DOCSLIB.ORG

P. DE CLERCQ and D. DEGHEELE Abstract Resume Introduction Stink

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
P. DE CLERCQ and D. DEGHEELE Abstract Resume Introduction Stink DEVELOPMENT AND SURVIVAL OF PODZSUS MACULZVENTRZS (SAY) AND PODZSUS SAGZTTA (FAB.) (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) AT VARIOUS CONSTANT TEMPERATURES P. DE CLERCQand D. DEGHEELE Laboratory of Agrozoology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Gent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium Abstract Can. Ent. 124: 125-133 (1992) Development and survival of the predatory pentatomids Podisus rnaculiventris (Say) and Podisus sagitta (Fab.) were studied at six constant temperatures ranging from 19 to 35OC. Time required for development from egg to adult ranged from 48.9 days (19°C) to 18.9 days (30°C)for P. rnaculiventris and from 5 1.9 days (1 9°C)to 16.9 days (33°C) for P. sagitta. At 33"C, eggs of P. rnaculiventris did not hatch and development of nymphs that had emerged at 23°C was retarded; none of the first-instar nymphs incu- bated at 35OC survived the next moult. A constant temperature of 35°C was fatal to P. sagitta eggs and extended the developmental period of nymphs from 23°C. Egg hatch ranged from 47% (19°C)to 57% (27°C)for P. rnaculiventris and from 54% (33°C) to 71% (27°C)for P. sagitta. Nymphal survival was high at moderate temperatures, with 63-78% and 65-82% of the first-instar nymphs of the respective species reaching adulthood. Mortality during the nymphal stage was significantly increased at high tem- peratures, but was considerably lower for P. sagitta than for P. rnaculiventris. Lower threshold temperatures for egg and nymphal development were estimated to be 10.7 and 1 1.7"Cfor P. rnaculiventris, and 13.3 and 12.2"Cfor P. sagitta. Thermal require- ments for these stages were 78.2 and 275.5 degree-days, and 60.9 and 265.5 degree- days, respectively. These observations suggest that P. sagitta is somewhat better adapted to high temperatures than is P. rnaculiventris. De Clercq, P., and D. Degheele. 1992. Influence de differentes temptratures constantes sur le dtveloppement et la survie de Podisus maculiventris (Say) et Podisus sagifta (Fab.) (Hete- roptera: Pentatomidae). Can. Enr. 124: 125-133. Resume Le dtveloppement et la survie des pentatomides prtdateurs Podisus rnaculiventris (Say) et Podisus sagitta (Fab.) ont ttt Ctudits six temptratures constantes de 19 a 35°C. La dur6e du dtveloppement de I'oeuf a I'adulte a van6 de 48,9jours (19°C)a 18,9 jours (30°C)pour P. rnaculiventris, et de 51,9 jours (19°C)a 16,9jours (33°C)pour P. sagitta. A 33"C,les oeufs de P. maculiventris ne sont pas tclos, et le dtveloppement des nymphes Ccloses a 23°C a CtC retardC; toutes les nymphes du premier stade incubCes a 35°C sont mortes pendant la premiere mue. Une temptrature constante de 35°C s'est montrte fatale pour les oeufs de P. sagitta et a retard6 le dtveloppement des nymphes tcloses a 23°C.Le pourcentage d'oeufs Cclos a varit de 47% (19°C)a 57% (27°C)pour P. rnaculiventris et de 54% (33°C)a 7 1 % (27°C)pour P. sagitta. La survie nymphale ttait bonne aux temptratures modtrCes, avec 63-78% et 65-82% des nymphes du premier instar des especes respectives arrivant au stade adulte. La mortalit6 au stade nymphal a CtC significativement augmentCe aux temptratures Clevtes, mais elle Ctait considtrablement moins tlevte pour P. sagitta que pour P. maculiventris. Les seuils thtoriques de temptrature pour le dtveloppement des oeufs et des nymphes ont CtC ttablis a 10,7 et 11,7OC pour P. rnaculiventris et a 13,3 et 12,2'C pour P. sagitta. Les besoins thermiques de ces stades ttaient de 78,2 et 275,s degrCs-jours, et 60,9et 265,5 degres-jours pour les especes respectives. Ces observations suggkrent que P. sagitta est plut8t mieux adapt6 2 des temptratures tlevtes que P. maculiventris. Introduction Stink bugs of the genus Podisus are polyphagous predators with a wide geographic distribution throughout the American continents. Podisus spp. are associated with a wide 126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST JanuaryIFebruary 1992 range of habitats, such as agricultural crops, forests, and orchards, and have been rec- ognized as important predators of several lepidopterous and coleopterous pests (Clausen 1940; LeRoux 1960; Waddill and Shepard 1975; Lopez et al. 1976; McPherson 1982; Gusev et al. 1983). Podisus maculiventris (Say) occurs throughout North America (Torre-Bueno 1939); its biology and predation strategies have been well documented (Couturier 1938; Moms 1963; Mukerji