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Democracy Protests Dawn Brancati Index More Information Www Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13773-8 — Democracy Protests Dawn Brancati Index More Information Index 20th February Movement, 20 autocratization 8-88-88 uprising, 41 deinition, 156 frequency, 156 autogolpe, 15, 32, 53, 54, 115, 123, 156, Abdullah, King, 119 168 Abiola, Moshood, 33, 115, 131 Azerbaijan, 112–113, 153, 155–157 accommodation, 107 electoral malfeasance, 111–114 openness and competitiveness, 109, 111 Babangida, Ibrahim, 33, 115, 131 (re)restablish elections, 114–115 Bahrain, 2, 21, 156, 23–156, 176, 177 uphold elections, 115–116 Bahrain Uprising, 2, 121 Acemoglu, Daron, 10, 11, 41, 59, 141, 171, Bakiyev, Kurmanbek, 151, 154 180 Bangladesh, 30, 112–113, 131, 156 Afghanistan, 33, 90 Beaulieu, Emily, 11, 51, 80, 95 Africa, 1, 3, 8, 10, 30, 45, 63, 178 Beissinger, Mark R., 14, 49, 71 African National Congress, 150, 154 Belarus, 125 Agh¯ a-Solt¯ an,¯ Neda,¯ 2 Ben Ali, Zine al-Abidine, 8, 31, 111 agriculture, 12, 171 Benin, 55–56 Ahlquist, John S, 59, 171 Bermeo, Nancy, 10, 11, 14, 29 Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud, 109 Bersih, 20, 38 Akayev, Askar, 154 Bhutan, 34, 120 al-Sistani, Grand Ayatollah Ali, 22 Blue Jeans Revolution, 125 Albania, 7, 21, 27, 109, 110, 112, 113, Boi, Carles, 59 147, 148 Boix, Carles, 5, 11, 47, 59, 141, 142, 171, Alia, Ramiz, 27 173, 180 Allende, Salvador, 54 Bophuthatswana, 154 Almond, Gabriel, 10, 44 boycott, 95, 96 Ansell, Ben, 59 Brancati, Dawn, 85, 90 Arab Spring, 2, 8, 20, 42, 45, 46, 57, 119, Bratton, Michael, 14, 27 176–178 Bulgaria, 110, 122, 123, 136, 138, 147, Aristide, Jean-Bertrand, 32, 116, 149, 148, 165 157 Bulldozer Revolution, 23, 56, 123 Armenia, 112, 157 Bunce, Valerie J., 14, 49 Asia, 3–5, 30 Burkina Faso, 31, 110, 111, 153, 155 206 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13773-8 — Democracy Protests Dawn Brancati Index More Information Index 207 Burma, 2, 21, 22, 25, 27, 40–41, 120, 125, demands, 28–35, 140, 168, 138–170 153, 155, 157 duration, 27–28 Naypyidaw, 27 location, 5, 25–27 Burundi, 6 organizers, 6, 18–23 size, 23–25, 66, 128–138, 160–167 strategies, 35–37 Calderón, Felipe, 28, 32 deinition, 5 Cambodia, 35, 147, 151 frequency, 3 Cameroon, 147, 152 Democratic Constitutional Rally, 31 Cannibal Army, 32 democratic reforms capital mobility, 59, 142–143, 159, deinition, 152 170–175 frequency, 152 Castro, Fidel, 22 measures, 152 Ceau¸sescu, Ilie, 123 democratic transitions Ceau¸sescu, Nicolae, 56–58, 122–123, 136 deinition, 145 cell phones, 2, 3, 9, 10, 16, 24, 45, 78, 80, frequency, 146 82, 116, 118, 178 measures, 145 Central African Republic, 153, 155 democratization Chávez, Hugo, 46, 158 deinition, 145 Chalad, Vorachat, 120 measures, 145 Change Square, 27 Dominican Republic, 112, 113, 157 Charter 77, 20 Dunning, Thad, 49 Chatichai, Choonhavan, 151 Chenoweth, Erica, 36, 118, 141 Chernykh, Svitlana, 51, 80 East Germany, 22, 110, 131, 147, 148 chief executive, 6, 48, 122, 130–133, economic crises 136–143, 145, 153, 165, 167, 168, deinition, 11–14 175 measures Chile, 25, 54 economic conditions, 16, 75, 78–80, China, 2, 21, 25, 37, 117–118, 129–160 82–83, 85, 88, 92, 