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2006 The aN rragansett aD wn Princess Redwing Narragansett rT ibe

Ernest Hazard Narragansett rT ibe

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Recommended Citation Redwing, Princess and Hazard, Ernest, "The aN rragansett aD wn" (2006). Special Collections Publications (Miscellaneous). Paper 5. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/sc_pubs/5

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Special Collections Publications Special Collections

9-8-2006 The aN rragansett aD wn Princess Redwing Narragansett rT ibe

Ernest Hazard Narragansett rT ibe

Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/sc_pubs Part of the History Commons, and the Library and Information Science Commons

Recommended Citation Redwing, Princess and Hazard, Ernest, "The aN rragansett aD wn" (2006). Special Collections Publications. Paper 5. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/sc_pubs/5

This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Special Collections Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected].

CONTENTS

C ovER DESIGN E. Peek EDITQRIAL . Editor "WHAT CHEER, NETOP!" .. , . · Prophet Ernest H azard 'GREETINGS FROM FRIENDS OF THE TRIBE :Mrs. Franklin D. &osevelt Rudolph H ertz, Principal of Santee Normal Training School for Indians R.I. State Federation of Women's Clubs, by 1~/rs. Saunders Jonathan M. Steere, President of the I ndian Rights Association "Wee Kirlc 0' the Heather" Rev. Irving G. Hoff, Harrisville, Rhode I sland "Ilwrka" of the H-Bar-0 Radio Progrant Peter and Pan of "Wheatenaville" Chi~{ Black Hawlc, the Powhatan Fred . Brown, speaks Mabel F. Knight, of the Christian Science Monitor THE N ARRAGANSETT INDIAN CHURCH by Church Com., Philip Peckham THE B ROKEN TREATY . Fred V. Brown GENERAL SunvEY oF THE RED RAcE . N arragansett Ilis tor ian INTERESTING I NDIANS OF THE TRIBE l nvestigating Committee NARRAGANSETT TRIBAL CREED LISTEN TO THE :MEDICINE MAN LESSON ONE IN NATIVE TONGUE LET Us ALL R EAD MILESTONES TEA AT SuNSET CoTTAGE H istorian O u R P oET's CoRNER · Fred V. Brown SociAL NOTES MoTHER's P AGE Mrs. Hannah Glasko KEEPER 01~ R ECORDS Mrs. Marion Brown INDIAN PHILOSOPHY TRADITION TROUT FISHING Lone Wo~f LINEAGE OF THE NINIGRETS Town Clerk ATHLETic CoLUMN . Chief Clearwater, Racing FoLK LAw, Voting T wo Generations Ago B usiNEss DIRECTORY STANDING ELK AND THE CHASE The storil's of these allotments are in many ~ ~ase~ very amu ~ing . Some have banked that $13 for all t.hese years. Many were children. Many have children, grandchildren and great grandchilrlrrn. We find many have not married out of th ~ Narragansett THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN blood, and have nevl'r lived out of Narragansett territory. ~orn e retamed farms and ho mc~teads in southern R. I., paid their duties and taxes, and still live upon land that Published Monthly in the interest of The Nnrra~ansett Tribe of !ndians. h::ts never been occupied by white men or black men. I n our rc~ent inve8t.igation, we found one grandfather with fourteen ~randchildre n, EDITOR another wi th forty-one descendent.~ , my Mother has twenty-one at. her famJ!y gath e rin~~:s, wh ile another has twenty-one grandchildren and one great groonJ;o n, hearing the naJOc PRINCESS RED WING of four well known old Narraj!;ansett families, whose fl)rebearers Jtvcd where he was born. ASSISTANT EDITOR BUSINESS MANAGERS KEEPER OF RECORDS We a lso found in old town records that the old full blood families have married and inter-married until nearly everyone of Indian blood in historic South County of our ERNEST HAZARD HARRY PECKHAM MARION BROWN state is related by blood or marriage. THEODORE BROWN In our young tribal organi1.ation we have registered two hundred and fifty-nine• who have come thru that long night of oblivion. They have educated their children• FRANCIS GLASKO some have attended colleges and trade schools and universities. T hey have tilled the land, worked in factories. builded buildings and bridges. We have doctors, lawyers school ten.chers, nurses, ministers, artists, poet.~, athletes, business men, mechanics, VOL. 1 MAY 1935 stone masons, carpenters and skilled laborers of all sorts. Some come to public notice NO.1 from time to time as pub!ic nuisances, when civi.lized vices have downed them. The worst vice is liquor, or as the Indians right.ly called it, " firewater" . Nearly every puhlic offence among the tribe ha-~ its origin in firewater.Some ~·ears ago the well behavedNarra­ gansetts sent an interestin15 petition to. the Rhode. Island General Assembly, asking EDITORIAL them t.o prohihit the sale of liquors by Wlutes and I ndians on the I ndian Church Grounds in Charlestown. by the Ji:di~or Some come to the front as performers in many different ways. Some went to war. Now and then one comes to public notice, denouncing the rest of the tribe. Some tag the foot~teps of white people as commerical bigots, and flounce their feathered W ar No ";hite pt'rson can read the heart of the indian as can n son or a rhughter of the bonnets in this land of peace and plenty. We smile; because it was King Philip who Red Mans own rnce. J~1dgc thP"~e pages from the Red Man's views. These column~ said, "There is eternal was between us." The Narra~,tnnsetts said, "Come let us dwell come not from the cxpcncnecd pens of jo ~IrnnlisL~ , but from the hearts and fi resides of in peace; there is room for the pale face to lie down with his red brother." And they ~arrngscout.~ and officers to clean out the weeds of jealousy SUlliiSe, for- n.nd hackhit.ing, to clean up the thra-~h of sin, drinking, ~t nd povt~ r ty of horly, mi nd, and "We fn('e Past a.t sunrise, and west ut suntlown- soul. Our workmen have ft hard long job, but they will make the g r a.<;,~ green ag~t in in Each hill its memory holy, ' our back yards, and when our seeds hloom the fl owers of I)UI' father's fa ith, our children h::~s will go forth and pluck the lovely red blossoms of courage, and generosity, the beautiful Each valley its historic lore blue flowers of truthfulness and kindness, &nd the white purity of the divine "Lily of Each enabled by our heroes the Valley"-thus they fi!!d the heritage of the Narragansett fathers and mother>:, and Who worked in the good days of yore." loyalty to onr country in their own ba.<'k yard. The free thinking, free hunting, free fishing Narragam;ett pa>: t during tha.t long Rince those "days. of yore'.' we hn vc passe~ th~u n long night-for n<>.arly sixty years, night and in that. night past the real Utopia of America, whose happy citi7.ens went the Narrngan~,t.t Sp1nt has lam. dormant, wh1le CJVIIt?.at.IOn advanced on their old hunt­ share and share alike, in which generosity, courage and mercy flowed like the gentle mg gro~tnd. I he August m cctm!!:~ :1t the Indian. Church, in Chl!rlestown, R . I., each rain from heaven. I n that yester-year our Narragan;;ett forefathers ~e n t. their youth be11r, .have been ~he only ~tar that has twmklcd m and out, during this time. It was ;nto the hille and forests alone, t o obtain for themselves the understanding of the deeper ack m 18SO t.hav our Indian lands were solei by a council of five men who hact h d ssues of life. To-day the wildernes.~ of modern circumstances is not as kind as God's to prov; tbcmscl_ves, t~e only surviving ~armgansc tt.<:. But Narraga~~ctts came {foem !',!'eat natural wildeme.ss of yore. and oh, how many have fallen by the way. The bears as far "c~t ~s WJsroM~n to prove ~hc1r tnhal blood. Rhode Island's General Assembly of unscxnalit.y, the ~ku nk s of dishonesty, thP. foxes of greed, the wolves of poverty, the f ade a sun ey, rccognl7.cd a~? pa1d about three hundred of these Narragansct.t Indians storms of wars, have moulded our N arragansett youths, a-~ the white youth,-and to. tr thc1r land, made them ('!tJr.cns of the U. S. and rCI:'orded the tribe as cxtin"uished !!;ether, Rh oulder to shoulder they b0b along on the currents of public life. f t seems, they were, or the:v: went to sleep But you ran not keep a real m;n dow~ One Narrag~nsett poet says- orever. All the recordmg 111 the country can not change the blood or wi e it out. R~1or~e Islanct had three hundred, m 1880, of full blood, half hlood, and quaP.ter blood "White men all around us Narragans~tts, the remnants of that once powerful tnbe, who since that time have con­ And our children turn white too tmue~ to hve and to multiply upon ~hei r ancestrRl territory. Thev it is, who have ke t. the f~1th; for many hve to-day, whom 1880 received their $1!5.43 a-~ their share of Indifn Yet the whole world pauses to remember 1and m Rhode Island. ' Names and traits of I ndians true." To the youth of coming generations, we deriicate this booklet. Lest we forget. TH E NARRAGA NSETT DAWN

GREETINGS FROM FRIENDS OF THE TRI BE

T he W hite House t ical the vi~, that it w11l keep. ahve for. fut ure living, nnd when our lenders were under t.he effect of firewater, they were tricked and Women's Clubs generations t he fin e l~1d t an lrn.se~:ve these Princess Red W ing of Seven Crescents, that is ~ct before liS, and look unto Him who has hrou 1~h t us out of darkness int.o the light. fine r~cial heritages in the education of the Narrngansett Indian Church, Indian children of to-day. Charlestown, H.. I. We s:1y we have been hroug:ht into the light., then let. liS a~t the part. God is a ln these worthy efforts the Federation spirit a nd wants to he worshipped as :1 Spirit a nd in truth. Read St. John 4 : 2~-24. wishes to lend it.s cncoum.gement. anrl sup­ Dear Princess Red '\:V ing: :-;o l~t us s<:rve God in "rn:lnncr that men m~y sec our ~ood works nnd glorify God port., and hopes that from humble begin­ I have read wit-h gre:1 t int-<'rcsL ~·o u r which if! iu Jleaven. :-;o a.~ a tribe we welcome you from all ~Orner>: of the earth. nings, the movement m3;y grow, and letter regarding your <'fforts . to make a And 1 the Prophet personally havl' cic.'>ire that you all might be saved. t.hrough the issu e~<> of the N1rrap;ansett shrine for yom t ri be of the l!ttle Narr;l­ Da wn" many friends will help · nake prac- gansctt Indian Church of Charlestom1, ERNEST HAZARD

