Successful people are not gifted ; they just work hard, then succeed on purpose. A magnificent effort by our VidyalayaVidyalayaVidyalayastudents of class X and XII who excelled in their academics with 0.1 ( Merit) Certificate, a great honourhonourhonourfrom CBSE. ClClassass XXX AswathyAswathyAswathy PramodPramodPramod secured in English.English.English. GGG.G. KavyaKavyaKavyaand P. AarthiAarthiAarthiin Science.Science.Science. SSS.S. M. Kavyadharshini in Social Science ( Centum holderholder)))) ClClassass XIIClass XII P.P. AbiramiAbiramiAbiramisecured in Computer Science The students were felicitated for their commendable performance. Clearance of C. A Foundation Course All our dreams can come true, if we have the courage to pursue them.

The following students’ little progress in each day has brought big results. Their persistent efforts yearned great achievements. P. AbiramiAbiramiAbirami,Abirami, Hardik.S.PandyaHardik.S.Pandya,, S. AbhinandhAbhinandhAbhinandh,Abhinandh, V. AshwiniAshwiniAshwini,Ashwini, P. LoheettaLoheettaLoheetta,Loheetta, and M. Srihari cleared their C.A Foundation Course on 8on 8ththtthh FebrFebruary,uary, 2021. NamaNamastheNamasthesthe ,,, "India,"Ind"Indiaia"India, is the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the greatgreat----grandgrand mother of K.Kavitha-XIIC tradition. Our most valuable and most instructive Editor materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only!"only!"only!" IndiaIndia celebrates its 757575th75th Independence Day on 151515th15th August 202120212021.2021. Its journey over thethethe lastlastlast 747474 yearsyearsyears hashashas beenbeenbeen markedmarkedmarked bybybysignificantsignificantsignificant milestonesmilestonesmilestones andandand reformsreformsreforms thatthatthat enabledenabledenabled it to achieve the substantial progress in many years, including rise in income levels, growth, literacy rate, life expectancy and a wide variety of other economic indicators. As India commemorates 74 glorious years as an independent nation, let's look back at some of the significant achievements of our country over the years through our VidyalayaVidyalayaVidyalaya’Vidyalaya’’’ssss magazine, VivekaVivekaVivekaVarshaVarshaVarsha. Varsha.

This petal is quite a dedication to our freedom fighters who sacrificed their lives and made our country independent. In accordance with this, we have chosen the themetheme----ReminiscenesReminiscenesReminiscenes of Freedom Struggle. It gives vivid and lucid notions on tremendous development in various fields especially Medicine, Technology, Economy and Industries. It also explores the life sketch of patriots, unforgettable incidents and salient features of Indian Armed Forces. Our tiny tots dressed themselves as National Heroes to manifest the struggle and sacrifice of our freedom fighters which adorns the cover page of this magazine.

“““I“I think of a hero as someone who understands the degree of responsibility that comes with his freedomfreedom””””

HAPPYHAPPY INDEINDEPENDENCEPENDENCE DAYDAYDAY

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 1 72ndRepublic Day 7272ndndnndd RepublicRepublic Day was celebrated with huge respect and reverence on 26 thththJanuaryJanuaryJanuary, January, 202120212021.2021. SriSriSri.Sri. N.R. NarendranathNarendranath,, Hony.CorrespondentHony.Correspondent,, and Sri. S. JegathalaprathabanJegathalaprathaban,, Sports Co, Co-Co---ordinatorordinatorordinatorordinator,, VES graced the occasion. Smt. K. MarudhambalMarudhambal,, Head of Social Science Department, unfurled the National Flag which portrays our national pride and delivered the significance of ParamveerParamveerParamveerVandhanaVandhanaVandhana. Vandhana. Cultural programmesprogrammesprogrammeswere performed by the teachers. To cherish the valourvalourvalourand sacrifice of our Indian Soldiers, ParamveerParamveerParamveer VandhanaVandhanaVandhanawas organized by performing floral offering to the portraits of our soldiers.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 2 72ndRepublic Day

AlumniAlumniAlumni MeetingMeetingMeeting waswaswas conductedconductedconducted. conducted...101010 AlumniAlumniAlumniattendedattendedattended andandand sharedsharedshared theirtheirtheir viewsviewsviews andandand serviceserviceserviceactivitiesactivitiesactivities donedonedone bybyby themthemthem. them...BloodBloodBlood donationdonationdonationcampcampcamp waswaswas organizedorganizedorganized bybyby “““The “TheTheThe MadrasMadrasMadrasBloodBloodBlood BureauBureauBureau” Bureau”””....Teachers,Teachers,Teachers, Alumni,Alumni,Alumni, parentsparentsparentsandandand publicpublicpublic donateddonateddonated bloodbloodblood. blood...TotallyTotallyTotally 494949 peoplepeoplepeopledonateddonateddonated bloodbloodblood. blood...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 3 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 4 Vivekananda Jayanthi Inter School Competition 2021 “ Purity, Patience and Perseverance are the three essentials to success.” InterInter SchoolSchoolSchool CompetitionsCompetitionsCompetitions werewerewere conductedconductedconducted tototo commemoratecommemoratecommemoratethethethe birthbirthbirth anniversaryanniversaryanniversary ofofof SwamijiSwamijiSwamiji. Swamiji...110110110 studentsstudentsstudentsfromfromfrom 101010 schoolsschoolsschools enthusiastically participatedparticipatedparticipated inininthethethe virtualvirtualvirtual competitionscompetitionscompetitions. competitions...TheTheThe winnerswinnerswinners ofofof thethethe competitionscompetitionscompetitionswerewerewere honouredhonouredhonoured bybyby ourourour Principal,Principal,Principal, SmtSmtSmt. Smt... UsharaniUsharaniUsharaniononon 444 thththth FebrFebruary,uary,February, 202120212021. 2021...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 5 ளக் ைஜ

எல்லா இடங்களிம் இக்ம் இைறவைன நாக்ம் இடத்ல் எந்தளச் ெசய்வேத ளக் வபா. ேஹாமங்கைள நடத்வதால் ைடக்ம் பலங்கைள தம் ளக் வபா எம் பள்ளி மாணவர்களின் நலங்க, அவர்களின் அச்டர் ரகாக்க (29 – 01 – 2021) அன் மாைல பள்ளி வளாகத்ல் எம் பள்ளின் தல் தாளாளரின் ைணயார் ம. ஷ்பா ேகசவன் அவர்களின் வகாட்தன்ப றப்பாக நைடெபற்ற. இல் பத் மற்ம் பனிெரண்டாம் வப் பம் மாணகம் அவர்கள தாய்மார்கம் கலந்க் ெகாண் இைறயைளப் ெபற்றனர்.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 6 Daksha Bharati Basic Skill Trainers’ Training programme. Skill is the unified force of experience, intellect and passion in their operation. TheThe programmeprogrammeprogrammewas inaugurated on 242424ththth April, 202120212021.2021. Totally 57 teachers from 10 various schools participated and received certificates for their active participation. Tailoring classes were also initiated for the benefit of AmbatturAmbatturAmbatturGovt. School students. Under the shade of Daksha Bharati Skill Development Courses like Basic Electricals, Plumbing, and Web Designing were taught and the text books related to the courses were released on the special function which was held on 131313ththth February, 2021 in our school premisespremises.. Sri. Sri. U. SundarjiSundarjiSundarji,Sundarji, was the chief guest. SriSriSri.Sri. L. RamamoorthyRamamoorthyRamamoorthy,Ramamoorthy, Joint Secretary, VES, Sri. MeenakshiMeenakshiMeenakshi SundaramSundaramSundaram,Sundaram, VET, SriSriSri. Sri. N. NavaneethaNavaneethaNavaneethaKrishnan, CoKrishnan, Co-Co---ordinatorordinatorordinatorordinator,, Daksha Bharati, Hon. Correspondent & Addl. Correspondent graced the occasion.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 7 Sangeetha Mela “ Music is the best medicine to our heart and soul”

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 8 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 9 SmSmt.S.MuthuLakshmit.S.MuthuLakshmi and Smt.M.Menaga attended Cubs and Bulbuls Training Programme

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 10 மஹாஷ்ன் அவதாரங்களிேலேய ஒ மனிதக் உண்டான அத்தைன ணங்கடம் , ஒ மனிதனானவன் எப்ப வாழ ேவண்ம் என்பதற் உதாரண ஷனாகம் அைமந்த அவதாரமாகப் ேபாற்றப்பவ இராமாவதாரம் . ெதய்கத் தன்ைமக் ெகாண்ட இராமரானின் றந்த நாளான இராமநவ (21- 4 – 2021) அன் எம் பள்ளி ஆரியர்கம் மாணவச் ெசல்வங்கம் மேவடத்ல் இராமர், ைத மற்ம் லட்மணன், அமன் உவங்கள் ைவத் ராம பஜைனபாடல்கள் பானர். இல் எம் கல்க்கழகத்ன் உயர் அகாரிகம் கலந்க் ெகாண் றப்ச் ெசய்தனர்.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 11 INTEINTERNATIONALRNATIONAL YOGA DAY Yoga is a light which once lit, will never dim, the better you practice, the brighter you dazzle. OnOn 212121stststst June,June, 2021 International Yoga Day was observed. The response from the staff, students, parents and alumni was highly encouraging. Around 3000 people actively performed Yoga and shared their videos which marked the eminence of holistic wellness system.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 12 AKSHRABHYASAMAKSHRABHYASAM “The capacity to learn is a Gift ; The ability to learn is a Skill; The willingness to learn is a Choice”. OnOnOOn n2323 23rdrdrdrd JuneJune,,June, 202120212021, 2021,,,Aksharabhayasam waswaswas conductedconductedconductedvirtuallyvirtuallyvirtually forforfor LKGLKGLKG childrenchildrenchildren. children...SwamiSwamiSwami Shashishikhananda MaharajMaharajMaharaj offeredofferedoffered benedictionbenedictionbenediction tototoourourour tinytinytiny totstotstots. tots...ToToTo makemakemake thethethe studentsstudentsstudents readyreadyready forforfor formalformalformaleducation,education,education, thethethe traditionaltraditionaltraditional waywayway ofofof beginningbeginningbeginningeducationeducationeducation withwithwith thethethe blessingsblessingsblessings ofofof GoddessGoddessGoddessSaraswathiSaraswathiSaraswathi, Saraswathi,,,thethethe childrenchildrenchildren werewerewere mademademade tototo writewritewriteOMOMOM ononon thethethe paddypaddypaddy filledfilledfilled platesplatesplates. plates...TheTheThe kidskidskids werewerewereelatedelatedelated andandand showcasedshowcasedshowcased theirtheirtheir inquisitivenessinquisitiveness. ...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 13 “Education is the passport to the future, for tomorrow belongs to those who prepare for it today.” Vidya PraveshPraveshPravesh isisis ananan awakeningawakeningawakening programmeprogrammeprogramme forforfor thethethe studentsstudentsstudentsofofof classclassclass VIVIVI. VI...ItItIt waswaswas celebratedcelebratedcelebrated virtuallyvirtuallyvirtually ononon 242424 thththth JuneJune,, 202120212021. 2021...ItItIt pavespavespaves aaa platformplatformplatform tototo embedembedembed concentration, compassion,compassion,compassion,commitment,commitment,commitment, respectrespectrespect andandand reverencereverencereverence. reverence...VariousVariousVarious culturalculturalculturalprogrammesprogrammesprogrammes displayeddisplayeddisplayed bybyby thethethe studentsstudentsstudents providedprovidedprovided aaa feastfeastfeasttototo allallall thethethe beholdersbeholdersbeholders. beholders...SwamiSwamiSwami SureshanandaSureshanandaSureshananda MaharajMaharajMaharaj, Maharaj,,, thethethechiefchiefchief guest,guest,guest, gavegavegave benedictionbenedictionbenediction andandand expressedexpressedexpressed hishishis viewsviewsviews onononeducationeducationeducation tototo leadleadlead aaa securedsecuredsecured lifelifelife. life...TheTheThe bestbestbest partpartpart ofofof thethethe programmeprogrammeprogrammewaswaswas thatthatthat thethethe studentsstudentsstudents hadhadhad prostratedprostratedprostrated beforebeforebefore theirtheirtheirparentsparentsparents andandand tooktooktook ananan oathoathoath affirmingaffirmingaffirming selfselfself- self---disciplinedisciplinediscipline. discipline...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 14 HeHealthalth and Hygiene Activity “ He who has health has hope; He who has hope has everything”. OnOnOn 17ththth JulyJulyJuly,July,,,202120212021, 2021,,,HealthHealthHealth andandand hygienehygienehygiene activityactivityactivitywaswaswas conducted forforfor UKGUKGUKG studentsstudentsstudents. students... SmtSmtSmt.Smt...AnuradhaAnuradha, ,,,Education Officer,VESOfficer,VES, ,,, gracedgracedgracedthethethe occasionoccasionoccasion andandand highlighted somesomesome ofofofthethethe activitiesactivitiesactivities performed bybyby thethethe childrenchildrenchildren suchsuchsuchasasas tototo eateateat healthyhealthyhealthy food,food,food, avoidavoidavoid junkjunkjunk foodfoodfood andandanddoingdoingdoing exerciseexerciseexercise. exercise...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 15 Colours day “FunFuunnF days with colourscolourscolours””” Our world is filled with colourscolourscolours.colours. A very important part of learning during Kindergarten years is identification and recognition of colourscolourscolours.colours. In accordance with that, this yearyear’’’’ss ColoursColoursColoursDay was celebrated on 282828thtththh JulyJuly,, 2021 for LKG Students. It was an excellent learning experience for children, which would enhance their visual perception. Smt. SethubaiSethubaiSethubai,Sethubai, Education Officer, VES , graced the occasion. She appreciated all the students for their wonderful performance and made a special mention for teachers and parents.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 16 SmSmt.R.Saradhat.R.Saradha received the BBBestBest Teacher Award from Lions Club

FeelingFeeling elated and bliss, itit’’’’ss a milestone in the history of Dr.NKVVDr.NKVVDr.NKVV,Dr.NKVV, our VidyalayaVidyalayaVidyalaya’Vidyalaya’’’ssssnew venture to social media as “““Drnkvv“DrnkvvDrnkvvDrnkvv KoratturKoratturKorattur” Korattur” youtyoutubeubeyoutube channel with 2002200k20000k views holdingholding around 3500 subscriberssubscriberssubscribers. UpUploadingloading of videos commenced on 1111111 1thth August, 202020202020. EaEachch and every video expresses our studentsstudents’’ inherent talents in various genres and skillsskillsskills.skills. Till date 200 videos have been uploaded . A yearyearyear’year’’’ss successful journey will continue foreverforeverforever…forever………

