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Povijest I Ideologija Socijaldemokratske Stranke Hrvatske I Slovenije Na Prijelazu Iz Habsburške Monarhije U Monarhističku Jugoslaviju

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Povijest I Ideologija Socijaldemokratske Stranke Hrvatske I Slovenije Na Prijelazu Iz Habsburške Monarhije U Monarhističku Jugoslaviju Povijest i ideologija Socijaldemokratske stranke Hrvatske i Slovenije na prijelazu iz Habsburške Monarhije u monarhističku Jugoslaviju Držaić, Karlo Master's thesis / Diplomski rad 2019 Degree Grantor / Ustanova koja je dodijelila akademski / stručni stupanj: University of Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences / Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Filozofski fakultet Permanent link / Trajna poveznica: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:131:409482 Rights / Prava: In copyright Download date / Datum preuzimanja: 2021-09-29 Repository / Repozitorij: ODRAZ - open repository of the University of Zagreb Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Odsjek za povijest Filozofski fakultet Sveučilište u Zagrebu Povijest i ideologija Socijaldemokratske stranke Hrvatske i Slavonije na prijelazu iz Habsburške Monarhije u monarhističku Jugoslaviju Diplomski rad Mentor: Ivica Šute Komentor: Branimir Janković Student: Karlo Držaić Summary This graduate thesis investigates the history and ideology of the Socialdemocratic party of Croatia and Slavonia in the period of disintegration of the Austo-Hungarian Monarchy and in the early years of the monarhistic Jugoslavia. Its goal is two-part. On one side it tries to postulate historiographicly neglected subject of the historical development of the mentioned political party, and on the other side, it investigates the ideological preferences of the Party and of social democrats whose identity is articulated through this preferences. The dominant historical sources used are the newspapers published by the social democrats. Both the main tendencies of the Party's historical activity and its ideology are extrapolated from the newspaper publications that are critically analysed using historiographical and linguistic methods. The thesis concludes that the Socialdemocratic party of Croatia and Slavonia was an important organisation in the political life of this period of history and that it was usually unrightfully neglected in historiography. The reasons for the downfall of the Pary are found in the complex political context of the time and in its inadequate policies and political practises. 1 Sadržaj 1. Polazište i metodologija 3 2. Socijaldemokracija i radnički pokret u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji do 1917. godine 9 3. U propadajućoj Monarhiji 17 3. 1. Obnova Socijaldemokratske stranke Hrvatske i Slavonije 17 3. 2. Od Februara do Oktobra 23 3. 3. Ljevica i desnica Socijaldemokratske stranke 35 3. 4. Stvaranje socijaldemokratskog identiteta 44 3. 5. Samoodređenje 51 4. Stvaranje nove države i rascjep 57 4. 1. Država Slovenaca, Hrvata i Srba 57 4. 2. Nakon „nacionalne revolucije“ 68 4. 3. Rascjep na kongresu ujedinjenja 81 4. 4. Sindikati 87 5. Od Beograda do Zagreba 97 5. 1. Posljedice rascjepa i konsolidacija 97 5. 2. Ponovo u vladi 105 5. 3. Ujedinjenje i prvi izbori 113 5. 4. Žene, mladi i kultura u socijaldemokraciji Hrvatske i Slavonije 119 6. Posljednja godina SDSHS 126 6. 1. U ustavotvornoj skupštini 126 6. 2. Marginalizacija, ukidanje i ujedinjenje 130 7. Socijaldemokracija, Marx i marksizam 141 8. Zaključak 149 9. Bibliografija 153 9. 1. Izvori 153 9. 2. Literatura 155 2 1. Polazište i metodologija Radnički i socijaldemokratski pokret u novijoj hrvatskoj historiografiji dvadesetog stoljeća, razumljivo orijentiranoj „većim temama“, nalazi se negdje na marginama istraživačkog fokusa. Novija literatura posvećena ovoj temi iznimno je oskudna, štoviše, gotovo nepostojeća. Međutim, vjerojatno i pod utjecajem onodobnog društvenog uređenja, sredinom prošlog stoljeća objavljeno je nekoliko značajnih djela kojima je radnički pokret s kraja devetnaestog i početka dvadesetog stoljeća konstituiran unutar polja hrvatske historiografije. Ovdje u prvom redu valja spomenuti Mirjanu Gross koja je značajan dio svog opusa posvetila počecima radničkog pokreta te koju Šidak drži zaslužnom za pokretanje znanstveno istraživačkog rada usmjerenog na ovu temu.1 Međutim, povijest Socijaldemokratske stranke Hrvatske i Slavonije2 u ovdje promatranom periodu, periodu od obnove ove stranke ratne 1917. godine do njena ukidanja krajem 1921. godine, gotovo uopće nije historiografski obrađena. Stranka se marginalno spominje u više članaka i knjiga no gotovo u pravilu tek kao kontekst unutar kojeg se povjesničari bave nastankom Socijalističke radničke partije Jugoslavije (komunista), odnosno nastankom Komunističke partije Jugoslavije. Jedna od iznimka je Toma Milenković, autor knjige Socijalistička partija Jugoslavije, koji obrađuje povijest stranke koja je nastala početkom 1922. godine i čija je jedna od prethodnica bila SDSHS. Međutim, sama SDSHS nije u Milenkovićevu fokusu interesa te joj je posvećen samo dio uvoda njegove knjige. Druga je nedavno objavljena kratka knjiga Matka Globačnika Hrvatska socijaldemokracija u Prvom svjetskom ratu. No Globačnikova knjiga vremenski pokriva samo početni dio u ovom radu obrađenog perioda djelovanja SDSHS, a zbog svoje kratkoće obrađuje ga veoma sažeto te stoga pruža samo najosnovniji pregled povijesti socijaldemokracije i socijaldemokrata. Zapravo, jedino djelo koje je pretendiralo historiografski obraditi razdoblje radničkog pokreta Hrvatske i Slavonije, od njegova stvaranja do sredine dvadesetih godina 20. stoljeća, što uključuje i poslijeratno djelovanje SDSHS, je trotomna Povijest radničkog pokreta u Hrvatskoj i Slavoniji autora Vitomira Koraća. No, kako upozorava već Miroslav Krleža u Moj obračun s njima,3 Koraćevo opširno djelo ne može se čitati kao samo historiografski rad, već se u značajnoj mjeri radi o apologetski obojenim memoarima jednog aktivnog i istaknutog sudionika opisanih povijesnih događaja. Karakterizirajući Povijest radničkog pokreta u Hrvatskoj i 1 Jaroslav Šidak, „O proučavanju radničkog pokreta u hrvatskoj historiografiji nakon 1945. godine“, u: Historijski zbornik, vol. 24. no. 1. (Zagreb: Društvo za hrvatsku povjesticu, 1974.), 510-511. 2 U ovom radu se umjesto punog naziva ponekad koriste skraćeni oblici Socijaldemokratska stranka, samo Stranka ili kratica SDSHS. 3 Miroslav Krleža, Moj obračun s njima (Sarajevo: NIŠRO „Oslobođenje“, 1988.), 28-29. 3 Slavoniji tekstom kojem valja pristupiti kao tendencioznom povijesnom izvoru, dolazimo do zaključka kako do sada nije objavljen ni jedan historiografski rad čiji je cilj opisati i kritički obraditi povijest i djelovanje Socijaldemokratske stranke Hrvatske i Slavonije u periodu nakon Prvog svjetskog rata i prije njezina ukidanja i uklapanja u Socijalističku partiju Jugoslavije. Polazeći od konstatirane činjenice zanemarenosti povijesti SDSHS, jedan od dva temeljna cilja ovog rada jest upravo kroz izvore historiografski obraditi povijest socijaldemokrata Hrvatske i Slavonije u turbulentnim godinama kraja i nakon Prvog svjetskog rata. Međutim, temeljni problem ovog istraživačkog cilja, koji je možda i odvratio dio historiografa, je izraziti manjak uobičajenih povijesnih izvora, odnosno manjak arhivskog gradiva. Naime, opsežan arhiv SDSHS sredinom dvadesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, kada je već bilježio nekoliko desetljeća socijaldemokratskog djelovanja, preseljen je iz Zagreba u Beograd gdje se nalazilo sjedište Socijalističke partije Jugoslavije, a nakon uvođenja diktature i zabrane političkih stranaka 1929. godine ovaj je arhiv, kao i arhiv Općeg radničkog saveza (ORS), premješten u beogradski stan socijaldemokrata Živka Topalovića.4 Ondje se održao petnaestak godina, međutim, u jeku Drugog svjetskog rata njemački Gestapo zaplijenio je i gotovo u potpunosti uništio arhivsku građu socijaldemokrata.5 Sačuvani su tek malobrojni dokumenti, uglavnom oni koji se u trenutku zapljene nisu nalazili u samom arhivu već u osobnom posjedu nekog od stranačkih članova.6 Izostanak arhivskih izvora čiji je stvoritelj SDSHS uvjetovao je da se u ovom radu kao primarni izvor uglavnom koriste novinske publikacije socijaldemokrata, Sloboda i Novo društvo te određena arhivska građa koju nije producirala SDSHS, ali koja je vezana uz djelovanje ove političke stranke i socijaldemokratskog, odnosno socijalističkog, pokreta. Korištenje novina kao povijesnog izvora kojima se zamjenjuje arhivska građa nekonvencionalna je praksa u historiografiji. Razlog ovome je taj što se arhivski dokumenti za razliku od novinskih tekstova uglavnom smatraju objektivnijim izvorom u kojima izostaje sloj javnog djelovanja koji distorzira povijesne podatke s ciljem uspješnijeg političkog djelovanja. Međutim, kritičkim pristupom moguće je kroz novinske tekstove pristupiti pokušaju rekonstrukcije povijesnog vremena, odnosno rekonstrukciji djelovanja određenog društvenog i političkog aktera u nekom povijesnom vremenu. Naime, iako možda manje revno od arhivskih dokumenta i sa određenim 4 Toma Milenković, Socijalistička partija Jugoslavije (1921-1929.) (Beograd: Institut za savremenu istoriju – NIP export press, 1974.), 11. 5 Milenković, Socijalistička partija Jugoslavije (1921-1929.), 11-12. 6 Idem, 11-12.; Većina sačuvane arhivske građe nalazi se u Beogradu u ostavštini Vitomira Koraća. Međutim, veoma malo ondje sačuvanih dokumenata datira iz razdoblja posljeratnog djelovanja SDSHS. 4 subjektivnim odmakom, spomenute socijaldemokratske publikacije redovito su bilježile važnije događaje iz povijesti SDSHS, a iz njih je moguće i iščitati svojevrsne trajnije tendencije djelovanja socijaldemokrata. Ovdje valja kratko spomenuti kako, bez obzira na prirodu korištenih izvora, suvremena teorija humanističkih znanosti svakom pokušaju pisanja povijesti nužno pristupa kao tekstualno posredovanoj redukciji prošle zbilje koja zbog činjenice svog dvostrukog posredovanja i
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