Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology The Power of the Mars Program University of Michigan April 5, 2017
Leslie K. Tamppari Deputy Project Scientist, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Outline
• Intro slide and my background • Overview of Mars Exploration Program (5) • Interaction between the projects – Intro slide – Science, Landing sites seection, Areobraking, Landing support, Relay • MRO is key player – Instrument overview – How these data are used in • Science • Landing site selection and safety • Aerobraking and landing – Recent results • ExoMars EDM • InSight • ExoMars • 2020 (NASA and ESA) • Red Dragon • NASA 2020 – three final sites – Show them – Science overview of the mission – Instrumentation • Summary
February 23, 2017 Pg. 2 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
February 23, 2017 Pg. 4 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Interaction between spacecraft
• Science, Landing sites seection, Areobraking, Landing support, Relay
February 23, 2017 Pg. 5 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory AerobrakingCalifornia Institute of Technology : March - August 2006
Artist’s Concept Credit: LMSSC / JPL / NASA February 23, 2017 Pg. 6 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Support of other missions: LandingCalifornia Institute ofsite Technology selection, characterization, certification
HiRISE / UA / JPL / NASA High rock densityRock area (> 50%Abundance coverage) CFA 4-5 m boulders< 5%
HiRISE / UA / JPL / NASA
100 m
February 23, 2017 Pg. 7 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration RatedJet Propulsion “Excellent” Laboratory in 2016 Planetary Mission Senior Review California Institute of Technology 11 Years in Orbit 7 Science Investigations ~50,000 orbits Still Returning 300 Tb of Data Science Data Returned ~1000 Publications in ~200 kg of peer-reviewed Usable Fuel still Journals in the Tank Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
@Copyright 2016 California Institute of Technology February 23, 2017 Government sponsorship acknowledged. Pg. 8 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology MRO Science Investigations
HIRISE SHARAD ~49,000 images ~21,000 Observing Strips
(~5000 stereo) Buried CO2 Ice ~2.8% of Mars Polar Cap Internal RSL, Gullies, Structure SHARAD HiRISE Dunes, Polar Caps Mid-latitude Ice
CRISM MCS ~85% msp IR ~150 M Soundings ~39% hsp IR ~94% of 5.4 MYrs ~76% hsp VNIR Vert. Dust Profiles Limb Scans Dust Storm Patterns MCS Ancient Aqueous Minerals Tidal Structure CRISM ATO’s (6-12 m/pixel) CO2 snow and frost
CTX CTX MARCI ~92,000 images ~99% of ~47,000 images Mars 20% in dual 5.4 Myrs coverage ~3600 Daily Global Maps Stratigraphy Dust & Ice Clouds MARCI New Impacts Dust Storm Tracks
February 23, 2017 Pg. 9 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mars Landing Sites
February 23, 2017 12 Pg. 10 NASA/JPL-Caltech Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Seven Downselected MSL Landing Sites:
Mawrth Vallis Nili Fossae Trough
South Meridiani
Miyamoto Crater Gale Crater
Eberswalde Crater Holden Crater
Seven Sites Receiving Highest Science Ranking: Shaded areas poleward of 30°, elevations >1 km Green outlines denote final four sites based on science, engineering February 23, 2017 Pg. 11 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Final Four MSL Landing Ellipses
Eberswalde -23.8953ºS 326.7426ºE -1435 m Gale -4.4868ºS 137.4239ºE -4449 m
Eberswalde Gale
Mawrth 23.9883ºN 341.0399ºE -2231 m Holden -26.4007ºS 325.1615ºE -2088 m
Holden Mawrth 2 4/12/12 12 February 23, 2017 Pg. 12 25 km by 20 km Ellipses E-W for 2011 E. Noe, Y. Sun Ellipses Exact Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Images Georeferenced National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology HiRISE Image Coverage in Ellipse
February 23,4/12/12 2017 Golombek, MSL Landing Site 13 Pg. 13 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration EberswaldeJet Propulsion Laboratory CRISM Coverage California Institute of Technology