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 17 ThThee best way to find yourself, is to lose yourself in the service of others. AsAs the quote goes, Our VidyalayaVidyalayaVidyalayajoins hands with Rotary Club of Madras East in mouldingmouldingmouldingthe minds of the young citizens to serve the society. The installation of the club was held on 232323rdrrdrdd JulyJuly,, 2021 which holds Class XI students as Office Bearers. K. MidhunMidhunMidhunRaj, XI C, the President of the club 202120212021-2021---2222 was honouredhonouredhonouredby our Principal. Smt. JeyashriJeyashriJeyashriRaghunathanRaghunathanRaghunathan, Raghunathan, Rotary District Chairman for Youth, the chief guest, insisted the students to utilize the opportunities to the maximum providing that RCME would support their future endeavoursendeavoursendeavours.endeavours. SriSriSri.Sri. SrinivasaSrinivasaSrinivasaRao, President, RCME expressed his warm greetings and hearty wishes to the students. Sri. KarthikKarthikKarthik GanesanGanesanGanesan,Ganesan, Chairman for Dr. NalliNalliNalliInteract Club, RCME assured to coordinate in many aspects for the betterment of the students.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 18 “““Gurus use themselves as bridges over which they invite their students to cross then, having facilitated their crossing joyfully, encouraging them to create bridges of their own.” VirtVirtualual Guru Purnima Celebrations were held level wise from 222222ndndnndd July to 242424thththth JulyJuly,, 202120212021.2021. The students from each level paid tribute to their teachers by performing Guru VandanaVandanaVandana.Vandana. The cultural programmesprogrammesprogrammeslike dance, skit, slokaslokaslokarecitation, rendition of songs on Guru were fantabulous and provided visual treat to the spectators. The primary student exhibited her talent by playing Guru AshtakamAshtakamAshtakamin veenaveenaveena.veena. Live Quiz was conducted which was one of the highlights of that dayday’’’’ss programmeprogrammeprogramme.programme...SmtSmtSmt. Smt. RekhaRekhaRekha MukunthanMukunthanMukunthan,Mukunthan, Vice Principal, Kindergarten, BV, KoratturKoratturKorattur,Korattur, Smt. VijayalakshmiVijayalakshmi,, Principal, BV, KoratturKoratturKorattur,Korattur, Smt. SundariSundariSundari,Sundari, former Principal, Kola SaraswatiSaraswatiSaraswatiVidyalayaVidyalayaVidyalaya, Vidyalaya, Smt. PadminiPadminiPadmini,Padmini, former Principal, GK Shetty, AmbatturAmbatturAmbatturand Smt. P. KalaichelviKalaichelviKalaichelvi,Kalaichelvi, Principal, Little Millennium were the chief guests. All the students were appreciated and blessed by the prominent guests.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 19 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 20 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 21 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 22 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 23 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 24 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 25 SkSkillillSkill DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment coursescoursescourses inculcateinculcateinculcate variousvariousvarious aspectsaspectsaspects forforforthethethe overalloveralloverall progressprogressprogress ofofof ananan individualindividualindividual. individual...WeWeWe feelfeelfeel proudproudproud thatthatthatititit isisis beingbeingbeing undertakenundertakenundertaken ininin ourourour schoolschoolschool sincesincesince 201620162016. 2016...TheTheThe inaugurationinaugurationinaugurationforforfor thisthisthis yearyearyear waswaswas heldheldheld ononon 777 ththth August,August,August,202120212021, 2021,,, forforforthethethe studentsstudentsstudents ofofof StdStdStd IXIXIX. IX...AlongAlongAlong withwithwith thethethe existingexistingexisting coursescoursescourseslikelikelike Plumbing,Plumbing,Plumbing, TwoTwoTwo wheelerwheelerwheeler mechanism,mechanism,mechanism, WebWebWeb DesigningDesigningDesigningandandand Tailoring,Tailoring,Tailoring, ititit seemsseemsseems fortunatefortunatefortunate forforfor ourourour VidyalayaVidyalayaVidyalayastudentsstudentsstudents thatthatthat thisthisthis year,year,year, HarikathaHarikathaHarikatha isisis introducedintroducedintroducedasasas aaa partpartpart ofofof SkillSkillSkill developmentdevelopmentdevelopment. development...LearningLearningLearning HarikathaHarikathaHarikathafromfromfrom thethethe schoolschoolschool ofofof KalaimamaniKalaimamaniKalaimamani SmtSmtSmt. Smt... VishakhaVishakhaVishakhaHari,Hari,Hari, CarnaticCarnaticCarnatic MusicMusicMusic VocalistVocalistVocalist andandand ProponentProponentProponent ofofofHarikathaHarikathaHarikatha, Harikatha,,,isisis aaa truetruetrue blessingblessingblessing. blessing...SriSriSriSri....GGGG....PPPP....NNNN....Gupta,Gupta,Gupta, MD,MD,MD, M/sM/sM/sJumboJumboJumbo BagsBagsBags Ltd,Ltd,Ltd, presidedpresidedpresided overoverover thethethe functionfunctionfunction. function...TheTheThe chiefchiefchiefguestguestguest SmtSmtSmt. Smt...VishakhaVishakhaVishakhaVishakhaHariHariHari ininin herherher addressaddressaddress highlightedhighlightedhighlighted thethetheimportanceimportanceimportance ofofof HarikathaHarikathaHarikatha whichwhichwhich wouldwouldwould flourishflourishflourish oneoneone’ one’’’ssss lifelifelifeonceonceonce masteringmasteringmastering ititit. it...SriSriSri. Sri...UUUU....SundarSundarSundarSundar,,,,StateStateState OrganizingOrganizingOrganizing Secretary,Secretary,Secretary,VidyaVidyaVidya BharatiBharatiBharati, Bharati,,,alsoalsoalso gracedgracedgraced thethethe occasionoccasionoccasion. occasion...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 26 S.Vinod X-D

AlluriAlluri SitaramaSitaramaSitaramaRaju was an Indian revolutionary involved in the Indian independence movement. Alluri SitaramaSitaramaSitaramaRaju was born in a TeluguTelugu----speakingspeaking family. After the passing of the 1882 Madras Forest Act, its restrictions on the free movement of tribal people in the forest prevented them from engaging in their traditional PoduPoduPoduagricultural system, which involved shifting cultivationcultivation.. Alluri led the RampRampaaRampa Rebellion of 192219221922, duduringring which a band of tribal people and other sympathisers fought in the border areas of the East Godavari and Visakhapatnam.

Alluri SitaramaSitaramaSitaramaRaju claimed that he had a variety of special powers. He was greatly impressed by Mahatma Gandhi and was inspired by the NonNon-Non---CooperationCooperation movement led by him. He could make correct astrologicalastrological predictions ,predictions , heal people, and could survive even bullet shots. He also persuaded people to wear KhadhiKhadhiKhadhiand give up drinking. But, he believed that only violence could truly liberate a nation, not nonnon----violence.violence. He was tied to a tree and shot dead in 1924 in KoyyuruKoyyuruKoyyuruVillage.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 27 M. ELAKKIYA X A KeralaKerala Varma PazhassiPazhassiPazhassiRaja, the man who was popularly known as Kerala SimhamSimhamSimhamfor his courage and mastery in battle tactics. The hero was born in the year 1753 in PadinjarePadinjarePadinjareKovilakamKovilakamKovilakam. Kovilakam. He didndidndidn’didn’’’tt take any support from HyderHyderHyderAli and later TippuTippuTippuSultan because they were invaders and levied heavy taxes on the localslocals.... He knew battling HyderHyderHyderface to face would be difficult as he did not have resources for a prolonged battle, so he did what Marathas did to the Mughals.Guerilla warfare was his tool in the treacherous jungles of Kerala. Due to the terrain of WayanadWayanadWayanad,Wayanad, which was hilly, Kerala Varma was successful in harassing his opponent. He became famous for his tactics and it was said that MysoreanMysoreanMysoreanarmy initially could not comprehend what was attacking them in the forest. As like monkeys the men used to kill them and then quickly roll back up the tree. Similar tactics was later used on the British. HyderHyderHyderAli attacked with a larger force of Mysore, ChirrakalChirrakalChirrakaland KadathanadKadathanadKadathanad,Kadathanad, British were under seigeseigeseige against Kerala Varma sent his troops to aid the British and Mysore was aided by its Coorg forces under the leadership of SardarSardarSardarKhan. Exorbitant taxes continued to plague the region and Kerala Varma had a new enemy in TippuTippuTippuSultan.TheSultan.TheSultan.The story would have been different if Mysore had come as an ally to Kerala Varma.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 28 S.Ravindran X-B DaDadabhaidabhaiDadabhai NaorojiNaorojiNaoroji, Naoroji,,,aaa pioneerpioneerpioneer ofofof manymanymany fields,fields,fields, waswaswas popularlypopularlypopularly knownknownknownasasas “““The “TheTheTheGrandGrandGrand OldOldOld ManManMan ofIndiaofIndiaofIndia” ofIndia”””andandandand“““Unofficial “UnofficialUnofficialUnofficialAmbassadorAmbassadorAmbassador ofofofIndia"India"India" waswaswas ananan IndianIndianIndian politpoliticalicalpolitical leader,leader,leader, merchant,merchant,merchant, scholarscholarscholar andandand writerwriterwriter whwhoo waswaswas thethethe LiberalLiberalLiberal PartyPartyParty MemberMemberMember ofofof ParliamentParliamentParliament inininthet hethe UniteUniteddUnited KinKingdomgdomKingdom HouseHouseHouse ofofof CommonsCommonsCommons betweenbetweenbetween 189218921892 andandand 189518951895. 1895...HeHeHe waswaswas alsoalsoalso ananan intellectualintellectualintellectual andandand ananan educatoreducatoreducator. educator... HeHeHebecamebecamebecame thethethe firstfirstfirst AsianAsianAsian tototo bebebe electedelectedelected ininin BritishBritishBritish ParliamentParliamentParliamentininin 189218921892. 1892...Moreover,Moreover,Moreover, hehehe waswaswas thethethe firstfirstfirst IndianIndianIndian tototo becomebecomebecome aaa ProfessorProfessorProfessoratatat thethethe ElphinstoneElphinstoneElphinstone Institute,Institute,Institute, Bombay,Bombay,Bombay, wherewherewhere hehehe taughttaughttaught MathematicsMathematicsMathematicsandandand NaturalNaturalNatural PhilosophyPhilosophyPhilosophy. Philosophy... INTERINTERESTINGESTING &&& EXCLUSIVE FACTSFACTSFACTS ABOUTABOUTABOUT HIMHIMHIM: HIM::: •FromFrom hishishis earlyearlyearly childhood,childhood,childhood, hehehe waswaswas sympatheticsympatheticsympathetic towardstowardstowards thethethe socialsocialsocial conditionconditionconditionofofof thethethe IndiansIndiansIndians. Indians...FFFFororororthethethe bettermentbettermentbetterment ofofof hishishis countrymen,countrymen,countrymen, hehehe foundedfoundedfoundedthethethe DnyanDnyanDnyan PrasarakPrasarakPrasarak MandaliMandaliMandali tototo educateeducateeducate thethethe womenwomenwomen. women... •HeHeHeHewaswaswas thethethe firstfirstfirst IndianIndianIndian whowhowho broughtbroughtbrought tototo noticenoticenotice thatthatthat thethethe relationrelationrelation betweenbetweenbetweenthethethe GovernmentGovernmentGovernment andandand thethethe commoncommoncommon peoplepeoplepeople waswaswas thatthatthat ofofof aaa mastermastermaster andandandslaveslaveslave. slave... •MahatmaMahatmaMahatmaMahatmaGandhi,Gandhi,Gandhi, thethethe ‘‘‘Father ‘FatherFatherFatherofofof thethethe NationNationNation’ Nation’’’,,,,consideredconsideredconsidered himhimhim hishishis guideguideguideandandand mentormentormentor. mentor... •HeHeHewaswaswas calledcalledcalled ‘‘‘The ‘TheTheThePromisePromisePromise ofofof IndiaIndiaIndia’ India’’’ •AnAnAnexampleexampleexample ofofof hishishis modestymodestymodesty waswaswas thatthatthat hehehe refusedrefusedrefused thethethe titletitletitle “““Sir “SirSirSir””””givengivengiven tototo himhimhimbybyby thethethe BritishBritishBritish. British... “““A“A GREAT SALUTE FOR HIS UNWAVERING SERVICE AND ARDENT PATRIOTISMPATRIOTISM”””” Let’LetLet’’’ss take an oath to fulfilfulfilfulfilhis vision and cherish the memory of our history.history.history.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 29 M.K.Jeyshree X-A 1. Th Theepoetpoet poet whowhowho bornbornborn tototo ChinnasamiChinnasamiChinnasami SubramanyaSubramanyaSubramanya IyerIyerIyer andandand Lakshmiammal asasas“““Subbayya “SubbayyaSubbayyaSubbayya””””ononon DecemberDecemberDecember 111111, 11,,,188118811881 atatat EttayapuramEttayapuramEttayapuram ininin TamilnaduTamilnaduTamilnadu ... FromFromFrom aaaveryveryvery youngyoungyoung age,age,age, hehehe waswaswas devoteddevoteddevoted tototo musicmusicmusic ... ------222.2...HeHeHe startedstartedstarted “““Desa “DesaDesaDesaBandhuBandhuBandhu YouthYouthYouth AssociationAssociationAssociation” Association”””bybyby groupinggroupinggrouping thethethe youthsyouthsyouths andandand youngyoungyoungpersonspersonspersons fromfromfrom TamilnaduTamilnaduTamilnadu tototo strugglestrugglestruggle againstagainstagainst thethethe BritishBritishBritish GovernmentGovernmentGovernment tototo getgetgetfreedomfreedomfreedom. freedom...HeHeHe followedfollowedfollowed thethethe proceduresproceduresprocedures andandand methodsmethodsmethods whichwhichwhich waswaswas suggestedsuggestedsuggested bybybyGandhijiGandhijiGandhiji ininin thethethe IndianIndianIndian freedomfreedomfreedom movementmovementmovement. movement... ------333.3...HeHeHe waswaswas aaa prominentprominentprominent lawyer,lawyer,lawyer, andandand aaa tradetradetrade unionunionunion leaderleaderleader. leader...HeHeHe getsgetsgets creditcreditcredit forforfor launchinglaunchinglaunchingthethethe firstfirstfirst indigenousindigenousindigenous IndianIndianIndian shippingshippingshipping serviceserviceservice betweenbetweenbetween TuticorinTuticorinTuticorin andandand ColomboColomboColombo.Colombo...HeHeHe waswaswas ananan IndianIndianIndian NationalNationalNational CongressCongressCongress (INC)(INC)(INC) membermembermember. member... ------444.4...HeHeHe waswaswas aaa PalayakkararPalayakkararPalayakkarar ininin TamilnaduTamilnaduTamilnadu whowhowho foughtfoughtfought againstagainstagainst thethethe BritishBritishBritish EastEastEast IndiaIndiaIndiaCompanyCompanyCompany ininin thethethe 181818 tthththh centcenturyurycentury BBB. B...CCCC.... ------555.5...HeHeHe waswaswas bornbornborn ononon 444 ththtthh OctOctO Octct18841884 1884 ininin VathlagunduVathlagunduVathlagundu towntowntown ofofof DindigulDindigulDindigul districtdistrictdistrict ofofof thenthenthenMadrasMadrasMadras PresidencyPresidencyPresidency. Presidency...BalaBalaBala GanghadharaGanghadharaGanghadhara TilakTilakTilak andandand VVV. V...OOOO....ChidambaramChidambaramChidambaram werewerewerehishishis contemporariescontemporaries. ... ------AnswersAnswersAnswers 111.Subramaniya.SubramaniyaSubramaniyaSubramaniyaBharatiBharatiBharati 222.2...ThiruppurThiruppurThiruppur KumaranKumaranKumaran 333.3...VVVV....OOOO....ChidambaramChidambaramChidambaram PillaiPillaiPillai 444.4...VeerapandiyaVeerapandiyaVeerapandiya Kattabomman 555.5...SubramaniyaSubramaniyaSubramaniya SivaSivaSiva