5 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NA RR AGANS ETT DAWN

Rhode Island. It seems, indeed, a splen-1 "Wheatena ville'' did project.. The history of the pa.<;t, is to pa thetic for Race and his own makes him more efficient. Rahwa:v, New J ersey one to return and view, the Valley and With hll cog:nir.anre of th<' fil! e poten­ The India n unlike other races does not shadows of death, t he Wars of conquest, change as the seasons of the ,·ear, hut he tialities of this NarraganRet.t Indian Mem­ To little Fairfiower, politir::tl sr.ourge, economir. r rohlem~ a nd orial projer.t, I regret t.imt I cannot be improves from the crude t.o t.hc fi ner a r t~ Dear Friend:- ~oci a l changPs. The hope of centuries are of t.hc same patt.crn. \.Vit.h patience and mNe ddinite!y helpf•JI to your ranse heginning to · be realized hy Lhe Indian, Your interest in Forest Lawn's little st.mly t.o reg~ in a ll which ha ;< been hidden We were so rlcascd to receive you·r let­ ~l owly hut l':Urel y. Their rcvivfl.l is ap­ from them and with the help fr01n State chur:-hcs is greatly arpre<'iatr.d and I hope ter anrl hear that. the boys and girl~ of the parent. thnt they may in inspiration what and F ederal Gnvernmcnt, the Na.rr:~JJ;a n­ furni~h Narragar.sett Tribe listen in to our mdio sctt Indians have much to draw from I am unable t.o do in words. program. No g;rcat.rr exam,lc c1Ln be found in our history than that of the modern Narra­ which only can he done throuJl;h their un­ Cordially yours, We wish we could come to Rhode Island ga n8ctt. Tribe of Indian~ of Rhode Island; t.iring efforts to be distinct. and originol. t.o see you but we <'an't so this i~ t.o sav out of the smould ering ruins of their coun­ Reverence to their Tribal Laws, repscct (si;med) Hubert Eaton. 1/elln to all the lit tle Indian hoys and girC5 cil h ou~e a feeble spark of life has been and ~ o-opera.ti on t.o t.ho~e in a uthority, a Chairman of th•! Board from thPir radio friends Peter aJld Pa n, thirst for a higher and better life, will not. 1 rekindled by the wa rm breath of the and to thank them for ilstening to us. huma n he.art, of not only the noble de­ onlv add much glory to thPir tribe, but. l;Cendants hut to the many white friends prestige to t he great StR.te of llhode I~la nd Little Eagle, I3ox 256 Because you are going to print thi~·le tter and Co-Indian l'at. ri o t.~ of f3is ter Tribes, and :1 living monument to T rnth ami South Dakota we thought it would be better to have it typewritten. So our D addy Billy :who is predC"stined to do a noble ar.t of human Justice. M.v dear Prince..~:- just.ir.c. really llitymond Knight.; sairl he would do Chi Pf Blar k H a wk (Tribal) go It for l!R. !\1ay the Gr~at. Spirit with von and The Honora ble Theodore Franc is your tribe all the way. Hope, fa-ith, and Greene, has 110t only restored tlu~ rights Fid.d Chirf nf love sustn in you. I send you and the (signed) Pan Batchelor and glory to the N anagansett Tribe of Th e p,,rhalan Confcdera ~y of Tndians Narm~ansctts my best wislws and prayers (Emilie Vns~) Ind i:wR, but he h as relit. the ancient t.cmplc of F i rginia, Marljlnnrl anrl Dclcwarc for . sueee.ss in all vou undertake. Some Peter Hatchclor of htunanit.v wit.h the tDrrh of t1·nt.h a.nd day I to stand in your little pulpit. of hop ,~ j u ~t.ire . t.h:it shall live, be honored and I'O many years and tell to you the simplr. (Bobby J ordan) respected l>y every American I nrlin.n that. Trust a nd Wait wordR of Christ fbS the Rioux knows them. knows the history of his people and Dr. Hcrt.7, has srnt you under scparntc country. " And w hC!l forty y ears wcrr expired, cover a D:tkot.a Hymn Book. 20·tG No. Mnin flt.rec t t.hcre appea red to him :l\ioses;-an angel T his t.wcntieth ren h try ad. of t.ruc Fa.ll H.iver, Mass. of the Lon l, Sa\· inp:-'1 hnve seen thP Your fellow worker in Clu·ist Christian Civili?.ation and huma n ri!l:hts a ffliction of my people . .. I have heard Ohito.ka, February 2f>, 1035 should he an example to every State their gro:wing, and am come down to Exf'r·ut.ivc whPre groups of Indians have deliver them '." Ad s 7::l0, 32, 24. Rev. Ben Brave Chid Black Ha wk Spt>..aks:- l:ecn gro!>.sly P. eglectcd and to t he Fede ral Mose.<; WllS forty yea r~< in Egypt lcarni11!' P.S.-Mav God krep you always in t.he Greet.ing.s from the Powhata:t Indians Government. hollow of His Hand. of Virg;inia: to bP soml'hody,-the >:on of Phaorah's That you cannot stay the hands of daughter. T hen he srcnt forty :vears m Word~ and dcndl'; if t.hey arc t.cmpcrcd Providence: or f rcvcnt. ma n from desiring: the ha <' k~irl c of t.bn desert, l ~:t rni n~ hurnil­ H-llar-0 ltangcrs w;th Truth nnd Justice, build for all timf's t.hc h igher nne nohlcr Lhinf!;S of life a nd it.y and ahmlif'nt:('. Jt. was a n eiJ.!;h 1 y y ea•· H-Bo.r-0 Ranch a foundation upon which Christian Civil­ hi~ H.ace, in the upw>trd trend of civil iza­ eour:'c of training, preparing him to le:1d Buffalo, New York izat.ion will st.and. t ion: the American Indian ;;hould he con­ a nation t.n its destiny. It was a long wa it , 7 Prinr·es:s Red Wiug of Crc.9rent~. A wi~r. man Rn.id, "Truth cru.•hed to t.he sidei·ed. He cannot possibly smviv<.' as a but Gnd w ~s not in:tdivc. He remem­ Narragausett. J1 istoriun earth will rise again." rare nnlc!>.<; his culture e.erB of the Narragansett body but you cannot kill t.he soul." his instruments in the furnar <> of a ffhrtton. t.o Na rm gansett India n T ribe in t.heir you th, H e rip<'ns pow<:rs so that at t.hc appointed Trihu of Indi:w~ eat, H-0 oats 111tti fo r"e The noble and indestructible spirit of toas>.d wheat flakes. or anv reorga ni:;,t'.d tribe. The a bsorbing moment th ey shall rise crpml to t. he ta~k . the American Indian is the roost beautiful infl uciwe and culture of a mot.hcr race for Time i" the harckst ing;rr.dient of d iscirlim· The work you arc undrrtuking lo orJ,!;nn­ chapter in our countries hist.ory. Since over two huw.lred years h !1R drstroyed to endure. A ~h o r t. sharp pang is more ize yoursel \'C-5 is a mo:;t; worthy ·one and I the early period of our colonial history much of their language, art and craft, to easily horne ,than the long monotonous ·ccrtn.inly wish you every sur.cc~s. I can­ each succencling generation of the East.em adop t the culture of an ot.her tribe :other vears of dull routine of seeming clefpn t. not. now t.ell you whether I will be able to Sefl.boa.rd Indians has labored in vain to come to •; our Pow \Vow next. summer, but, tha n t.hat. of the sister tribes of t.he same \Ve may not now see the heauti f•.1 l plan rally together the few that have been left fam ily ; would be quite as destructive in God is hiding nnt.il t.he hour is ripe to I ~hall certainly ~ry to do so, if I possibly for the human reason only of self preserv­ man:v inst~1nees as adopt.ing the culture of reYeal t.hr b l e~~in~~; . lt may he long con­ can. ation. To hold nnd to keep, ~Z:ive to there Best wislws, another nwc. Whatever t:;e re~ults may C<'n.led. b1 ;t fait.h rrsts in thr p ro m i~c, " ,\ II ebildrcn the most Raercrl ri!!;ht. known tD be of his primit ive cult.urc bPing lost, clocs thin!!:s work togd.lll'r for g;c!Od, 1o t.hcm (signed) IIAHl\A the Indinn Hace :- To be, t.o live and tD not. iiii[Xtir his rar.ia.l status ,hut in s t.e~. d , t<~ t.hat, love God." "The vi~ion is yet for :111 II-Bar-0 Ranch die American Indians. posst?s.s I lte best. t.hat is in the Ca ucasia n appointe<\ time, but at t.he end it sh:tll

