Understanding the Effects of Impaired Driving in Saskatchewan
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Final Report UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF IMPAIRED DRIVING IN SASKATCHEWAN: Perspectives of Family Members of Victims Killed by an Impaired Driver Principal Investigators: Nicholas A. Jones, Ph.D. Department of Justice Studies, University of Regina Jody Burnett, Ph.D. Community Safety Knowledge Alliance Associate Researcher: Robert Mills, M.A. June 2018 Prepared for: With contributions from: ABOUT THIS REPORT This paper was commissioned by the Community Safety Knowledge Alliance for the purpose of improving our collective understanding of the experiences of families who have lost loved ones at the hands of impaired drivers. It explores the health, social, and economic impacts on these families as well as their experiences with the criminal justice system. This paper largely draws on the lived experiences of 13 family members—grandmothers, grandfathers, mothers, fathers, brothers, sisters, and aunties—from across Saskatchewan, Canada. In total, these individuals were affected by 8 separate impaired driving instances which resulted in the deaths of 12 family members. For some the loss occurred very recently, while for others more time had passed. About Community Safety Knowledge Alliance CSKA is a non-profit that supports governments and others in the development, design, and implementation of new models and approaches to community safety and well-being. Through its four lines of business (research, evaluation, technical guidance and support, and professional development), CSKA mobilizes, facilitates, and integrates research and the development of a knowledge base to inform how community safety-related work is organized and delivered. To that end, CSKA: informs how community safety-related work is structured, organized, and delivered; informs and improves professional practices across the community safety system; informs alignment within the sector; and improves safety and well-being outcomes at the individual, community, and policy levels. For further information on Community Safety Knowledge Alliance, please contact: Shannon Fraser-Hanson, Manager Tel: (306) 384-2751 Community Safety Knowledge Alliance Email: [email protected] 241 - 111 Research Drive Web: www.cskacanada.ca Saskatoon, SK S7N 3R2 To reference this work, please use the following citation: Jones, N.A., Burnett, J., & Mills, R. (2018). Understanding the Effects of Impaired Driving in Saskatchewan: Perspectives of Family Members of Victims Killed by an Impaired Driver. Regina, SK: Community Safety Knowledge Alliance (CSKA). © 2018, Community Safety Knowledge Alliance. i MESSAGE FROM THE CEO In September 2016, in the margins of a conference at which we were both speaking, I sat down with Sue O’Sullivan, the then Federal Ombudsman for Victims of Crime. Sue told me about an interesting study she had recently read that explored the health, social, and economic impacts on the families of homicide victims in the United Kingdom. She gave me a copy of the study, which I read with interest. It struck a chord and resonated with me. In 2016, 57 people died at the hands of impaired drivers in Saskatchewan—the highest rate of death by impaired driving of any Canadian province. Those deaths were entirely preventable. How might a study, similar to the one in the UK, but focussed on the families of those killed at the hands of impaired drivers, serve to inform public policy and help to change the narrative around impaired driving? Might such a study complement the existing mix of strategies in play in Saskatchewan? We thought it would. This research brings forward the voices of 13 members of Saskatchewan families who have suffered the death of loved ones at the hands of impaired drivers. Their lived experiences, as expressed in this report, are often raw and powerful. We would like to thank our project partners MADD Canada, the Saskatchewan Ministry of Justice, and the University of Regina. We would also like to thank Saskatchewan Government Insurance for its support. Most of all, our heartfelt gratitude goes out to those families who invited our research team into their homes to share their stories and experiences. We are confident that their collective voice will serve to inform public policy and shape the emerging narrative on the impacts of impaired driving. Sincerely, Cal Corley Chief Executive Officer Community Safety Knowledge Alliance, Inc. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researchers would like to acknowledge the efforts and contributions made by groups and individuals involved in this research. First, we want to recognize the Community Safety Knowledge Alliance which provided the grant to fund the research1. Second, we acknowledge the invaluable contributions of the research participants—their willingness to volunteer their time to discuss the very difficult subject matter of this research cannot be understated. Finally, we wish to recognize the victims of these tragic events. 1 This report does not necessarily represent the views of the Community Safety Knowledge Alliance. iii DEDICATION This report is dedicated to the memory of the loved ones who lost their lives due to impaired driving. We want to express our sincere gratitude to their families for taking the time to candidly share their difficult stories. Danille Brooke Kerpan Tanner Brent Kaufmann James Paul Alexander (JP) Haughey Daphne Schmidt Chanda, Jordan, Kamryn, and Miguire Van De Vorst Eddy Belanger iv CONTENTS Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................1 Background and Research Objectives ................................................................................................. 1 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Main Findings ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Harms Experienced ................................................................................................................ 2 The Experience with Justice System Processes ...................................................................... 3 The Degree of Faith in the Justice System ............................................................................. 3 Coping and Supports .............................................................................................................. 4 The Desire for Change ............................................................................................................ 4 Recommendations .............................................................................................................................. 5 1. Background ...............................................................................................................................8 2. Literature Review ......................................................................................................................8 2.1. Mental Health and Emotional Harms ......................................................................................... 9 2.2. Social and Financial Harms........................................................................................................ 11 2.3. Lack of Supports and Resources ............................................................................................... 12 2.4. Experience with the Criminal Justice System ............................................................................ 14 Victims Bill of Rights ............................................................................................................. 15 Victim Services ..................................................................................................................... 15 Victim Impact Statements .................................................................................................... 16 2.5. The Saskatchewan Context ....................................................................................................... 17 3. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 21 3.1. Sampling .................................................................................................................................... 22 3.2. The Participants ........................................................................................................................ 23 3.3. Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................................... 23 3.4. The Researchers – Personal Frameworks ................................................................................. 24 4. Results ..................................................................................................................................... 26 4.1. Organizing Theme 1: Harms Experienced ................................................................................. 26 Basic Theme 1: General Victim Experiences ........................................................................ 27 Basic Theme 2: Social Relationships .................................................................................... 33 Basic Theme 3: Financial and Estate Challenges .................................................................