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 30 Manimegalai. S X – D SubashSubashSubash ChandraChandraChandra BoseBoseBose waswaswas bornbornborn intointointo wealthwealthwealthandandand privilegeprivilegeprivilege ininin aaa largelargelarge BengaliBengaliBengali familyfamilyfamily ininin OrissaOrissaOrissa duringduringduringthethethe highhighhigh noonnoonnoon ofofof thethethe BritishBritishBritish RajRajRaj. Raj...TheTheThe earlyearlyearly recipientrecipientrecipientofofof ananan unusuallyunusuallyunusually AnglocentricAnglocentricAnglocentric education,education,education, hishishis teenageteenageteenageandandand youngyoungyoung adultadultadult yearsyearsyears werewerewere interspersedinterspersedinterspersed withwithwith brilliantbrilliantbrilliantacademicacademicacademic success,success,success, oversizeoversizeoversize religiousreligiousreligious yearning,yearning,yearning, andandandstarkstarkstark rebellionrebellionrebellion againstagainstagainst authorityauthorityauthority. authority...InInIn aaa collegecollegecollege ininin whichwhichwhichhishishis fivefivefive brothersbrothersbrothers hadhadhad precededprecededpreceded him,him,him, hehehe waswaswas expelledexpelledexpelledforforfor participatingparticipatingparticipating ininin ananan assaultassaultassault ononon aaa professorprofessorprofessor. professor... HeHeHecitedcitedcited nationalismnationalismnationalism tototo bebebe aaa higherhigherhigher callingcallingcalling thanthanthan thethethe civilcivilcivilserviceserviceservice. service...ReturningReturningReturning tototo IndiaIndiaIndia ininin 192119211921 tototo joinjoinjoin thethethe nationalistnationalistnationalistmovementmovementmovement ledledled bybyby MahatmaMahatmaMahatma GandhiGandhiGandhi andandand thethethe IndianIndianIndianNationalNationalNational Congress,Congress,Congress, BoseBoseBose atatat firstfirstfirst workedworkedworked withwithwith CCC.C...RRRR....DasDasDasDasininin BengalBengalBengal. Bengal...HeHeHe floweredfloweredflowered underunderunder DasDasDas’ Das’’’ mentorshipmentorshipmentorship.mentorship...BoseBoseBose roseroserose precociouslyprecociouslyprecociously tototo becomebecomebecome CongressCongressCongress PresidentPresidentPresidentininin 193819381938. 1938...InInIn JulyJulyJuly 194019401940, 1940,,,BoseBoseBose waswaswas arrestedarrestedarrested bybyby thethetheBengalBengalBengal GovernmentGovernmentGovernment overoverover aaa smallsmallsmall protest,protest,protest, andandand laterlaterlater keptkeptkepthouseboundhouseboundhousebound underunderunder aaa strictstrictstrict policepolicepolice watchwatchwatch. watch...InInIn midmidmid- mid--- JanuaryJanuaryJanuary194119411941, 1941,,,hehehe escapedescapedescaped fromfromfrom IndiaIndiaIndia ininin dramaticdramaticdramatic cloakcloakcloak-cloak---andandandand----daggerdaggerdaggerdaggerfashion,fashion,fashion, headingheadingheading northwestward intointointo

AfghanistanAfghanistanAfghanistan.Afghanistan... Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 31 K.D.S.Ayishwariya X-A CaCaptainptainCaptain LakshmiLakshmiLakshmi SahgalSahgalSahgal isisis oneoneone ofofof thethethe lionlionlion- lion---heartedheartedheartedhearted women,women,women,IndiaIndiaIndia evereverever hadhadhad. had...SheSheShe pickedpickedpicked upupup thethethe gungungun forforfor thethethe IndianIndianIndian NationalNationalNationalArmyArmyArmy (INA)(INA)(INA) foundedfoundedfounded bybyby NetajiNetajiNetaji SubashSubashSubash ChandraChandraChandra BoseBoseBose andandandledledled ititit likelikelike aaa tigresstigresstigress forforfor thethethe strugglestrugglestruggle forforfor IndianIndianIndian freedomfreedomfreedom. freedom... LakshmiLakshmiLakshmiSahgalSahgalSahgal waswaswas bornbornborn ininin 191419141914 tototo aaa traditionaltraditionaltraditional TamilTamilTamilfamilyfamilyfamily. family...SheSheShe gotgotgot herherher firstfirstfirst patrioticpatrioticpatriotic lessonslessonslessons fromfromfrom herherher mothermothermother whowhowhowaswaswas aaa membermembermember ofofof thethethe CongressCongressCongress herselfherselfherself. herself...SheSheShe completedcompletedcompleted herherher degreedegreedegreeininin medicinemedicinemedicine fromfromfrom thethethe MadrasMadrasMadras MedicalMedicalMedical CollegeCollegeCollege andandand wentwentwent tototo SingaporeSingaporeSingaporeforforfor aaa careercareercareer asasas aaa doctor,doctor,doctor, howeverhoweverhowever somethingsomethingsomething veryveryvery differentdifferentdifferentwaswaswas waitingwaitingwaiting forforfor herherher ininin SingaporeSingaporeSingapore. Singapore...AtAtAt thatthatthat timetimetime ititit waswaswas ruledruledruledbybyby BritishBritishBritish andandand theytheythey hadhadhad tototo surrendersurrendersurrender whenwhenwhen thethethe JapaneseJapaneseJapanese invadedinvadedinvadedthethethe countrycountrycountry. country...ThousandsThousandsThousands ofofof IndiansIndiansIndians werewerewere takentakentaken asasas prisonersprisonersprisoners.prisoners...AtAtAt thisthisthis juncture,juncture,juncture, NetajiNetajiNetaji invitedinvitedinvited thethethe IndianIndianIndian prisonersprisonersprisoners tototo joinjoinjointhethethe INAINAINA andandand fightfightfight againstagainstagainst thethethe BritishBritishBritish. British...LakshmiLakshmiLakshmi waswaswas oneoneone ofofof themthemthemandandand NetajiNetajiNetaji waswaswas impressedimpressedimpressed bybyby herherher couragecouragecourage andandand askedaskedasked herherher tototo leadleadleadthethethe RaniRaniRani JhansiJhansiJhansi RegimentRegimentRegiment. Regiment...SheSheShe foughtfoughtfought againstagainstagainst thethethe BritishBritishBritish ininin thethethejunglesjunglesjungles ofofof BurmaBurmaBurma. Burma... EvenEvenEvenbeingbeingbeing ananan octogenarian,octogenarian,octogenarian, CaptainCaptainCaptain LakshmiLakshmiLakshmi SahgalSahgalSahgal hadhadhadthethethe samesamesame indomitableindomitableindomitable attitudeattitudeattitude. attitude...Still,Still,Still, shesheshe isisis aaa majormajormajor attractionattractionattraction tototothethethe commoncommoncommon multitudemultitudemultitude forforfor thosethosethose whowhowho conductconductconduct seminarsseminarsseminars andandand conferencesconferencesconferences.conferences...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 32 S.Suvalakshmi X-D HemuHemuHemu KalaniKalaniKalani was born in Sukkur, Sindh (now in Pakistan) on 23rd March 1923. He was drawn to revolutionary activities and started participating in acts of protests with the aim of driving out the British. He was involved in raids and in the burning of vehicles belonging to the Raj. HemuHemuHemuKalaniKalaniKalani joined Mahatma Gandhi's Quit India Movement in 1942. Support for the movement in Sindh was such that the British rulers had to send special troops consisting of European battalions. He found out that a railway train of these troops and their supplies would be passing through his local town and decided to derail it by removing the fishplates from the railway track. Despite the fact neither he nor his colleagues had the necessary tools and so had to use a rope as a means to loosen the fixings. They were seen by the British troops before being able to complete the sabotage. HemuHemuHemuwas caught, imprisoned, and tortured in an attempt to get him to reveal the names of his coco----conspirators.conspirators. He refused to divulge any information, was put on trial and sentenced to death. The people of Sindh petitioned the Viceroy for mercy but the condition of granting it was that the authorities must be told the identity of his coco----conspirators.conspirators. He again refused to pass on the information and he was hanged on 21 January 1943. It is said that HemuHemuHemuKalaniKalaniKalani was so happy and gained a good deal of weight during the time between his sentencing and executionexecutionexecution.execution. On the day of his execution, he appeared extremely overjoyed, and walked to the gallows with a copy of the Bhagavad Gita in his hands, smiling and humming the whole way.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 33 WOMEN FREEDOM FIGHTERS OF INDIA SAROJINI NAIDU

G.KISHORE VII-E SarojiniSarojiniSarojini NaiduNaiduNaidu waswaswas aaa poetpoetpoet andandand aaa freedomfreedomfreedom fighterfighterfighter ofofof IndiaIndiaIndia.India...SheSheShe isisis famouslyfamouslyfamously knownknownknown asasas ‘‘‘Nightingale ‘NightingaleNightingaleNightingaleofofof IndiaIndiaIndia’ India’’’becausebecausebecause ofofof thethethe beautifulbeautifulbeautifulpoemspoemspoems thatthatthat shesheshe wrotewrotewrote. wrote...SarojiniSarojiniSarojini NaiduNaiduNaidu waswaswas bornbornborn ininin aaa familyfamilyfamily wherewherewhere herherher fatherfatherfatherwaswaswas ininin chargechargecharge ofofof aaa collegecollegecollege ininin HyderabadHyderabadHyderabad andandand herherher mothermothermother waswaswas alsoalsoalso aaa poetpoetpoet. poet... SheSheShehadhadhad studiedstudiedstudied atatat KingKingKing’ King’’’ssssCollege,College,College, LondonLondonLondon ... InInIn 190519051905 BengalBengalBengal waswaswas partitionedpartitionedpartitioned inininnamenamename ofofof administrative convenienceconvenienceconvenience, convenience,,,shesheshe joinedjoinedjoined thethethe independenceindependenceindependence movementmovementmovement. movement... SheSheShemetmetmet RabindranathRabindranathRabindranath Tagore,Tagore,Tagore, GopalGopalGopal KrishnaKrishnaKrishna GokhaleGokhaleGokhale andandand MahatmaMahatmaMahatma GandhiGandhiGandhi duringduringduringthethethe freedomfreedomfreedom strugglestrugglestruggle. struggle... ThenThenThenshesheshe travelledtravelledtravelled tototo differentdifferentdifferent partspartsparts ofofof IndiaIndiaIndia andandand gavegavegave speechesspeechesspeeches ononon WomenWomenWomen’ Women’’’ssss right,right,right,nationalismnationalismnationalism andandand socialsocialsocial welfarewelfarewelfare. welfare...SheSheShe hadhadhad wonwonwon manymanymany awardsawardsawards oneoneone suchsuchsuch awardawardawardwaswaswas KaiserKaiserKaiser EEE HindHindHind medalmedalmedal whichwhichwhich shesheshe returnedreturnedreturned afterafterafter Jallianwalabagh MassacreMassacreMassacre.Massacre... SarojiniSarojiniSarojiniNaiduNaiduNaidu becamebecamebecame thethethe secondsecondsecond womanwomanwoman PresidentPresidentPresident ofofofIndianIndianIndian NationalNationalNational CongressCongressCongress partypartyparty. party...HerHerHer dedicationdedicationdedication towardstowardstowards herherher countrycountrycountry andandand countrymencountrymencountrymenmademademade herherher publicpublicpublic’ public’’’ssssfavouritefavouritefavourite. favourite...SheSheShe isisis ananan importantimportantimportant leaderleaderleader ofofof thethethe movementsmovementsmovementslikelikelike CivilCivilCivil DisobedienceDisobedienceDisobedience MovementMovementMovement ,,, QuitQuitQuit IndiaIndiaIndia MovementMovementMovement andandand alsoalsoalso gotgotgotarrestedarrestedarrested manymanymany timestimestimes. times...However,However,However, nothingnothingnothing reducedreducedreduced herherher lovelovelove forforfor thethethe nationnationnation. nation...SheSheShe becamebecamebecamethethethe GovernorGovernorGovernor ofofof UttarUttarUttar PradeshPradeshPradesh andandand waswaswas thethethe firstfirstfirst womanwomanwoman GovernorGovernorGovernor ininin ourourourcountrycountrycountry. country...TodayTodayToday peoplepeoplepeople rememberrememberremember herherher moremoremore asasas aaa poetpoetpoet. poet...HerHerHer poemspoemspoems werewerewere admiredadmiredadmiredbybyby politicians,politicians,politicians, leadersleadersleaders andandand poetspoetspoets outsideoutsideoutside IndiaIndiaIndia alsoalsoalso. also...HerHerHer poempoempoem “““In “InInInthethethe BazaarsBazaarsBazaarsofofof HyderabadHyderabadHyderabad” Hyderabad”””isisis oneoneone ofofof thethethe mostmostmost wellwellwell- well---knownknownknownknownpoemspoemspoems. poems...SarojiniSarojiniSarojini NaiduNaiduNaidu isisis stillstillstillananan inspirationinspirationinspiration forforfor allallall thethethe womenwomenwomen. women...SheSheShe nevernevernever letletlet anythinganythinganything becomebecomebecome herherher weaknessweaknessweaknessandandand achievedachievedachieved everythingeverythingeverything thatthatthat shesheshe wantedwantedwanted tototo asasas aaa womanwomanwoman. woman...SheSheShe empoweredempoweredempoweredwomenwomenwomen andandand setsetset ananan exampleexampleexample whichwhichwhich isisis stillstillstill followedfollowedfollowed tototo thisthisthis daydayday. day... “““TheThe first woman Governor in India”India”””

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 34 S. Niranjan X - A

MahaMahaMaha KaviKaviKavi SubramanyaSubramanyaSubramanya BharathiyarBharathiyarBharathiyar was born to as “““Subbayya“SubbayyaSubbayyaSubbayya”” on December 111111,11, 1881 in the TamilnaduTamilnaduTamilnaduvillage of EttaiyapuramEttaiyapuramEttaiyapuram.Ettaiyapuram. He was educated at a local high school called “““The“The M.D.T. Hindu CollegeCollege”” in Tirunelveli. From a very young age he learnt music. He was conferred the title “““Bharathi“BharathiBharathiBharathi”” (one blessed by SaraswatiSaraswatiSaraswati,Saraswati, the Goddess of learninglearninglearning).learning). He was brought up by his disciplinarian father who wanted him to learn English, excel in arithmetic, become an engineer and lead a comfortable life. However, BharathiBharathiBharathiwas given to day dreaming and could not concentrate on his studies. In 189718971897,1897, perhaps to instillinstillinstilla sense of responsibility in him, his father had the 14 year old BharathiBharathiBharathi,Bharathi, married to his seven year younger cousin, ChellamalChellamalChellamal.Chellamal...