Gale
Holden
Mawrth February 23, 2017 Pg. 14 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Gale Crater
Land on Cratered Plains
Smooth, Flat, Cratered Plains
“Go To”
Sample Strata Here
Drive up Canyon Here
February 23, 2017 Golombek, MSL Landing Site Pg. 15 4/12/12 15 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Gale Crater: K. Edgett, R. Anderson, J. Bell, D. Sumner, R. Milliken
Malin and Edgett 2000
From Brad Thomson February 23, 2017 Pg. 16 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
CRISM FRT 58A3 Draped on CTX From Ralph Milliken
CTX image on DEM from L. Edwards and K. Edgett Gale Crater
February 23, 2017 Pg. 17 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology MRO Science Highlights
Three annually repeating periods of large dust events
Southern Spring Southern Summer
(a) Daytime 60 e Northern Response
d 30 u
t
i 0 t
a -30
Zonal Mean L C -60 A Temperature B
(b) Nighttime
at 50 Pa 60 e
(~25 km) d 30 u
t
i 0 t
a -30 L -60
Ls = 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 180 190 200 210 220 230 Temperature (K) Reference: Kass, et al. (2016). Interannual similarity in the Martian atmosphere during the dust storm season, February 23, 2017 Pg. 18 Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, doi: 10.1002/2016GRL068978. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology MRO Supports ExoMars EDM
• MCS Profiles the Atmosphere EDM Heat near EDM Entry; Shield • CTX finds the impact location post-landing; Lander Impact • HiRISE resolves the EDM flight elements: Lander, Back-shell, Heat Shield. ExoMars EDM
EDM Backshell with Parachute
February 23, 2017 Pg. 19 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology MRO Science Highlights
Recent MARCI global weather map
February 23, 2017 Pg. 20 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mission Overview
LAUNCH CRUISE/APPROACH ENTRY, DESCENT & SURFACE MISSION • Atlas V 541 vehicle • ~7 month cruise LANDING • 20 km traverse distance capability • Launch Readiness • Arrive Feb 2021 • MSL EDL system (+ Range • Enhanced surface productivity Date: July 2020 Trigger and Terrain Relative Navigation): guided entry and • Qualified to 1.5 Martian year lifetime • Launch window: powered descent/Sky Crane • Seeking signs of past life July/August 2020 • 16 x 14 km landing ellipse (range • Returnable cache of samples trigger baselined) • Prepare for human exploration • Access to landing sites ±30° of Mars latitude, ≤ -0.5 km elevation • Curiosity-class Rover
February 23, 2017 Pg. 21 21 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mars 2020 Mission Objectives
GEOLOGIC HABITABILITY AND PREPARE A PREPARE FOR HUMAN EXPLORATION BIOSIGNATURES RETURNABLE CACHE EXPLORATION
• Explore an ancient • Assess habitability of ancient • Capability to collect ~40 • Measure temperature, humidity, environment on Mars environment samples and blanks, 20 in wind, and dust environment prime mission • Understand processes of • Seek evidence of past life • Demonstrate In Situ Resource formation and alteration • Include geologic diversity Utilization by converting
• Select sampling locations atmospheric CO2 to O2 with high biosignature • Deposit samples on the preservation potential surface for possible return
February 23, 2017 Pg. 22 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Jet Propulsion Laboratory CuriosityCalifornia Institute science of Technology payload California Institute of Technology
ChemCam (Chemistry) Mastcam APXS (Imaging) RAD (Chemistry) MAHLI (Imaging) REMS (Radiation) (Weather)
DAN (Subsurface Hydrogen)
Drill Scoop Brush Sieves
SAM MARDI February 23, 2017 CheMin Pg. 2323 (Chemistry (Imaging) and Isotopes) (Mineralogy) Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
improved stereo zoom camera
February 23, 2017 Pg. 24 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
Drive 1RIMFAX: A ViewDriveBeneath 2 the Surface Drive 3