6 7 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN

speA;k ; and not . lic;.ThouJ!;h it tarry, wait The Agonquins s honld he classed as a in said meeting houfe shal.l ha.ve "ont.ro meetings i.n lat.e years degenerate until the for at. because at. wall snrcly coP.le it will nation, not a~ a tribe. The Algonquins of the premises." It was Aaron Sekatur, t.icie was stemmed b y the efforts of Rev. not. tnrry,'' said the prophet Habakkuk. renched along the whole Atlant-ic scabo~rd who was ordained in 1858, was the la<>t Le Hoy C. Perry, Chief Ousa-Mequin, of :2 ::3 ; ' . from Nova Scotia t.o The Carolinas or t.he prominent Indian preacher of the ehun:h t.hc Wampanoag Tribe. who work~rl in F aith sees vid.ory ahead. Fait h hold land of the SeminolPs, and wcstwar:l to t.he until recent times. From t.he end of his this vi.·in ity to hring to the mrctings a 0!1 to the p romiFe and prevails. Faith Mississippi. There was no one tribP. called mini~try I he church hcf!an to decline. until religious vein. Together wit.h the efiorts !(IVes God t.hc chnnee to do for us what is the A l ~onquin in New EnJ!land. But the Rev. Frederick Den i~on, a Westerly pas­ of C hief Night Hawk Philip H. Pe,.,kham humnnly impo!'.qil.Jic. Work as if all de­ NU;rra.v,a.n~ett T ribe belonged to the Algon- tor, writing in 1R7S, said concerning the rmrl his fam il~r ,of Charlestown, sen'iees pended upon you Trust as if al de­ quan Natton. · Ph 11 rch, "It is now a U n io n have been carried on and the chmch kept. pended upon .God .. Wnit and expect, and ,Church, in a Wl'ak eondition, agitated by in good condition for the past several the grea t Juh1l<.'e w11l r('Btore The llright Advent doctrines ,conspicuous chiefl y for years. and Morning Star is near· at. hand. Roxbury, .Mas.<;. its annua.J mass me~ ti ny.s in August., after by P hil ip Peckhnm, an old Indian custom." The.~e August Ch,rch Commi.ssinner Irving G. Hoff, Dear Princess Red Wing:- llarris •1i ll~, 1?.. ! ., March 25th Greeting to every. NarraganAAtt in your newly .or~amzed t.nbe and may you in­ "THE BROKEN TREATY" T o Ch ief Sachem and Members of c rell:~e 111 power, supported by every loyal Tnd1an who h onors the ideals of his Nar­ Narragansett Tribe by Fred 13. I3rown petty Sachem ~, ruled. At least one writer raganset-t an,estors. tells us t.h:tt Canoniclls could not b:! found , F red V. Drown, of Narragansett Pier I have vi~iterl your chureh in Chl!.rles­ P hiladelphia but Canonicus rlied in 1647. l\1 ost of the ~peo.ks . town and hope to be there this summer at Indians fled as the troops a pproached and your annual meeting. With t he officer!' In 1644, the Nar ragan~etts, with their it was t hree or four daYS before am·onc I have found it difficult to think clearlv allies the Ninntics, fought. the Mohegans, until I get away from a meeting, n.n:l, "r you have chosen and surh ndv ise r~ as mv could be .found to mnl(e a trentv ,\·it h. friend Miss G l ady~ Tantnquidf!eon, your who wcr~ fl.llies of t.he English, scekinf! Thi~ trl'aty i~ rderrC'd tons mere verho~ ity am sure I aan not a lone in that respect 1 redress for the part that U ncas playcrl in T here was. a que~t. ion of rcli p;ion came up orgamzataon promases to be not only a which the lndi :tn~ litt.le underst.ood, nnd l ast m ~ one, but an influential onl" as well. the deat.h of their beloved young cont.cm­ appn.rent.ly !.hey \Yere not in a mood t o at the la,c;t. mcet.mi(, m regard to dancing pol·nry or act.ing Snchem, l'vlinntonomi. and worldly amusemcnt.s. It might be I (Juotc your own words-·-"lf God is with a~ree to nnything. This treaty was m~ de yoLI, who can be against you" Unnts wRs hard preFse~ and F.nglish t.roops at. t he point of gun nnrl sword, anrl made well to rcah ~c that we have organized as a were raised in Boston to go to his relief, with inferior i:lachems c ho~~n by the ~rihe, n.ml e v~ry. one of Narrngan~ett blood Sur.ceRs always t.o the Narraganset ts but they were not. needed , as the Narra­ IS of the t.nhc 1rregardless of chureh and C a nonchet w as proc l a i med Chief Cordially, gansetf..s were intimidated and forced to Sachem in 167-1, his name or Pumham's is t.hcir wavs of Jivi ng and 1~musements arc wi t hdraw. affairs that lay between themselves and Mabel F. Knight, Ta-de-winn, not found on this documenl. T ribute was levied upon thP.m t.hat thev their God. adopted member of the Omaha Tribe could not pay, more wampumpeag t.han *The Trea ty the Indians could make, a,nd it is doubtful T hat. said Sachems shall ~eir.e all and if t.he full amount was ever paid. This every one of P hilip'13 suhjects and deliver THE NARRAGANSETT INDIAN CHURCH wa~ in the dayF of Qunnoune, later called them to the En!(lish, dead or alive T hat Cononicus, and his nephew, !"'roud Pe!<.~a­ t.hey shall 11se all nets of hostility aga inf't r w3, who succeeded his brother as acting them n.ud kill them wherever fo und. The lndia.n C hurch of C hnrlcstown had TJ:ough he was a Presbyterian, he n.d­ Nachem. La.t.er, advent urous spirits went That. if they seize Philip and deliver him it~. !'oot ])llried in t.he t.imc. of Roger mmast~J-ed fmt h fully to this churr.h whieh to fight with King Philip, hut as a t ribe t.o t he English, they shnll receive 40 truck­ \\ tllaams, who exerted hm1sclf 111 the con­ wal" e.<;sentia.liy Baptist.. He wa.'> followed t.he NarrrqJ;an,.et.ts had never fought the ing clot.h coat.s, and for his head a lone, 20 version of t.hc lndinn!i. In 1711 the G~eat hy John Sekn.ter a nd Moses St.m1t.on and English until lhe Swamp fight., which was of such coat.s, and for e\•ery Sachem 2 R evival of New Bn!-(l:wd which was a ll'o n nU'nl.Jer of ~t.ro ng leaners. ln 1859, dur­ forred u pon them. Afterwa rd they were con.l.<> if a live and t coa.t. if dead, also all known :11> the New J,ight movemen t caused mg the pastorate of Rev. Samuel N iles, n.llics of Philip in earnest, hut more or ! P-~S former sales of land be confirmed by the many Niant.ic: tribes · to cmbrr.ce Christ­ 2nd. the present structure was e re~.ted. forsook him aft.er t.he execut ion of Canon­ English. Ianity and seek n. church for themselves in It IS ~ stone, building, 2ll by 40, and 12 chet, ·and later he was fors.'l.ken by the most Petaquanscot, C ha rlC'Sl.OWIL. A church was organized foot h1gh. 1 he seats a re ~traight bac:ked of his own people, no doubt hy many who and a lnnldm~ ereetcd in 17.50. The had urged n.nd 1-(0adcd him to begin wooden pews_ The pulpit has a u nique July 15th, 167!i. building \\'as neither bcaut.iful nor com­ . arrang~men t, standing on a Ji tth: platform hostili t.ies. fortable, hut, the ph y~i f •n. l fent.urc;; were whwh IS lmnked to t he rear anrl side;; with T he ratio w a:- about. four English t.o one Signed by the inferior Sachems of the forgotten in t.he wnnnth of spirit.ua.l fervor seal.~ for the clergy. In 188(}, on the 15th India n in the New 8ngland of 1675. Hav­ Narraganset.ts in the presence of the Eng­ of the first. pa..•tor, Ja1nes Simons. n. mem­ of May, the triha l lands w~:>re c]C('ded over ing driven K ing Philip from Bristol ish and Indian allies. ber of the Narragm1sct.t t.rihc. Elder t.o the f:tute of Rhode lsland, with t.he :forrner!y Mount. Hope,; and not being We hear of Pumhn.m as a petty Sachem Simons was followed-by 1\.ev. S[l.mucl Niles exception of Fort. Ninif!ret r"nd the two n.ble to find him, the E nglish troops of influence in 1612. He 1mtde himself one of the 1110st fumoi1s Indian preachers, n.crcs uf land of which t.he r.hurch is thf:' m rL rchcd into Wn.rwick :formr>r]y ~h a wo­ Chief Sa chem for n. brief period but wa~ hi.! was hom on Bloc:k l Fland and was center. They rctuined the church a nd met;. to mul;e :1 tr<'nt.y to prevent theNar­ apparently not recogni r.C'ci beyond his 0\\'11 gradnatcd from Harvard College in 169!) a nd "t.hut the r.ongreg:ution worshipping m~ansPtt,~ fro m joinin~; Phili p in the wnr. followers and t.he English, who seem to Here Pumham, one of the most powerfu have encouraged him. It docs seem t hat

8 9 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN

he harl a certain right. to do this if he could w~.~ acrnsed of harbodng the Wampanoags get away with it. Pumham at one time M.nd gtven ten day~ to cleliver them to the defenders ran out of gun powder, although Jscuri-of King P hilip being slain at. the was a disciple of the English, but if adher­ En~lish. Whether he intended to abide most writers do not state this fact. All of Narra.gano:ett F ort . This a ppPn.r~ to he ing to one's own is a virtue, he redeemed by the terrrs at the time or mt is proha blv the local tribes h~td been repeatedly dis­ but the prorl.uct of somebody's imagina­ his character by returning to his own not known. i'lerious counsel rnuHt. hav·e armed even before the thrP.atencd war with tion. Brooding over his wife :r.nd son , people. Not caring t.o face their former ' bec~n held, for Philip's reverse~ hac! net King Philip. deserted on every hand, hut still game, allies, thi~ may have been the reason that reall y begun, and it would have been Ltn­ Even Unc11' was under suspicion until Philip with fait.hful Annawon and a few they ran away. Mortally wounded in natnr.tl for him t.o have stood llalmly bv to he o:howcd them whnt delight he took in followers went home to i'don T op: Ph ilip 'Philip's war, l'umham died in a frenzv, see his people delivered. to their enemies ~l ayi ng his own people. T he Indians had was never to leave it. again. :l\Ion T op lit.erally fighting wit.h bare hands until he even had Canonehet Eo de,~ired . At the ,doubtless learnecl to make bullets, but the appe-ars to be I ndian English for IVIount was dispat.c~hctl. Pumham's lineage is en:l of ten day~ the \Vampanoags were still sale of powder to them was forbidden, and Hope.; apparently obscure, but comment at the with the.> N arragansetts, and Canonchet. could not be had in New England and I n the small ho ur~ of the morning, news of his death is as follows: J.f it be so, wa~ caller.! to acr.ount for his failure to excP-pt from some trader who would dis­ August 12th, 1676, a.fter being betrayed, t.he glory uf that nation is sunk with him abide by the agreement. Canonehet's ul­ regard the ban and sell. Writers have the net wa" sPt to t~1. ke him by eighteen forever. timatum Vva8 :t'l'ot a Wampanoag, nor t.hc.> .criticised Canonchet for what thev call his English and 22 Indians. Church and At the bPginninf!; of l\ing Philip's war; rmnng of a W ampanou·~·,_ n ~ il shall he IIJi l ita r~' rnisl.:tke in COOping his lllCn lip for C: ou ldr.n arc mllnt.innr.d ao; ofTi c:ers. As the old men, women and children were d ~ l!vered up.; This reply nnd the su~­ slau~hl.er, !Jut while the troops hac! no one u ~n al Philip was t.hc first I. Fort a..,q Philip's, but it seems but he was an Indian as were the Wam­ their al.ies does not appear to be recorded, wa.o nnlleri nut o the mud and water. mlly rankled in the ~et.t:;, and tlmt Philip and his w~rriors had thickP.r than water. Ca.nonehet was quite writer t.h(l.t, hns sought to describe the heart.s of Canonchet and King P hilip, one later decided to ~!?end the winter there a,..q a different c har~,cter than Unr.n.~, who bas heaps of butc:herecl and burned women and can readily understaud t.heir staunch a lli­ gue~ts. The Indtan was much given to been lauded to t.he skies and was f0rmerly children many left to die in the wintry ance in 11)75. The secretly condemning hospit~tlity, and the trPn.tment c;f a guest . a Pequot, but to win the favor of the blast without RhP-lt.er or r.a.re. Nanun­ to deat.h of Canonchet's father in 1G,13 bv waR. a very sacred "Onsideration, although English he led in the deRtruction of the tenoo, a.liaR Canonchet., did not immedi­ the Commissionens at Boston, has bee~t very nft.~s are many. Tra­ ditions n.rc humorous. But fir;;t we will bined name for American Indians, by some t.~ings he. t'ast away. the following year in but recently seen sr.rvicc. 13itt