and LeRoux 1965, 1969; Warren and Wallis 197 1; Waddill and Shepard 1975; Evans 1982a, 1982b; Drummond et al. 1984; O'Neil1988; Wiedenmann and O'Neil 1990). Only a few studies, however, have reported on Podisus sagitta (Fab.). According to Kirkaldy (1909), it is distributed from the southern United States into South America. Its laboratory rearing and life history were described by De Clercq et al. (1988) and De Clercq and Degheele (1990a, 1990b). The development of forecasting systems for the use of predators in integrated pest management programmes largely depends on the understanding of the relationship between temperature and development of the species of interest. Several studies have addressed the effects of temperature on the development of P. maculiventris (Couturier 1938; Mukerji and LeRoux 1965; Warren and Wallis 1971; Richman and Whitcomb 1978; Vlasova et al. 1980; Drummond et al. 1984). To our knowledge, however, no attempt has been made to determine developmental thresholds and degree-day accumulations for this species. Detailed developmental studies do not exist for P. sagitta. Therefore, our study was under- taken to compare the effects of temperature on developmental rates and survival of the immature stages of P. maculiventris and P. sagitta. Materials and Methods A laboratory colony of P. maculiventris was started with eggs obtained in 1989 from S.J. Yu (University of Florida, Gainesville, FL). A colony of P. sagitta was started in 1982, using insects from Surinam. Colonies of both species were maintained at 23 + 1°C, 75 + 5% RH, and a 16L:8D photoperiod and were cultured following the methods of De Clercq et al. (1988). Development and survival of P. maculiventris and P. sagitta were studied in growth chambers at six constant temperatures: 19, 23, 27, 30, 33, and 35 + 1°C. The photoperiod for all experiments was 16L:8D and relative humidity was maintained at 75 + 5%. Eggs were collected from colonies reared at the temperature at which subsequent development was studied, except for the 33 and 35°C experiments. At these latter two temperatures, oviposition of both species was strongly reduced (Couturier 1938; De Clercq and Degheele 1990b). For the experiments conducted at 33 and 35"C, eggs were collected from cultures reared at 23°C. Individual egg batches, less than 12 !I old, were incubated in disk-vented Petri dishes (9 by 1.5 cm). Development of the eggs was monitored twice daily; hatch was recorded at each temperature. Upon emergence, nymphs were provided with a moistened paper plug fitted into a small dish to serve as a source of free water. From the second instar on, nymphs were placed in individual Petri dishes (9 by 1.5 cm) lined with absorbent paper. Nymphs were fed with an excess of larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mel- lonella (L.), and were supplied with a moisture source. Development and survival of the nymphal stages were observed twice daily. The sex of the adults was determined. When eggs failed to hatch at the studied temperature, development and survival of nymphs that had emerged at 23°C were monitored. Duration of development at each temperature was compared between P. maculiventris and P. sagitta, using Student's t-test to detect signif- icant differences (P = 0.05). Reciprocals of the observed developmental durations, in days, provided developmental rates for each stage at each temperature. Rate data from those temperatures that appeared linearly related to developmental rate were regressed against temperature by linear regression analysis. Lower developmental threshold tem- peratures were estimated by the X-intercept method of Arnold (1959). Upper developmental Volume 124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 127 thresholds, i.e. the temperature above which the developmental rate decreases, were esti- mated directly from the data. The mean number of degree-days (DD) required for devel- opment of each life stage was calculated using the equation DD = D(T- t) where D is the developmental duration (days), T is the temperature ("C) during development, and t is the lower developmental threshold ("C) (Price 1984). Thermal requirements of P. maculiventris and P. sagitta were compared using t-tests (P = 0.05). Results and Discussion Development. Both P. maculiventris and P. sagitta completed development at tempera- tures between 19 and 30°C (Table 1). Developmental times of all P. maculiventris stages decreased with increasing tem- perature up to 30°C. Eggs failed to hatch at 33 and 35"C, although eye-spots could be observed after 2-3 