During his stay in Varanasi. BharathiBharathiBharathiwas exposed to Hindu spirituality and nationalism. This broadened his outlook and he learned Sanskrit, Hindi and English. He believed in womenwomen’’’’ss rights, gender equality and women emancipation. He was a poet, journalist, freedom fighter , social reformer and made a great impact on the entire human society.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 35 OurOur independence was hard fought. The British ruled over our land for a long time. Many Indians stood up and foughtfoughtfought.fought. Some got the spotlight while some stayed in the dark and contributed just as much as the others. Their only focus was seeing an independent India.India.India. Here are some freedom fighters who remained as Unsung Heroes you probably haven't heard of: 1.1. MatanginiMatanginiMatanginiHazraHazraHazra 2. Begum HazratHazratHazratMahalMahalMahal 3. SenapatiSenapatiSenapatiBapatBapatBapat 4. ArunaArunaArunaAsafAsafAsaf AliAliAli 5. PottiPottiPottiSreeramuluSreeramuluSreeramulu 6. BhikajiBhikajiBhikajiCamaCamaCama 7. Tara Rani Srivastava 9. Peer Ali Khan 8. KanaiyalalKanaiyalalKanaiyalalManeklalManeklalManeklal MunshiMunshiMunshi 10. KamaladeviKamaladeviKamaladeviChattopadhyay

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 36 D.Sahana IX-E RaRamm PrasadPrasadPrasad BismilBismilBismil waswaswas bornbornborn ononon JuneJuneJune 111111, 11,,,189718971897, 1897,,,ininin aaa villagevillagevillage ininin UttarUttarUttarPradeshPradeshPradesh’ Pradesh’’’ssssShahjahanpurShahjahanpurShahjahanpur districtdistrictdistrict tototo MurlidharMurlidharMurlidhar andandand MoolmatiMoolmatiMoolmati. Moolmati...HeHeHe waswaswasassociatedassociatedassociated withwithwith thethethe AryaAryaArya SamajSamajSamaj fromfromfrom ananan earlyearlyearly ageageage. age... BismilBismilBismilstartedstartedstarted writingwritingwriting powerfulpowerfulpowerful patrioticpatrioticpatriotic poemspoemspoems ininin UrduUrduUrdu andandand HindiHindiHindiunderunderunder thethethe penpenpen namesnamesnames ofofof ‘‘‘Bismil ‘BismilBismilBismil’’’’,,,,‘‘‘‘RamRamRamRam’’’’andandand ‘‘‘Agyat ‘AgyatAgyatAgyat’’’’....TheTheThe idealsidealsideals ofofof freedomfreedomfreedomandandand revolutionrevolutionrevolution gotgotgot firstfirstfirst ingrainedingrainedingrained ininin hishishis mindmindmind afterafterafter hehehe readreadread thethethe deathdeathdeathsentencesentencesentence passedpassedpassed ononon BhaiBhaiBhai ParmanandParmanandParmanand, Parmanand,,,ananan IndianIndianIndian nationalistnationalistnationalist andandand AryaAryaArya SamajSamajSamajmissionarymissionarymissionary. missionary...HeHeHe gavegavegave ventventvent tototo hishishis angerangeranger ininin thethethe formformform ofofof hishishis poempoempoem ‘‘‘Mera ‘MeraMeraMera JanmJanmJanm’Janm’’’....HeHeHe waswaswas justjustjust 181818 thenthenthen. then... BismilBismilBismilgotgotgot hishishis namenamename etchedetchedetched asasas aaa prominentprominentprominent freedomfreedomfreedom fighterfighterfighter withwithwith hishishisparticipationparticipationparticipation ininin thethethe MainpuriMainpuriMainpuri conspiracyconspiracyconspiracy ofofof 191819181918. 1918...BismilBismilBismil alongalongalong withwithwith GendaGendaGendaLalLalLal Dixit,Dixit,Dixit, aaa schoolschoolschool teacherteacherteacher fromfromfrom AuraiyaAuraiyaAuraiya, Auraiya,,,organisedorganisedorganised youthyouthyouth tototo strengthenstrengthenstrengthentheirtheirtheir organisationsorganisationsorganisations, organisations,,,‘‘‘‘MatrivediMatrivediMatrivediMatrivedi’’’’andandand ‘‘‘Shivaji ‘ShivajiShivajiShivajiSamitiSamitiSamiti’ Samiti’’’....HeHeHe publishedpublishedpublishedaaa pamphletpamphletpamphlet titledtitledtitled ‘‘‘Deshwasiyon ‘DeshwasiyonDeshwasiyonDeshwasiyonkekeke NaamNaamNaam’ Naam’’’andandand distributeddistributeddistributed ititit alongalongalongwithwithwith hishishis poempoempoem ‘‘‘Mainpuri ‘MainpuriMainpuriMainpurikikiki PratigyaPratigyaPratigya’ Pratigya’’’ononon JanuaryJanuaryJanuary 282828, 28,,,191819181918. 1918...ToToTo collectcollectcollectfundsfundsfunds forforfor thethethe parties,parties,parties, theytheythey lootedlootedlooted governmentgovernmentgovernment cofferscofferscoffers. coffers... HisHisHisidealsidealsideals ofofof freedomfreedomfreedom strugglestrugglestruggle stoodstoodstood ininin starkstarkstark contrastcontrastcontrast tototo thatthatthat ofofof MahatmaMahatmaMahatmaGandhiGandhiGandhi andandand hehehe wouldwouldwould reportedlyreportedlyreportedly saysaysay “““Independence “IndependenceIndependenceIndependencewouldwouldwould notnotnot bebebe achievedachievedachievedbybyby meansmeansmeans ofofof nonnonnon- non---violenceviolenceviolenceviolence””””.... AfterAfterAfterthethethe trialtrialtrial ininin thethethe sososo calledcalledcalled KakoriKakoriKakori conspiracy,conspiracy,conspiracy, thesethesethese fourfourfour revolutionaries werewerewere sentencedsentencedsentenced tototo bebebe hangedhangedhanged. hanged...InInInInLucknowLucknowLucknow CentralCentralCentral Jail,Jail,Jail, BismilBismilBismilwrotewrotewrote hishishis autobiography, consideredconsideredconsidered oneoneone ofofof thethethe finestfinestfinest worksworksworks ininin HindiHindiHindiliteratureliteratureliterature andandand alsoalsoalso thethethe cultcultcult songsongsong “““Mera “MeraMeraMerarangrangrang dedede BasantiBasantiBasanti cholacholachola” chola”””.... WWithitthh the words “““Jai“Jai HindJai Hind”Hind” on his lips, the 303030-30---yearyearyearyear----oldold BismilBismilBismil was hanged in the Gorakhpur jail on December 191919,19, 1927 and cremated on the banks of RaptiRaptiRaptiriver. The site later came to be known as Raj GhatGhatGhat.Ghat...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 37 K.S.Shanmuga Priya IX-D TheThe Indian flag is manufactured and supplied from only one place in the country. The Karnataka KhadiKhadiKhadiGramodyogaGramodyogaGramodyoga SamyuktaSamyuktaSamyukta Sangha (KKGSS), located in Dharwad, Karnataka, has the authority to manufacture and supply the Indian flag. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the national flag is manufactured only with handhandhand-hand---spunspun and handwoven cotton khadikhadikhadibunting.bunting.bunting.

DuDurgawatirgawatiDurgawati Devi (Devi (1907(190719071907----1999199919991999)))) ---DurgaDu rgaDurga Bhabhi's name in the history is etched forfor being the meticulous planner who helped BhagatBhagatBhagatSingh escape from Lahore to Calcutta after killing Saunders.

JatindraJatindraJatindra NathNathNath Das (Das (1904(190419041904----1929192919291929)))) ---OneOn e day Das was brought to the court on a ststretcher.retcher. Looking at his deteriorating condition, the jail committee recommended that Das to be released unconditionally. The Government rejected the recommendation, making it a matter of prestige. They offered to release him on bail, but he did not agree. Someone deposited the bail money for him, but JatinJatinJatinstill refused the offer.

KhudKhudiramiramKhudiram Bose (Bose (1889(188918891889----190819081908) 1908) --- He was an ardent follower of Swami AurobindoAurobindoAurobindo and followed his lectures on freedom movement diligently. One day KhudiramKhudiramKhudiramwas asked if he wanted to say something in the court. With a strong heart to enjoy the most excruciating moments of life, he replied in a lighter note that if he was given sometime, he could even teach the judge how to make bombs. When the court awarded him seven days to make an appeal to the High Court, he refused to do so and was hanged at the tender age of 181818.18.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 38 V.Akshaya Kumar VII ‘A’  SheSheShe waswaswas bornbornborn ononon OctoberOctoberOctober 111, 1,,,184718471847. 1847...  SheSheShewaswaswas ananan IrishIrishIrish LadyLadyLady andandand aaa prominentprominentprominent membermembermember ofofofthethethe TheosophicalTheosophicalTheosophical SocietySocietySociety. Society...  SheSheShejoinedjoinedjoined thethethe IndianIndianIndian NationalNationalNational CongressCongressCongress andandand waswaswas involvedinvolvedinvolvedininin PoliticalPoliticalPolitical andandand EducationalEducationalEducational activitiesactivitiesactivities inininIndiaIndiaIndia. India...  SheSheShewaswaswas thethethe firstfirstfirst womanwomanwoman PresidentPresidentPresident ofofof CongressCongressCongress. Congress...  SheSheShestartedstartedstarted aaa newspapernewspapernewspaper namednamednamed “““New “NewNewNewIndiaIndiaIndia” India”””....  SheSheSheencouragedencouragedencouraged nationalnationalnational awakeningawakeningawakening whilewhilewhile fightingfightingfightingagainstagainstagainst socialsocialsocial evilsevilsevils suchsuchsuch asasas castecastecaste discrimination andandand childchildchild marriagemarriagemarriage. marriage...  ForForForthethethe latter,latter,latter, shesheshe devoteddevoteddevoted muchmuchmuch timetimetime andandand effortefforteffort inininimprovingimprovingimproving educationeducationeducation ininin IndiaIndiaIndia. India...  InInIn191619161916, 1916,,,AnnieAnnieAnnie BesantBesantBesant launchedlaunchedlaunched thethethe AllAllAll- All---IndiaIndiaIndiaIndia HomeHomeHomeRuleRuleRule LeagueLeagueLeague. League...ThisThisThis waswaswas thethethe firstfirstfirst factionfactionfaction ininin IndiaIndiaIndiathatthatthat demandeddemandeddemanded completecompletecomplete independenceindependenceindependence. independence...  SheSheShedieddieddied ononon 202020 ththth SepteSeptemberSeptembermberSeptember 193319331933, 1933,,,atatat thethethe ageageage ofofof 858585,85,,,ininin AdyarAdyarAdyar, Adyar,,,MadrasMadrasMadras PresidencyPresidencyPresidency. Presidency...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 39 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 40 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 41 S.Sahanah VII B Introduction:InIntroductiontroductionIntroduction::: JijabaiJijabaiJijabai ShahajiShahajiShahaji BhosaleBhosaleBhosale waswaswas thethethe mothermothermother ofofof ShivajiShivajiShivaji, Shivaji,,, ththee MarathaMarathaMaratha kingkingking whowhowho establishedestablishedestablished oneoneone ofofof thethethe largestlargestlargest empiresempiresempires ininin thethethehistoryhistoryhistory ofofof IndiaIndiaIndia. India...SheSheShe herselfherselfherself aaa fiercefiercefierce warriorwarriorwarrior andandand administrator,administrator,administrator,waswaswas instrumentalinstrumentalinstrumental ininin ShivajiShivajiShivaji’ Shivaji’’’ssssquestsquestsquests tototo establishestablishestablish thethethe MarathaMarathaMarathaempireempireempire. empire...SheSheShe isisis oneoneone ofofof thethethe mostmostmost inspirationalinspirationalinspirational historicalhistoricalhistorical figuresfiguresfiguresofofof thethethe countrycountrycountry. country... EarlyEarly LifeLifeLife ofofof JijabaiJijabaiJijabai ::: JijabaiJijabaiJijabai waswaswas bornbornborn tototo LakhujiLakhujiLakhuji JadhavraoJadhavraoJadhavrao andandand MaMalasalasaMalasa BaiBaiBai ononon JanuaryJanuaryJanuary 121212, 12,,,159815981598 ininin thethethe SindhkhedSindhkhedSindhkhed towntowntown ofofof MaharashtraMaharashtraMaharashtra.Maharashtra...JijabaiJijabaiJijabai waswaswas marriedmarriedmarried atatat aaa veryveryvery youngyoungyoung ageageage tototo ShahajiShahajiShahaji BhosleBhosleBhosle,Bhosle,,,sonsonson ofofof MalojiMalojiMaloji ShiledarShiledarShiledar. Shiledar...TheyTheyThey hadhadhad eighteighteight childrenchildrenchildren includingincludingincluding sixsixsixdaughtersdaughtersdaughters andandand twotwotwo sonssonssons. sons...OneOneOne ofofof themthemthem waswaswas ShivajiShivajiShivaji. Shivaji...SheSheShe ,,, whowhowho servedservedservedasasas Shivaji'sShivaji'sShivaji's advisoradvisoradvisor, advisor,,,hadhadhad aaa majormajormajor rolerolerole ininin hishishis accomplishmentsaccomplishments.... NatureNatureNature ofofof JijabaiJijabaiJijabai ::: JijabaiJijabaiJijabai waswaswas knownknownknown forforfor herherher virtue,virtue,virtue, valourvalourvalour andandand foresight,foresight,foresight, traitstraitstraits whichwhichwhich shesheshe passedpassedpassed downdowndown tototo herherher sonsonson. son...SheSheShe waswaswas alsoalsoalso aaa skilledskilledskilledhorsehorsehorse riderriderrider andandand hadhadhad aaa waywayway withwithwith swordsswordsswords thatthatthat wouldwouldwould putputput decentdecentdecentfightersfightersfighters tototo shameshameshame. shame...SheSheShe establishedestablishedestablished thethethe KasbapethKasbapethKasbapeth GanpatiGanpatiGanpati templetempletempleandandand renovatedrenovatedrenovated thethethe KeverreshwarKeverreshwarKeverreshwar templetempletemple andandand TambdiTambdiTambdi JogeshwariJogeshwariJogeshwaritempletempletemple. temple... DeatDeathhDeath::: SheShheeS passedpassedpassed awayawayaway ininin 167416741674 ininin thethethe villagevillagevillage ofofof PachadPachadPachad nearnearnear fortfortfort RaRajgad,RajgadjgadRajgad,,,aaa meremeremere twelvetwelvetwelve daysdaysdays afterafterafter ShivajiShivajiShivaji’ Shivaji’’’sssscoronationcoronationcoronation. coronation... BharathBharathBharath MathaMathaMatha KiKiKi JaiJaiJai JaiJaiJaiHindHindHind

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 42 M D Vilasini VII-B RukminiRukminiRukmini LakshmipathiLakshmipathiLakshmipathi waswaswas bornbornborn ononon 666th 6ththth DecemberDecemberDecember189218921892 ininin MadrasMadrasMadras. Madras...SheSheShe waswaswas aaa freedomfreedomfreedom fighterfighterfighter whowhowhowaswaswas thethethe firstfirstfirst womanwomanwoman tototo becomebecomebecome thethethe CabinetCabinetCabinet MinisterMinisterMinisterandandand thethethe firstfirstfirst HealthHealthHealth MinisterMinisterMinister ofofof TamilTamilTamil NaduNaduNadu. Nadu... SheSheShetooktooktook partpartpart ininin thethethe SwadeshiSwadeshiSwadeshi MovementMovementMovement ononon 777th 7ththth AugustAugustAugust190519051905. 1905...SheSheShe waswaswas thethethe firstfirstfirst womanwomanwoman tototo joinjoinjoin thethethe SwadeshiSwadeshiSwadeshiMovementMovementMovement. Movement...SheSheShe joinedjoinedjoined thethethe IndiaIndiaIndia NationalNationalNational CongressCongressCongressininin 192319231923. 1923...SheSheShe waswaswas jailedjailedjailed forforfor aaa yearyearyear asasas shesheshe participatedparticipatedparticipatedininin thethethe SaltSaltSalt Satyagraha,Satyagraha,Satyagraha, VedaranyamVedaranyamVedaranyam. Vedaranyam... AfterAfterAfterRajajiRajajiRajaji waswaswas arrested,arrested,arrested, shesheshe tooktooktook overoverover thethethe leadershipleadershipleadership ofofofthethethe SatyagrahaSatyagrahaSatyagraha. Satyagraha...SheSheShe waswaswas thethethe firstfirstfirst womanwomanwoman tototo bebebe jailedjailedjailedininin thethethe SaltSaltSalt SatyagrahaSatyagrahaSatyagraha MovementMovementMovement. Movement... RukminiRukminiRukminiLakshmipathiLakshmipathiLakshmipathi alsoalsoalso waswaswas thethethe firstfirstfirst womanwomanwomantototo bebebe electedelectedelected tototo thethethe MadrasMadrasMadras LegislatureLegislatureLegislature. Legislature...SheSheShe participatedparticipatedparticipatedininin thethethe individualindividualindividual SatyagrahaSatyagrahaSatyagraha calledcalledcalled bybyby GandhiGandhiGandhiwhenwhenwhen EnglandEnglandEngland declareddeclareddeclared warwarwar ononon GermanyGermanyGermany ininin 193919391939ononon IndiaIndiaIndia’ India’’’ssssbehalfbehalfbehalf. behalf...SheSheShe dieddieddied ononon 666 August,August,August, 195119511951 atatat thethetheageageage ofofof 585858. 58