11 '10 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN the Red Race, an individual and original life after death, where the spirit. surrounded Eskimo is the most northerly tribe, while regions were the Shoshone or Snake In­ race. Writers ofthe present have referred by pleasures according to hrave deeds in to them as the "Vanishing Race", but. south of these are the Atha-bascan group, dians, including the Comanches and others. life. New England Indians believed death consisting of the Len'a, Kaijuhkho'tenne, The Cherokee t.ribeo:, which inhabited records show that there are living to-day, to he the "grr~at mys'.cry" and did not six million of the Red Race in North and Tutchonekuti'qion tribes on the North and South Carolina and Georgia, spe<:ulate upon it or explain it t.o their Yukon River. The other Athabascans the Creeks and Semin0les of Georgia and America; in United States alone we find young. Their doctrine.~ were much the two hundred and sixt.y-five lhou~and, are chiefly found between Hundon's Bay Florida formed a detached group, and are same as the Christian doctrine~, deep and and t.he Rocky Mountains, but include still detac hed from the other tribes and seven hundred, in the 13riti•h Po~essions, profound. They believed in prayer and one hundred and thirty thousand, in u l ~o the Dogribs. Ca.ribon eaters, Nahanes, white civilization. supplication for righteous desires, to a liv­ Yellowkriives, Shve'lndians of northern- Central America, one million five hundred ing God of the universe. The Texas Indians were ('ornpriscd in thouMnd, in Mexic·•, four million, in South , western Canada and the Beaver Indians manv small and diverse tribes. Below America t~n million, many of them being They adopt a totem or symbol of the on Lake Athabasca; the large Navajo the.~c in New Mexico, n. more advanced more or less civilized and Christians. name of the progenitor of the family, tribe is in Arizona and New Mexico, and and distinct family is found r.alled Moquis which is the mark of families even when the Apaches of Arizona are in New Mexico or Pueblo Indians and westward the J1ccords, olrl and new, pr!',served in U. expanded into tribes. Their morals were and Oklahoma. In Canada and the Apaches and various other tribes. S. librarie~; from the best hist.orians and like nat.ure's, free and ea.~y, and when one United F;t.ates east of the MisRissippi ethnologists consider the Americrm Inuliar language \\"ere a so a simple and solemn vows. re~ion numerous people in Mexico. In lfentral Mongolian, Polync~ian 1 and the Cauca.~ian Blackfeet Indians; the Abjibwas or Chip­ type; by ot.hers, as denved from the graft­ In acnicnt times the body wn.s covered pewas held the shores of Lake Superior; America the predominating family was the ing of Old World raecs on a true American with furs and skins nccording to the sea­ Maya., including the family Quiclws, south and west of the Hudson Bay were Kar.hiquels, etc. The Inca race and the raee; but my person~! opinion is swung to sons, hut now the whiw man's clothes and the Crees. The Len'a-Lenape scr.t.ion of blankets have generally superceded the Aymaras were the chief. The Arancan­ the fact, that so far as i~ known, their cul­ the Algonquin group ~omprised t.he five tme is indip:eous, beiug the rear.tion of the native dress; the moccasin of deer and nations of the Delawares, induding the ans, to the south of thc~c. in Chile had a Indian to his environment. The real ori­ moose hide, and in wilder tribes, the orna­ Mohicans. The Mohicans we find in New considerable rese mblan~e to the Algon­ gin of this Red Race found here with a mental leggings and headdress are largely England. The Iroquois included the Sen­ quins and the Iroquois ofNort.h America. civilir.ation of their own, is a closed book retained. They use them as ceremon ial ecas, Cayuga", Onondagas, Oneidas, and The remaining portions of South Ameri!'a, ncluding At.lant.ic slope, were principall~" of n.g;es, closed long ago, when they too rlothes, to-day, both in the east and wc.•t, Mohawk~, who formed a league of nations, and al~o in Canada. Their dwellings were occupied by tbe Guaranis, but, along its paS'led thru eave man age, the stone age afterwards joined by the Tuscarora.~ . The and so on, into an advanced civilization, made of bark, skins and mattings of t.heir Hurons came from the Iroquois group. northern coast were found the Caribs \\'ho and was not imported. own making, stretched on poles fixed in spread also over the Antilles and most. of the ground. These are known as long The Sioux f.!;roup occupied t.he plains be­ the West Indian Islands. In the extreme They are generally ~baract . eri7.cd as hav­ houses, round houses, wigwams, and t.e­ tween the Hocky Mountains and the southern part of the continent live t.he tnll ing long;, hlach and straight hair, scanty pees. Their long houses were copied by Mi'3Si~sippi River, and included the Assini­ Patagoni a. ns or Tehuelehes and squahrl beard, heavy brows, recf>.ding forchenrl~ many ~cttlers. their arms cons1sted of hoins V\'innepegs, lowas, Dakotas, Oma­ families in some respect. resembling; the dull and sleepy f>ye.~, a salient and dilated bow and arrows, spears, tomahawks, and has, Osages, Kansas, Crows, and Mandans. more debased Australians nose, full and compre.."Scd lips and the face war clubs, to which have been added the West of the Mississippi were the Pawnees, broad across the ehe<'ks whi<·h nre promin­ gun and knife of the white man. They near Nebraska and Platte River, and to by historian of the Narragansett Tribe ent, hut less angular thnn in the Mon~J:ol­ tra,,elerl in canoes made of logs hollowed sout.h east were the Chotn.ws and t.he ian . The lt:uuls and feet are small and out., call<'d dugouts or birch bark strewhed Chichas:tws. In the Rocky Mountain Princess H.e(j Wing of 7 Crescents well proport.ioned. The co mplexion var­ over a light frame, skillfully fastened with ies from dark brown to almost white; a deer's sinews and rendered water-tight by somewhat reddish tiut is common . The pitch. North Amt>rican Indian i!< generally des­ THE MOTHER OF THE NARRAGANSETT$ cribed as of h:1llghty demeanor, taciturn The Indians of th e United States arc and ~t.o icnJ, cunning, brnve, and often now largely gathered into reserva.tions, and Mrs. Julia Davis ways of living, we find many a mishap has ferocious in war; his tempern.ment poetic their former dress1 arms, and habits arc and imaginat.ive, and his simple eloquence hcing changed for those of the white people. This litt.le lady of ninety-one summers, left its trace in a once nearly perfect race, of great dignit.y and beauty. The invasion of civilizatiou is drivmg out, smiled up at her company, bringing her leavin~~; to-day cripples and diseased . It their old characteristics. The antiqu ties tiny black eyes almost to11:ether, and re­ was then that this ehild had her legs frozen, The Indians of Cann.rla and the United found in Mexico, Peru, and t.he ruins in plied to questions with the straightfor­ and lost both them. Central America., prove that the semi­ States believe in the two ant.n.gonistic prin­ wardness of her ancestors. Her hair In the window seat be~ide her were tnll, ciples of good and evil, nnd a strong belief r.ivili?.ed races, there existing, had made straight and white with age was combed green, fresh-looking plants. These are her in Manitons or Spiritual Beings, one of considerable progress in sculpture and architecture. down smooth under a little cap. She sat daily companions, and between them, one them being spoken of as the Gitche Mani­ in a chair whirh for years has been close could sense a beautiful language that trul~· tou or Great Spirit, high nhove all things, To-day we have ahout one hundred and to her and she patted the arms of it da.int­ existed. Wit.h her, live her children, who creator of the universe. Some believed in ninety-t.~'o tribes, speaking fifty-eight dif­ ily. This cheerful lit.tle lady has no legs. have kept the dear little lady and her sur­ .the tmn!"rni!!;rat.ion of the soul into ot.her ferent. tongues; each as different as the Years ago, when Indians were trying to roundings immacula.t.e. The fire burned men, and in demons. Others believed in German from the French or English. The adjust themselves to white civilization and merrily, keeping her warm and comfort-

12 13 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN

able and she showed, she was well fed and while then I came back here. I got a upon a small rerited plot; we must work Peter, he c:umot pra~' like Poul, he cannot cared for by her own. Surely here was daughter in Nevada and my son went to for tt white man's dr1llar, in order to live give an oration like Patrick Henry,he cnn­ portrayed the "law of the Narragansett", \var." in a white man's world. not judge like Hughes, he~ cannot figure -"henceforth the old and the feeble shall "Do not leave these lands, where I have e11uations like Einstein, he cannot sinJ! be cared for by the younger ones." This seemed to cover her traveling days and brought her thoughts back to South given you birth. Leave nnt. t.he grave of lik e McCormick, he cannot fight like "When is your birthday," asked one County. Here her memory covered events your 1\Iot.lJCr. This is the law of the Per~hing, he cannot fly like Lindhurgh,­ viRitor. Without hesitation, Mrs. Julia at the Indian Meeting House, a little way tribe. Do not forget there are precious but he has written h!s records of brotherlY Davis answered, "I was born August 23rd, up t.he road from her home. Her eyes t.hings in this world that clolln.rs can11ot lo1·c on the hearts of men. He has tolii 1844, right here. Silos Lewis was my lighted up and she became very talkative buy. Hold fast to them, keep the creed ot.hen> of the love of the Ma,.ter of Life, ancestor and the Anthonys." and entertaining. She promised to find ,,f yuur forefathers, uphold your cht:rch, he has k!'pt. alive the true Fpirit of the "Do you remember your grandmother or us many old storil's, wherein lay the old tuon vour fnec f•·om the evil firewater, seek Narragan!>ef.t.s thru simple, every day (~od (,nrJv in the murnin~ :wd you will be grandfather," asked her visitor. folk laws of the tribe. She who da.nccd in thoughts and actions. youth and then deprived of legs, taught rich." He often stoops t.o pat a little kitten, This took her back to olden days and Sunday School to little Narragansetts, He jin~kd t.he 13 ce• ~ ts in his pocket, he can quiet a tiny child, he can shake the she began t.o tell storie~ which your writer who to-day are grandfathers, who sang rich a.lrc3dv from hi~ allot.ment. from the hands of pm~idents or dine with the ladies will relate from time to time in these "All Hail the Power of Jesus Name", holds reservation; which be spent for a jnrk­ with as much dignit.y as our age requires; columns. Slowly piece by piece she gave in her eripplc lap a store of Indian tradi­ kn!fe. he cn.n talk to judge and lawyers who dis­ stories from the "~reat unwritten book of tions She was born a.nd reared on a "Yon will find life, love and happiness pute not. his word. He can stand nl:ove hi~ the Narragansetts' since the latter pnrt reservat.ion a.s truly as those who came out hcrP for t.hi~ is yom own nativr land, son. fellowmen in church and lift all to his of the 18th century when her grandfather of the we~t, and is a living example of the Around you will grow up towns a.ncl a level; he can drive his car with care that was alive. true spirit of the once powerful Na.rragan­ hundred vears will still find thPm st.rugg1e his passengers feel safe to ride; he can rc:td "On this !arid," she continued, "white set.t of southern New England. Civiliza­ ;ng and ;ea.rrd·,in{l; for what they haven't from Emerson and i:)hakesper-trc and man has never lived. We lived here long tion has p;rown up a.round her, and aJ­ got-- -ccnt.ent.m('nt and pea<'e. Forgl't. not churkle with ddight. He is handy in before the reservation was sold; and when though Indian at heart, has kept pace with the law!> of vour trih<' and the1• will lead a..~s i ~Connecticut and lived there for a great men and women of all races. order t.o l;vc on the same stanrlHrd with cen'.s is gm1e and the litt.lc jack knife long his neig:hhors. since lost, but he is rich in wisdom, beyond He t.oo!< n. wife of Narraganoett and the laws of man; yl:'t he is not blind to all CHIEF PINE TREE Peqnot blood of a firm old Indian t.ype, that civili;mt.ion has brought him. Yet. anrl togethl'r they h::we worked and reamd, our medicine man lives in 9. realm of tw­ and educated a. large family, now stanoing ture wherein the greater issues of life From one of the finest old families in charge you by all the holy law of nature shoulder to shoulder with their white vibrate peace. Narra~;anset . t territory comes our medicine and the God of the Narragansetts, "let brethren; but ~ti ll keeping alive the true When his church rereived the. loveh' man, Chief Pine Tree, members of our not the Spirit of the true Narragansett Narm~ans e t.t. Spirit.. One hns hut. to look silken flags of his state and his countr~: . present Tribal Council, Mr. William die" Be a Narragansett brave and true­ onee, t.he square bronr.E' jaw, to know the from the Rhode Island State Federation of Lincoln Wilcox, of 34 John Street, West­ hearten, thru all the modern changes, that determination and square r.hararter of Women's Cluhs and Senator and Mrs. erly, R. I. Many winters have passed shall come along your future path; and let this man. Hi~ C~' <'S, small wit.h a nativ(' Graham, his patriotism and cn t.husia sm over his snow white head, since he stood not your sons and grandsons forget their l<~tuint. are .-.ye~ that l!eejfar int.o the fnhJr(', ran high. "Hurrah for old Glory," he at his Mother's knee, a husky lad of a few forefathers of t.hese fair acres. Every hill that. FE'e right from wrong, t.hat ~ee when shout.ed, "Hurrah Hurrah Hurrah " and summers and heard the news. He remem­ in South County has been a shrine of to speak and when to keep still, thv.t see all the Narragansetts stirred in their bers the men who were surveying the prayer; and a million dawns have found the pr.opheey of his Mother coming true, crowded seats for the litt.le church was reservation in preparation :'or sale and the t.he braves of our tribe communing with around about. him. Thest' eyes grow dim filled . HiR little granddaughter followed heated conversations that were . going the Great Spirit. but fail not. in gentle and kind looks t.o all grandpa's spirit, steppin g to the front. and around at that time. "They were brothers to the storm and maukind. · in a clear ringing voice saying, "Son," said his Mother, "We nrc citi­ t.he sunshine, and they understood t.he WIH'n Chief Pine Trer spcnks, it is like zens of t.he State of Rhode Island and the whisper in the pine trees. For civilir.ation the whispering of wild winds, cradled in Uniterl States of America, but our reserva­ and Christianity we have traded our un­ the mighty pine, hushed by t.he voice of "She's up there Old Glory tion is gone, and soon will lJe gone these limited independence. For generations mot.hr.r nature. He speaks low, but ftrm- May she ever wave few pieces of silver The world ma.y for­ we have watched the crowding in of the 1?; a riotonF n.udienr.e, or a roomful of O'er the home of the brave g.et--but young one, out there sleep your pale face and many of our brothers have arguing people, pause, INm forward . to And the land of the free " s1res of a thousand years. This very journeyed westward, to the la.nd of the ~atch ench thought; and then h:wmg ground is made up of the bones of Narra­ setting sun. But son, my henrt is old and r·aught it, relax conforted hy his simple We Indians, ali:vc with the spirit of nu1· gansetts. I, your N arra.gansett Mother, ·my father's land is gone. We must. live words of wiFdom. H e cannot. preach hke I ancestors, standing upon that ~a c red ~p o t,

