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Sovyetler'e Karşi Büyük Komplo

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Sovyetler'e Karşi Büyük Komplo SOVYETLER’E KARŞI KWWWÂ> 1917 - 1947 Michael Sayers - Albert E. Kahn BİB Kl T AP >AMN Rusya’ya Karşı Büyük Komplodaki olay ve diyalogların hiçbiri yazarlar tarafından imal edilmiş değildir. Materyal, Bibliyografik Notlar'da sıralanan ya da metinde belirtilen çeşitli belgesel kaynaklardan alınmıştır. SOVYETLER'E KARŞI BÜYÜK KOMPLO 1917-1947 MICHAEL SAYERS - ALBERT E.KAHN Çeviren: İsmail Aydın nren_TFT KİTAP— y av in YURT KİTAP- YAYIN: 17 Orijinal adı "The Great Conspiracy" olan Büyük Komplo; 1975 tarihinde Ingiltere'de RED STAR PRESS yaymevince yapılan 2. baskısından dilimize İsmail Aydın tarafından çevrilmiştir. Birinci Baskı: Ocak 1990 tarihinde İstanbul'da Metinler Matbaası'nda basılmıştır. YURT KİTAP - YAYIN Necatibey Cad. 25/9 Sıhhiye ANKARA Tel.: 231 40 35 BÜYÜK KOMPLO YENİ BASKIYA ÖNSÖZ İngilizce konuşulan dünyanın tarihinde belki de hiçbir zaman, Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin ve Troçki'nin rollerine ilişkin gerçeğe karşı propaganda amacıyla açık ya da gizli olarak, bugünkü kadar çok sayıda ve pahalıya malolmuş kitap, broşür, film, televizyon ve radyo materyali piyasaya sürülmemiştir. Bu materyallerin, bütün toplumsal kesimlerin düşüncelerinin nesnelliğini yıkıcı bir şekilde etkiledih Kapitalist düzenin, oportünist kişisel çıkarlarından başka bir şey düşünmeyen kurnaz ve ilkesiz dalkavukları, J.V. S talin'i tahrif ederek ve Troçki’yi anlamsızca yücelterek bol bol kâr sağlama fırsatı bulurlar. Ne yazık ki, bu oportünist yazar müsvettelerinin beklentileri, çok iyi temellendirilerek, çoğu kez masum olan okur ve izleyicileri, Stalinin 'milyonların' gaddar katili veTroçld'nin de Rus D evrimi'nin kurtarıcısı diye tanımlanmasını sorgusuz sualsiz kabul etmek gibi yaygın bir eğilime kapılmaları sonucunu vermiştir. İnsan bu 'tarihçi'lerden Troçki'nin 1924 Sovyet Parti Kongresinde Stalin’in önderliğine karşı çıktığında tek bir oy bile alamadığını asla öğrenemeyecektir J İnsan bu kaynaklardan Troçki’nin sonradan Henry Ford ve Hitler tarafından finanse edildiğini de öğrenemeyecektir. Troçki'nin erdemleri­ ni göklere çıkaran sözde 'Lenin'in Vasiyeti', Troçki’nin 1923'de bu­ nun sahte bir belge olduğunu kabul etmesine rağmen zamane Troçkistleri tarafından hâlâ dağıtılmaktadır.2 İnsanın, Stalin'in önderliğindeki SBKP Merkez Komitesinin 1. Sayfa 192 2. Sayfa 194 güçlü bir Sovyet Devleti kurmadaki ve Batılı Müttefiklerinden nispe­ ten az bir yardım alarak Hiller Faşizminin bozguna uğratılarak ezilme­ sindeki parlak başarılarına ilişkin gerçekleri bulabilmesi için başka yerlere, bunun gibi kitaplara bakması gerekecektir. Bu yalan dolu karalamalar, bazıları tarafından yalnızca 'eğlendirici' kurgusal düşünceler gibi görülebilseydi, bugün bütün bunların pek de önemi olmayacaktı. Fakat gerçek bu değildi ve genellikle tipik ve olağanüstü derecede iyi finanse edilmiş gizli sızma taktiklerine dayalı Troçkist ve S t alin aleyhtarı propagandanın incelikleri, işçi sınıfının hatırı sayılır kesimleri içerisinde kaynağa ilişkin düşünceleri engelle­ mektedir. Emperyalistlerin toprak, kâr ve hegemonyacı diktatörlükleri için daha da yıkıcı bir dünya savaşına doğru