REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON ALLEGED COLLUSION IN SECTARIAN KILLINGS IN NORTHERN IRELAND Center for Civil and Human Rights Notre Dame Law School Notre Dame, Indiana USA 56556
[email protected] October 2006 Embargoed until Monday November 6 at 11am Panel Members: Douglass Cassel, Chair Susie Kemp Piers Pigou Stephen Sawyer 1 2 REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT INTERNATIONAL PANEL ON ALLEGED COLLUSION IN SECTARIAN KILLINGS IN NORTHERN IRELAND CONTENTS Page Key Findings and Recommendations 4 I. Executive Summary 7 II. The Panel and its Mission 21 III. The Panel’s Inquiry 25 IV. Legal Standards 29 V. Case Summaries 42 VI. United Kingdom State Responsibility 58 VII. Violence Against Protestant Community 80 VIII. Recommendations 83 APPENDICES A. Terms of Engagement B. Panel Members and Counsel C. Chart of Linkages among Cases 3 KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS KEY FINDINGS: Collusion: The Panel examined 25 cases of suspected loyalist paramilitary violence in Northern Ireland during 1972-77. The 25 cases involve a total of 76 murders as well as attempted murders. In 24 of the 25 cases, involving 74 of the 76 murders, evidence suggests collusion by members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) or the Ulster Defense Regiment (UDR): • In 12 cases – 11 murders and one attempted murder -- former RUC officer John Weir accuses RUC officers and agents or UDR soldiers of participation. The panel finds Weir’s allegations, in general, to be credible. • Firearms were used in eight of the 12 cases alleged by Weir. In seven of those eight cases, RUC ballistics tests corroborate his allegations. In none do they contradict him.