A Cena Black Rio: Circulação De Discos E Identidade Negra / Andre Garcia Braga

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A Cena Black Rio: Circulação De Discos E Identidade Negra / Andre Garcia Braga UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE – UFRN CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES – CCHLA DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTROPOLOGIA – DAN PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ANTROPOLOGIA SOCIAL – PPGAS A CENA BLACK RIO : circulação de discos e identidade negra Andre Garcia Braga Natal, fevereiro de 2015 1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE – UFRN CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES – CCHLA DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTROPOLOGIA – DAN PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ANTROPOLOGIA SOCIAL – PPGAS A CENA BLACK RIO : circulação de discos e identidade negra Andre Garcia Braga Dissertação apresentada aoPrograma dePós- Graduação emAntropologia Social da UFRN,como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de mestre em Antropologia Social. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Edmundo Marcelo Mendes Pereira Natal, fevereiro de 2015 2 Catalogação da Publicação na Fonte Biblioteca Central Zila Mamede – Setor de Informação e Referência Braga, Andre Garcia. A cena black Rio: circulação de discos e identidade negra / Andre Garcia Braga. - Natal, 2016. 135 f. : il. Orientador: Dr. Edmundo Marcelo Mendes Pereira. Dissertação (Mestrado em Antropologia Social) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas. Programa de Pós-graduação em Antropologia Social. 1. Cena Black Rio - Dissertação. 2. Discos - Dissertação. 3. Atlântico Negro - Dissertação. I. Pereira, Edmundo Marcelo Mendes. II. Título. RN/UF/BCZM CDU 39 3 A CENA BLACK RIO : circulação de discos e identidade negra Andre Garcia Braga MEMBROS DA BANCA EXAMINADORA: _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Edmundo Marcelo Mendes Pereira – Orientador (PPGAS/UFRN) __________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. João Miguel Sautchuk– Membro externo (PPGAS/UnB) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Guilherme Octaviano do Valle – Membro interno (PPGAS/UFRN) ___________________________________________________________________ Prof.Dr. Luiz Carvalho de Assunção– Suplente (PPGAS/UFRN) 4 RESUMO O presente trabalho pretende, a partir da análise da circulação de discos de vinil em uma determinada situação histórica, produzir uma interpretação da formação e desenvolvimento do fenômeno sociocultural conhecido como cena Black Rio , ocorrido no Rio de Janeiro na década de 70 do século XX. Trata-se também de mapear o campo artístico e de consumo em ação na cena, inserindo-o em um contexto mais amplo de circulação de cultura caracterizado no conceito que Paul Gilroy (2012) nomeia de Atlântico negro . Ao inserir a Black Rio ao Atlântico negro , a pesquisa permitiu, desta maneira, a possibilidade de investigação da formação de identidades locais a partir de referenciais estrangeiros ou globais, e dos estilos de vida decorrentes deste processo de ressignificação e trocas culturais.Em um segundomomento, faz-se um esforço para se entender a identidade racial e a sua conexão com a dimensão política do contexto dos bailes e da cena Black Rio . Utilizando-se para tanto dos trabalhos de Hall, Giacomini e Sansone, que orbitam em torno dos conceitos de raça, etnicidade e identidade, planeja- se, no limite, refletir sobre a seguinte questão: o quão negra (ou black ) foi (ou é) a cena Black Rio ? 5 ABSTRACT This work aims to make, through the analysis of vinyl discs circulation in a certain historical situation, an interpretation of the formation and development of the social- cultural phenomenon known as Black Rio scene, which took place in Rio de Janeiro in the 20th century’s 70s. It also intends to map the field of arts and consumerism that took place in the scene, including it in the wider context of circulation of culture rooted in the concept that Paul Gilroy (2012) names Black Atlantic. By associating Black Rio with the Black Atlantic, this reasearch has thus allowed the possibility for investigating the formation of “native” or local identities related to foreign or global references, and the lifestyles that sprung from this process of cultural ressignification and exchange. On a second step, we make an effort to understand the racial identity and its connection to the political dimension of the context of the festivals and the Black Rio scene. For this purpose, we refer to the writings by Hall, Giacomini and Sansone, who explore the concepts of race, ethnicity and identity, and we try to think about the following question: how black was (or is) the Black Rio scene? 