days, indicating some development had occurred. At 33"C, nymphs that had emerged at 23°C took significantly longer to complete development than at 30°C and mortality was 95% (see below and Table 4). None of the first-instar nymphs that were incubated at 35°C survived the next moult. These findings are consistent with those reported by Couturier (1938) and Vlasova et al. (1980). Developmental rate of P. sagitta increased with temperature to 33°C. A constant temperature of 35°C was fatal to eggs and slowed development of nymphs that had emerged at 23°C. Time required for development from egg to adult stage of P. maculiventris and P. sagitta ranged from 48.9 days (1 9°C) to 18.9 days (30"C), and from 5 1.9 days (1 9°C) to 16.9 days (33"C), respectively (Table 1).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biological Control of Insect Pests in the Tropics - M
    TROPICAL BIOLOGY AND CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT – Vol. III - Biological Control of Insect Pests In The Tropics - M. V. Sampaio, V. H. P. Bueno, L. C. P. Silveira and A. M. Auad BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS IN THE TROPICS M. V. Sampaio Instituto de Ciências Agrária, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Brazil V. H. P. Bueno and L. C. P. Silveira Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Brazil A. M. Auad Embrapa Gado de Leite, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazil Keywords: Augmentative biological control, bacteria, classical biological control, conservation of natural enemies, fungi, insect, mite, natural enemy, nematode, predator, parasitoid, pathogen, virus. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Natural enemies of insects and mites 2.1. Entomophagous 2.1.1. Predators 2.1.2. Parasitoids 2.2. Entomopathogens 2.2.1. Fungi 2.2.2. Bacteria 2.2.3. Viruses 2.2.4. Nematodes 3. Categories of biological control 3.1. Natural Biological Control 3.2. Applied Biological Control 3.2.1. Classical Biological Control 3.2.2. Augmentative Biological Control 3.2.3. Conservation of Natural Enemies 4. Conclusions Glossary UNESCO – EOLSS Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary SAMPLE CHAPTERS Biological control is a pest control method with low environmental impact and small contamination risk for humans, domestic animals and the environment. Several success cases of biological control can be found in the tropics around the world. The classical biological control has been applied with greater emphasis in Australia and Latin America, with many success cases of exotic natural enemies’ introduction for the control of exotic pests. Augmentative biocontrol is used in extensive areas in Latin America, especially in the cultures of sugar cane, coffee, and soybeans.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Extraction by the Males of Podisus Nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Cotton Leafworm Larvae
    1027 Vol.53, n. 5: pp.1027-1035, September-October 2010 BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Food Extraction by the Males of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) from Cotton Leafworm Larvae Alexandre Igor de Azevedo Pereira 1, Francisco de Sousa Ramalho 1*, Karjoene Cassimiro Vilar Rodrigues 1, José Bruno Malaquias 1, Jefferson Virgínio da Silva Souza 1 and José Cola 2 Zanuncio 1Embrapa Algodão; Unidade de Controle Biológico; C.P. 174; 58107-720; Campina Grande - PB – Brasil. 2Universidade Federal de Viçosa; Departamento de Biologia Animal; Viçosa - MG - Brasil ABSTRACT In this work, the effect of different densities (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9) of 3rd instar Alabama argillacea (Huebner) larvae on food consumption by Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) males was evaluated . The densities established were converted to weight of prey offered: 13.4 mg (one larva), 33.3 mg (three larvae), 54.3 mg (five larvae), 81.8 mg (seven larvae), and 110.34 mg (nine larvae). The quantity of food consumed by P. nigrispinus increased with the prey density. The density of preys did not affect the time spent by the predator to ingest the food. The quantity of food extracted per minute was always higher in smaller densities and lower in higher densities. Males mean body weight did not differ statistically between the treatments tested, and weight gain was smaller in the first two densities tested. Relative consumption rates increased with the quantity of larvae offered. P. nigrispinus males might change its predatory behavior as a function of the quantity of prey available.