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 43 R.YUGESH VIII - E TheThe GovernmentGovernmentGovernment ofofof IndiaIndiaIndia isisis responsibleresponsibleresponsible forforfor ensuringensuringensuring thethethe defencedefencedefenceofofof IndiaIndiaIndia andandand everyeveryevery partpartpart theretherethere ofofof. of...TheTheThe supremesupremesupreme CommandCommandCommand ofofof IndianIndianIndianArmedArmedArmed ForcesForcesForces restsrestsrests ininin thethethe PresidentPresidentPresident. President... TheTheTheresponsibilityresponsibilityresponsibility forforfor nationalnationalnational defencedefencedefence restsrestsrests withwithwith thethethe CabinetCabinetCabinet ...This .ThisThisThisisisis dischargeddischargeddischargedthroughthroughthrough thethethe MinistryMinistryMinistry ofofof DefenceDefenceDefence, Defence,,,whichwhichwhich providesprovidesprovides thethethe policypolicypolicyframeworkframeworkframework andandand wherewherewhere withwithwith tototo thethethe armedarmedarmed forcesforcesforces tototo dischargedischargedischarge theirtheirtheirresponsibilities ininin thethethe contextcontextcontext ofofof thethethe defencedefencedefence ofofof thethethe countrycountrycountry. country...TheTheThe IndianIndianIndianArmedArmedArmed ForcesForcesForces comprisecomprisecomprise ofofof threethreethree divisionsdivisionsdivisions- divisions---IndianIndianIndian Army,Army,Army, IndianIndianIndianNavy,Navy,Navy, andandand thethethe IndianIndianIndian AirAirAir ForceForceForce. Force... TheTheTheIndianIndianIndian subcontinentsubcontinentsubcontinent hadhadhad witnessedwitnessedwitnessed thethethe cohesivecohesivecohesive concentrationconcentrationconcentrationofofof manymanymany empiresempiresempires ininin thethethe questquestquest forforfor controlcontrolcontrol ofofof militarymilitarymilitary powerpowerpower,and,and,and governmentgovernmentgovernment ofofof thethethe statestatestate. state...AsAsAs timetimetime rolledrolledrolled bybyby ,societal,societal,societal normsnormsnorms foundfoundfoundananan ethosethosethos ininin thethethe workplaceworkplaceworkplace. workplace... TheTheTheIndianIndianIndian Army,Army,Army, asasas wewewe knowknowknow ititit todaytodaytoday becomesbecomesbecomes operationaloperationaloperationalafterafterafter thethethe countrycountrycountry gainedgainedgained independenceindependenceindependence fromfromfrom BritishBritishBritish colonialismcolonialismcolonialism.colonialism...TheTheThe IndianIndianIndian ArmyArmyArmy’ Army’’’ssssHQHQHQ isisis locatedlocatedlocated ininin NewNewNew DelhiDelhiDelhi andandand functionsfunctionsfunctionsunderunderunder thethethe ChiefChiefChief ofofof ArmyArmyArmy Staff,Staff,Staff, whowhowho isisis responsibleresponsibleresponsible forforfor thethethe commandcommandcommand,,, control,control,control, andandand administration asasas aaa wholewholewhole. whole...TheTheThe armyarmyarmy isisis divideddivideddividedintointointo sixsixsix operationaloperationaloperational commandscommandscommands andandand oneoneone trainingtrainingtraining commandcommandcommand ,,, eacheacheachunderunderunder thethethe commandcommandcommand ofofof aaa LieutenantLieutenantLieutenant GeneralGeneralGeneral ,who,who,who hashashas ananan equalequalequal statusstatusstatusthethethe ViceViceVice- Vice---ChiefChiefChiefChiefofofof ArmyArmyArmy Staff,Staff,Staff, workingworkingworking underunderunder thethethe controlcontrolcontrol ofofof ArmyArmyArmyHQHQHQ ininin NewNewNew DelhiDelhiDelhi ...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 44 S.AKSHARA VI F IndiaIndiaIndia isisis observingobservingobserving thethethe 797979th 79thththAnniversaryAnniversaryAnniversary ofofof QuitQuitQuit IndiaIndiaIndia MovementMovementMovementononon AugustAugustAugust 888. 8...TheTheThe QuitQuitQuit IndiaIndiaIndia Movement,Movement,Movement, alsoalsoalso calledcalledcalled thethetheAugustAugustAugust Movement,Movement,Movement, launchedlaunchedlaunched ononon 888th 8thththAugust,August,August, 194219421942, 1942,,,atatat MumbaiMumbaiMumbai’Mumbai’’’ssssGowaliaGowaliaGowalia’ Gowalia’’’ssssTankTankTank MaidanMaidanMaidan, Maidan,,,nownownow popularlypopularlypopularly knownknownknown asasas AugustAugustAugustKrantiKrantiKranti MaidanMaidanMaidan. Maidan...ItItIt waswaswas aaa resultresultresult ofofof Gandhi'sGandhi'sGandhi's protestprotestprotest againstagainstagainstthethethe returnreturnreturn ofofof SirSirSir StaffordStaffordStafford CrippsCrippsCripps. Cripps...HeHeHe wantedwantedwanted tototo negotiatenegotiatenegotiate withwithwiththethethe BritishBritishBritish GovernmentGovernmentGovernment forforfor thethethe independenceindependenceindependence ofofof IndiaIndiaIndia throughthroughthroughthisthisthis movementmovementmovement. movement...FamousFamousFamous slogansloganslogan waswaswas givengivengiven hereherehere --- 'Do'Do'Do ororor Die'Die'Die'.Die'...OnOnOn 999th 9thththAugustAugustAugust leadersleadersleaders ofofof thethethe CongressCongressCongress likelikelike VallabhbhaiVallabhbhaiVallabhbhai Patel,Patel,Patel,MahatmaMahatmaMahatma Gandhi,Gandhi,Gandhi, AbulAbulAbul KalamKalamKalam Azad,Azad,Azad, andandand JawaharlalJawaharlalJawaharlal NehruNehruNehruwerewerewere arrestedarrestedarrested. arrested... TheTheThemovementmovementmovement cancancan bebebe divideddivideddivided intointointo fourfourfour phasesphasesphases: phases::: InInInthethethe firstfirstfirst phase,phase,phase, theretherethere werewerewere processions,processions,processions, strikesstrikesstrikes andandand demonstrationsdemonstrations....TheTheThe secondsecondsecond phasephasephase sawsawsaw raidsraidsraids ononon thethethe governmentgovernmentgovernment buildingsbuildingsbuildingsandandand municipalmunicipalmunicipal houseshouseshouses. houses...AlongAlongAlong withwithwith this,this,this, postpostpost offices,offices,offices, railwayrailwayrailwaystationsstationsstations andandand policepolicepolice stationsstationsstations werewerewere setsetset ononon firefirefire. fire... TheTheThethirdthirdthird phasephasephase ofofof beganbeganbegan ininin SeptemberSeptemberSeptember 194219421942. 1942...MobsMobsMobs bombedbombedbombed policepolicepolice inininplacesplacesplaces likelikelike Bombay,Bombay,Bombay, UttarUttarUttar PradeshPradeshPradesh andandand MadhyaMadhyaMadhya PradeshPradeshPradesh. Pradesh... Gradually,Gradually,Gradually,thethethe movementmovementmovement gainedgainedgained backbackback itsitsits peacefulpeacefulpeaceful formformform andandand continuedcontinuedcontinuedtilltilltill MahatmaMahatmaMahatma GandhiGandhiGandhi waswaswas releasedreleasedreleased ononon May,May,May, 194419441944. 1944...ThisThisThis waswaswasthethethe fourthfourthfourth phasephasephase ofofof thethethe movementmovementmovement. movement...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 45 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 46 D.NAVEEN VII-D KiKitturtturKittur ChennammaChennammaChennamma waswaswas aaa queenqueenqueen whowhowho foughtfoughtfought thethethe BritishBritishBritish EmpireEmpireEmpireeyeeyeeye tototo eye,eye,eye, andandand perhapsperhapsperhaps oneoneone ofofof thethethe veryveryvery firstfirstfirst femalefemalefemale independenceindependenceindependenceactivistsactivistsactivists ofofof ourourour countrycountrycountry. country...SheSheShe waswaswas instrumentalinstrumentalinstrumental ininin provokingprovokingprovokingmanymanymany womenwomenwomen tototo riseriserise againstagainstagainst thethethe BritishBritishBritish rulerulerule. rule...SheSheShe waswaswas thethetheQueenQueenQueen ofofof thethethe princelyprincelyprincely statestatestate KitturKitturKittur ininin KarnatakaKarnatakaKarnataka. Karnataka...SheSheShe waswaswas bornbornborn inininnorthnorthnorth ofofof BelgaumBelgaumBelgaum ininin aaa villagevillagevillage calledcalledcalled KakatiKakatiKakati andandand fromfromfrom aaa veryveryvery youngyoungyoungageageage shesheshe receivedreceivedreceived trainingtrainingtraining ininin horsehorsehorse ridingridingriding, riding,,,swordswordsword fightingfightingfighting andandand archeryarcheryarchery.archery...AAAAbravebravebrave youngyoungyoung girl,girl,girl, shesheshe waswaswas wellwellwell knownknownknown forforfor beingbeingbeing fearlessfearlessfearless. fearless... SheSheShewaswaswas marriedmarriedmarried tototo MallasarjaMallasarjaMallasarja Desai,Desai,Desai, rulerrulerruler ofofof KitturKitturKittur atatat thethetheageageage ofofof 151515. 15...ButButBut herherher husbandhusbandhusband dieddieddied quicklyquicklyquickly thereafterthereafterthereafter leavingleavingleaving herherher alonealonealonewithwithwith aaa sonsonson, son,,,whowhowho alsoalsoalso dieddieddied ininin aaa tragictragictragic incidentincidentincident. incident...ChennammaChennammaChennamma mademademadeititit herherher missionmissionmission tototo workworkwork forforfor thethethe countrycountrycountry. country...SheSheShe tooktooktook thethethe reignsreignsreigns afterafterafterherherher husband’shusband’shusband’s deathdeathdeath. death...TheTheThe youngyoungyoung queenqueenqueen leftleftleft nonono stonestonestone unturnedunturnedunturned inininsavingsavingsaving herherher land,land,land, KitturKitturKittur fromfromfrom thethethe clutchesclutchesclutches ofofof thethethe BritishBritishBritish. British...SheSheShe hadhadhad tototofightfightfight againstagainstagainst allallall oddsoddsodds includingincludingincluding traitorstraitorstraitors ononon herherher sidesideside. side... ChennammaChennammaChennammafoughtfoughtfought valiantlyvaliantlyvaliantly alongalongalong withwithwith herherher closecloseclose aideaideaide andandandwellwellwell knownknownknown freedomfreedomfreedom fighterfighterfighter SangolliSangolliSangolli RayannaRayannaRayanna. Rayanna...SheSheShe waswaswas ultimatelyultimatelyultimatelyimprisonedimprisonedimprisoned forforfor lifelifelife atatat thethethe BailhongalBailhongalBailhongal fortfortfort wherewherewhere shesheshe eventuallyeventuallyeventuallydieddieddied. died...SheSheShe famouslyfamouslyfamously said,said,said, “Why“Why“Why shouldshouldshould III paypaypay youyouyou taxtaxtax?Are?Are?Are youyouyou mymymy brother,brother,brother, sister,sister,sister, relativerelativerelative ororor aaa friend?”friend?”friend?”

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 47 Life Incident Gandhiji SSoonoon afterafterafter Gandhi'sGandhi'sGandhi's returnreturnreturn fromfromfrom SouthSouthSouth Africa,Africa,Africa, aaa meetingmeetingmeetingofofof thethethe CongressCongressCongress waswaswas heldheldheld ininin BombayBombayBombay. Bombay...KakaKakaKaka SahebSahebSaheb KalelkarKalelkarKalelkarwentwentwent theretherethere tototo helphelphelp. help...OneOneOneOnedaydayday KakaKakaKaka SahebSahebSaheb foundfoundfound GandhijiGandhijiGandhijianxiouslyanxiouslyanxiously searchingsearchingsearching aroundaroundaround hishishis deskdeskdesk. desk..."What's"What's"What's"What'sthethethe matter?matter?matter?WhatWhatWhat areareare youyouyou lookinglookinglooking for?"for?"for?" KakaKakaKaka SahebSahebSaheb askedaskedasked. asked..."I've"I've"I've"I've lostlostlostmymymy pencil,"pencil,"pencil," GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji answeredansweredanswered. answered..."It"It"It waswaswas onlyonlyonly sososo bigbigbig. big..."Kaka"Kaka"Kaka"Kaka SahebSahebSahebwaswaswas upsetupsetupset tototo seeseesee GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji wastingwastingwasting timetimetime andandand worryingworryingworrying aboutaboutaboutaaa littlelittlelittle pencilpencilpencil. pencil...HeHeHe tooktooktook outoutout hishishis pencilpencilpencil andandand offeredofferedoffered ititit tototo himhimhim.him..."No"No"No"No,,,,no,no,no, III wantwantwant mymymy ownownown littlelittlelittle pencil,"pencil,"pencil," GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji insistedinsistedinsisted likelikelikeaaa stubbornstubbornstubborn childchildchild. child..."Well"Well"Well"Well,,,,useuseuse ititit forforfor thethethe timetimetime being,"being,"being," saidsaidsaid KakaKakaKakaSahebSahebSaheb. Saheb..."I'll"I'll"I'll findfindfind youryouryour pencilpencilpencil laterlaterlater. later...Don'tDon'tDon't wastewastewaste timetimetime lookinglookinglookingforforfor ititit nownownow. now...““““ "No,"No,"No,no,no,no, III wantwantwant mymymy ownownown littlelittlelittle pencil,"pencil,"pencil," GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji insistedinsistedinsistedlikelikelike aaa stubbornstubbornstubborn childchildchild. child..."Well"Well"Well"Well,,,,useuseuse ititit forforfor thethethe timetimetime being,"being,"being," saidsaidsaidKakaKakaKaka SahebSahebSaheb. Saheb..."I'll"I'll"I'll findfindfind youryouryour pencilpencilpencil laterlaterlater. later...Don'tDon'tDon't wastewastewaste timetimetime lookinglookinglookingforforfor ititit nownownow. now...""You""You""You""Youdon'tdon'tdon't understandunderstandunderstand. understand...ThatThatThat littlelittlelittle pencilpencilpencil isisis veryveryverypreciouspreciousprecious tototo me,"me,"me," GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji insistedinsistedinsisted. insisted...""""Natesan'sNatesan'sNatesan'sNatesan'slittlelittlelittle sonsonson gavegavegaveititit tototo mememe ininin MadrasMadrasMadras. Madras...HeHeHe gavegavegave ititit withwithwith sososo muchmuchmuch lovelovelove andandand affectionaffectionaffection.affection...IIIIcannotcannotcannot bearbearbear tototo loseloselose ititit. it..."Kaka"Kaka"Kaka"KakaSahebSahebSaheb didn'tdidn'tdidn't argueargueargue anyanyanymoremoremore. more...HeHeHe joinedjoinedjoined GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji ininin thethethe searchsearchsearch. search...AtAtAtAtlastlastlast theytheythey foundfoundfound ititit--- aaa tinytinytiny piece,piece,piece, barelybarelybarely twotwotwo inchesinchesinches longlonglong. long...ButButBut GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji waswaswas delighteddelighteddelightedtototo getgetget ititit backbackback. back...ToToTo himhimhim ititit waswaswas nonono ordinaryordinaryordinary pencilpencilpencil. pencil...ItItIt waswaswasthethethe tokentokentoken ofofof aaa child'schild'schild's lovelovelove andandand tototo GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji aaa child'schild'schild's lovelovelove waswaswasveryveryvery preciouspreciousprecious. precious...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 48 IMPORTANT EVENTS OF INDIAN FREEDOM STRUGGLE S.SUDHARSHAN THE DANDI MARCH /SALT SATHYA GRAHA -1930 VI ‘A’ TThehe DandiDandiDandimarch, also known as Salt SathyaGrahabegan on 12 March 1930 and was an important part of independence movement. It was a direct action of campaign for tax resistance and nonviolent protest against British salt monopoly in colonial India and triggered the wider civil disobedience movement.

