature and literature. belongs to. In terms of the society. encyclopedia of his scientific services, he was "In relation to people," Farobi writes, "the respectfully referred to in the East as main criterion that unites them is humanity." Shaykhurrais, the guide, the leader of scholars. That is why people have to live in peace Roger Bacon, one of the great figures of because they belong to the ®µ≠°Æ ≤°£•ä ó medieval science, spoke of his place in (Farabi Abu Nasr. City of Noble People., P. 50). philosophy, saying that Abu Ali Ibn Sina was According to Farobi, in order to avoid the second king of philosophy after Aristotle. conflicts in society, people need to follow the The socio-political views of Abu Ali Ibn feelings of humanity, humanity, and only Sina are also based on these philosophical humanity is the first social source that calls for views. peace. The acquisition of science by human According to Ibn Sina, the management of beings is the second source of peace and society is based on a certain law. Violators of harmony. the law should be fairly punished. In doing so, he challenged the doctrine Abu Ali Ibn Sina continued Farobi's that the origins and association of the people philosophical views on the conflict in his who dominated the religious philosophy of the Address to the Nation: "... property inequality, 261 | P a g e NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS JournalNX- A Multidisciplinary Peer Reviewed Journal ISSN No: 2581 - 4230 VOLUME 6, ISSUE 7, July -2020 inequality of duties, differences are the main created. When it came to the existence of the causes of human social activity." In this way, universe, he probably made assumptions that it Ibn Sina emphasizes the conflict primarily as a had existed for millions of years. Beruni's view social phenomenon. Therefore, Ibn Sina's views of the role of material need in social life was on society in the process of interdependence remarkably different from that of the religious and exchange, in which people free each other idealists of the time. He advanced the idea that from any need, can be considered as a gradual the mind alone does not have the decisive continuation of Farobi's "Theory of Natural power for man, that only society gives him Needs." However, as noted above, while Farobi power and fame. The greatness of Beruni is contrasts The Theory of Natural Need with the that he was able to see the material needs of Doctrine of Violence and Coercion in Society, the people based on the emergence of society. Ibn Sina states that the rules and laws of justice Unlike Farobi and Ibn Sina, Abu Rayhan are established in society only after people are al-Biruni's valuable insights into the conflicts in freed from need in the process of society are found in his profound reflections on interdependence and exchange. he says. In a the division of labor in society: "When people society where "the rules and laws of justice are have different goals and intentions, so do arts enforced," it is natural for conflicts to diminish. and crafts." In order to create a human society, Beruni Money is the result of the division of labor draws conclusions from the standpoint of in society, Beruni said. In his view, the rationality, that is, rationalism. But it is circulation of money as gold and silver among unknown when society emerged. Therefore, men has no value. Because they cannot meet Beruni traces the emergence of human society any human need. At the heart of their dignity to several million years. This shows that lies barter. Misuse of money leads to evil- Beruni's views on the existence of the universe causing wealth. This wealth in turn leads to took a natural approach to the issue.
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