6 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço primeiramente aos meus interlocutores no campo, profundos entendedores da música e mais especificamente da nossa paixão em comum: a soul music . Djhoe, Jacaré, Ilson, Peixinho, Gil, Carlinhos Trumpete, Nélio, Ricardo e Jorge Nunes, o DJ Foca, me ensinaram muito sobre o repertório da música negra dos anos 60, 70 e 80, também sobre os álbuns, as músicas e suas especificidades – a vocês minha sincera gratidão. Agradeço também ao casal João e Sabrina, que com toda a paciência e zelo, me acolheram em sua casa durante os períodos de trabalho de campo no Rio de Janeiro. Também fizeram parte do processo de amadurecimento desta dissertação os professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social da UFRN, dentre os quais Julie Cavignac, Madiana Andrade, Rita de Cássia Neves e Rozeli Porto que ministraram as disciplinas que cursei no programa; e, Luiz Assunção e Carlos Guilherme Valle cujas críticas e sugestões feitas durante o exame de qualificação se revelaram de grande valia para o desenvolvimento do texto. Agradeço em particular ao meu orientador, Edmundo Pereira, o qual encampou o tema e o projeto da dissertação desde o seu início e esteve sempre disponível e disposto a discutir, ouvir e criticar, tornando o processo de construção do tema e do texto extremamente engrandecedor do ponto de vista pessoal e pedagógico do ponto de vista teórico-metodológico. Por fim agradeço a minha doce companheira Juliana e meu querido filho Joãozinho pela compreensão e suporte durante o período de realização deste curso de Mestrado. 7 SUMÁRIO Introdução............................................................................................................... 10 Capítulo 1: O mundo do Atlântico negro .............................................................. 18 1. Atlântico negro, periferia carioca................................................................... 18 2. Música como entrada analítica....................................................................... 28 Capítulo 2: Dos racerecords às coletâneas das equipes de som : a formação da indústria fonográfica e o fluxo dos discos dos Estados Unidos para o Brasil........................................................................................................................ 34 1. A produção dos discos: a luta pelos direitos civis nos EUA.......................... 34 2. A recepção dos discos: a indústria fonográfica no Brasile a formação de um novo segmento de mercado........................................................................... 43 Capítulo 3: Black Rio ............................................................................................. 51 1. A cena Black Rio : alguns elementos de contexto........................................... 51 2. A circulação dos discos: o campo artístico e de consumo na cena Black Rio 57 3. De set lists a coletâneas .................................................................................. 70 Capítulo 4: Política, estilo black e identidade na cena Black Rio ...................... 82 1. Classe Média, estilo black e Noites Shaft .................................................... 83 2. Outros olhares sobre a cena Black Rio ......................................................... 99 3. Essencialismo e antiessencialismo............................................................... 110 Considerações finais............................................................................................... 118 Referências Bibliográficas..................................................................................... 123 Anexo – Catálogos parciais dos selos brasileiros TAPECAR e TOP TAPE MÚSICA.................................................................................................................. 125 8 Agora, descendo a Quinta Avenida, de calçada a calçada, vinha uma onda de frios rostos negros, mudos e sem piscar, porque o que tinham a dizer, mas não confiavam em si mesmos para dizer, os tambores diziam por eles, e o que tinham visto com seus próprios olhos e através dos olhos de outros, os tambores descreviam perfeitamente. (Toni Morrisson – Jazz) 9 10 Introdução O fenômeno o qual pretendo discorrer e analisar neste texto ocorreu no Rio de Janeiro, na primeira metade da década de 70 do século XX, e consiste na produção e circulação de discos fonográficos no contexto de formação e desenvolvimento da cena 1 ou do circuito 2 de bailes que foram influenciados pelo que se denominou cultura black , que aconteceu nas periferias 3 da cidade, principalmente na zona norte. Este circuito de bailes era o pano de fundo para a apresentação de uma cultura expressiva negra e carioca, para a formação de uma cena , que identificava os jovens dos bairros mais periféricos, em sua maioria negros e negras. A esta cena foi cunhada a expressão Black Rio pela jornalista Lena Frias em reportagem do Jornal do Brasil de 1976, onde a repórter fez uma incursão ao mundo dosbailes black e levou ao conhecimento das classes média e alta da zona sul do Rio de Janeiro o universo desconhecido dos bailes, da soul
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