100 Chuan, Leekpai, 120 growth, 13, 16, 52, 62–67, 82–83, 85, Civic Forum, 20 87–88, 92, 99 civil war, 47, 62, 63, 114, 156 inlation, 13, 62, 67–71, 82–83, 85, Colored Revolutions, 3, 176 87–88, 99 Compaore, Blaise, 20 standard of living, 16, 43, 75–78, Congo, Democratic Republic of, 22, 33, 48, 82–83, 85, 88, 92, 100 62, 110, 111, 130, 147, 150 unemployment, 8, 13, 16, 71, 42–75, Congo, Republic of, 51, 112 82–83, 85, 87–88, 92, 99 corruption, 31, 40, 46, 48, 53, 58, 63, 66, youth unemployment, 71–75, 82–83, 90, 151 87–88, 92, 99 coup d’etat, 3, 7, 8, 20–22, 27, 32–34, 46, economic inequality, 54, 59, 62, 67, 127, 49, 53, 52–54, 57, 59, 81, 109, 141–142, 159, 170–175 114–116, 123, 136, 149, 151, 156, education, 46, 47, 62, 67, 71, 77, 80, 82, 160, 168, 179 142, 171, 171 Croatia, 153, 155 Egypt, 20, 21, 25, 37, 42, 45, 46, 57, 58, Cuba, 22 59, 109, 110, 121–124, 129–131, 136, Czechoslovakia, 20, 110, 131, 147, 148 138, 147–149, 153, 155, 160, 176, 177, 179 electoral fraud, 51, 52, 80, 85, 90–96, 104, Davenport, Christian, 36, 141 111, 111–114 de Klerk, FW, 150 emergency rule, 21, 24, 117, 156 democracy protests Equatorial Guinea, 12 characteristics, 18–37 Estrada, Joseph, 32 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13773-8 — Democracy Protests Dawn Brancati Index More Information 208 Index Ethiopia, 21, 112, 125, 157 Ibrahim, Anwar, 31 Euromaidan, 3, 6 incumbent turnover, 96 Europe, 3–5, 30 incumbents, 51–52 European Union (EU), 63, 116, 126, Indonesia, 34, 41, 110, 131, 147, 148 125–126 Inglehart, Ronald, 10, 44 Eyadéma, Gnassingbé, 34 International Monetary Fund, 41, 49 internet, 2, 9, 10, 16, 24, 45, 62, 67, 71, 78, 78, 80, 82, 116, 118, 178 Facebook, 118, 119 Iran, 2, 19, 25, 31, 57, 109, 110, 117, 118, Fiji, 22 121, 157 Five Percent Rule, 25 Iraq, 20, 22, 147, 152 foreign aid, 48, 49, 71, 125 Israel, 31–140 France, 5, 55 Ivory Coast, 7, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58, 96, 109, Frantz, Erica, 135, 164, 167 110, 115, 131, 147–148, 152, 153 Freedom Square, 26 Fujimori, Alberto, 54, 151 Kérékou, Mathieu, 55–56 Karzai, Hamid, 90 Gabon, 110–112, 147, 149, 153, 155 Kaufman, Robert R, 10, 15, 58, 171 Gallup World Polls, 14, 78, 13–78, 80 Kaunda, Kenneth, 54, 150 Gbagbo, Laurent, 7, 33, 52, 58, 115 Kazakhstan, 31 Geddes, Barbara, 10, 11, 81, 135, 164, 167 Kefaya, 20 Georgia, Republic of, 23, 35, 37, 48, 49, Kenya, 22, 155, 36–155, 157 52, 112–113, 122–124, 131, 136, 138, Khatami, Mohammad, 19 152–154, 167 King Letsie III, 32 Ghana, 55, 147, 152 Koštunica, Vojislav, 1, 56, 112 Gnassingbé, Faure, 7, 34, 110 Kosovo, 123 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 115–116, 149 Kuchma, Leonid, 44, 124 Green Revolution, 2, 19, 118 Kurdish Democratic Society Party, 31 Guatemala, 33, 109–110, 122–123, 136, Kuwait, 34, 109, 116, 130, 153, 155 147, 152 Kyrgyzstan, 29, 37–38, 112, 131, 147, Gueï, Robert, 33, 52, 58, 149 151–154, 157 Guinea, 29, 112, 153, 155, 155 Gulf Cooperation Council, 57, 130, 154 Latin America, 3–5 Guyana, 35, 51–52, 112, 147, 152 Latortue, Gérard, 116 Gyanendra, King, 114 Lee, Kuan Yew, 43 Lesotho, 15, 32, 115–116 ¯ Letsie III, King, 15, 116 Had¯ i, Abdurabuh Mans.ur,¯ 59, 154, 179 Levitsky, Steven, 11, 54 Haggard, Stephan, 10, 15, 