KHILAFAT MOVEMENT-192000 FoForeignreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign clothes burnt. Merchants and traders refused to trade foreign goods.

INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY -1942 In October 194319431943,1943, Bose proclaimed the formation of theArziHukum atatat- at---eeee----AzadAzad Hind, or the Provisional Government of Free India (also known as Azad Hind or Free India). The INA was declared to be the army of Azad Hind.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 49 LIFE INCIDENT OF SARDAR VALLABAI PATEL

K.HARISH V-C A Atttthethethetheageageage ofofof 343434, 34,,,hishishis wifewifewife waswaswas veryveryvery illillill sososo hehehe admittedadmittedadmitted herherherininin hospitalhospitalhospital andandand wentwentwent tototo AhemdabadAhemdabadAhemdabad tototo fightfightfight aaa casecasecase ininin courtcourtcourt.court...WhileWhileWhile thethethe courtcourtcourt proceduresproceduresprocedures werewerewere goinggoinggoing on,on,on, hehehe gotgotgot aaa telegramtelegramtelegram.telegram...HeHeHe readreadread ititit andandand quietlyquietlyquietly keptkeptkept ititit ininin hishishis coatcoatcoat pocketpocketpocket andandand continuedcontinuedcontinuedwithwithwith thethethe proceedingsproceedingsproceedings. proceedings...AfterAfterAfter adjournmentadjournmentadjournment ofofof thethethe court,court,court,thethethe judgejudgejudge askedaskedasked him,him,him, “““What “WhatWhatWhatwaswaswas thatthatthat youyouyou gotgotgot duringduringduring thethethe proceedingsproceedingsproceedingsandandand interruptedinterruptedinterrupted thethethe courtcourtcourt” court”””????DidDidDid youyouyou getgetget anotheranotheranother evidenceevidenceevidenceininin thethethe case?case?case? HeHeHe calmlycalmlycalmly toldtoldtold him,him,him, “““No “NoNoNomymymy lordlordlord, lord,,,thethethe telegramtelegramtelegramconveyedconveyedconveyed thethethe demisedemisedemise ofofof mymymy wifewifewife” wife”””.... Now,Now,Now,III wouldwouldwould likelikelike tototo addaddadd oneoneone ofofof thethethe bestbestbest quotesquotesquotes ofofof PPPatel Patelatelatel:::: “““Work“WorkWorkWorkisisis worshipworshipworship butbutbut laughterlaughterlaughter isisis lifelifelife. life...AnyoneAnyoneAnyone whowhowho takestakestakeslifelifelife tootootoo seriouslyseriouslyseriously mustmustmust prepareprepareprepare himselfhimselfhimself forforfor aaa miserablemiserablemiserable existenceexistenceexistence.existence...AnyoneAnyoneAnyone whowhowho greetsgreetsgreets joysjoysjoys andandand sorrowssorrowssorrows withwithwith equalequalequal facilitiyfacilitiyfacilitiycancancan reallyreallyreally getgetget thethethe bestbestbest ofofof lifelifelife. life...””””

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 50 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 51 INCIDENT FROM THE LIFE OF MAHATMA GANDHI

S. SREENATH ThisThis incidentincidentincident occurredoccurredoccurred whenwhenwhen GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji waswaswas practisingpractisingpractising V-F lawlawlawininin thethethe citycitycity ofofof JohannesburgJohannesburgJohannesburg ininin SouthSouthSouth AfricaAfricaAfrica. Africa...HisHisHis officeofficeoffice waswaswas threethreethreemilesmilesmiles fromfromfrom hishishis househousehouse. house...``` OneOneOne daydayday aaa colleaguecolleaguecolleague ofofof his,his,his, MrMrMr. Mr... PolakPolakPolak,Polak,,,askedaskedasked Gandhi'sGandhi'sGandhi's thirteenthirteenthirteen- thirteen---yearyearyearyearoldoldold son,son,son, ManilalManilalManilal tototo fetchfetchfetch aaa bookbookbookfromfromfrom thethethe officeofficeoffice. office...ButButBut ManilalManilalManilal completelycompletelycompletely forgotforgotforgot tilltilltill MrMrMr. Mr... PolakPolakPolakremindedremindedreminded himhimhim thatthatthat eveningeveningevening. evening...GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji heardheardheard aboutaboutabout ititit andandand sentsentsentforforfor ManilalManilalManilal. Manilal...HeHeHe saidsaidsaid, said,,,"Son,"Son,"Son, III knowknowknow thethethe nightnightnight isisis darkdarkdark andandand thethethe waywaywayisisis longlonglong andandand lonelylonelylonely. lonely...YouYouYou willwillwill havehavehave tototo walkwalkwalk nearlynearlynearly sixsixsix milesmilesmiles butbutbutyouyouyou gavegavegave youryouryour wordwordword tototo MrMrMr. Mr...PolakPolakPolak. Polak...YouYouYou promisedpromisedpromised tototo fetchfetchfetch hishishis bookbookbook.book...GoGoGo andandand fetchfetchfetch ititit nownownow. now...““““BaBaBa andandand thethethe familyfamilyfamily werewerewere upsetupsetupset whenwhenwhen theytheytheyheardheardheard ofofof Gandhi'sGandhi'sGandhi's decisiondecisiondecision. decision...TheTheThe punishmentpunishmentpunishment seemedseemedseemed farfarfar tootootoo severeseveresevere.severe...ManilalManilalManilal waswaswas onlyonlyonly aaa child,child,child, thethethe nightnightnight waswaswas darkdarkdark andandand thethethe waywaywaylonelylonelylonely. lonely...HeHeHe hadhadhad onlyonlyonly forgottenforgottenforgotten aaa bookbookbook afterafterafter allallall. all...ItItIt couldcouldcould bebebe broughtbroughtbroughtthethethe nextnextnext daydayday. day...ThisThisThis waswaswas whatwhatwhat theytheythey allallall felt,felt,felt, butbutbut nonono oneoneone hadhadhadthethethe couragecouragecourage tototo saysaysay anythinganythinganything. anything...TheyTheyThey knewknewknew thatthatthat onceonceonce Gandhiji'sGandhiji'sGandhiji's mindmindmindwaswaswas mademademade up,up,up, nobodynobodynobody couldcouldcould changechangechange ititit. it...AtAtAt lastlastlast KalyanKalyanKalyan BhaiBhaiBhai pluckedpluckedpluckedupupup couragecouragecourage. courage...""""I'llI'llI'llI'llfetchfetchfetch thethethe book,"book,"book," hehehe offeredofferedoffered. offered...GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji waswaswasgentlegentlegentle butbutbut firm,firm,firm, "But"But"But thethethe promisepromisepromise waswaswas mademademade bybyby ManilalManilalManilal.Manilal...""Very""Very""Very""Verywell,well,well, ManilalManilalManilal willwillwill gogogo butbutbut letletlet mememe gogogo withwithwith him,"him,"him," KalyanKalyanKalyanBhaiBhaiBhai pleadedpleadedpleaded. pleaded...GandhijiGandhijiGandhiji agreedagreedagreed tototo thisthisthis andandand ManilalManilalManilal setsetset offoffoffwithwithwith KalyanKalyanKalyan BhaiBhaiBhai tototo fetchfetchfetch thethethe bookbookbook. book...TheTheThe kindkindkind andandand gentlegentlegentle GandhijiGandhijiGandhijicouldcouldcould bebebe firmfirmfirm asasas ananan oakoakoak atatat timestimestimes. times...HeHeHe sawsawsaw thatthatthat ManilalManilalManilal keptkeptkepthishishis wordwordword andandand diddiddid asasas hehehe hadhadhad promisedpromisedpromised. promised...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 52 ASHWITA.C XI C

• IndiaIndiaIndia hashashas onlyonlyonly 777 taxpayerstaxpayerstaxpayers forforfor everyeveryevery 100100100 voters!voters!voters! • IndiaIndiaIndia’India’’’ssssDemographicDemographicDemographic DividendDividendDividend willwillwill lastlastlast longerlongerlonger (for(for(foraroundaroundaround 454545 years)years)years) • AsAsAsaaa percentpercentpercent ofofof GDP,GDP,GDP, IndiaIndiaIndia tradestradestrades moremoremore thanthanthan China!,China!,China!, • ThereThereThereisisis aaa bigbigbig UnexploitedUnexploitedUnexploited PropertyPropertyProperty TaxTaxTax potentialpotentialpotential ininin IndiaIndiaIndia • WorkWorkWork-Work---RelatedRelatedRelatedRelatedMigrationMigrationMigration hashashas increasedincreasedincreased sincesincesince 201120112011. 2011... • ThereThereThereareareare biasesbiasesbiases ininin perceptionperceptionperception withwithwith respectrespectrespect tototo ChinaChinaChina andandandIndiaIndiaIndia. India... • ThereThereThereisisis aaa bigbigbig shortfallshortfallshortfall ininin thethethe allocationallocationallocation ofofof fundsfundsfunds tototo manymanymanypoorpoorpoor districts!districts!districts!

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 53 Economic development in India after Independence

AnAn independentindependentindependent IndiaIndiaIndia waswaswas bequeathedbequeathedbequeathed aaa shatteredshatteredshattered economy,economy,economy, widespreadwidespreadwidespreadilliteracyilliteracyilliteracy andandand shockingshockingshocking povertypovertypoverty. poverty...EconomistsEconomistsEconomists dividedividedivide thethethe historyhistoryhistory ofofof IndiaIndiaIndia’India’’’sssseconomiceconomiceconomic growthgrowthgrowth intointointo twotwotwo phasesphasesphases ––– firstfirstfirst 454545 yearsyearsyears afterafterafter independenceindependenceindependence andandandalmostalmostalmost threethreethree decadesdecadesdecades ofofof freefreefree marketmarketmarket economyeconomyeconomy. economy...AmongAmongAmong thethethe majormajormajor factorsfactorsfactors thatthatthatdrovedrovedrove IndiaIndiaIndia’ India’’’sssseconomiceconomiceconomic growthgrowthgrowth followingfollowingfollowing thethethe economiceconomiceconomic reformsreformsreforms ofofof 199119911991 werewerewereincreasedincreasedincreased FDI,FDI,FDI, adoptionadoptionadoption informationinformationinformation technologytechnologytechnology andandand ananan increasedincreasedincreased domesticdomesticdomesticconsumptionconsumptionconsumption. consumption...Presently,Presently,Presently, thethethe servicesservicesservices sectorsectorsector employsemploysemploys 313131% 31%%%ofofof thethethe IndianIndianIndianworkforceworkforceworkforce andandand thisthisthis processprocessprocess ofofof developmentdevelopmentdevelopment startedstartedstarted backbackback ininin thethethe 198019801980s 1980sss.... InInInthethethe 606060s, 60s,s,s,thethethe sectorsectorsector employedemployedemployed onlyonlyonly 444. 4...5555%%%%ofofof thethethe workingworkingworking populationpopulationpopulation. population... AccordingAccordingAccordingtototo thethethe CentralCentralCentral StatisticalStatisticalStatistical Organization,Organization,Organization, thethethe servicesservicesservices sectorsectorsector accountedaccountedaccountedforforfor aroundaroundaround 545454% 54%%%ofofof IndianIndianIndian GDPGDPGDP ininin 201820182018 andandand thethethe figurefigurefigure continuescontinuescontinues tototo growgrowgrow.grow...SinceSinceSince 195019501950s, 1950s,s,s,thethethe progressprogressprogress ininin agricultureagricultureagriculture hashashas beenbeenbeen somewhatsomewhatsomewhat steadysteadysteady. steady...TheTheThe sectorsectorsectorgrewgrewgrew atatat aboutaboutabout 111 percentpercentpercent perperper annumannumannum ininin thethethe firstfirstfirst halfhalfhalf ofofof thethethe 202020th 20ththth centurycenturycentury.century...ExpansionExpansionExpansion ofofof farmingfarmingfarming areaareaarea andandand introductionintroductionintroduction ofofof highhighhigh- high---yieldingyieldingyielding varietiesvarietiesvarietiesofofof cropscropscrops werewerewere thethethe majormajormajor factorsfactorsfactors ofofof growthgrowthgrowth ininin agriculturalagriculturalagricultural productionproductionproduction. production... TheTheThesectorsectorsector couldcouldcould managemanagemanage tototo endendend dependencydependencydependency ononon importedimportedimported foodfoodfood grainsgrainsgrains. grains...ItItIt hashashas progressedprogressedprogressedbothbothboth ininin termstermsterms ofofof yieldyieldyield andandand structuralstructuralstructural changeschangeschanges. changes...Moreover,Moreover,Moreover, thethethe totaltotaltotal lengthlengthlengthofofof thethethe countrycountrycountry’ country’’’ssssnationalnationalnational highwayshighwayshighways hashashas increasedincreasedincreased fromfromfrom 242424, 24,,,000000000000kmkmkm (((1947(194719471947----69696969))))tototo 969696, 96,,,214214214214kmkmkm ... GovernmentalGovernmentalGovernmental effortseffortsefforts havehavehave ledledled tototo thethethe expansionexpansionexpansion ofofof thethethenetworknetworknetwork ofofof StateStateState highwayshighwayshighways andandand majormajormajor districtdistrictdistrict roads,roads,roads, whichwhichwhich ininin turnturnturn hashashas directlydirectlydirectlycontributedcontributedcontributed tototo industrialindustrialindustrial growthgrowthgrowth. growth...TheTheThe numbernumbernumber ofofof schoolsschoolsschools witnessedwitnessedwitnessed aaa dramaticdramaticdramaticincreaseincreaseincrease duringduringduring thethethe postpostpost- post---independenceindependenceindependenceindependenceeraeraera. era...TheTheThe ParliamentParliamentParliament mademademade elementaryelementaryelementaryeducationeducationeducation aaa fundamentalfundamentalfundamental rightrightright forforfor childrenchildrenchildren ininin thethethe ageageage groupgroupgroup ofofof 666- 6---14141414 yearsyearsyearsbybyby passingpassingpassing thethethe 868686th 86thththamendmentamendmentamendment tototo thethethe ConstitutionConstitutionConstitution ininin 200220022002. 2002...TheTheThe GovernmentGovernmentGovernmentlaunchedlaunchedlaunched thethethe SarvaSarvaSarva SikshaSikshaSiksha AbhiyanAbhiyanAbhiyan ininin 200120012001 tototo ensureensureensure educationeducationeducation forforforthethethe childrenchildrenchildren fromfromfrom 666 tototo 141414 yearsyearsyears. years...AAAAdecreasedecreasedecrease ininin deathdeathdeath ratesratesrates isisis consideredconsideredconsidered oneoneone ofofofthethethe majormajormajor achievementsachievementsachievements thatthatthat camecamecame IndiaIndiaIndia’ India’’’sssswaywayway ininin thisthisthis sectorsectorsector. sector...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 54 Development in Medical and Research after independence