    [Show full text]
  • A Key and Annotated List of the Scutelleroidea of Michigan (Hemiptera)
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 3 Number 2 -- Summer 1970 Number 2 -- Summer Article 1 1970 July 2017 A Key and Annotated List of the Scutelleroidea of Michigan (Hemiptera) J.E. McPherson Southern Illinois University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation McPherson, J.E. 2017. "A Key and Annotated List of the Scutelleroidea of Michigan (Hemiptera)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 3 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol3/iss2/1 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. McPherson: A Key and Annotated List of the Scutelleroidea of Michigan (Hemip 34 THE MICHIGAN ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 3, No. 2 A KEY AND ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SCUTELLEROIDEA OF MICHIGAN (HEMIPTERA) Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois 6290 1 Although Hussey (1922) compiled a list of the Hemiptera of Berrien County, and Stoner (1922) contributed a fist of the Scutelleroidea of the Douglas Lake region, no publications have dealt with Michigan Scutelleroidea on a state-wide basis. However, collections in the Entomology Museum of Michigan State University (MSU), East Lansing, and in the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan (UMMZ), Ann Arbor, indicate that collecting has been extensive throughout the state (Fig. 1). The key and annotated list are based on material I identified in these two collections.
    [Show full text]
  • Spined Soldier Bug
    Beneficial Species Profile Photo credit: Russ Ottens, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org; Gerald J. Lenhard, Louisiana State University, Bugwood.org Common Name: Spined soldier bug Scientific Name: Podisus maculiventris Order and Family: Hemiptera; Pentatomidae Size and Appearance: Length (mm) Appearance Egg 1 mm Around the operculum (lid/covering) on the egg there are long projections; eggs laid in numbers of 17 -70 in oval masses; cream to black in color. Larva/Nymph 1.3 – 10 mm 1st and 2nd instars: black head and thorax; reddish abdomen; black dorsal and lateral plates. Younger instars are gregarious; cannibalistic. 3rd instar: black head and thorax; reddish abdomen with black, orange, and white bar-shaped and lateral markings 4th instar: similar to 3rd instar; wing pads noticeable 5th instar: prominent wing pads; mottled brown head and thorax; white or tan and black markings on abdomen. Adult 11 mm Spine on each shoulder; mottled brown body color; females larger than males; 2 blackish dots at the 3rd apical (tip) of each hind femur; 1-3 generations a year. Pupa (if applicable) Type of feeder (Chewing, sucking, etc.): Nymph and adult: Piercing-sucking Host/s: Spined soldier bugs are predators and feed on many species of insects including the larval stage of beetles and moths. These insects are found on many different crops including alfalfa, soybeans, and fruit. Some important pest insect larvae prey include Mexican bean beetle larvae, European corn borer, imported cabbageworm, fall armyworm, corn earworm, and Colorado potato beetle larvae. If there is not enough prey, the spined soldier bug may feed on plant juices, but this does not damage the plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Predation by Podisus Maculiventris on Different Life Stages of Nezara Viridula
    De Clercq et al.: Predation by Podisus on Nezara 197 PREDATION BY PODISUS MACULIVENTRIS ON DIFFERENT LIFE STAGES OF NEZARA VIRIDULA PATRICK DE CLERCQ1, KRIS WYCKHUYS1, HARLEY N. DE OLIVEIRA2 AND JOHANNETTE KLAPWIJK3 1Department of Crop Protection, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium 2Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil 3Koppert BV, P.O.Box 155, NL-2650 AD Berkel en Rodenrijs, The Netherlands ABSTRACT Predation capacity of fourth instars and male and female adults of Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) on the different life stages of the southern green stinkbug Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was measured in the laboratory. Both nymphal and adult predators displayed high predation rates on eggs, nymphs and adults of the southern green stinkbug. However, developmental times of fourth instar P. maculiven- tris on eggs or nymphal instars of N. viridula were longer than on fifth instars of the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), suggesting that N. viridula is suboptimal prey for the spined soldier bug. Preference experiments in which fourth instar P. maculiventris were given a choice between fourth