14 15 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN

INTERESTING INDIANS sensed a deep thrill at those words, "the Outgrows its earthly vehicle home of the brave ·and the land of the As it must- free." Then God must grow through me John H. Noka youthful and uncrowned prince we stand Chief Pine Tree, in defiance of all op­ Because of what I, and myriad others­ and look back over the two hundred years The dca.th of John H. Noka of Westerly, posing influences, that have come to bear Add to the volume of his spiritual force. since hiR great an!'estor was dethroned, ami upon our little group, will keep the name formally of South Kingstown, where he are th?.nkful to have known him and that "Narragansett Tribe of Indians", and all w1u:; a resident of the community of JVIatun­ remnant of the family of kings who ruled it st:tnds for, as a standard of fine American For God is a spiritual force uck for many year~, should have more than these fair hills still lives among us. citiz;enship for our posterity. It was his And, Rince I am part of Him a passing notire, inasmuch as the maternal Mr. Noka's direct descent from rovaltv 'line of his family is a descendant of royalty: fearless spirit, that finnly and quiet.ly lead I'll not be trammelled comes from Thomas Nini~ret who ma1·ried the members of his tribe to rally for legal also for his kind and obedient dosposition Mary Whitford, Apri! 1761. ChriRtn;>her, recognition. It was he who said, "If the By any creed or dogma · in his youth to all whom he met. Mr. a member of the tribe in good standing, Narragansetts need a charter, a charter For he who cn.!ls not to a distant God Noka became an orphan in his youth by married a daughter and hf'.ir of t.he above the loss of his father, who then resided in we will get." And he with several others But ever talks as to his closest friend house, and many children were l)Ofll unto got it, properly signed and sealed by the ·wakefield, and henee his acquaintance and them, among them were: Mary, Hannah, With his own highest self regards among us in his boyhood. State of Rhode Island and Providence And rests on that- and Cnroline. Caroline the se!'oncl, mnr­ Plantations. In a.ft.er years, Mr. Noka, with great ried Isaac Rodman. Their children were: Nor seeks a fanciful prop to stay pride 1tnd sinceret.y, me~tioncd his descent Christopher, Hannah, and l\-Iar~ · . etc. My generation and my !'hildmn'8 gener­ His mcnt1tl or his moral weariness­ from the royal house of the Ninigrets as Mary married Moses Noka, and unto ation now living to witncFS this act., do pny Is the only st.rong, free man t.hc story had been handed to him by his them were born: Mary, Sarah, Caroline, homa!l;e to our medicine man. We will Mot.her. However silent and unhallowed In all the world. Daniel, John H., and Christopher. not let the charter become void thru our may have been the fate of I 0,000 princes, If fate had dealt leRs rigorously with the neglect. From the plt!l;CS of thnJ great the name and memory of our young fri end house of his royal fathers, where may this understanding poet, Mr. Orville Leonard, i::iomctimes my voice is a thunderous roar; is certa.in and ser.ure, not that it rest~ in child of royalty have been'/ At least he who was the Indian's friencl , and whose the embrace of chivalry or of romancf' but. would have been a prince in his Mother ' ~ family in colonial dn~·s were a friend of Sometimes 'tis the softest sigh, ~0ft. ly ~u a rdcd , a Ride from the tradition!> Elfin songs are sung at my door house, trusted to the leaderRhip of armies, King Philip, I am permiltetl to give this of hiR famil.v, in the annals of the ~tate . as well as a voice in her councils. poem for our chief. harbor the lion's <'ry, To where the smges and the billows flf And I sing to myself in my solitude the great ocean of time has lift the life, For a giant am I. the memory and the importance of our Potter

As my needles pi ck out sharp tracery TO THE PINE THEE NARRAGANSETT TRIBAL CREED Against the moonlight cold, by Orville Leonard From the edge of a hole in my sturdy bole Our fathers gave us many good laws, forgets; that hereafter He will give ever~· from the "Genic in the Jar" The night owl's cry is rolled. which they had learned from their fathers. man a spirit home according to his de~erts, The ehipmunks scamper along my limbs; They told. us to treat all men as they treat this I believe, and all my people believe The SCJuirrels chatter and scald. us; that we should never be the first to the same. The true God it; iu nw break a bargain; that it W!le~ a disgrace to (The chi('f repe:tt!< this at ceremonial meet­ Even as he is tell a lie; that it. was a shame for one man ings and the counr.il answers) Though I snap and crack when the Frost to take from another his life or his prop­ At. the heart. of the universe King's free; erty wit.hout paying for it. We were An Indian rc.o;pects a brave man, lmt he despises a coward. He loves a straight And when I grow above this world Though I stand as straight as a line taught to believe t.hat. the Great Spirit sees and hears everything, and that He never tongue, but he hates a forked tongue. There is a. something eman:tt.cs from me Yet I sing you the softest lullaby An outgrowth from my earthly life With the wind through my needles fine; But greater than that life For I am the restfullest, gentlest t.ree, LISTEN TO THE MEDICINE MAN That cannot die. Although I'm a mighty pine. Cut yom hair on the new of the moon Plant veg:rt.ablcs that ripen und2r the So even must God grow I bring you strength through the hours of if you want it to grow. ground on the dark of the moon, such as Because of that outgrowth in me light, potatoes, beets. r.arrots and turnips. Greater than my life, And, when the shadows creep- Cut. vou hair on the dark of the moon Plant. vegetables that ripen above the and it ~viii not. do well. · That I add to tiJC hcnrt of the universe. ! breath my balsam to fill your night, ground like rorn, beans, tomatoes, peas, And send you slumber deep; The New of Ute Moon means the time etc., on the new of the moon. He is ever <'hanv;ing from the new moon to the full moon and Do every day what belongs to that day For I am the symbol of quiet strength­ Even as I chnnp:e then it grow~ smaller until last quarter; Medicine Man- And if the Spirit iu me And I am the spirit of sleep this period is called the Dark of the Moon. Chief Pine Tree has spoken

16 17 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN

LESSON IN OUR NATIVE TONGUE TEA AT SUNSET COTTAGE

The Indians have left us no written meaning, let us ::\well in peace or we can Sunset Cottage, the home of Mr. and Sunset continued, "But Chief, if it does bndmarks in their history. Of their sleep together like brothers. Mrs. Edward Micheal, is snuggled in die, it will go down fighting. The world bnguage there remains t.o us scarcely N ctDp-friPnd . N etompaug-f ricml>' among more officious buildings on the ea.~t may never understand whitt we are fight­ more than the names t.hcy gave to hills Ncen, keen. ewo-I, you, he side of Providence, R I. Mr. Micheal is ing for, or our principles, but we do Our brooks ·and rivers. ' It g;reC'ting Roger Wil­ associations together. T hus keeping alive li:tms received when he landed at t."he head Neen wau tam-lunderstand T he little, old fashioned iron gate thru our activities all the fin e old tribal of Narragansett 13ay; "Wunnegin cowish" Calumet- The pca.r.e pipe creeked a cheery welcome to Chief Pine laws and principles. If we don't get to­ Tree, Princess Minnetonka a.nd myself, gether on these things now, while men like The Narragansett historian will appreciate all unwritten stories of )•our grandmo_ and we passed thru. Chief Sunset an­ you still live, the younger generations will thers and gr:mdfathcrs of pust Narrag:msett clays. Send facts and stories to swered our knock at the door and offered soon be forgetting the f11 ith of our fore­ a friendly hand, saying, "enter friends, Princess Red Wing, Box 10.3, Oakland, R. I. You will find them preserved in Chief Sunset bids you welcome." The fathr.rs." these columns from t.ime t.o time: chief's ma.nners are as easy and polite as "Well spoken, madame," said Sunset, his white brothers, and we were soon com­ "But what of such characters as old John Nokgeagg? Will he fall in line?" And he Let us All Read fortably at home in the co7.y sit.ting room.· Dea ths Mrs. Michea.\ came in and as.~isted in mak­ gazed curiously at his guest. "A Ccufiii'Y of Dishonor" I.Jy Helen ing us content. "He's dead," said I , "Just died this J1~ckson-Thc "Century· of Progress Ex­ John Noka, died in 78t.h year. He was of fine old Narragansett family, and "What news, oh P ine Tree?" said Sunset winter." position" in Chicago J!;avc no progressive in his frank open manner. showing for t.hc indians. Perhaps, in ·several years ago he sought restitution Chief i::lunset arose and made another sign~ an other centmy, if II'<' all rca.d on Indian from the Rhode Island Senate for land "We came, chief," said Chief Pine Tree, Indian sign. T hese he has promised affairs a nd subjects, we may become en­ he alleged was illegally taken from his t he Narragansett medicine man, "to ex­ to explain to us later. You will find them lightened and progressive. · lf one docs tribe. He died at his home in Charles­ tend to you personally, an invitation t.o in these columns. not go forward, then one slips backwards; town after a long period of fail ing sit in at. our tribal husines.<; meetings, "I'll help you in anything that is pun~l y in slipping h;tck wards, le t us wipe out. the health. He was born in Charlestown, which now meet the last Saturday of every N arragansctt, or for the good of the tri be. dishonor and gather up the lovely traits t.he son of Mr. and Mrs. Joshue Noka. month at the Old Meeting House. The I personally know about 193 Narragan­ of our ancc.~t•,rs . For many years he was employed as a executive board sends you greetings, hop­ sett.s and a few W amps a.nd Pequots-a ltcad-"We.~ /crly mulliN IVitucssc.<". st.onc cutter. He wns always promin­ in !!; you will exert yourself in behalf of the. Mohegan or two right. here in Rhode nent in Indian nctivit.ics in this state new tribal union. We need every drop or Island. It. will be a great t.hing to see a Milestones :1.nd was a member of the Narragansett Narragansett blood t.o keep alive t.he newly big and real t ribal organir,at.ion like I see 13irths Indian Chur<~h at Charlestown. He is born organization of the old t.ribe, \vbich in rast memories." J•:Jea:wr- F.,h. l. l, 1 ~):!!1, iu \V(~~t.crly ::-:urvivcd by two brothers, James and for 53 years has lain dormant." 'Bring those mcmorics huck to us, llospit.al, t.o Mr. and Mr;;. Carroll N. .Alphcus. He is hurried in the old fam­ Chief Sunset stood up, g:we an lndin.n please, Chief Sunset," sa.id I, "thPy arc Elea?.er of 100 Canal Htrcet., Westerly, ily lot at Charlestown. sign and raised his hand to. heaven. "As golden memories, they must not be l o~t. H. I., a da11ght.er, Barbn.ra Delores. long a.~ time shall be and one drop of Nar­ My son wants them and his son too. T he Narrag:tnsett Tribe sends grcet.ings Miss Eva Harry, died in he1· 25th year, ragansett blood exists, may the Narra.gan­ Don't you see " to B:trlmra Dellres EleMcr, t.he first horn Rt her home in Peacedale, R. I. She set.t Tribe never die, and may it's spirit And Chief Sunset opened that " great into ou r newly organized tribe. May was the daughter of Luther Harry and live forever." unwritwn book of the redmcn." White the blessing of t.he fait.h of her fore­ t he late Eva :Hull; Harry. Burial .in "Amen " murmurred his list-eners, and men put everythi ng clown on parer, but fathers attend her always. Oak Dell Cemetary. I jotted down his words. the red man, who couldn't wnte, put