tehlikeli gidişlerini büyük ölçüde kolaylaştıran faaliyetleri ve faşist ve neofaşist örgütlerin hortla­ ması da bu niteliktedir. Ulusal kurtuluş hareketlerinin kendi kaderini tayin hakkı için, emperyalizme karşı savaştığı bir dünya koşullarında, ulııslararası mali ve çokuluslu sanayi kapitalizminin mücadelesinin bu kritik döneminde bir düzeltici olarak BÜYÜK KOMPLO'nun yeniden basımı ve müm­ kün olan en yaygın biçimde dağıtımı yerinde ve acildir. Bu kitap, doğ­ ruluğunu ve sağlıklı nesneliğini vurgulayışı ve onaylayışı, gerçeklere dayalı kaynakları kapsamlı bir biçimde kanıtlayışıyla "Gerçeğin Kürsüsü"dür. O, gelecek kuşakların gözlerinin boyanması tehlikesine karşı bir hatırlatıcıdır. Yeniden basımı, eşi benzeri görülmedik bir ya­ lan ve gerçeğin tahrifatı döneminde, bir yaratıcı gerçekçilik eylemidir. Thomas Murray Edinburgh 13/11/1975 TÜRKÇE BASKIYA ÖNSÖZ 1917 Ekim Devrimi, dünya proletaryası ve ezilen halkları için yeni bir umut, proleter devrimleri çağının başlangıcıydı. Tüm önceki toplumsal devrimlerden farklı olarak, çok kısa ömürlü Paris Komününü ayıracak olursak ilk kez, proletarya ve emekçi sınıflar, sömürü, baskı ve eşitsizliğin. her türlüsünü nihai olarak ortadan kaldırmanın yolunu açarak kaderlerinin efendisi olmuşlardı. Sadece Rusya'nın devrilen sömürücü sınıfları değil tüm uluslara­ rası gericilik, yangının yayılmasını önlemek için proleter devrimine karşı şiddetli ve yoğun bir saldırıya geçti. Emperyalistler, Sovyet ikti­ darım yıkmak için her yola başvurdular. Sadece askeri saldırılarla, iç ayaklanmaları destekleyerek değil akla gelebilecek her türlü hile ve saldırganlıkla bunu gerçekleştirmeye çalıştılar. Sovyet proletaryası ve emekçi halkları devrimi ve kazanımlarını korumakta en az onlar kadar kararlıydı. Kolçak, Denikin, Wrangel gibi tüm lojistiği emperyalis­ tlerce sağlanan beyaz ordularla savaşıldı. Sosyalist Devrimci Boris Sa- vinkov'un darbe girişimi, yine Sosyalist Devrimci Tanya Kaplan'm Lenin'e suikasti belleklerdedir. Buhlar tek tek olaylar olarak bellekler­ dedir fakat, Sovyet iktidarını yıkmak için girişilmiş sistemli bir saldırı, o dönemde başını İngiliz emperyalizminin çektiği uluslararası gericiliğin bulunduğu komplolar olarak düşünülmez. Emperyalist bur­ juvazi, Sovyet iktidarını yıkmak için bir an bile boş durmamıştır. Devrim sonrası ilk yıllarda asıl olarak, devrilen sömürücü sınıflara dayanılarak yürütülen karşı-devrimci saldırı ve komplolar, sömürücü sınıflar etkisizleştirilip, tasfiye edildikçe daha farklı dayanak­ lar aramaya yönelmiş ve bulmuştur. Sosyalist kuruluş döneminin di­ namik zemininde, az-çok önemli her dalgalanma Parti içerisinde de yansısını bulmuş, devrilen, durumu sarsılan ya da değişimlere ayak uy­ duramayanlar, burjuva, küçük burjuva ideolojisinin inceltilmiş türevleri çeşitli oportünist görüşler olarak anti-Sovyet bir zeminde or­ taya çıkmışlardır. Buharin'in zengin köylülüğün tasfiyesine karşı çıkması gibi. Sosyalist kuruluşun teorik ve pratik sorunlarının çözümü, oportünizme karşı yürütülen ideolojik ve politik mücadele ile birleştirilmiştir. Çeşitli türden revizyonistler, emperyalist burjuvazinin tam desteğini almış olarak, Stalin’i, Stalin dönemindeki sosyalist inşa ve oportünizme karşı yürütülen mücadeleyi saldırı bombardımanına tut­ muşlardır. Burjuva-revizyonist