58, 171 Lichbach, Mark, 25, 81 Haiti, 32, 112, 113, 116, 130, 147, 149, Lipset, Seymour, 10, 44 156, 157 Herindahl–Hirschman index, 142, 174 Madagascar, 96, 110–113, 147, 149, 157 Herri Batasuna, 31 majority and plurality systems, 94, 105 Honduras, 20, 21, 27, 52, 54 Makoni, Simba, 50 Hong Kong, 1, 43, 48–49, 120 Malawi, 153, 155 Hoyte, Desmond, 51–52 Malaysia, 31, 38, 147, 151 Hun, Sen, 151, 151 Mali, 57, 112, 112, 131, 147, 150–154, Hungary, 147, 150 157 Huntington, Samuel P, 10, 11, 14, 156, Mangope, Lucas, 154 180 margin of victory, 52, 85, 102–105 Hyde, Susan D, 51, 80, 91, 95 Marinov, Nikolay, 51, 80, 95 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-13773-8 — Democracy Protests Dawn Brancati Index More Information Index 209 Mauritania, 110, 147–148, 157 Ouattara, Alassane, 31, 33, 52 Medvedev, Dmitry, 130 Ouedraogo, Clement, 20 Mexico, 25, 28, 31, 71, 112, 117 Middle East, 1, 30, 42, 45, 63, 178 Pakistan, 21, 24–25, 33, 114, 147–149 Miloševic,´ Slobodan, 1, 20, 56, 112, Pearl Roundabout, 2 123–124, 137, 148, 156 Peru, 21, 29, 54, 147, 151 Mladenov, Petar, 122 Philippines, 20, 32, 35 Mobutu Sese Seko, Joseph, 48, 130 physical integrity rights (PIR) index, 81, modernization theories, 61, 80, 82, 164, 90, 94, 95, 97, 133, 135, 137, 177 164–165, 167 Mohammed VI, King, 114, 178 Pinochet, Augusto, 25 Moldova, 112 polity index, 135, 145, 81–146, 152, 156, Mongolia, 21, 53, 109, 110, 131, 135, 147, 160, 164–165, 167–168, 188–189 148 Préval, René, 113, 149 Mongolian Democratic Union, 21 proportional representation systems, 94 Montt, Ríos Efraín, 109, 152 Przeworski, Adam, 5, 10, 47, 48 Morocco, 20, 26, 33, 34, 96, 114, 147, Putin, Vladimir, 24, 53, 117, 119, 130 148, 176, 178, 179 Morsi, Mohamed, 57, 59, 160–179 Mousavi, Mir Hossein, 19 Ríos Montt, Efraín, 109 Mozambique, 112, 113 rally, 36 Mswati III, King, 48 deinition, 6 Mubarak, Hosni, 2, 46, 55, 59, 124, 130, Ratsiraka, Didier, 96, 149 155, 179 Ravalomanana, Marc, 96 Mugabe, Robert, 50–51, 58, 62 Rawlings, Jerry J, 55 Musharraf, Pervez, 21, 24, 33, 114, religion 149 groups, 23, 21–23 repression nonviolent repression, 116–121 National Elections across Democracy and communication networks, 118–119 Autocracy (NELDA), 9, 90 counterprotests, 116, 119–121 National Popular Resistance Front, 20 public demonstrations, 116–118 Ne Win, General, 41 violent repression, 121–124 Nepal, 110, 148, 114–148, 157 military, 121–124 Nguema, Macías, 12 paramilitary, 121–124 Niger, 7, 34, 147, 150, 151, 155, 157 police, 121–124 Nigeria, 33, 35, 96, 110, 115, 131, 147, Robinson, James A, 10, 11, 41, 59, 141, 150, 153, 155, 157 171, 180 nongovernmental groups, 20–21 Romania, 58, 122–124, 131, 136–165 North Atlantic Treaty Organization Romanian Revolution, 56, 123 (NATO), 56, 123 Rose Revolution, 23, 37, 48, 49, 52 Rueschemeyer, Dietrich, 10, 26, 44, 67 Russia, 56, 66, 112, 113, 117, 125, 130, O’Donnell, Guillermo, 11, 14, 29, 156, 157 180 Rwanda, 63 Obrador, López, 28, 32 Occupy Central, 120 October Square, 27 Saffron Revolution, 41 oil, 46, 68, 174 Saleh, Ali Abdullah, 27, 42, 57–59, 119, Oman, 30 126, 130, 154, 179 Orange Revolution, 19, 52, 53, 118, 119, Samuels, David, 59 124 Sassou Nguesso, Denis,
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