18 19 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN things down in his brain, and on his heart. ed to keep us from being a "vanishing The Pequots shot the noble Chief, Canonicus spoke in the gone by days: vVhat a grand 2 hours we spent after that. race." And we sipped our tea while he Mohegans cut his body brief, " I have never suffered any wrong t o be Mrs. MICheal served us piping hot bis­ told us of his famous grandmother. He Niantics, led by Ninigret., offered to the E:1g:l ish since they landed, cuit-s and home made jltm and tea. Over had other old family pictures. Hrist.ollc nor never will. If the Englishman speak the tea cups we listened t.o t.hc chief talk. Michc:tl, a 1:ouncilman in I 8SO, Chinf They burned that royal Canonehet. truP., if he mean truly, I sh:Lll go to my He brought out old relics, books, news­ Sunset's bther wns one who "signed t.hc grave in pcaec, and hope that t.hc English p~.pe rsc bppmg, pictures, etc. But the re._<;ervation away." l3ut the story of that The Pilgrim's sought. to own the land, and my posterity shall live in love and picture ~hat interested me most, was tha.t signing, the Chief will give you in his own peace together." of .Mollie Rodman, hanging on the wall. words. They saw, with fear, the ow.ner's hand, Canom:cus She was a fine looking Indian lady of three . Divided was the Indian band, " A warrior may lose his spear, his bow generatiOns ago, or more. She it was The chief told us many stories of his l{ingcloms divided cannot stand who married int.o the royal fami'ly of th~ childhood. His mind seemed to pick and arrows, his knife, but h:s thoughts may Ninigrets n.nd produced so many descen­ them up like a good receiving set and he still rema.in with him and prove to be his Copyrighted, 1928 By Fred V . Broum most powerful weapons." dants now living in South County. Often. would ~ny, "It seems but yesterday; it is I have beard t.he name. No\v I stood strange that I rn.n remember those thinp;s ~azing into her keen, sharp features, seek­ so vividly, the digging up of Indian graves, THE SACRIFICE mp; the resemblance to many who were and yet ca.n't remember where I put my grandch ildrcn, great grandchildren and glasses 5 minutes ago." still another great. Mollie Rodman help- Not all the blood they would release Anent, an ere that Easter lo We smiled and understood. On Jewish altars lain The tomh received it's dead, Could set the guilty soul at ease What washes whiter than to know? THE LAST OF THE SACHEMS Or hide away the shame. His rising as he said. Light in the darkness and forsooth, Tashassuck was a might.y chief, Twas Roger Williams staid the tide, Before the hills in order stood · In darkness throve the might, With son and daughter fair, The tide of English blood, A lion he was slain Grace, p<'ace and mercy, with the truth, No worthy peers 'twas said with grief, The price was Narragansett's pride, Emmanuel he said he would To lead us in the light. Were fount! to wed the pair. And doom beneath the flood. The lamb unblemished came. In eons wedded to the time Our riches vain, of blood wring, A legend wedding day, with pride, 'Twas Philip sought to stem the t.ide, We seek and ever deign, To lift the Sachem's gloom, When Narragansetts failed, Was wrought with strain the ware For tomb to hold the lamb divine To crown our Lord of Kings, the King, That regal daughter was the bride, And for his home and country died, T he lamb for sinners slnin. His son royn.l the groom. Soon Narragansett wailed. They laid the savior there. Shamed aga.in on Calvary, Connonicus, that SRchem' sn,gc, Old Ma.'\Sassoitt, the aliens While man in fear his darkest plight F reed from a Father's just dccr£>e, And prince of royal birth, ~ For allies, he entailed, For eurt.h the blood had torn Freed from the hw, and d ied won, To Narra.gansett Tribe, they gave, The W ampanoags paid the price Truth darkened wrought our Easter light Led to the Father by the Son. To walk the ways of ea.rth. When Metacomet failed. On that high Easter morn. Fred l'. Brou:n In days of yore, the sagamore, King Philip' head? 'twas sorely wound, Our chief Canonicus, And never buried in the ground. SOCIAL NOTES Twa.~ love he for the English bore, lly traitor's hand he came to die, And war he'd not discuss. His quartered parts were hung on high. The n ainbow Bugle and Drum Corps of of our young club and their management South Kingstown made a good showing at of the large assemblage. l'viiss Gladys The good old Chief Canonicus, A body lies in Sachems Plain, a contest for buglers and drummers in Babcock is chairman of the club, and \\·a s His arrows wrapped in snake, Mi-an-to-no-mi's royal fame, Eagle's Hall, Providence, R. I. The first in charge of affairs, Mr. William Glasko, He'd never ~cc:n a. hlundcrhus, Twas U ncas, of Mohegan strain, prize went to the Newport Boy Scouts, of Framingham, Mn.Es. , w:v; the fl oor man­ A11d bullets made him quake While bound, he cleft that skull in twain. and the second to t.he Mu.-Co.-Lit. Prov­ ag:er. Mrs. Babcock and Mr. Theodore idence Drum and Fife Corps. Brown managed the refreshment.<;. He could not understand the piece, A quartered body, and a head, The· Social Club of the N arrn.gansett T he Narragansett Council met at the A charm, he thought the lead, Mohegan ire, the blade was red, Tribe of Inrlians, gave n. very successful home of Mr. Cassius Champlin, Peacedalc, and enjoyable dance at . the Shannock R. 1., Saturday, March 9th. Chief Camh­ There's room for all and war should cease Mi-an-to-no-mi's royal son, Memorial Hall, in Shannock, R. I., March plin is president of the Council. After the The Narragansett said. Canonchet's days on earth were done. 2nd. It was well attended, and the Chief business meeting, Mrs. Champlin served and Council were pleased with the effort.~ the guest.s with a delightful collation and

20 21 THE NARRACANSfTT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN a. ;;ocial hour was enjoyed by all. The ladies of the Executive Boa rd of the the bean were brought by the crow, and in response to the voices about you. You Friday, Marc:h 8t.h, the Rainhow Drum Narrugan:sett Trihe

22 23 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN

KEEPER OF RECORDS INDIAN PHILOSOPHY NARRAGANSETT$ HOLD FIRST TRIBAl MEETING IN 53 YEARS Age iti the glorified path to immortal you at your resurredion. About. 200 Nam\gansett Indians and Mrs. Adell W. Rhodes played a piano youth. ·Care for the aged, yet a few more The evil Sl>irit is a cruel master . .for the the same number of gue.~ts met in Shan­ selection, "Love's Trail." Princess Min­ years and your hair greys. servi<'es upon which he puts his slaves is nock Memorial Hall, Tuesday evening, netonka :Mrs. Marion W. Brown; sang Consider the land of darkness is no place to undo themselves. Dec. 4, to receive me;;sa~;es of greetings for repentance-there is no repentance in "By the Waters of Minnetonka." the grave. The judgment day will be a great pa,· from Miss Glady~ Tantaquidgeon, a rep­ day. The wages of sin are death and will th> Be rather careful of what you do1 rather resentative from Indian Bureau of the be di~tributcd to all who earn it. Department of the Interior, Washingt,Qn , OFFICERS ELECTED AT TRIBE MEETING thun what you have; for that wh1ch you D. C. have only lastR for a while, you take it not Oc>-ath is one of the first settlers in evcrv Peckham Named Chief Sachem with you in death and when sick ,is useless. town. New Year's days are knotches Governor Theodore Frapcis Green, But. what. you do is yours, and will follow towards eternity. Repcnt.ancc is the great­ Mayor Mortimer A. tiullivan of Newport., for Two-Year Period you to your grave, and plead for or against est honor, next to innocence. Representat.ive F . B. Rollinson of South at Shannock Session. Kingstown and other sspoke. Governor Green told of his acquainrance HELD UNDER NEW CHARTER with Narragansetts for over 25 yea.rs and TRADITION The first regular meeting of the Narra­ said he had had p;r€'..nt ple~ure in following YOUTH lEARNS THE MYSTERIES OF liFE the old tmils. He hoped that the Indians ganset.t Tribe of Indians was held l~t of today would still possess the splendid evening in Memorial Hall, Shannock. FROM GITCHE MANITOU, THE GREAT SPIRIT virtues of their ancestors. As Roger Wil­ About. 66 members were present. It wa~> liams once said, in his dealing with the the first meeting held under the new char­ It Indians, he had never known an Indian to ter granted by the Secretary of State last was not the shores of Oitche Gurnee happiness, and brings freedom of con­ break his word. December 3rd. Ernest Har.ard presided but tlw short:'S of our own shining Big-Sea­ sciousness." They were taught. to he as moderator. Water, the Narragan~ett Bay, where lived truthful and above all , t.o he brave. In­ Rev. Francis Russell, missionary of the an ~! died the Narragansett Tribe for gen­ dians do not like a coward in a girl or boy. Rhode Island Ba1>tist Convention, spoke The following officers were elcC'ted for a two-year term: Chief Sachem Philip Peck­ erations hefore the white man came. and in days of yore, a coward was posses~ of his work at the Haskell Instit.ute and 1 ham; nine councilmen, CassiUs Champlin Over thr rdls of historic South f;ounty, in sed wit.h the evil spirit, they thought. said the first Bapt,ist Church in Wisc~onsin of Wakefield, William Glasko, Oakland; Rhode Isla.nd, have wandered the squaws Consta.nt.ly they were lau!l:ht. "Be not was founded by a Narrn.g;~nsctt Indian. Theodore l3rown, l'ctlcc Dale; Harry Peck­ ami br,wes of Yore with as murh interest. afraid and stand in awe bcfo1·c the Great As t,Q the Indian program. Chief Night ham, Westerly; Charles Babcock, Alton; in life nnd with more pcac·e than we find Spirit." Hawk :Philip H. Peckham; said he ha.d George Hazard, Charlestown; William to-cby in this ~arne tP.rritory. When the been working on the Narragansett move­ Wilcox, Westerly; Clifford Reckling, Nar­ snow heaped high, the smoke .:ould be seen Shall we pause by a wigwam, where sits ment for many years and was glad tha.t. ragansett Pier, and Ernest Hazard, Char rurli1og from many wigwams and t.he .smell a squaw busily at work on a willow basket. the N!Hragttnsetts had at last seen the raga.ni; in the snow t.o yonder hill, Hhowcrl thn.t cyr.~, and her gal.rin!!: even though animals and people ma.'· ceived appla.nse when he explained that Court. of life too rolls around for many n lad and cntsh t.hem. Even a rain or wind ~ form Secretary of State Louis W. C:~ppclli had Chairman of t.he socinl committee, Miss lassie. They are like young untrained may t-e ar them to pieces. Yet. fearle.•sl" ~ranted a c:hart.cr to t.he Narm~ansctt Gladys Babc:ock, Bradford; historian, Mrs. hor~es prancing in the ~un li ght. Life is they turn their faces to the sun. and the Tribe, so that they c:ould protect and in­ Ella Peck, Oakland; musical director, Miss theirs, but many questions would they ask mother wise in a 11 t,1e laws of naturt-, crease their Lrihal lands. Mary Peckham, Charlestown; chairmnn of of older members. Often they are warned keen in mind, under~tanding all the deeper The inC'orporators arc: William L Wil­ the food committee, Harry Peckham of and carefully are they watched. The issues of life, and the great tempests of cox, Philip F. Pcckhnm, Charles H. Bah­ Westerly; chairman of the dramatic club, Narrag;ansetts ha:i a great. love and pride passions, so soon to play a havoc with he r cock, R. Lewis Wilcox, Harry A. Peckham, Louis W1lcox, W€'st.erly; chairman of the in t.heir offsprings. Still they 'did not young blossom, ponders deeply. Slo\\'1_, .. Marion W. Brown, Clam F. Peckham and at.hletic committee, Horatio S. Stant.on, fondle them or call them by pet name.~, as quietly, she calls her daughter to hrt·. Rachel A. Peckham. West-erly; chairma.n of the sick committee, we rlo to-day. But. they showed love hy The young girl, listles8 in the 8pringtimc careful watchfulne.•s and guidance, in thc Susan :md Wnlter Peck, children of Mrs. Clara Peckham, Charlestown. sun is tired of her dolls, she cares not to Princess H.cdwing, a Na.rraj!;anset.t. mission­ William S. Wilcox of Westerly was re­ ri~;;ht path a~ the Great Spirit. gave them run with the younger chi ldren and he r ary to South Dakota, sang songs in the elected Medicine Man, having served in "·1sdom. They taught them the fear of brot.her has gone fishing with the eld er this capacity for over 15 years. The next God very early in life, and if they were men. She docs not wish to concentr : \h~ tiioux lan~ua. ge . regular meeting was held on the last had the evil one would rule them, and upon the basket, weaving round nnd Miss Mary Peckham sang an lndian Saturday in February at the Old Indian bring harm. Is it so far from our rules of round, tired of smoothing and shaping the melody, "Hiawatha's Melody of Love." Church ·in Charlesto\vn. to-day? "Obedience is the first law of splints, she comes expectantly t

