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Abdul Kader Mohiuddin, IJFNR, 2019; 3:35 Review Article IJFNR (2019) 3:35 International Journal of Food and Nutrition Research (ISSN:2572-8784) Fast Food: “The Real Costs Never Appear on the Menu” Abdul Kader Mohiuddin Dr. M. Nasirullah Memorial Trust, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh ABSTRACT Menus, as lists of prepared foods, provides origin of the food *Correspondence to Author: items (Thai, Chinese, Continental), restaurant’s mission, chef’s Abdul Kader Mohiuddin philosophy of cooking, brief idea about food processing, special Dr. M. Nasirullah Memorial Trust, combo offers along with their cost. The colorful menu or flyers Tejgaon, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh attracts fast food lovers to spend more and more in their favorite restaurants for both its decadent yumminess and its ultra- convenience. Calculation of monetary cost gets more priorities How to cite this article: than the actual hidden health costs, as usual. Food that is fried Abdul Kader Mohiuddin. Fast Food: such as in a fast food restaurant is usually cooked in oil that has “The Real Costs Never Appear on been heated and used multiple times. One serving in a fast food the Menu”. International Journal of restaurant may has 100 times the level of aldehydes designated Food and Nutrition Research, 2019; as safe by the WHO. Although there are a growing number of 3:35. healthier fast food options, most fast food can still be classified as junk food. Eating a poor-quality diet high in junk food is linked to a higher risk of obesity, depression, digestive issues, heart disease and stroke, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and early death. eSciPub LLC, Houston, TX USA. Keywords: Fast Food, health Website: https://escipub.com/ IJFNR: https://escipub.com/international-journal-of-food-nutrition-research/ 1 Abdul Kader Mohiuddin, IJFNR, 2019; 3:35 US fast-food sales increased exponentially samples in “Gluten-Free” labelled restaurants between 1970 and 2000, from $6 billion to $110 [11]. billion [1]. During this time, obesity rates among A new study in PLOS Medicine finds eating US adults doubled and it is expected that 85% of unhealthy food is associated with a higher risk of US citizens will be affected by obesity by 2030 developing cancer [12]. People who ate the most [2]. The real-life cost of fast foods in terms of junk food showed a higher risk of stomach, obesity, diabetes and cardiac complications are colorectal, and surprisingly, lung cancers. well documented, repeated several times in Separately, men showed a higher risk of lung newspapers, health bulletins, journals and so cancer, and women showed a higher risk of liver on. New York city became the first jurisdiction in and postmenopausal breast cancers [13]. the US to require restaurant chains to post Nitrate and nitrite, which are abundant in calorie information on menus and menu boards processed meats, are potential carcinogens [3]. However, the dark side of the fast food found in breast, prostate, pancreas, colorectal consumption is not ended yet, some more are cancers along with non-alcoholic fatty liver there to look forward. disease and insulin resistance [14-20]. A Research has shown that excess calories moderate increased risk of irritable bowel shorten lifespan, whereas moderate caloric syndrome is reported in a French Internet based restriction slows the aging process and protects study [21]. Symptoms of bloating, gas, or pain the body and brain. A link may even exist passing bowel movements may be aggravated between fast food, processed food, commercial by high fast food consumption [22]. Use of baked goods, and sweets and destruction of Aspartame, a low-calorie sugar substitute in brain cell and a lowering of intelligence. Also, fat- Coke Zero or Diet Coke is still controversial due filled snack foods may heighten the risk of to possibility of cancer development [23]. developing advanced age-related neuro- Western diet is characterized by a high intake of degeneration, the leading cause of vision and saturated and omega-6 fatty acids, reduced hearing impairment. Researchers from the omega-3 fat intake, an overuse of salt, and too University of Bristol warn that such poor diets much refined sugar [24]. “Ingestion of sugar, in can also permanently damage the nervous particular, can accelerate premature aging”, system, particularly vision [4]. Fast food says The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic negatively affects brain health by damaging Dermatology, as exceeded free blood sugar regions relevant to memory tasks and amplifies promotes cross-linking of skin collagen fibers the risk of developing memory loss and [25,26]. Interestingly, people hooked on fast Alzheimer's disease later in life [5]. Monosodium food and have limited intake of vegetables and Glutamate is one of the most widely used food- fruits. High salt intake, including salt preserved additives in commercial foods. It has linked with foods, smoked or dried meat and fish, pickled obesity, metabolic disorders, thyroid disorders, food, low intake of fresh fruit and vegetables, Chinese Restaurant Syndrome (headache, skin obesity are among the most contributory