February 23, 2017 Pg. 25 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory SuperCam: California Institute of Technology Enhanced ChemCam Before After
ChemCam Target: Beechey (Sol 19) Power: 1 Gigawatt February 23, 2017 5-spot raster, shots per spot: 50 Pg. 26 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Color RMI, LIBS, Raman, VISIR Before After
February 23, 2017 Pg. 27 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
February 23, 2017 Pg. 28 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology WATSON
February 23, 2017 Pg. 29 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PIXL: Planetary Instrument For X-ray Lithochemistry
micro x-ray fluorescence for elemental mapping with sub-mm resolution
February 23, 2017 Pg. 30 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory SHERLOC: Scanning Habitable Environments with California Institute of Technology Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals
Organic & Mineral Analyzer SHERLOC’s Deep UV Raman view through Crystalline SiO2 G-Band Less Thermally WATSON Mature High Resolution Camera Organic Image Deep UV Fluorescence
1mm
More Mature Less Mature February 23, 2017 Pg. 31 Organic Maturity Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
temperature, humidity, wind, dust analyzer
February 23, 2017 Pg. 32 Pressure sensor Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory (MEDA PS) California Institute of Technology MEDA subsystems MEDA PS is a miniature pressure device based on Vaisala proprietary Barocap® technology and transducer electronics. The measurements are controlled by Vaisala proprietary ASIC. The technology of the Barocap® is well known and it has been used before in 6 missions, including MSL (REMS-P) and Exomars 2016 Schiaparelli lander (DREAMS-P). MEDA PS design is very similar to REMS-P, inheriting some parts also from DREAMS-P.
2 transducers share the same PCB, both containing several Barocap® pressure sensor heads and Thermocap® temperature sensors. The electronics are protected by box-like Faraday cages. Pressure is equalized between the inside of the Faraday cages and the outside via pipe.
12.2.2015 2
February 23, 2017 Pg. 33 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology MOXIE
…a possible future… STEP 02: OXYGEN
STEP 01:
February 23, 2017 MARS ATMOSPHEREPg. 34 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Spacecraft Build Approach
- Built in-house at JPL - Lowest cost and risk per make-buy study and industry RFIs
- Built by Lockheed-Martin/Denver - Procure as sole source—most cost effective
Launch Vehicle - Built in-house at JPL - KSC/Launch Services - Major industry subcontracts/components Program procurement - Rebuild in-house due to criticality of EDL and rover interface MMRTG - DoE procurement to industry - Built in-house at JPL - Major industry subcontracts/components - Spanish contributed High Gain Antenna Science & Exploration - Rebuild in-house due to complexity of vehicle, Technology Investigations - Source per proposals via AO residual hardware, criticality of EDL and rover selection interface, operations experience
MEDLI2 - Built by Lockheed-Martin/Denver - NASA Centers (LaRC, - Procure as sole source—most cost effective ARC, and JPL)
February 23, 2017 Pg. 35 35 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mars 2020 Rover Concept
High Heritage from MSL ▪ Avionics ▪ Power ▪ GN&C ▪ Telecom ▪ Thermal ▪ Mobility Changed ▪ New Science Instrument Suite ▪ New Sampling Caching System ▪ Modified Chassis ▪ Modified Rover Harness ▪ Modified Surface FSW ▪ Modified Rover Motor Controller ▪ Modified Wheels
February 23, 2017 Pg. 36 36 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mars 2020 Mission Objectives