instars of N. viridula and fifth instars of S. littoralis indicated that the stinkbugs were less vulnerable to predation than the caterpillars, mainly because of their greater agility. The potential role of P. macu- liventris in augmentation or conservation biological control of the southern green stinkbug in greenhouse and field crops is discussed. Key Words: Nezara viridula, Podisus maculiventris, Asopinae, predator, biological control RESUMEN La capacidad de depredación de cuartos instares y macho y hembra adultos de Podisus ma- culiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) sobre los diferentes estados del chinche verde hediondo sureño Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) fue medida en el labora- torio.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bizarre Male of Spalangia Dozieri (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): Adaptations for Male Phoresy Or the Result of Sexual Selection?
    112 The bizarre male of Spalangia dozieri (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae): adaptations for male phoresy or the result of sexual selection? Gary A.P. Gibson1 Biodiversity and Integrated Pest Management, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 Carolina Reigada Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n°, 18618–000, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil Abstract—Spalangia dozieri Burks is newly recorded as a gregarious parasitoid in the puparia of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), C. putoria (Wiedemann), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann), and L. sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and represents the first report of gregarious- ness in Spalangia Latreille. The previously unknown males of S. dozieri are described and com- pared with females. Males have highly modified legs and several other sexually dimorphic features that differ from those of other Spalangia species. Most of the unusual features are hy- pothesized to be adaptations for grasping and holding and it is suggested that males either are phoretic on adults of their dipteran hosts or, possibly, that males exhibit aggressive or other atyp- ical behaviour toward siblings that is correlated with being gregarious. Barbados, Brazil, Domi- nica, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, and Trinidad are recorded as new country distribution records for S. dozieri. Résumé—Spalangia dozieri Burks est signalé pour la première fois comme parasitoïde grégaire des pupariums de Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), C. putoria (Wiedemann), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann) et L. sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae); c’est la première mention de gré- garisme chez Spalangia Latreille. Nous décrivons les mâles, jusqu’à maintenant inconnus, de S.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
    Avens Publishing Group Inviting Innovations Open Access Research Article J Plant Biol Soil Health October 2013 Vol.: 1, Issue: 2 © All rights are reserved by Yong-Lak et al. Journal of Feeding Potential and Prey Plant Biology & Soil Health Acceptance of Podisus Sudan Gyawaly and Yong-Lak Park* Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA maculiventris (Hemiptera: Address for Correspondence Dr. Yong-Lak Park, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, Tel: 304-293-2882; E-mail: yong-lak. Pentatomidae): Implications for [email protected] Submission: 05 September 2013 Accepted: 11 October 2013 Biological Pest Control Published: 18 October 2013 Keywords: Heterotrimic G protein; Plant growth and development; they generally have different degrees of acceptance to various types of RACK1; Scaffolding protein; WD-repeat prey [13]. Prey characteristics, such as host breadth, prey chemistry, Abstract and prey behavior and morphology, can play important roles in Determination of feeding potential and prey acceptance of the acceptance of prey [14]; for example, predatory hemipterans natural enemies is crucial to assure that natural enemies can control are known to exhibit prey preferences based on differences in prey target pest species. This study was conducted to investigate feeding mobility [12], size [15], and prey species [16]. In addition to prey potential and prey acceptance of a generalist predator, Podisus acceptance, understanding feeding capacity of different stages of maculiventris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). A series of laboratory generalist predators is crucial to aid mass rearing and release in experiments were conducted to quantify feeding potential of P.