24 25 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN

resourceful mother. For it was always· little girl of fourteen summers, fearing le~s tana drinks and grows drov>sy. Her and trembling with the magnitude of it. mother who understood when the world t]1e Good Bpiri t call and she miss the.sign. mother draws the d eerskin curtain and Her mother comes when the sun is high, looked perplexed. It was always mother She had wandered back and forth uncon­ tip t oe~ out. All around the wigwam the and gives her a "oo! drink; searching cverv who never failed with a new t;l10ught, a sciously to the brook, until she knew she braves talk in whisper~ lest they wake her detail of her cou ntenance, she has no nee(! new game, a new task. "Cuttana pee­ would not falter by night. Sheltered or d1sturb her ponderings. The li ttle to voice a question .· All thru the warm yaush," said the mother, come ,dau{!;hter, under a secret rock were her towel and lady figures, in her mind, many things now, afternoon the little girl tosses about in her mother would speak with you. Manv toilet articles of tbo~e days. She kept that she knew not before. She close• her bed, ~ nd as night approaches, she become~ t.hings, my mother told me, and I have rather close to mot, her, feeling the mav;­ eyes and prays for more knowledge of the anxious for it to hasten, that she ma1· carried them in my bosom for you. You netlc source of strength there; unt.il one mysteries of life, that she too, may become walk in the enveloping darkness again nne! will secret them deep in yonr heart until day, the mother, watching carefully less a. wise squaw, like her mother, wise in life, let the cool water flow over her warm the Great- Spirit blesses you, :wd mak<'.s 111 befall her little girl, brewed some nntnip wise in love, wise in wifehood, wise in body. you a part. of the great pbn of life. Man­ tea for Cutt.ana. When the shades of motherhood, loving to all. She drifts into itou, the Good Spirit will speak to you; a light fantastic sleep where dreams of The fourth night, Cuttana washed and evening grew long, the mother patted returned to her hed, she found it changed, your body Will respond. H will be like a Cuttana's fevered check, "Fear not, Cut­ other worlds, other t.ha.n the childish world fountain in the side of a hill, fresh, bub­ she has left, comes to her. She, in fancy, clean and fresh and (.he cover to her bas­ .tana, the Good Spirit, will guide you be ket, off. Hardly can she await the dawn. bling, spa_rkling and life giving. The ~ot afratd IV~a nitou is almighty the g~eat dances out on a dew sweetened meadow, stones of life over wh1ch vou will stubble like a woodland nymph, the halo of inno­ She hears her father astir with the firs t. raY Sun obeys hun, the thunder and lighten­ of light and listens to his footsteps facie will be us many as you scr. at the spring. mg IS hi~ might.y voice and the heart heat cenee lights her path as bright. as a mi ll ion Thru your soul will rnsh the deep passions fireflies to her. Down the path, from out away towards yonder hill. He has gone of men IS His gentle touch, Trust now out quietly to meet. the sunrise and speak of life, beating, lashing, sucking up your in your Creator for He would make you the mist, a tall brave appears. It. is vitality, seeking supremacy of your verv useful to His mighty erids." springtime, the air is sweet with fresh Wi th the Great Spirit at. the beginning of actions. Your heart will beat fa.st. l3e green of waking nature, the little frogs t he new day. I t is her new day and she not afraid lit.tle Cuttana. You will wake The mother drew the deerskin curtains• make rythym for t,heir feet, as they gayly steals out of bed and handles her precious in the soft, t.hiek darkness of night. You to shield her from the eyes of the rest of t rip along. It is Spring It is the spring gifts. This basket i ~ to her what a. young: will hear the "Voice" and understand it. the family and nodded wisely to her brave. of life, their bodies and souls are in tune girl's "hope chest" is to her to-dav. Not The friendly hlackness will cover yon, like Weary from waiting, feverish with anxiety, with the great universe in which they exist. dainty silks and fine linens t.o be si1re. but a cloak, that you may !mow no shame. soothed by the helpful herbs her wise They shout, "I must live and love and all the useful dainty things of her time and Go then and wn.~h, in the urook, in silence, mother had given her, liWe Cuttana mur­ thus love to live." Then ahead of them day, were there, everything re[juircd of her society in the virgin forest.. For JJ 0 \1. and beeome sweet. and dC'.un and a part. of !nurs a prayer1-"Great Spirit, my body a. sp:wc, becomes a shining light, like a :dl nature. Wisdom will walk with you 1~ re~u..ly, I Will know your sign." Slic glamorous sunrise a.nd from behind tha.t she would go into t.he society of older an understanding will come t.o be yom: dnfts mt.o a fitful slumber and the nir;J.jt fight, a voice is saying, "Gitche Manitou, women. Now she would sit at. couneil companion for life, never to leave you. wears on. Auother little one waits on the mighty, He the Master of life, bids with mother and older ~ i s tl!rs and once a You must then go back to bed before God. to open t.he door of life. Suddenly you pause awhile and listen to these month, her father will give her a party, dawn. Lay upon your bed for t.hree days she IS alone w1th her Maker, all is pitch words of wisdom and receive my hlessing; until she is wed. This part y is called t.he and fnst a1id pmy. I will draw the cur­ dark about her, unloosened are the wells for I must instill in your hearts, now, those "feast of the pure maiden" and a necessary tains of t.he wigwam by da.y and only b)~ of J>assion, Cuttana's young body is slive, things of which you should know." ceremony in the life of every household mght will you walk to the brook, wash and her soul '(lalp1ta.tes w1th the great meaning with young ladies. commune with nature. You will watch of hfe-llfe that was, life that is, and life Litt.le Cutta.na awa.kcs; the knowledge a ~ign, soon will be given and only yo~ t,o come. She stretches forth her hand as overwhelm~ her, and she lies there weak shall know." · if tograsp the loving hand of the Master of L1fe Himself and strength is given her Busily the mother wove on as if weaving to arise. Just before dawn, when the TROUT FISHING the very destiny of the ehild into t.he mght seems darkest and the little stars rapidly forming hnsket. Cut.tana, wide seem millions of miles away and the whole eyed, expectant, ~peak~ not; for she knows world is quietly sleeping. The wind in by Lone Wolf of Putnam, Conn. All t he streams and rivers of l\e11" England from the earnestness of her mother's voice, the leaves seem to rest and the bird!' on had shad, white perch, smelts, salmon, this is no time for tdle questioning. Her their ne..'it.s still have their heads hidden flpring is here and you have ~ feeling of trout ,bass, pickerel and any m1mber of mother, anxious not to frighten her or under their wings, while the fox . bears and new life. The fisherman is looking over other kinds. At the present day, the oyerburden her young mind wit,h weighty litt.le cre11.tures of earth are st,iil wmppcd his outfit. The old Indian of nygone days nvers have but few. life questions, which ouly life itself can in slumber. So still the world seems that at thi~ time of the year got his fish spears answer, speaks more light.ly. We Indians of to-day, do a,~ our \\'hile Cuttana· walks, as one in a vi~ion and she and nets. Then he went to the rivers brothers; some are woodwiSP as their fore­ "See, Cuttana., when the Sririt. speaks feels the nearness of the Great Spirit.. where the white perch and salmon came fathers. The fi rst fis h of t he r;pring ,that to ~·ou, this lmsket will be finished, and in His protect.ion makes her unafraid. She up the rivers to spawn. He went to shal­ the sportsman looks for is the t rout. It you will find mnny useful articles, of walks to the brook as her mother -hade low rapids and waded out; and when a big T rout is where you fi nd them, often in your very own, which will make for happi­ her, and bathed in the clear, cool water· fish came along, to his like~ , he would spear shallow brooks. Where you find a small ness and love to come. All the squaws then creeping back to bed before dawn. ' 1t. In that way they would get their there is sure to be a big one. To catcl; will help me fill it, that rny daughter may season's fi1