propagandanın üzerinde en çok spekülasyon yürüttüğü konulardan birisi Troçki, Zinovyev, Kamenev, Buharin vb. lerinin karşı-devrimci komplolara girişmesinin imkansız olduğudur. Onlara göre, bu iddiaların en inanılmazı Troçki'nin Alman ajanı olmasıdır. Tüm bunlar Stalin'in rakiplerini tasfiye etmek için uy­ durulmuş şeylerdir. Oysa o günkü koşullar irdelendiğinde ve perde ge­ riye doğru aralanıp bu "ünlü"lerin tarihteki rolleri, süreçte ve kimi dönüm noktalarında takındıkları tutumlar ortaya çıkartıldığında iddia­ ların gerçekliği daha kolay kavranacaktır. Troçki hiçbir zaman BBolşevik olmadı. Her zaman küçük bir hizbin ve hiziplerarası entrik­ aların başıydı, özeleştiri yapıp partiye katıldı, fakat değişmedi. Lenin, onun yüzeydeki parlaklığını, "her parıldayan şey altın değildir" sözleriyle tanımlamış, kaşarlanmış oportünistliğinden dolayı "Judas Troçki" diye nitelemişti. Onun "hain"liği, sosyalizmin iktisadi, sosyal temeli sağlamlaştırıldıkça gelişmiş, iktidarı ele geçirmek için hiçbir sosyal d&yanak bulamadığı, sosyalist inşanın dev adımlarla gerçekleştirildiği '30'lu yıllarda, Alman emperyalistlerinden medet umarak onlara ajanlık yapmaya varmıştır. Bu yıllarda dünya, büyük karışıklıkların, yeni bir emperyalist savaşın öngünündedir. Nazi hay­ dutları beşinci kol tekniğini geliştirmişler, işgal öncesi ülkelerin iç du­ rumunu karıştırmak, işbirlikçiler yaratmak ve iç durumu kendi lehle­ rine olgunlaştırmak gibi yöntemleri geliştirmiş olarak uygulamak­ tadırlar. Sovyetlerde otuzlu yıllarda yoğunlaşan karşı-devrimci komplo­ lar dizisine gerek dıştaki gerekse içteki gelişmelerle birlikte yaklaşmak gereklidir. Komplolardaki bu yoğunlaşma içteki durumla, sosyalist inşada ulaşılan aşama ile yakından ilgilidir. Buharin'in itiraf ettiği gibi, komplolar, Stalin'in başında bulunduğu Sovyetler Birliği'nde sosyalist inşada kazanılan zaferlerle proletarya ve halk kitlelerinden hiçbir destek bulamamışlar, bunun için emperyalist destekli komplo önlerindeki tek yol olarak kalmıştır. Burjuva-revizyonist propaganda, Sovyet devrimi ve sosyalist ku­ ruluşa ilişkin tarihsel gerçeklerin kimilerini belleklerden silme, iç bağlarından arındırma, içlerinden kendileri için en uygun gördüklerini seçip spekülasyon yürütme yolunu tutmuştur. Büyük Komplo, ışıldakları tarihe doğru çevirmekte, özellikle üzerinde kuşku ya­ ratılmaya çalışılan kimi olaylara ilişkin gerçekleri, güncelliği içinde ve tanıklar eşliğinde sunmaktadır. Bir örnek verecek olursak, Stalin düşmanlığı yapan liberallerin seleflerinin, komplocuların açığa çıkartı­ lıp, yargılanarak mahkum edildikleri Moskova Duruşmaları'nı hiç de akıldışı ve kurgusal bulmadıkları görülecektir. Büyük Komplo, devrimin ilk yıllarından itibaren Sovyet ikti­ darına karşı, içten ve dıştan girişilen saldırı ve komploları tarihsel bütünlüğü içerisinde ve kronolojik gelişimine uygun olarak vermekte ve bu özelliğiyle o, karşı-devrimci saldırının mantıksal zincirini, or­ taya koymaktadır. Lenin tarafından geliştirilen, Marks'm kapitalizmden komünizme kadar uzanan geçiş dönemi devleti olarak nitelediği proletarya devleti, devrilen fakat direnci daha artan sömürücü sınıflara, emperyalist kuşatma ve saldırıya karşı ve sosyalist kurutuşu örgütlemek için prole­ taryanın
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