    [Show full text]
  • Prof. Dr. Ir. Patrick De Clercq Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Agrozoology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University
    Promoters: Prof. dr. ir. Patrick De Clercq Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Agrozoology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Prof. dr. ir. Luc Tirry Department of Crop Protection, Laboratory of Agrozoology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University Dr. Bruno Gobin, PCS- Ornamental Plant Research Dean: Prof. dr. ir. Marc Van Meirvenne Rector: Prof. dr. Anne De Paepe Effects of temperature regime and food supplementation on the performance of phytoseiid mites as biological control agents by Ir. Dominiek Vangansbeke Thesis submitted in the fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor (PhD) in Applied Biological Sciences Dutch translation: Effecten van temperatuurregime en voedingssupplementen op de prestaties van Phytoseiidae roofmijten als biologische bestrijders Please refer to this work as follows: Vangansbeke, D. (2015) Effects of temperature regime and food supplementation on the performance of phytoseiid mites as biological control agents. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium Front and backcover photographs: Dominiek Vangansbeke ISBN-number: 978-90-5989-847-9 This study was funded by grant number 090931 from the Institute for Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT). The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium and partly at PCS-Ornamental Plant Research, Schaessestraat 18, 9070 Destelbergen, Belgium The author and promoters give permission to use this study for consultation and to copy parts of it for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material should be obtained from the author. Table of content List of abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................i Scope and thesis outline .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Lightweight Males of Podisus Nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) Neglect Lightweight Females Due Low Reproductive Fitness A
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.11515 Original Article Lightweight males of Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) neglect lightweight females due low reproductive fitness A. I. A. Pereiraa*, R. B. Silvab, W. S. Tavaresc, J. B. Malaquiasd and J. C. Zanuncioe aInstituto Federal Goiano, Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Fazenda Palmital, CEP 75790-000, Urutaí, GO, Brazil bDepartamento de Entomologia, Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Rodovia MG 424, Km 65, CEP 35701-970, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil cDepartamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, Avenida PH Holfs, Centro, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil dDepartamento de Entomologia e Acarologia Agrícola, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil eDepartamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa – UFV, Campus Universitário, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG, Brazil *e-mail: [email protected] Received: July 30, 2015 – Accepted: January 14, 2016 – Distributed: May 31, 2017 (With 6 figures) Abstract Sexual choice by male stink bugs is important because females that experience food shortages lay fewer eggs with lower viability compared with well-fed females. In this study, we investigated whether Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) males fed with a low-quality diet during its nymphal stage show selectivity for sexual partners resulting in high-quality progeny. Lightweight males and females were obtained from nymphs fed weekly with Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae. By contrast, heavyweight males and females were fed three times a week and received an extra nutritional source: cotton leaves, Gossypium hirsutum L.