◼ Conduct Rigorous In Situ Science A. Geologic Context and History Carry out an integrated set of context, contact, and spatially- coordinated measurements to characterize the geology of the landing site B. In Situ Astrobiology Using the geologic context as a foundation, find and characterize ancient habitable environments, identify rocks with the highest chance of preserving signs of ancient Martian life if it were present, and within those environments, seek the signs of life ◼ Enable the Future C. Sample Return Assemble rigorously documented and returnable cached samples for possible return to Earth D. Human Exploration Facilitate future human exploration by making significant progress towards filling major strategic knowledge gaps and… Technology …demonstrate technology required for future Mars exploration ◼ Execute Within Current Financial Realities – Utilize MSL-heritage design and a moderate instrument suite to stay within the resource constraints specified by NASA
February 23, 2017 Pg. 37 37 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Mars 2020 Payload Family Picture
Instrument Key Mastcam-Z Stereo Imager MEDA Mars Environmental Measurement MOXIE In-Situ Oxygen Production
PIXL Microfocus X-ray fluorescence spectrometer RIMFAX Ground Penetrating Radar SHERLOC Fluorescence and Raman spectrometer and Visible context imaging SuperCam LIBS and Raman
February 23, 2017 Pg. 38 38 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Cruise / EDL Systems – In Assembly
February 23, 2017 Pg. 39 39 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Project Overview
Salient Features ▪ Category: 1 ▪ Risk Class: A-tailored ▪ Directed, JPL in-house implementation ▪ High heritage MSL design ▪ Modifications only as necessary to accommodate new payload and Sampling / Caching System (SCS) ▪ Planetary Protection Category V Restricted Earth Return per Level 1 Requirements
Science ▪ Assess past habitability of an astrobiologically relevant ancient environment on Mars ▪ Assess biosignature preservation potential with the environment and search for biosignatures ▪ Assemble cached samples for possible future return to Earth
Technology ▪ Advance technologies with applications to future human and robotic explorations objectives
February 23, 2017 Pg. 40 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and MROSpace Administration & Landing Sites: Jezero Crater Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
clays
delta
CRISM / JHUAPL / JPL / NASA 41 February 23, 2017 Pg. 41 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Progress on Landing Sites
900 HLS2 Human EZ Planned ExoMars & 2020 806809809809809 83% Mars 2020 Planned 794797800800 800 ExoMars Planned 744 % acquired 724 ExoMars EDM Planned 715 of requested InSight Planned 700 671 658661 644 MSL Planned 629 636 620 619628 47 40% 609611 41 43 Total Planned Targets 599 35 37 600 577 34 35 560 562 28 Total Requested Targets 547 540 19 516 520 14 503505505 510 6 480488 484493 0 94% 500 469464471471467 472 235235236 460 460 234234 450 231234 434 228 413 409415 224227 390 224 Note: 379 214219 400 360 206 - The data shown does 196201 334 187191 not account for the Number Targets of Number 311 181 173 number of attempts 284295 171 300 272 156162 180 81% made per target. 263 147 166170176177 246 129 150158160 - MSL counts are shown 119 140142 113 120125132 109 104110113 from MSL EDL 99 105 89 94 98 200 91 81 83 24 24 24 75% (8/2012) 65 71 73 18 19 20 21 22 23 59 10 10 10 10 10 12 14 - There are 5 additional 49 52 9 9 9 10 41 42 47 9 9 9 9 9 2020 acquired targets 35 8 9 8 8 8 8 116117118119121121121125126129131133134135137137139 99% for HiRISE against the 100 92 94 98 101103105110115 67 70 72 75 80 86 list that are not shown (taken prior to 8/2012) 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 100%
0 *this includes up to May…
May… rm267_1b final IPTFs
Jul-14 Jul-15 Jul-16
Jan-17 Jan-15 Jan-16
Jun-16 Jun-15
Oct-15 Oct-16
February 23, 2017 Oct-14 Pg. 42
Sep-14 Feb-15 Sep-15 Feb-16 Sep-16
Apr-15 Apr-16
Dec-14 Dec-15 Dec-16
Mar-15 Mar-16
Aug-14 Nov-14 Aug-15 Nov-15 Aug-16 Nov-16 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology MRO: More to Come!