Nivedhithaa. S XI-B2

T heheT GovernmentGovernment Government ofofof IndiaIndiaIndia establishedestablishedestablished aaaCentralCentralCentral CouncilCouncilCouncil forforfor ResearchResearchResearch ininin IndianIndianIndian MedicineMedicineMedicine andandand HomeopathyHomeopathyHomeopathy(CCRIMH)(CCRIMH)(CCRIMH) ininin 196919691969 tototo promotepromotepromote systematicsystematicsystematic scientificscientificscientificresearchresearchresearch ininin differentdifferentdifferent IndiaIndiaIndia systemssystemssystems ofofof medicinemedicinemedicine namelynamelynamelyAyurveda,Ayurveda,Ayurveda, UnaniUnaniUnani, Unani,,,Siddha,Siddha,Siddha, Homeopathy,Homeopathy,Homeopathy, YogaYogaYoga andandandNaturopathyNaturopathyNaturopathy. Naturopathy...ResearchResearchResearch andandand developmentdevelopmentdevelopment ininin UnaniUnaniUnani medicinemedicinemedicineisisis bybyby andandand largelargelarge ininin thethethe handshandshands ofofof CentralCentralCentral CouncilCouncilCouncil forforforUnaniUnaniUnani MedicineMedicineMedicine. Medicine... IndiaIndia contributescontributescontributes tototo 151515% 15%%%ofofof thethethe maternalmaternalmaternaldeathsdeathsdeaths. deaths...TheTheThe MMRMMRMMR steeplysteeplysteeply declineddeclineddeclined fromfromfrom 194019401940s1940ssstototo 201520152015. 2015...AlthoughAlthoughAlthough thethethe IMRIMRIMR (Infant(Infant(Infant MortalityMortalityMortality Rate)Rate)Rate)hashashas decreaseddecreaseddecreased butbutbut failedfailedfailed tototo beatbeatbeat thethethe neighbouringneighbouringneighbouring countriescountriescountries.countries...OnlyOnlyOnly 626262% 62%%%ofofof thethethe IndianIndianIndian childrenchildrenchildren areareare fullyfullyfully immunizedimmunizedimmunized.immunized...IndiaIndiaIndia isisis thethethe globalglobalglobal rankrankrank 111 forforfor TuberculosisTuberculosisTuberculosis (TB)(TB)(TB).(TB)... Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 55 S.SANIYA PANWAR XI- B2

TheThe tabletabletable givengivengiven aboveaboveabove showsshowsshows thethethe picturepicturepicture ofofof healthhealthhealth infrastructureinfrastructureinfrastructureininin IndiaIndiaIndia sincesincesince 195119511951. 1951...ItItIt showsshowsshows thatthatthat numbernumbernumber ofofof doctorsdoctorsdoctors hashashasincreasedincreasedincreased bybyby nineninenine timestimestimes. times...ButButBut dueduedue tototo thethethe growthgrowthgrowth ofofof population,population,population, thethetheaverageaverageaverage numbernumbernumber ofofof doctorsdoctorsdoctors perperper tententen thousandthousandthousand populationpopulationpopulation hashashas increasedincreasedincreasedonlyonlyonly bybyby threethreethree timestimestimes. times...HospitalHospitalHospital bedsbedsbeds perperper tententen thousandthousandthousand populationpopulationpopulationhashashas increasedincreasedincreased fromfromfrom 333. 3...2222tototo 999. 9...3333....((((1950195019501950----51515151tototo 199919991999- 1999---2000200020002000)))).... NoNoNo.No...ofofof hospitalshospitalshospitals andandand dispensariesdispensariesdispensaries havehavehave increasedincreasedincreased bybyby moremoremore thanthanthan 777 timestimestimes.times...TheTheThe numbernumbernumber ofofof paraparapara medicalmedicalmedical workersworkersworkers hashashas increasedincreasedincreased manymanymany timestimestimes.times...InInIn 195019501950- 1950---51515151,,,,theretherethere werewerewere 725725725 PrimaryPrimaryPrimary HealthHealthHealth CentresCentresCentres andandand ininin 199919991999,1999,,,thesethesethese roseroserose tototo 222222, 22,,,446446446446....WithWithWith thethethe aboveaboveabove saidsaidsaid growthgrowthgrowth ininin healthhealthhealth infrastructure, thethethe deathdeathdeath rateraterate perperper thousandthousandthousand populationpopulationpopulation hashashas declineddeclineddeclined fromfromfrom272727. 27...4444ininin 195119511951 tototo 888. 8...7777ininin 200020002000. 2000...SimilarlySimilarlySimilarly InfantInfantInfant MortalityMortalityMortality RateRateRate (IMR)(IMR)(IMR)hashashas declineddeclineddeclined fromfromfrom 183183183 perperper thousandthousandthousand tototo 707070 perperper thousandthousandthousand ininin 200020002000.2000...TheTheThe lifelifelife expectancyexpectancyexpectancy ofofof ananan averageaverageaverage IndianIndianIndian waswaswas 333333 yearsyearsyears ininin 195119511951whichwhichwhich increasedincreasedincreased tototo 636363. 63...5555yearsyearsyears ininin 200120012001. 2001...SimilarlySimilarlySimilarly birthbirthbirth rateraterate hashashas declineddeclineddeclinedfromfromfrom 393939. 39...9999perperper thousandthousandthousand ininin 195119511951 tototo 262626. 26...1111perperper thousandthousandthousand ininin 200020002000.2000...Communicable diseasesdiseasesdiseases havehavehave beenbeenbeen controlledcontrolledcontrolled tototo aaa considerableconsiderableconsiderable extentextentextent.extent...ThusThusThus IndiaIndiaIndia hashashas rapidlyrapidlyrapidly developeddevelopeddeveloped ininin thethethe fieldfieldfield ofofof medicinemedicinemedicine. medicine... Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 56 Jyothilalitha XI- B1

BasicBasicBasic infrastructureinfrastructureinfrastructure ininin thethethe formformform ofofof PrimaryPrimaryPrimaryHealthHealthHealth CareCareCare Services,Services,Services, hashashas beenbeenbeen providedprovidedprovided ininin urbanurbanurban andandand ruralruralruralareasareasareas. areas...ThisThisThis includesincludesincludes primaryprimaryprimary healthhealthhealth carecarecare servicesservicesservices likelikelike childchildchild healthhealthhealthcarecarecare servicesservicesservices andandand familyfamilyfamily welfarewelfarewelfare servicesservicesservices. services...SpecializedSpecializedSpecialized healthhealthhealthcarecarecare servicesservicesservices areareare providedprovidedprovided throughthroughthrough hospitalshospitalshospitals ininin urbanurbanurban areasareasareas.areas...ToToTo controlcontrolcontrol communicablecommunicablecommunicable diseasesdiseasesdiseases likelikelike Malaria,Malaria,Malaria, TuberculosisTuberculosisTuberculosisandandand AIDSAIDSAIDS etcetcetc. etc...,,,,manymanymany nationalnationalnational programmesprogrammesprogrammes havehavehave beenbeenbeenstartedstartedstarted. started...SmallSmallSmall poxpoxpox waswaswas aaa deadlydeadlydeadly diseasediseasedisease. disease...IndiaIndiaIndia hadhadhad eradicatederadicatederadicatedthisthisthis diseasediseasedisease fromfromfrom thethethe countrycountrycountry sincesincesince AprilAprilApril 197719771977. 1977...ItItIt waswaswas aaabigbigbig achievementachievementachievement ofofof healthhealthhealth carecarecare programmeprogrammeprogramme. programme...

"""Thus,"Thus,Thus,Thus,IndiaIndiaIndia afterafterafter independenceindependenceindependence hashashas developeddevelopeddeveloped aaa lotlotlot andandandnownownow it'sit'sit's competingcompetingcompeting withwithwith otherotherother mostmostmost developeddevelopeddeveloped countriescountriescountries andandand achievingachievingachievinggreatergreatergreater heightsheightsheights daydayday bybyby daydayday. day...We,We,We, thethethe students,students,students, beingbeingbeing thethethe futurefuturefutureofofof India,India,India, mustmustmust contributecontributecontribute ooour ourururdutydutyduty towardstowardstowards thethethe developmentdevelopmentdevelopmentofofof ourourour countrycountrycountry ..." ."""

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 57 C.SWARSHIKA

VII D. Matangini Hazra

Matangini Hazra was known as Gandhi Buri. Matangini always participated in protests against the British Raj and was jailed a couple of times. As a part of the Quit India Movement, Hazra, who was 72 years at the time, led a procession of six thousand supporters, mostly women volunteers, with the purpose of taking over the Tamluk police station. When the procession reached the outskirts of the town, they were ordered to disband under Section 144 of the Indian Penal Code. As she was repeatedly shot, she kept chanting “Vande Mataram,". She died with the flag of the Indian National Congress held high and still flying. TRIBUTES TO HAZRA

In 1977, the first statue in the Kolkata Maidan dedicated to a woman revolutionary was that of Matangini Hazra. In 2002, India Post issued a series of commemorative stamps on the 60th anniversary of the Quit India Movement, a Rs 5 stamp featuring Matangini Hazra’s portrait.

The statue at Maidan shows Matangini Hazra standing tall, the flag resting on one shoulder, her right palm balled into a tight fist, her determination to fight for the cause she believed in, more visible on her face than the lines and creases of age.

A fitting reminder of her remarkable story.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 58 SinceSinceSince 194719471947 IndiaIndiaIndia hashashas achievedachievedachieved tremendoustremendoustremendous progressprogressprogressininin raisingraisingraising growth,growth,growth, incomeincomeincome levelslevelslevels andandand standardsstandardsstandards ofofoflivinglivingliving. living...TheTheThe grossgrossgross domesticdomesticdomestic productproductproduct increasedincreasedincreased fromfromfrom RsRsRs...2 .222,,,939 ,939939939billionbillionbillion duringduringduring 195019501950 ---51 -515151tototo RsRsRs. Rs...565656, 56,,,330330330 billionbillionbillionduringduringduring 201120112011 ---12 -121212....InInIn 201820182018 ---19 -191919,,,,IndiaIndiaIndia’ India’’’ssssGDPGDPGDP waswaswasvaluedvaluedvalued atatat ananan estimatedestimatedestimated RsRsRs. Rs...1111,,,40 ,404040,,,,776776776 billionbillionbillion. billion... TheTheTheperperper capitacapitacapita incomeincomeincome increasedincreasedincreased ininin realrealreal termstermsterms despitedespitedespite aaa significantsignificantsignificantincreaseincreaseincrease ininin thethethe populationpopulationpopulation ofofof thethethe countrycountrycountry ...

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 59 An athlete is a person with the gift of an undying passion to be the best and achieve greatness.

Our VidyalayaVidyalayaVidyalayatakes immense pride in the jubilant accomplishment of S. MithileshMithileshMithileshKumar who secured Gold Medal in Triple Jump ( Under 181818)18) with his personal best of 15.07 metresmetresmetresin 363636thtththh NatiNationalonal Junior Athletic Meet, Guwahati, AssamAssamAssam,Assam, which was held on 888thththth FebrFebruary,uary, 2021 and also bagged Silver Medal in Triple Jump in South Zone Junior Championship held in Kerala on 282828thththth February,February, 202120212021.2021. This young aspirant has the vision to become a champion who is ready to bend over, drench in sweat and conquer all the hindrances on his path. With a mammoth expectation of our school, he would create history in Olympics of future era.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 60 Awards and Appreciation

On 121212thththth FebrFebruary,uary, 202120212021,2021, VGN Chinmaya Vidyalaya organized an Inter school online exposition –––“– “““ChinmayamChinmayam AlapaAlapaAlapa” Alapa” , themed on ‘‘‘Knowledge‘Knowledge Tradition Practices of IndiaIndia’’’’.. N. AdithyaAdithyaAdithyaPaiPaiPai & V. Parthasarathy of StdStdStd IX participated in the competition and received III prizeprize....

S. HansikaHansikaHansikaof stdstdstdV received the State Award from the State Officials at State Headquarters on the occasion of “““Thinking“Thinking Day CelebrationCelebration”” on 222222ndnndndd FebrFebruary,uary, 202120212021.2021.

B.B. Tiyashruthika of StdStdStd VII participated in SwachhSwachhSwachhBharathBharathBharath Art Excellence National Award for Handwriting competition held on 26thtththh FebrFebruary,uary, 2021.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 61 Awards and Appreciation

R.R. V. AmirthaAmirthaAmirthaof StdStdStdVII secured III prize on ‘‘‘Art‘Art Integrated Competition ––– Serenity of Kashmir in TamilnaduTamilnadu’’ conducted by West Cluster Sahodaya Schools on 272727thththth February,February, 202120212021.2021.

CCC.C. S. RohitRohitRohitKumar of StdStdStdXII bagged II Prize in 111M1M Spring Board and III prize in 333M3M Spring Board organized by Tamilnadu State Aquatic Association.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 62 S.Pranav Ram III-C கர்ம ரர் காமராசர் தல் வராக இந்த ேநரம் நகர் வந்தார். ேலாசனா நாடார் ெதல் வத் வந்த அம்மா வகாயம்மாைளப் ேபாய்ப் பார்த்தார். ‘ஒ ன் ேவண்ம் ‘ என் தாயார் காமராசரிடம் ேகட்டேபா, ‘ உனக் எதற்கம்மா ன்? ைக ேபாம் ’ என் ட்டார். காமராசர் தலைமச்சராக இந்தேபா, அவர தாயார் வகாயம்மாம் தங்ைக நாகம்ைமம் ெதக்ேகால் தண்ணீர்ப் க்ம்ேபா உள்ளாட்த்ைற அைமச்சராக இந்த மத் பார்த்ட்டார், ‘என்ன! ஒ தலைமச்சரின் ம்பத்ைதச் ேசர்ந்தவர்கள் ெதல் வந் தண்ணீர் ப்பதா? என் காமராசர் ட்க்ள்ேளேய ழாையப் ேபாட் ட்டார்கள் . இ எப்பேயா காமராசக்த் ெதரிந்ட்ட. உடேன 24 மணி ேநரத்ற்ள் ட்ல் உள்ள ழாைய அகற்ற ேவண்ம் என உத்தரட்டார். ழாய் அகற்றப்பட்ட. ‘எவ்வளேவா ேபர் ெதல் தண்ணீர்ப் க்ம்ேபா நமக் மட்ம் எதற் இந்தச் சைக’ ேதைவல்ைல என் னார். மற்ெறா சமயம் காமராசரிடம் தைலைமச் ெசயலாளர் ெமவாக,” அம்மாக்க் ெகாக்ற உதத் ெதாைகையக் ெகாஞ்சம் உயர்த்க் ெகாக்ம்ப அம்மா ேகட்றார்” என்றார். அதற்க் காமராசர் “அந்த அம்மாக் 120 பாய் ேபாதாதா? அகமாக ெகாத்தால் ேகால் ளம் என் த்தத் ெதாடங்வாங்க” என்றார். “அ இல்ங்க ஐயா, தல்வேராட அம்மா என்பதால் அக்க யாராவ ட்க் வறார்கள் . அவர்கக் ஏதாவ வாங்க் ெகாக்க பணம் ேபாதைல” என் அம்மா யதாக தைலைமச் ெசயலாளர் பல் உைரத்தார்.அதற் காமராசர் “வர்றவங்கக் நம்ம ட்ல இக்றத ெகாத்தா ேபாதாதா? இந்த அம்மா எக் கா ெகாத் வாங்க் ெகாக்கம் ?” என்றார். இ தாய் வகா அம்மாள் , தனக் ெகாக்ம் 120 பாைய 150 பாயாக உயர்த்ம்ப ேகட்டதற் காமராசர் அளித்த பல் . இப்பப்பட்ட உன்னதமான ேநர்ைமயான இன்ெனா தைலவைரத் தழக வரலா மட்மல்ல உலக வரலாம் இனி சந்க்மா? என்ப சந்ேதகம் . Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 63 ப.ேயாேகஷ்வர் 4 ‘ ஈ’

ஆங்ேலேய அரக்ச் ம்ம ெசாப்பனமாக ளங் ய ரபாண்ய கட்டெபாம்மனின் தம் ஊைமத்ைரடம் ேபார் பைடயாளனாக இந்தவன் ‘வசம்’ ஆங்ேலயடன் கம் ேபார் ைளந்த ஒ தணத்ல் ஊைமத்ைர பகாயற்றார்.

தன்மகன் வசம்ைவக் காண அவன் தாய் ேபார்க்களம் வந்தாள் . “ற்ம் ைலமாக இக்ம் தன்ைனக் காப்பைத ட ஊைமத்ைரன் உர்க்காக்கப்பட்டால் தான் நாட்ற் நன்ைம” எனச் வசம் அம்மாடம் னான் .

நாட்ன் நலம் க்யம் எனக்கய அந்தத்தாய் தான் ஈன்ெறத்த மகைன த் ஊைமத்ைரையத் தன்டன் அைழத்ப் ேபாய் ச்ைச ெசய்தாள் . ஆங்லப்பைட அங்ம் வந்த. சமேயாதமாகச் சட்ெடன ெவள்ளாைடயால் ஊைமத்ைர உடைல ஒப்பாரி ைவத்தார். ெபரியம்ைம கண் தன்ள்ைள மாண்டதாக ஆங்ேலயரிடம் னார்.

ேநாய்த்ெதாற் ஏற்பம் எனக்க ஆங்ேலயர் அகன்றனர். இச்வசம் என்ம் ரன் சாம்பவர் எனம் வழங்கப்பபவர் ஆவார்.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 64 .அனன்யா 5 அ

ப்ர் மரன் இந்ய தைலப் ேபாராட்டத் யா ஆவார். இவர் ஈேரா மாவட்டத்ல் உள்ள ெசன்னி மைலல் றந்தவர். 1932 ஆம் ஆண் சட்டமப் இயக்கம் ண்ம் ெதாடங்ய ேபா தழகம் வம் அறப்ேபாராட்டம் பரய ேநரத்ல் ப்ரில் ேதசப்பந் இைளஞர் மன்ற உப்னர்கள் நடத்ய மயல் ேபாராட்டத்ல் ரமாகப் பங் ெகாண், 1932 சனவரி 10 ஆம் ேதயன் ைகல் ேதயக் ெகாைன ஏந், ெதாண்டர் பைடக்த் தைலைம ஏற், அணிவத்ச் ெசன்ற ேபா காவலர்களால் தாக்கப்பட் ைகல் இந்ய ேதயக்ெகாைய ஏந்யப மயங் ந்தார்.

ன் னர் மத்வமைனல் அமக்கப்பட், சனவரி 11 இல் உர் றந்தார். இதனால் இவர் "ெகா காத்த மரன் ” என் ம் அைழக்கப்பறார்.

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 65 . ரா. ேகாைத 6 இ

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 66 ெவ .ேலாத்ேமஷ் 7- ஈ

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 67 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 68 த்ேதவன்

நந்க்கா. X -அ

த்ேதவன் {1715-1767} ெநற்கட்டான் ெசவ்வைலத் தைலைமடமாகக் ெகாண் ஆண் வந்த பாைளயக்காரராவார். இந்ய தைல வரலாற்ல் ெவள்ைளயேன ெவளிேய என் தன் தலாக 1751 ஆம் ஆண்ல் ரழக்கட்டவர். இதனால் இந்யான் தல் தைலப் ேபார் எனக் கதப்பம் ப்பாய்க்கலகத்ற்ம் {1857} ன்ேனாயாகக் கதப்பறார்.

றப்:

த்ேதவர் 1-9-1715 இல் த்ரத்ரத் ேதவ வஞான நாச்யாக்ம் தல்வராகப் றந்தார். இயற்ெபயர், 'காத்தப்பப் த்ேதவர்' என் பதாம். 'த்ேதவர்' என்ம் அைழக்கலானர்.

தைலப் ேபாராட்டத்ல் பங் :

1755 ஆம் ஆண் கர்னல் ேரான் (கர்னல் அெலக்ஸாண்டர் ெஹரான் ) தம் ேகாட்ைடைய ற்ைகட் கப்பம் கட்ட கட்டாயப்பத்ய ேபா தன்ைடய நிலப்பல் வக்ம் உரிைம ெவள்ைளயர் எவக்ம் ைடயா என ரழக்கட் ெவள்ைளயைன ரட்யத் தல் ெவற் ெபற்றார். 1765 அக்ேடாபர் மாதம் வாேதவ நல்ர் ேகாட்ைடையத் தாக்ய ேகப்டன் ெபரிட்சன் த்ேதவனிடம் ேதாற்றார். 1760 ஆம் ஆண் கான் ெநற்கட்ம் ெசவல் ேகாட்ைடையத் தாக்ய ேபாம் , அவற்ைற யத் ெவற் ெகாண்டார். 1766 ஆம் ஆண் ெதாடர்ந் ஆங்ேலயரிடம் தைலைமத் தளப ெபாப் ேபற்ந்தவம், ெகாரமான ேபார் ைறக்ம் ெபயர் ெபற்றவமாய கான்சாப்வால் த்ேதவைர ஆரம்பத்ல் ெவல்ல யாத ெநக்கயான ழ்நிைலம் ட ஆங்ேலயக் எரான ேபார் என்ன்ற வைகல் உதவ வந்த டச்க்காரர்கள் மற்ம் ெரஞ்க்காரர்களின் உதையம் த்ேதவர் மத்ட்டார்.

நிைன மாளிைக

தழ்நா அர ெநல்ேவ மாவட்டம் வரி வட்டம் பள்ள ெநல்கட்ம் ெசவல் எம் ஊரில் த்ேதவன் நிைன மாளிைக, மண

மண்டபம் அைமத்ள்ள Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 69 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 70 தந்ரத்ற்ப் ன் பாரதத்ல் ெதால் வளர்ச் ெபாளாதார வளர்ச்: ஐ. சாதனா நம் நாட்ல் இந் வந்த ஏற்றத்தாழ்கைள12 நீக்ம் உ ெபாட் தந்ர இந்யால் இவைர பேனா ஐந்தாண் ட்டங்கள் ேபாடப்பட்ள்ளன இதன் பயனாக தைலக்ப் ன் தழகத்ல் ேவளாண்ைமம் கனரக ெதாம் வளர்ச் ஏற்பட்ள்ள ேமம் மத்ய அர நிவனங்கள் பல நிவப்பட்டன இைவகைளத் தர ன்ற்பத் ேபாக்வரத் ேபான்ற ைறகள் நன் வளர்ச்டன காணப்பட்டன.

ேவளாண்ைம வளர்ச்: ேவளாண்ைமேய ெபாளாதார அைமப்ன் அப்பைடயாகம் இந்ய மக்களின் தன்ைமத் ெதாலாகம் ளங்ற தழகத்ைதப் ெபாத்தமட்ல் தஞ்ைச ச் ெநல்ைல தய பகள் ேவளாண்ைமல் றப்டன் ளங்ன்றன ஆனால் தழகத்ல் உள்ள ேவ ல பகள் ெதாடர்ந் வறட்யால் பாக்கப்பட்ள்ளன இந்யா தைல அைடந்த ற பவானிசாகர் அைண 1956 அமராவ அைண 1957 மணித்தா அைண 1958 சாத்தர் அைண 1958 ெபஞ்சாணி அைண 1958 ைவைக அைண 1959 ஆயா அைண 1962 ேசர்வலா அைண 1985 ேபான்ற ெபரிய அைணக்கட்கள் தழகத்ல் கட்டப்பட்டன.

தல் ஐந்தாண் ட்டத்ல் ேவளாண்ைம ட்டங்கக் பாய் 9.37 ேகாம் , இரண்டாவ ட்ட காலத்ல் பாய் 50.02 ேகாம் , ன்றாவ ட்டத்ல் 50 .72 ேகாம் நான்காவ ட்ட காலத்ல் பாய் 93.48 ேகா ஒக்கப்பட்ட.

ெதால் வளர்ச்: ேவளாண்ைம தன்ைம ெதாலாக ளங்ய ேபாம் அல் க அகமான மக்கள் ஈபட்ட ேபாம் ைறந்த க்கா மக்கேள ேவளாண்ைம அல்லாத ற ெதால்களில் ஈபட் இந்தனர். அத்ெதால்கைளக் கனரகத் ெதால்கள் , ெதால்கள் , நத்தர ெதால்கள் என் ரிக்கலாம். ெநச ஆைலகேள ெபம் ெதால் டமாக ளங் வந்த நிைல மா ெமண்ட், உரம் , ேபாக்வரத் வண்கள் , டயர் உற்பத் ெசய்ம் ெதால்கள் ெபன.

மத்ய அர நிவனங்கள் : தந்ரத்ற்ப் ன் தழகத்ல் மார் பத்ற்ம் ேமற்பட்ட மத்ய அர நிவனங்கள் ெதாடங்கப்பட்டன. அவற்ள் இைணப் ெபட் ெதாற்சாைல, ெநய்ேவ பப் நிலக்கரி நிவனம், இந்ஸ்தான் ெட ரிண்டர்ஸ் ெடட், இந்ஸ்தான் ேபாட்ேடா ம், பாரத கனரக ெதாற்சாைல, உரத்ெதாற்சாைல, எண்ெணய் த்தகரிப் நிைலயம் . எண்ர், ேசலம் ேபான்ற இடங்களில் எங் ெதாற்சாைல, ஆவ டாங்க் ெதாற்சாைல, ப்பாக் ெதாற்சாைல ஆயன ப்டத்தக்கைவ. ன் உற்பத்: ெதால் வளர்ச்க் ன்வச இன்யைமயாத. தந்ரத்ற்ப் ன் தழகத்ல் 1947-இல் ேபன் ரிட்ஜ் அனல்ன் நிைலயம் , 1948இல் ேமட்ர் நீர்ன் நிைலயம், 1957இல் தழ்நா ன்சார வாரியம் ஏற்பட்ட. அமட்மன் கல்பாக்கம் அனல்ன் நிைலயம், த்க் அனல்ன் நிைலயம் ேபான்றைவம் உவாக்கப்பட்டன. Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 71 இராவ ராங்கைன ேகாந்தம்மாள் வ. ேஹமா தழாரியர்

எட்டாம் வப்வைரேய பத்த ேகாந்தம்மாக் 1940 ஆம் ஆண் ேநதா ெசய்த ரச்சாரம் அவர வாழ்க்ைகக்த் ப் ைனயாய் அைமந்த. ேநதா பாஷ் சந்ரேபாஸ் இந்ய தைலக்காக மேலயான் மலாக்கா ராந்தா பல் ரச்சாரம் ெசய்த ேபா அவ்ர உைரையக் ேகட் அப்பைடன் நிக்காக தன் ஆ பன் வைளயல்கைளம் மணச் தனமான ஒ ஏக்கர் ரப்பர் ேதாட்டத்ைதம் தானமாக ெகாத்தார் ேகாந்தம்மாள் .

ன்னர் ல மாதங்கள் கத் இந்ய ேதய ராவத்ல் இைளஞர்கைளம் அப்பைடன் ெபண்கள் ரிவான ஜான் இராணிப்பைடல் ெபண்கைளம் ேசமா ரச்சாரம் ெசய் அைழத்தார். அைத ஏற் 12.12.1943-ல் ஜான்ராணிப் பைடல் ேகாந்தம்மாள் ேசர்ந்தார். 1500 ெபண்கள் ெகாண்ட அப்பைடல் தல் 100 ேபர் ேதர்ந்ெதக்கப்பட் அவர்கக்ப் பலரகத் ப்பாக்க்கைளச் ம் பற் தரப்பட்ட. அப்ப தல் ேதர்ந்ெதக்கப்பட்ட 100 ேபரில் ேகாந்தம்மாம் ஒவர்.

ஒ தடைவ ஜான் ராணிப்பைடனர் காம் அைமத்த் தங்ந்தனர். அங் ஒ மர்ம வண்ல் ல நபர்கள் கால் ைழவைதப் பார்த்த ேகாந்தம்மாள் அவ்வாண்ையத் தத் நித்னார். உள்ேள ேநதா இராவ உைடல் அமர்ந்ந்தார். அத்த நாள் இவைடய ேநர்ைமையம் அவரின் அந்தத் ணிச்சலானச் ெசயைலம் பாராட் “லாண்ட் நாயக்” என் பத உயர் அளித்தார். 1.10.1945 ஆம் ஆண் வைர இவர் அந்த இராவத்ல் பணியாற்னார்.

1950க் ற, 1970- ல் இந் தழக அர இவக் ஒய் ஊயம் அளித் வந்த. ன்தன் 4 மகள்கைளம் மற்ம் 2 மகன்கைளம் ேவைலகள் ெசய் பக்க ைவத் மணம் நடத் ைவத்தார். ற ேகாந்தம்மாள் ஒ பள்ளில் மய உண சைமத், மா அைரைவ ல்ல் ேவைல என பல்ேவ பணிகைளச் ெசய்தார். ஒ கட்டத்ல் வேயாகம் காரணமாக எந்த ேவைலம் ெசய்ய யாமல் ேபான. மாநில அர வழங்ம் ெசாற்ப ஒய்யத்ைத ெபற் வாழ்ந் வந்தார்.

வைமல்வாய ேகாந்தம்மாள் ைம காரணமாக 01.12.16 அன் மயம் 3.00 மணியளல் இறந்தார். தன ெசாத்க்கைள எல்லாம் ேதச தைலக்காக அளித்த இவர் கைட வைரல் ெசாந்த ல்லாமேல வாழ்ந் மைறந்தார். Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 72 P.J.Adithiyaa 8 E

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 73 P.Saranjayan IX-E

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 74 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 75 D. Brundhavani X E

Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 76 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 77 Viveka Varsha Petal 1 2021-22 78

My IndiaIndia ; My Pride Glimpses of our tiny tots who adorned the cover page as our National Heroes