26 27 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN ATHLETICS When a big fellow is feeding, he is watch­ mmnows, so they are not anxious to try ful. If he sees your shadow, or !]Uick anything new. I advise you to use RACING CHI EF CLEARWATER movement, or feels the bank jar, he is worms, they are a very good bait.. Use Ellison "Tanan" Brown, the lanky President of the Athletic Club of the gone in an instam.·e, and lndian has no big bait, to catch big fish. The trout has young Indian marathoner from Alton, led · N. T. I. fish. a mouth as big as the bass or pickerel. the par'l.de of a mateur ath letcs in this ter­ In 1927, Chief Clearwater, H oratius To catch this big t.rout ,one must he For instance, one weighing a pound has ritory, and turned in the outstanding per­ Stanton, of Wc~ te rl y, famous Indian mar­ patient ami often for a long time. When a. mouth that you can put three fingers in . formances of any simon-pure sports com­ athon runner, was sehcd.l.tled to nm in you feel a nibble ,ch ~t.ill, when he bites If you use small hook and bait you will petitor. Maine with other Indian and white run­ c..lo not pull. let him have the bait. until catch smn.ll trout. It is not well to catch The Irl-year-olcl runner forged into the ners from a ll over the United ~t.a tes nnd you an• ~urc he h:1,q swallowed it and the under size fish. front ranks of New England's lending Canadn. At the athletic head!]unr1ers, hook. Then pull up your slack line, and 'marathonl"rs. ~nd in onr mstancc paired each signed up. To questions asked Fish n.t. the edge of fa~:ed record. Island." His inquirer looked up, stopped the hook out of his mouth. rapids. Here lay the big trout. Lat.er Brown opened his rueing season in the writing and said, "Sit do\\'n, sec ~· uu a in the season, when trees and plants Boston Marat.hnn on Aprill9, but suffered little later." S tanton sat nnd waited until When you fish in the early spring, you blossom, you use flies. Try it and sec an injury !n the event which forced him nil men were signed in, wanderin g; ,,·hat mu8t know your brooks, and what the how it works out. far ha<'k in thP list a nd he rould finish no t his bird had on his mind. f:ltnnton knew natuml feed is there. The trout have better than 32nd, the same position in his records and stanclings were good and been laying nil winte1· in deep pools and Lone Wolf whieh he completed the distance in 193;l. his A. A. U. card paid up. When t he rest feed on worms and slugs and grubs and Lawrence W. Wilcox Several weeks Inter he turned in a fine of the men passed on, the registrar can1<' showing in the t-<'n mile A. A. P. race nt up to ~!.anton and held out his hand ,­ LINEAGE OF THE NINIGRETS Norwich, finishing sixth. His next start "Wcll, chief, you're the fir~t Narragansett at. ArctiC' saw him just begin to his his I 've heard of since King Philip's 1\'ar. t rue stride. n.ncl he finished tbe tPn mile The lir~t Ninigret who reigned over the Any more where you come from?" Elder Ninigrct hanc..licup race in fourth place. Narra~ansctt Tribe of Indi.ans was called 64 cups and 42 medals, besides minor succeeded his fr\t her and George. Christopher Harry, a member of Thomas th~n Brown's. ribbons. He is a member of the A. A. l!. Ninigret's council of Indians. Children In his final race of the season, Brown a nd holds more ma.rathou trophies tha n At the death of CJunles Augustus, his were Christopher Ninigret Harry, Daniel minor son Charles was neknowledged ns reached the peak of his career, but un­ any other Indinn in the United S t ate~. s:tehcm by a portion of the tribe, but the Ninigret Harry, Mnry Ninigret Harry, fortunately was pitt-ed against Cla rence He is a member of the Rod a nd Gun Cluh Caroline Ninigrct Harry, Hannah Ninigret greater part adhered to his uncle, George. I:'e:Vlar on a day when the veteran was of R hode lsanc..l; the Public Library ofi Harry, Martha Ninigret Harry, Anna turning in his best performance in ten Westerly, Young Men's Cluh and t he This dispute was ended hy the denth of Ninigret H nrry. · ~·ounl-( Charles, and Geor!-(c received the years. Empire Indian Ba..>eball League of R hode Roy;d Belt anu other roya.l insignia in Daniel Ninigref Harry, born 1807, died D el'vbr a nd Brown ran the other entries Isla nd. He i:;; 39 >'enrs old, bo1·n and 1735. . 1885. C hildren: Eliza, Sarnh, Daniel, in the 26-mile race right into the dirt., reared in Sout.h County of the noted fam­ George Ninigrct left three children, Lydia., M a ry, Lut.hcr. forged wn.y out front at the first quarter ily of Indian St.ant.ons, whose records dale Thomas, George and Esther. Thomas Caroline Ninigret Harry, born 1805, a nd then blar.ed down the remainder of back to Canonicus. He is married a nd known as "Kin~ Tom", was horn in 1738, died I8G1, married Isaac Rodman, son of t.he stretch to set new· marathon murks. has one dltughter. The N arragansctt. nnd sueeccJed his father, Ceorge, in 1746. Molly Rodman. C hildren Caroline Rod­ Both were under the old records by five Trioe have elected h im as president of the He married Ma.ry Whitfield of Newport man, Mary Rodman, Hannah Rodman, minutes. DeMa r'B greater experience N . T . I. Athletic Club. Some of his wort h in April, 1761, and died in the latt.er part Christopher Rodman. over the stiff New Hampshire course en­ while suggestions, which may later he of 1769 or early in 1770. a bled him to beat Brown by 25 yards. realized are, a rnnoe tea.m fo r both girls Mary 11odma n, bnrn 1830, died 1801, and boys, and an archery team fo r both Thomas Ninigret's only son and also married Moses Noka, son of John and V. C hief Horat,io Stanton, long the dean of scxr-s. Ne .~ t winter we w ill think on bns­ his brot.her, Geor!!:e, having died previously Esther :Rodman; Noka. Children: Mar­ Rhode Island marathoners, retired during ketball and hockey. This summer \l'l~ his brother, George, having died previ­ tha Rodman, M ary Jane ,Caroline Harry, the past year, and h is familiar figure wns hope to have a good ha~cb all t.cam, train ously, Thomas was succeeded by his Sn.rah Abby, Daniel Rodman, John Henery missed at. t he Boston marathon and sev­ daught{)r Esther, who was crowned in om· young folks in tennis a nd hor::;ch:u·k and Christopher Ellsworth Noka. eral of the distnnce events in this State. riding. We also invite contests in Sll'i m­ 1770. Queen Esther in turn was succeed­ Hannah Rodman, born 1832, died 1901, ed IJy hc1· son George, who nt the age of Eddie Cotter nnd Elex Brown, both ming and diving. The Athletic Club married \J,1illiam Fnverweather. Several stud e nt.~ at .Rhode Island State College, shm,·s signs of br ing an interesting group. 22 \l'f\..'< killed hy a falling tree. His death 8ons, one being James W . former Westerly High lenders, were out.­ occurred during the War of the Revolu­ We hope all NarragansetIs or t li<' proper tion. 1775-17X2. After t.his time theNar­ skwdinl!: in the undefeated ducal met ages will join a nd co-operate \\'it h tlw fucorrlcd, April 21, 1\130, in Charles­ markH estahlillhcd by the Rams and the Captains of the various teams now form­ ragansett Indians had no ruling sachem. town, R. I., by Georg,e C ross, Town Clerk. Ram lets. ing.

28 29 THE NARRAGANSETT DAWN THE NARRAGANS ETT E>AWN

THE BOSTON MARATHON CATERING FOR PRIVATE PARTIES A SPECIALTY. About twenty Narragansetts in Her last wish being that he run, we fe lt A LA CARTE SERVICE cet·emonial clothes, were at Hopkinton, that he was brave to follow out this Shore Dinner Outings at Brightman's Pond on April 19th, to see the take off of wish, irregardless of his mental grief. their runner, Ellison "Tarzan" Brown. He had a graceful stride as he passed The party was escorted by Chief the 11th mile point, where the tribe Stanton, President of the N. T. I. cheered him and Chief Stanton, pacing Athletic Club. alor;g side, offered him water. ·•Tarzan" smiled and ran on, making a finish, the "Tarzan" was in good shape, physic- 13th man, and looking as though he ally, but had the sympathy of the could run a few more miles. Tht·ee whole t ribe in the lost of his mother. cheers for Tarzan! VOTING TWO GENERATIONS AGO

The Town of Charlestown wns to pay other for Bris Mi<"heal, is how t.h<:> story t:-> have the cedars cut in the " Great was told to me. Everyone voting, must. Hw:tmp." No one knows that 8Wamp like the lndiau,::, so they were all con­ jump over t.his line, on to the side for whom cernrd about. it.. Some of "Great Swamp" he or she was voting. More jumped on is i"bll Indian ln.nd. A council was called to Joe's side, so he cut the cedars in "Great and they dc< ~idcd t.o vote on who should Swamp." To vot.e again, a new mark have th'c job. Inclinn men and women must be made and they went thru the same gathered from miles :nonnd. ncar the old Indian f::ichool on School Honse Pond, proredure. The father of Cas.~ius Champ­ PECKHAM'S INN where to-dav still ~tand the self san,e old lin :one of our present. coun~il men; won coun"il rock~. the vote and g;ot. the job of hauling the 59 Granite Street Westerly, R. I. wood out of the swamp. Telephone 4172 The men cut a. !on!-( ]l'Jlc. One pulled it, while anot.hN rode on it,-thus mak:ng T he N . T. 1. Athletic Cluh arf! grateful HARRY PECKHAM, Prop. to Mr. Harry Peckham, who ha." donated (Former Manager of Elm Tree Inn Dining Room) a deep mnrk on the ground. One side of the nse of his truck, as a means of convey­ the mark was for O!d Joe Stnnton and the ing any athletic teams to games. TOURIST ACCOMMODATIONS LIGHT AIRY ROOMS BUSINESS DIRECTORY We are pleased to announce the opening of Peckham's Inn Attention-Indi:ut Head bonnets, Indinn Music-Pnnny's Musical Merrimac..~ , mu­ at 59 Granite Street ou the Boston Post Road, five minutes' Roaches made reasonable priee. Write sic for all occasions. Harvev Green­ walk and two minutes' drive from Westerly Post Office. It is (Red Fox) Lewis Wilcox, 41 Franklin halgh, leader; Francis (Fanny) Glasko, manager. Tel., Pascoag 175-J or 234-11 under the management of Harry Peckham, who for the past l::it. . , \Vcsterly, H.. I. Oakland, R. I. eight years has been the successful proprietor of the Elm TrotZ Card Reading-Have your future rend by Neecllecraft-Bead Work and Indian Cur­ ios. Princess Snow Fcat.hcr, 2046 N. Inn Dining Room. t.he da.ughtcr of a seventh daughter. Main St., Fall River ,Mass. In connection with the excellent Dining Room Service, Appointments. Tel. Westerly 4762, Tahoma, 34 John St., Westerly, R. I. Chief Black Hawk-Lecturer, entertainer which will compare favorably with the past efforts of Mr. and exhibitor. 2046 N. Main St., Fall Peckham, will be the Room Service. Guests will find large, River, Muss. Practical Mursing-Will go anywhere, airy, outside rooms with modern furnishings. As the Inn is take any kincl of ea~(' . Can furnish ccr­ Art Work- Interior dccomting. PricP.s reasonable. Hints free. Appoint­ located in the residential section of the town, where quiet t.ificatc [rom the l'rovidenec Y. W. C. A. ments en.ll Pascong 175-J, write Mrs. and home comforts prevail, sati~;faction is guaranteed to the Mrs. l\larion Brown, 34 John St., Ella Peek, Box 103, Oakland, R. I. Westerly, R. l., Tel. 4752. most fastidious. Ample parking space is provided at the rear of the Inn. 30 -:31 l'HE NARRAGANSETT DAWN

THE CHASE

When I mentioned this word to Mr. business most of his life, he has catered Harry Peckham, proprietor of Peck­ to many big hunting parties from other ham's Inn, be smiled his broad, sunny states. He is amember of many import­ smile and brushed back his greying ant gun and rod clubs of New England hair. He gave the half smoked cigar an and is known to every real hunter on extra chew, "The Chase," he chuckled, the eastern seaboard. "Weil-l guess I know a few stories of hunting and fishing." His charming wife comes from pure NaiTagansett blood, but has no child­ Harry Peckham, born in Brooklyn, ren. Standing Elk is a member of our CL of Indian mother and father, is our own Council and is Food Commissioner most famous Narragansett bunter. He for the Tribe. The whole countryside is well known to all hunters, having knows of Harry Peckham's dinners. brought down more deer, game and As he talked, I looked up at the wild fowl tban any other hunter in beautiful, mounted deer head in his New England. His stories on the Chase office. will be instructive as well as interest­ ing. But first, he says, we should ali "What a beauty," said I. know our dogs. Mr. Peckham, who is known to tribal members as Standing "You know-"said Standing Elk, Elk, has raised many valuable dogs for and launched off into the story. Boys, other hunters. He knows the proper you should have heard it! nut you will, care and training they need, besides in these columns. All the Boy Scouts many humorous stories of his dogs. of the State should find this humane hunter an interesting and influential He nlso has a pile of interesting deer friend and helper. stories, smelly skunk stories, and wide­ eyed duck stories, fascinating to all the I take pleasure in introducing Stand­ family. Standing Elk has promised us ing Elk w.ho will tell you, in our next his wealth of experience and know­ edition, something on "dogs." ledge of the hunt. Being in l10tel

32