MRO continues to operate nominally in its dual- purpose mission of scientific observation and programmatic support • MRO is working to ensure spacecraft operability through 2023 (2020 Rover Prime Mission) – All-Stellar Mode being developed to preserve IMU lifetime – Eclipse power management being instituted to extend battery life – Onboard fuel adequate for nominal operations and critical event support (2018 InSight, 2020 Rovers) – Landing site reconnaissance for InSight, 2020 Mars & ExoMars rovers continues Earth (and Moon) as seen – Preparing to support EDL and surface relay for InSight and Red by MRO on Nov 20th Dragon – Continuing relay support for MER and MSL! from Mars orbit. • Exciting EM4 mission is in progress with all Acquired at a range of 205 instruments operating million km (~200 km/pixel) – 1 of 3 CRISM coolers continuing to yield good data in bimonthly cold cycles – HiRISE detector aging mitigated by warm-ups – MCS, MARCI, CTX, SHARAD show no signs of aging
February 23, 2017 Pg. 43 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory FinalCalifornia Mars Institute of Technology2020 Candidate Landing Sites
JEZERO NE SYRTIS COLUMBIA HILLS
• Deltaic/lacustrine deposition • Extremely ancient igneous, • Carbonate, sulfate, and with Hesperian lava flow and hydrothermal, and silica-rich outcrops of hydrous alteration sedimentary environments possible hydrothermal origin and Hesperian lava flow • Evidence for hydrous • High mineralogic diversity minerals from CRISM, with phyllosilicates, sulfates, • Potential biosignatures including carbonates carbonates, olivine identified
• Serpentinization and • Previously explored by MER subsurface habitability?
February 23, 2017 Pg. 44 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter StructureNational Aeronautics of and One Space Major Type of Martian Dust Storm Suggests Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory CaliforniaThey Institute Are of Technology Driven by Strong Winds Behind Cold Fronts
MOLA track
Ruffled/plume-like storm Feature width shrinks in interior of storm
Earth Dust storms on Mars have three major types of cloud-top structures in visible imagery. One type (ruffled/plume-like) is commonly observed in a very smooth area with a dusty surface in Mars’s northern plains. Using observations from multiple types of instruments on MGS and MRO, it was found that the elongated linear features in these storms strongly resemble cloud streets in the Earth’s atmosphere, particularly the type known as “wide, mixed layer rolls.” On Earth, these form over bodies of water after the passage of cold fronts. The storms on Mars likely Cloud streets have a similar dynamical origin, with the dusty Martian surface acting like a body of water. For more details, see: N.G. Heavens (2017), Textured Dust Storm MODIS-TERRA, Activity in NE Amazonis–SW Arcadia, Mars: Phenomenology and 7 Jan. 2014 Dynamical Interpretation, accepted by J. Atmos. Sci. Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
Curiosity: Little CO2 in Ancient Mars Atmosphere Examining minerals in mudstones formed at the bottom of a lake three and half billion years ago on Mars deepens the ‘faint young Sun’
• Satellites have spent decades looking for paradox.Gale Crater carbonate minerals on Mars – the remnants of a thick carbon dioxide rich atmosphere thought to have helped keep the planet warmer early in Ancient river and lake its history than today, despite a dimmer Sun. deposits • Carbonate minerals are not as common as expected, but may be buried deep within the • The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity Rover sampled crust or covered in dust, limiting visibility from ancient lake sediments in Gale Crater containing basaltic minerals space. that should have reacted to form carbonates if a thick carbon dioxide atmosphere were present. CheMin, an X-ray diffraction instrument on MSL that detects minerals, has not found any Drilling ancient carbonates. This limits carbon dioxide to tens to hundreds of times lakebed lower than levels required by some Mars climate models in which lakes and rivers can form and flow on the surface without freezing. • Other ways to keep ancient Mars warm enough to explain evidence of river networks and lakes widespread across the planet in older
NASA/JPL-Caltech terrains are needed. Bristow et al. 2017- PNAS Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Jezero Crater
from T. Goudge presentation at LSW3 Positives: Oldest crater lake site (Noachian), with well-defined fine-grained deltaic facies attractive for biosignature investigation. Large, geologically diverse headwaters region. Carbonate bearing unit that may preserve record of ancient climate. Deep open-basin lake. February 23, 2017 Slide courtesy of Ken Farley, M2020 Project Scientist Pg. 47 Negative: Potential volcanic unit is very young (<2 Ga) and may Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology NE Syrtis
from J. Mustard and M. Bramble at LSW3 Positives: Lithologic diversity spanning long period of early Mars. Clear, readily accessible stratigraphy within the ellipse. Isidis(?) megabreccia, phyllosilicates, abundant carbonates in stratigraphy (subsurface aquifer?, serpentinizing system?).