    [Show full text]
  • Arboreal Arthropod Predation on Early Instar Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth Redacted for Privacy
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Becky L. Fichter for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomologypresented onApril 23, 1984. Title: Arboreal Arthropod Predation on Early Instar Douglas-fir Tussock Moth Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: William P. StOphen Loss of early instar Douglas-fir tussock moth( Orgyia pseudotsugata McDunnough) (DFTM) has been found to constitute 66-92% of intra-generation mortality and to be a key factor in inter-generation population change. This death has been attributed to dispersal and to arthropod predation, two factors previously judged more important to an endemic than an outbreak population. Polyphagous arthropod predators are abundant in the forest canopy but their predaceous habits are difficult to document or quantify. The purpose of the study was to develop and test a serological assay, ELISA or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, for use as an indirect test of predation. Development of this assay involved production of an antiserum reactive with DFTM but not reactive with material from any coexisting lepidopteran larvae. Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was used to select a minimally cross-reactive fraction of DFTM hemolymph as the antigen source so that a positive response from a field-collected predator would correlate unambiguously with predation on DFTM. Feeding trials using Podisus maculiventris Say (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) and representative arboreal spiders established the rate of degredation of DFTM antigens ingested by these predators. An arbitrary threshold for deciding which specimens would be considered positive was established as the 95% confidence interval above the mean of controls. Half of the Podisus retained 0 reactivity for 3 days at a constant 24 C.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology
    Official Lists and Indexes of Names in Zoology Names placed on the Official Lists and Indexes in Opinions and Directions published in Volumes 43 (1986) to 63 (2006) of the Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature This section lists in alphabetic order every family-group, generic and specific name placed on the Official Lists and Indexes; specific names are given in their original binomen. Names on the Official Lists are in bold type and those on the Official Indexes in non-bold type.The Direction or Opinion number under which each name was placed on the Official List or Index is given at the end of that entry. aalensis, Loligo, Schübler in Zieten, 1832, Die Versteinerungen Württembergs, Expeditum des Werkes ‘Unsere Zeit’, part 5, p. 34 (specific name of the type species of Loligosepia Quenstedt, 1839) (Cephalopoda, Coleoidea). Op. 1914 abbreviatus, Carabus, Fabricius, 1779, Reise nach Norwegen mit Bemerkungen aus der Naturhistorie und Oekonomie, p. 263, ruled under the plenary power not to be given priority over Lesteva angusticollis Mannerheim, 1830 whenever they are considered to be synonyms (Coleoptera). Op. 2086 abbreviatus, Carabus, Fabricius, 1779, Reise nach Norwegen mit Bemerkungen aus der Naturhistorie und Oekonomie, p. 263, ruled under the plenary power not to be given priority over Lesteva angusticollis Mannerheim, 1830 whenever they are considered to be synonyms (Coleoptera). Op. 2086 aberrans, Philonthus, Cameron, 1932, The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Staphylinidae, vol. 3, p. 111, ruled under the plenary power to be not invalid by reason of being a junior primary homonym of P. aberrans Sharp, 1876 (Coleoptera).
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Diet on Long-Term Cold Storage of the Predator Podisus
    Biological Control 42 (2007) 186–195 www.elsevier.com/locate/ybcon Influence of diet on long-term cold storage of the predator Podisus maculiventris (Say) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) q T.A. Coudron a,*, M.R. Ellersieck b, K.S. Shelby a a Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-Agriculture Research Service, 1503 S. Providence Road, Columbia, MO 65203-3535, USA b Agricultural Experiment Station Statisticians, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA Received 26 December 2006; accepted 23 April 2007 Available online 29 April 2007 Abstract Long-term storage could aid in the cost-effective mass production of beneficial insects. Pre-conditioning, insect developmental stage and environmental conditions should be considered when selecting storage conditions in order to obtain the highest performance after storage. We evaluated the influence of nutrient quality on the response of eggs, nymphs and adults of Podisus maculiventris when exposed to two temperatures most likely to be used for long-term storage. Natural prey-fed insects were compared to artificial diet-fed insects. The results of our study showed that eggs survived storage at 10 °C better than 4 °C, and that eggs from diet-fed insects survived storage at 10 °C significantly better than eggs from prey-fed insects. Nymphal survival of cold storage treatment was slightly higher than for eggs, with a similar pattern of response to temperature, nutrient quality and time of storage. However, of the three developmental stages tested, the best survival was obtained with adults. Similar to eggs and nymphs, adults survival was higher at 10 °C. However, different from eggs and nymphs was that the prey-fed adults survived better than diet-fed adults.
    [Show full text]