to flushing, and sweating), neurotoxic effects and stomach and colorectal cancers [27]. Fast food detrimental effects on the reproductive organs and carbonated beverages often contain large [6-10]. As it triggers tenderness of the peri- amounts of phosphate additives. This, according cranial muscles (most prominent clinical finding to another leading journal In Vivo, hampers in tension-type headache), people with migraine kidney function and bone health [28]. Higher pre- should strictly avoid it. Gluten, another notorious pregnancy consumption of fast foods was protein responsible for auto-immune disorders, associated with an increased risk of diabetes in was found in more than 50% pizza and pasta pregnancy and high birthweight in first-time IJFNR: https://escipub.com/international-journal-of-food-nutrition-research/ 2 Abdul Kader Mohiuddin, IJFNR, 2019; 3:35 mothers, found in a southwest Sydney-based insomnia, anxiety, aggression, and feelings of study [29]. being worthless.” [31]. Junk food consumption In addition, caffeine content of cola and may increase the risk for psychiatric distress and carbonated beverages are responsible for violent behaviors in children and adolescents hyperactivity/attention deficit in children [30]. A [32]. A Newcastle-based study among elderly study among Iranian children and adolescents people shows that dietary pattern high in red reveals that junk food consumption was meats, potato or butter may adversely affect significantly associated with mental distress, muscle strength and physical performance in including “worry, depression, confusion, later life [33]. Figure 1. Fast Foods. The fast food industry has continued to evolve along with customer demands. As consumers change habits towards a fast-paced lifestyle, they are looking for convenient meals on the go (Source: Business First Family February 19, 2018) Over-consumption of cheese, yogurt, modified in red meat, full-fat dairy products, and sugary grains (bread, pasta, crackers, cereals) may foods and beverages are all associated with an jeopardize testosterone, male sex hormone that increased risk of erectile dysfunction [35]. An plays a major role in fertility and sex drive, official publication of the Federation of according to Dr. Michael Hirt, founder of the Obstetrics and Gynecological Societies of India Center for Integrative Medicine in California [34]. says that popularity of junk food in adolescence In addition, diets that are low in whole-grain are responsible for the increasing polycystic foods, legumes, vegetables and fruits, and high ovarian syndrome in adolescent girls and is IJFNR: https://escipub.com/international-journal-of-food-nutrition-research/ 3 Abdul Kader Mohiuddin, IJFNR, 2019; 3:35 challenge for gynecologists treating them [36]. Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. Lipids Health Dis. Market available ice creams or raita salads in 2018;17(1):134. Published 2018 Jun 5. doi:10.1186/s12944-018-0778-5 hotel-restaurants are storehouse of E. coli 3. Gruner J, DeWeese RS, Lorts C, Yedidia MJ, bacteria, can be responsible for diarrhea, Ohri-Vachaspati P. Predicted Impact of the Food abdominal cramp, fever, vomiting and and Drug Administration's Menu-Labeling uncomplicated urinary infections sometimes Regulations on Restaurants in 4 New Jersey [37]. The so-called condensed milk added as Cities. Am J Public Health. 2018;108(2):234–240. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304162 artificial sweeteners is nothing but over-boiled 4. Morris S. Teenager loses sight as eating disorder palm oil that deposits in the deep tissues, leads to malnutrition. The Guardian, September imparts metabolic disorders and poorly 03, 2019. eliminates. 5. Alsabieh M, Alqahtani M, Altamimi A, et al. Fast food consumption and its associations with heart Healthier foods cost nearly twice as much as rate, blood pressure, cognitive function and unhealthier foods per serving on an average quality of life. Pilot study. Heliyon. among high income countries [38]. The scenario 2019;5(5):e01566. Published 2019 May 17. is opposite in Bangladesh. In capital city, people doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01566 often pay restaurant bills equivalent to more than 6. Niaz K, Zaplatic E, Spoor J. Extensive use of monosodium glutamate: A threat to public 500% cost involved in regular meals. Again, health?. EXCLI J. 2018;17:273–278. Published traditional fast foods including Singara, 2018 Mar 19. doi:10.17179/excli2018-1092 Samucha, Puri, Piaju, Lachcha Shemai and 7. Hernández Bautista RJ, Mahmoud AM, Paratha all are generally deeply fried. Königsberg M, López Díaz Guerrero NE. Obesity: Commercially available packaged bakery and Pathophysiology, monosodium glutamate- induced model and anti-obesity medicinal plants. fast foods often do not contain any declaration of Biomed Pharmacother. 2019 Mar;111:503-516. their fat content [39]. Occasional fast food doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.108. consumption (considered as cheat foods) has 8. Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH, Bawaskar PH. been encouraged in various bodybuilding Chinese Restaurant Syndrome. Indian J Crit Care websites, as it stimulates many enzymes that Med.