Negatives: In-ellipse mafic unit may not be volcanic. In-place Syrtris Major lavas probably too distant from ellipse to reach.
February 23, 2017 Slide courtesy of Ken Farley, M2020 Project Scientist Pg. 48 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Columbia Hills
from presentations by S. Ruff and R. Arvidson at LSW3 Positives: Digitate silica structures possibly from ancient hot spring may be potentially habitable environment with high preservation potential. Diverse igneous suite. Highly rated by RSSB.
Negatives: Origin/age of key silica deposit is disputed. Environment is dusty, impeding instrument performance. Site has already been investigated with a capable rover, making it less clear what original contributions Mars 2020 can make in-situ.
February 23, 2017 Slide courtesy of Ken Farley, M2020 Project Scientist Pg. 49 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Closing on the Final Landing Site List
1. Project Engineering and Science will continue to work closely together to assess any operational challenges at the highly rated sites.
2. The Mars 2020 PSG and science team will critically assess the pros, cons, uncertainties and risks of the highly rated sites. We will work to develop a science plan at each site (including evaluation of specific regions of interest), and what could be accomplished both in-situ and in terms of cached samples.
3. For Columbia Hills, further assessment of the silica target's origin is being undertaken, as will evaluation of any challenges for its study/collection by the rover. The Mars 2020 PSG will consider how and to what extent the rover's instrument suite can advance scientific
February 23, 2017 knowledgeSlide at courtesy this of Ken previously Farley, M2020 Project visitedScientist site. Pg. 50 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Science Instruments
Instrument Key Mastcam-Z Stereo Imager MEDA Mars Environmental Measurement MOXIE In-Situ Oxygen Production PIXL Microfocus X-ray fluorescence spectrometer RIMFAX Ground Penetrating Radar SHERLOC Fluorescence and Raman spectrometer and Visible context imaging SuperCam LIBS and Raman Full complement of instruments is still under development, with no reduction in capabilities
Five of seven instruments have had their Critical Design Review (only MEDA and PIXL remain)
Some Updates: 1) MEDA schedule is tight 2) Good progress is being made resolving SHERLOC (laser) and PIXL (x-ray tube) technical challenges
February 23, 2017 Slide courtesy of Ken Farley, M2020 Project Scientist Pg. 51 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Sampling and Caching System (SCS)
The very complex robotic SCS passed its subsystem CDR earlier this year
Carries ~40 sample tubes (31 + science/engineering spares)
Carries 6 witness tubes (in the 40) from which to acquire round-trip contamination knowledge - witness tube design is currently under development
Contamination requirements remain unchanged and good progress is being made in achieving them (e.g., 10 ppb TOC baseline, 40 ppb threshold)
February 23, 2017 Slide courtesy of Ken Farley, M2020 Project Scientist Pg. 52 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology MARS Program Support by MRO
EDM Heat Shield
Lander Impact Right: after landing and opening solar fans MSL ExoMars EDM
EDM Backshell Phoenix with Parachute
HiRISE / U. Arizona / JPL / NASA February 23, 2017 Pg. 53 Phoenix Lander Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Other Ongoing and Future missions
• Indian space agency - MOM • Red Dragon ~ 2020 • Chinese program
February 23, 2017 Pg. 54 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 11 Years in Orbit 7 Science Investigations ~50,000 orbits Still Returning 300 Tb of Data Science Data Returned
~200 kg of More Usuable Fuel Discoveries still in the Tank Sure to Come!
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
@Copyright 2016 California Institute of Technology February 23, 2017 Government sponsorship acknowledged. Pg. 55 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology
Backup
February 23, 2017 56 Pg. 56 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter National AeronauticsMRO: and Space Administration Continuing Discoveries at Mars Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Leslie Tamppari, Dep. Project Scientist Richard Zurek, Project Scientist Martin D. Johnston, Project Manager
SHARAD
Presentation to MEPAG CRISM February 23, 2017 UHF HiRISE MCS CTX CL#17-0802 MARCI
February 23, 2017 Pg. 57 MIT Jet Prouplsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology