River Murray and Lower Lakes Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
For further information please contact: Environment Protection Authority Murraylands Office State Flora Centre Bremer Road, Murray Bridge (Post: GPO Box 1508 Murray Bridge 5253) Telephone: (08) 8539 2122 EPA web site: www.epa.sa.gov.au RMCWMB: www.rivermurray.sa.gov.au/major/risk_assessment.htm
ISBN 1 876562 79 X
June 2005
The River Murray and Lower Lakes Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality— Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Mellissa Bradley and Karla Billington
June 2005
Environment Protection Authority South Australia Acknowledgements The River Murray and Lower Lakes Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial was a collaborative project between the Environment Protection Authority, the River Murray Catchment Water Management Board and SA Water. The project team would like to thank those who attended the workshops, provided advice to the team or reviewed the final reports. The project team also recognises the late Max Schmidt, who took the photograph on the front cover of this report. Ashwood Caesar District Council of Loxton Waikerie Dr. Daniel Deere Mid Murray Council Dr Barry Hart Rural City of Murray Bridge Dr. Annette Davison District Council of Renmark Paringa Bruce Whitehill Coorong District Council Peter Goonan, EPA Berri Barmera Council Cathryn Hamilton, SA Water Alexandrina Council Natalie Caon, SA Water Glyn Ashman, SA Water Monique Aucote, Lower Murray Irrigation Michael Manou, EPA Kerri Muller, River Murray Catchment Water Management Board Gillian Smith, EPA Tony Sluzius, EPA Eddie Verhoef, EPA Caroline Michalski, DWLBC Sarah Wilson, Lower Murray Irrigation
ii Table of Contents Summary ...... v 1 Purpose of project...... 1 1.1 Objectives of trial project ...... 2 1.2 Regional NRM planning...... 2 1.3 Development planning ...... 3 2 Context ...... 4 2.1 Assets, services and threats...... 4 2.2 Legislative framework...... 4 2.3 Role of key project partners in water quality protection and management ...... 4 2.4 Other stakeholders ...... 5 2.5 Linkages to other projects ...... 5 3 Risk assessment method ...... 7 4 Trial—Mannum to Mypolonga...... 9 4.1 Overview ...... 9 4.2 Purpose of trial...... 9 4.3 Data collation ...... 9 4.4 Trial area selection...... 10 4.5 Environmental values and associated zones ...... 10 4.6 Hazard identification...... 11 4.7 Risk analysis...... 12 4.8 Outcomes of preliminary risk assessment...... 12 4.9 Strategies and actions to address priority risks ...... 27 4.10 Human resources...... 32 4.11 Project sponsor...... 32 4.12 Project manager ...... 32 4.13 Principal catchment risk assessment adviser...... 32 4.14 Catchment risk advisers ...... 33 4.15 GIS contractor ...... 33 5 Expansion of trial to entire River Murray ...... 34 5.1 Sub-regions ...... 34 5.2 Outputs ...... 34 5.3 Method...... 34 5.4 Human resources...... 35 5.5 Budgets ...... 37 6 Conclusion ...... 38 Appendix A. Asset services and threats and legislative framework ...... 39 Appendix B. Trial area ...... 42 Appendix C. Environmental value zones ...... 43 Appendix D. Hazard and risk assessment tables...... 46 Appendix E. Sample maps for water quality risk analysis ...... 68
iii Appendix F. Glossary ...... 87 Appendix G. Reference...... 87 Appendix H. Addendum to Mannum to Mypolonga Trial through Stage 2 Risk Assessment...... 88
List of Figures Figure 1. Framework for catchment risk management...... 7 Box 1. Overview of risk as a product of likelihood and consequence ...... 12 Figure 2. Risk distribution and associated styles of management ...... 19 Figure 3. Risk distributions for raw water quality...... 21 Figure 4. Risk distributions for recreation...... 23 Figure 5. Risk distributions for aquatic ecosystems...... 26 Box 2. Pollution study case study: Impact of dairy effluent on raw water quality at Pompoota...... 32
List of Tables Table 1. Assets, services and threats and corresponding environmental values...... 4 Table 2. Information for likelihood and consequence interpretation...... 9 Table 3. Associated impact of pollutant for each environmental value...... 11 Table 4. Overview of significant risks to raw water quality ...... 15 Table 5. Overview of significant risks to recreational use ...... 16 Table 6. Overview of significant risks to aquatic ecosystems ...... 18 Table 7. Action plan...... 29 Table 8. Key tasks for risk assessment for each LAP area...... 35 Table 9. River Murray risk assessment project implementation schedule...... 36 Table 10. Income...... 37 Table 11. Expenditure, May 2004–Jun 2005 (1.2 years) ...... 37
iv Summary The River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality has been established to help stakeholders who have an interest in catchment management to prioritise actions to best mitigate risks to water quality. The project is being driven by the business needs of the Environment Protection Authority (EPA), the River Murray Catchment Water Management Board (RMCWMB) and SA Water. It will be a practical tool to guide strategic planning and investment opportunities for the Murray Darling Basin South Australia Integrated Natural Resources Management Group. The project will consider risks to water quality in South Australia along the River Murray as well as the Lower Lakes. The Mannum to Mypolonga trial was undertaken to test the risk assessment techniques developed for the project and to establish the human, information and financial resources needed for the full implementation of the project. Hazards were identified and risks determined for the environmental values of raw water quality, recreation and aquatic ecosystems in line with the Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003 (SA). Hazards that may affect the environmental values selected for this project present direct risks or may contribute to risk. They include: pathogens (direct health implications for raw and recreational uses), nutrients (a cause of algal growth which can be toxic to humans and reduce oxygen availability to aquatic ecosystems) and turbidity (affects water treatment for raw supplies and changes optical properties for recreational use and aquatic ecosystems). A qualitative risk assessment approach was used to prioritise risks at a general level. The level of certainty in the assessment was described and, where required, additional quantitative pollutant studies have been recommended. To minimise the subjective nature of these qualitative studies, standards for interpretation were developed, information cross checked and results peer reviewed. As more data and information becomes available, risk assessments can be refined and will become more objective. Risks were categorised as very high, high, moderate or low, based on their likelihood and consequences. Some assessments were based on detailed knowledge and others on limited knowledge. The uncertainty associated with each risk was documented to indicate reliability of the results. The catchment risk assessment method used in the trial was based on a high resolution geographic information system (GIS). This allowed integration of information from an extensive data search of potential hazards, including aerial photography, land use, EPA licenses and stormwater infrastructure. Knowledge such as the spatial location, number and proximity of hazards was determined, pollutant movement to the river was considered and an estimate of some discharge volumes was made. The GIS was used in the risk assessment workshops to display information to all participants, providing a common understanding, and to enter the location of hazards and display the risk rating. Using this risk assessment, an action plan was developed to address all very high, high and some moderate risks in the trial area. These actions were categorised into capital or on-ground works, capacity building, monitoring, policy, research requirements and compliance. The stakeholders affected by the implementation of each mitigation option were identified as a basis for negotiating funding partnerships. In the full project implementation, this method will be applied across the eight local action planning areas containing portions of the River Murray in South Australia and the Lower Lakes. Details of income, expenditure and associated human resources required to undertake the complete project are provided in this report.
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River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
1 Purpose of project The RMCWMB, EPA and SA Water (the partners) all have an interest in the protection of water quality along the River Murray in South Australia. The Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) Group for the South Australian Murray Darling Basin Inc. manages development of the region’s NRM investment strategy and monitors the implementation of relevant programs, including water quality projects. Given all four organizations had identified that a risk management approach was required to address their business needs in relation to pollution prevention, the River Murray and Lower Lakes Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality Project was initiated as a tool to: provide a consistent and transparent framework, within which spatially referenced risks to water quality and their relative priority can be assessed provide information to enable investment in critical aspects of water quality management support ongoing management of licensed activities and assessment of new developments provide information to support water quality monitoring and research provide water quality risk information to help stakeholders to focus their strategic plans and activities. The environmental values considered in the risk assessment were: raw water—water in its natural state, prior to any treatment, or the water entering the first treatment processes of a water treatment plant.1 As a result, the raw water quality risk does not equate to the risk to drinking water supplies or human health, particularly as disinfection and water treatment (where applicable) reduce the risks prior to delivery. recreation and aesthetics – primary contact—full body contact with the water such as in swimming and water skiing – secondary contact—partial body contact such as in wading, paddling, boating and fishing where the probability of swallowing water is unlikely – visual use aquatic ecosystem (fresh- and seawater)—the ecological integrity of the resource and the associated native flora and fauna. Preserving these features involves protecting the ability of the water to support and maintain a balanced community of organisms comparable with that of a natural habitat. The Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003 (Water Quality Policy) identifies a further two environmental values for which water quality should be managed: agriculture and aquaculture—water required to support healthy crops, livestock and aquaculture industry—water for industrial processes, such as bottled water or beverages; includes cooling, heating, washing and evaporation (e.g. salt production). The latter two environmental values were excluded from the project as the assessment of risks to raw water quality and aquatic ecosystems generally have higher water quality requirements and hence managing these risks will also manage the risks applicable to irrigation and industrial uses. Furthermore, considerable work is being done by the Department of Water Land and Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC), in association with other partners, on the salinity risk of River Murray water to irrigation crops. This work is at a higher level of detail than can be achieved by this project.
1 For the purpose of this report the primary focus of the environmental value of raw water quality is human health. Other taste and odour attributes associated with the presence of manganese and iron were not assessed.
1 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
1.1 Objectives of trial project The trial project aimed to: identify the nature and location of hazards that present a risk to water quality develop a qualitative high-level understanding of hazards and assess the risk to water quality by considering available information and through consultation identify potential solutions to mitigate these risks, including on-ground action, investigation and enforcement, monitoring, and education and awareness raising find gaps in knowledge and resource requirements required to support the full implementation obtain a peer review of the method and refine it for the full project implementation. Findings from the project will: provide guidance to the INRM Group on investment priorities for the water quality program define the potential impact of all risks to water quality in the study area so the RMCWMB can target future natural resource management investment to achieve the greatest benefits for the resource assist the EPA to identify compliance and licensing requirements, educational needs and to prepare business plans assist SA Water in the management of water supply infrastructure and treatment facilities identify opportunities to work with managers of high-risk activities to address risks to raw water supplies. The functions of each organisation are summarised in Section 2.3 of this report. The project was designed to engage all stakeholders whose activities present a risk to water quality within the River Murray corridor and to help them understand the consequences of their activities. For the purposes of this project, the ‘River Murray corridor’ is the river and the area adjacent to it, within the Environment Protection Act’s Water Protection Area (including a 1 km buffer) in South Australia. It will also provide baseline information that can be used to improve the development of investment strategies.
1.2 Regional NRM planning The Integrated Natural Resource Management Group for the South Australian Murray Darling Basin Inc. (the INRM Group) is responsible for the annual review of the regional NRM investment strategy. Demand for project funds intended to achieve water quality improvements will continue to be high and it is currently difficult to accurately determine investment priorities. The River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality will provide the INRM Group with details of significant risks to water quality within the River Murray corridor so that future assessments and judgments can be based on baseline information, taking account of sub-regional impacts and benefits. Examples of significant sub-regional issues include the following: Pollutant loads in stormwater discharges may be low relative to other polluting activities, but a discharge point directly upstream of a raw water pumping station may be of considerable significance to human health. The silt generated by a vegetable farm may have a negligible impact on the overall turbidity of the River Murray, but if this activity is located directly upstream of a significant wetland, the silt loads received by the wetland may have a measurable and adverse effect.
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The incremental impact of an individual activity such as nutrient input may not be a priority for rectification. However, the combined effect of the activity along the river corridor or within a sub-region may warrant attention. (This type of issue raises the need for a mechanism to consider cumulative impacts.)
1.3 Development planning From the mid 1970s the River Murray valley and floodplain have been protected from most high- risk activities and intensification of activity (e.g. intensive animal keeping) as a result of amendments to the development plans of councils along the river. In the 1990s, particular zones, often referred to as ‘flood zones’ and ‘fringe zones’, were established along the river corridor. Land-use in these zones has been restricted by classifying some land uses, such as land division and light industry, as non-complying development. The then Engineering and Water Supply Department and later the Department of Water Resources had significant input into the policy for these planning zones and encouraged removal of inappropriate land uses, such as piggeries, that were in close proximity to the river. As a consequence there are now fewer high- risk activities on the floodplain and nearby areas. The majority of larger existing polluting activities are generally long-established industrial sites operating under EPA authorisation. Activities or land use changes (Development Act 1993) proposed within the River Murray corridor that present a risk to water quality must now be referred to the EPA (Environment Protection Act 1993) and the Minister for the River Murray (River Murray Act 2003). The referral assessment process is administered by the EPA and DWLBC. These bodies provide decision-makers with a detailed assessment of the potential impacts on environmental (water quality, environmental water requirements, biodiversity and habitat) and cultural values . Although it is acknowledged that there are now far better controls over the establishment of new land uses that may affect water quality, the Development Act is not necessarily effective at controlling ongoing management of activities, so other tools and legislative controls need to be applied. This project provides guidance for setting priorities for actions to mitigate risks to water quality associated with these existing activities.
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2 Context
2.1 Assets, services and threats The INRM Group conducted an assessment of NRM assets, services provided by those assets, and associated threats while developing priorities for its Phase 2 Investment Strategy. Table 1 below is adapted from Investment Strategy–Phase 2–Report on the process for determining investment priorities (INRM Group for the South Australian Murray Darling Basin Inc. 2004) and details components or ‘asset stories’ relevant to the River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality.
Table 1. Assets, services and threats and corresponding environmental values. Corresponding environmental value for Asset River Murray and floodplain risk assessment Flora and fauna habitat, CO Aquatic ecosystems—water quality aspect Services 2 sequestration & nutrient cycling of River Murray channel and floodplain2 Irrigation/urban water supply Raw water quality—human health Recreation and tourism Recreational use—human health Landscape and visual amenity Recreational use—human health Inappropriate land use practices inappropriate development and land Threats All use change inappropriate recreation. point-source and diffuse pollution
The risk assessment addresses threats to these services and is of direct importance to the regional planning process (Appendix A1 provides discussion of the asset services and threats. Refer to the report River Murray and Lower Lakes Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality—Concepts and Method for more information).
2.2 Legislative framework The current legislative framework provides a context for consideration and approval of development proposals, and guidance for decision makers and regulators for management of water quality risks now and in the future. Legislation of particular relevance is the Environment Protection Act 1993, Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003, River Murray Act 2003, Water Resources Act 1997 and the Development Regulations 1993. Appendix A2 provides a discussion of the legislation and its significance to this project.
2.3 Role of key project partners in water quality protection and management
2.3.1 RMCWMB Key functions of the RMCWMB are to: advise the minister and government authorities in the Board's area on management of the water resources in the catchment promote public awareness of the importance of proper management of water resources and their sustainable use.
2 Other attributes are of critical importance to aquatic ecosystem health (e.g. habitat loss, changes in flow patterns); however, an assessment including these factors is beyond the scope of the project.
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The Board is responsible for ensuring that all risks to the quality of water resources are identified and programs to manage and minimise them are implemented.
2.3.2 EPA The EPA is responsible for regulating and monitoring activities that present a pollution risk. It is also required to assess site-specific impacts on the environment, provide authorisations under the Environment Protection Act where required, and undertake ambient water quality monitoring and evaluation programs to detect trends in water quality.
2.3.3 SA Water SA Water is responsible for providing domestic wastewater management services and potable water supplies to the Adelaide metropolitan area and a number of rural communities. Minimisation of water quality risks to raw water used for potable supplies is essential for this service and fits within the ‘Catchment to Tap’ risk assessment, which is a key part of SA Water’s drinking water quality management system.
2.4 Other stakeholders
2.4.1 Community The local knowledge of other stakeholders within the community will be sought as part of the River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality. This knowledge will provide vital information on land uses within their regions that have polluting potential. Organisations to be targeted during the project include: local action planning groups councils industry groups such as the Lower Murray Irrigated Areas Group indigenous groups.
2.4.2 State agencies Expert opinion will also be sought from specialists within agencies, including DWLBC and the Department for Environment and Heritage, on topics such as wetlands, licensed activities and salinity.
2.5 Linkages to other projects
2.5.1 River Murray Monitoring and Evaluation Project The River Murray Monitoring and Evaluation Project will deliver a targeted audit of the monitoring and evaluation requirements at state, catchment and local scales, of natural resource management strategies affecting the SA section of the Murray Darling Basin (SAMDB). The audit will: highlight common issues and system inadequacies specify indicators identify baseline information required determine roles and responsibilities for collecting baseline information communicate results to the SAMDB community as the starting point for coordinated monitoring and evaluation.
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The DWLBC manages this project on behalf of stakeholders. Baseline information from the River Murray Water Quality Risk Assessment will be provided to the monitoring and evaluation project managers.
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3 Risk assessment method The risk assessment method for the project was developed during October and December 2003 by the project team, which was made up of representatives from the key project partner organisations. A separate report, River Murray and Lower Lakes Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Concepts and method, provides a detailed discussion of the method. This section of the trial report therefore provides only a brief overview of the method. The risk assessment approach developed includes seven main components, adapted from AS/NZS 4360:1999 (refer Figure 1); the steps include: establishing the context—what are the environmental values and management zones? hazard identification—what and where are the hazards, hazardous events and scenarios that need to be considered and what are the current control measures? risk analysis—what is known about the likelihood and consequence of hazardous events and scenarios giving rise to water contamination? Pollutant studies will be required where primary data is limited and/or to validate results of the initial risk assessment. risk evaluation—how significant are the risks to water quality? risk mitigation—what should be done about the risks to water quality? Additional processes which occurred throughout the assessment project are: communication and consultation reviewing and monitoring of results and progress.
Establish the context
Identify hazards review and Monitor
Analyse risk
Pollutant studies
Evaluate risk Communicate and consult
Mitigate risk
Figure 1. Framework for catchment risk management.
The key to successfully implementing this approach was to bring together a group of people who could ascertain the hazards, assess the risks and undertake research when information is limited. These people were known as ‘catchment risk advisers’. In the case of the trial, catchment risk advisers were sought from each of the main stakeholder organisations (EPA, SA Water, RMCWMB). These advisers then developed links with people or researched documentation within areas such as wetland ecology, algal biology, stormwater, land use activities and human health.
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Another important element in the development and implementation of the risk assessment framework was consultation with regional stakeholders (catchment management officers, landholders, water resource officers, local government personnel). These people have inherent knowledge of hazards and can aid the determination of risk. Often these stakeholders’ knowledge was not documented and had to be obtained through consultation, participation in workshops and review of risk assessment results. For the trial project, regional consultation was limited as the main aim was to develop the method. It was considered inappropriate to involve regional stakeholders until a method had been developed. Section 5 of this report details how it is proposed to implement the full project along the entire River Murray and Lower Lakes. The full River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality will be more rigorous in the area of risk assessment and it is proposed that findings with low certainty ratings in the trial will be verified through appropriate research and on-ground pollution studies where necessary.
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4 Trial—Mannum to Mypolonga
4.1 Overview The Mannum to Mypolonga water quality risk assessment trial covered a 30 kilometre section of the River Murray with a variety of water uses representing a range of environmental values. These water uses included: water supply to several communities and part of Adelaide’s metropolitan area waterskiing, bathing and houseboat moorings maintenance of the aquatic ecosystems throughout the river and its floodplain agriculture (horticulture, flood irrigation for dairying). Land use within the trial area ranged from urban to rural agricultural and industrial. A significant proportion of the floodplain consisted of dairy irrigation swamps, and there were isolated horticultural enterprises on higher land adjacent to the floodplain. The mix of residential, commercial and industrial land uses within the urban centres in the trial area collectively contributed to point-source discharges of stormwater to the river. Use of the River Murray as a transport medium (e.g. river houseboats) has meant that effluent pump-out and refuelling facilities have been constructed within the trial area.
4.2 Purpose of trial The risk assessment method developed for the River Murray catchment risk assessment for water quality was trialled in the Mannum to Mypolonga area to: test practical aspects of the method developed by the project team establish the levels of human, information and financial resources required to undertake a comprehensive water quality risk assessment of the River Murray in South Australia and in the Lower Lakes.
4.3 Data collation During September and October 2003 the spatial data and information required to assess catchment risk was collated. Much of the data related to potential hazards to water quality or pathways for pollutant transfer, including land use, point-source discharges such as urban stormwater and irrigation drainage, EPA-licensed activities and topographical features.
Table 2. Information for likelihood and consequence interpretation. Mechanisms Acquired knowledge Appraisal of spatial information Spatial location and number of hazardous activities within management zone, proximity of activity to river or discharge compared to where the water is used, ability of hazard to reach river (hydrology, hydrogeology, stormwater networks), location of water quality sampling sites and their representativeness Visual inspections and Spatial location, hazards, proximity of activity to river or discharge communication with compared to where the water is used, ability of hazard to reach river management, including EPA- (hydrology, hydrogeology, stormwater networks), failure rates of licensed activities pollutant storages, management of licensed premises including agreed risk mitigation strategies Related research and Ability of hazard to reach river (hydrology, hydrogeology, stormwater management plans networks), design of pollution ponds, stormwater networks, location of assets (recreation, aquatic ecosystem), ability of hazardous events to lead to impacts of concern Water quality monitoring data Volume and concentration of discharge, quality of receiving waters
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Data collation and development of the GIS framework were outsourced to a contractor at a cost of $20,000, which was funded 50:50 by the EPA and the RMCWMB. In-kind contributions by the EPA, RMCWMB and SA Water staff were in the order of 200 hours (value approx. $10,000).
4.4 Trial area selection The Mannum to Wellington Local Action Planning (LAP) area was chosen as it demonstrates a variety of environmental values and a diverse range of hazards. It was considered that this section was a representative sample of the river and hence was suitable for reviewing the proposed method. It soon became apparent that the LAP area was too large and the trial was refocused on the Mannum to Mypolonga section of the river. Risks within the corridor, known as the River Murray Water Protection Area (Environment Protection Act), including a buffer of 1 km, were listed. A map of the trial area can be found in Appendix B.1.
4.5 Environmental values and associated zones Environmental values are particular values relating to uses of water. They contribute to public benefit, welfare, safety and health. These values need to be protected from pollution, waste discharge and deposits if they are to be maintained (Water Quality Policy). A series of zones to be managed for each environmental value were identified within the Mannum to Mypolonga section of the River Murray and any activity presenting a hazard was identified and assessed for risk. These zones—raw water, recreation, aquatic ecosystem—are illustrated in Appendix C (C.1 to C.3). A brief description of each zone follows.
4.5.1 Raw water The raw water quality zone was defined as 3 km upstream and 500 m downstream of each off-take. The size of the zone was based on salinity slugs moving into the River Murray3. Salt slugs, which are relatively large pollution discharges, are fully mixed within 3 km of entering the river and it was considered that this provided a precautionary basis for assessment of other risks. Raw water quality zones were extended 500 m downstream of each off-take point to account for wind-driven upstream water movement in low-flow conditions. In the trial project, the off-take points and related raw water quality zones were: Zone 101—Mannum water supply off-take Zone 102—Cowirra water supply off-take Zone 103—Wall Flat water supply off-take Zone 104—Pompoota water supply off-take Zone 105—Woodlane water supply off-take Zone 106—Mypolonga water supply off-take.
4.5.2 Recreation zones Recreation zones were based on local information about the length of the river used for recreation: Zone 201—Mannum and surrounds (3500 m) Zone 202—Pompoota and surrounds (2200 m).
3 Information obtained from run-of-the-river salinity data measured the length of the Murray.
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4.5.3 Aquatic ecosystem zones Aquatic ecosystem zones (301–308) were established over the length of the trial area. Segmentation of these zones was based on already defined raw water zones. and extended to include the gaps between. For example, zone 301 extended from Mannum, over the length of zone 101, to the beginning of zone 102. It was considered that all hazards had been previously captured through raw water assessment, leaving only the gaps requiring hazard identification.
4.6 Hazard identification Risks to water quality were identified by reviewing spatial data, including land use, EPA licences, stormwater networks and topographical features. Land uses or activities may pose a risk to a specific environmental value of water quality by raising levels of salinity (SA), pathogens (PA), nutrients (NU; lead to blue-green algal hazards), turbidity (TU), heavy metals (HE), natural organic matter (OR), hydrocarbons (HY) or pesticides (PE). Pollutants that may affect environmental values are listed in Table 3. The selection of relevant hazards which cause risks (e.g. pathogens) or contribute to risks (e.g. nutrients, which may lead to algal blooms) was based on criteria listed within the Water Quality Policy, Australian Drinking Water Guidelines, and Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality.
Table 3. Associated impact of pollutant for each environmental value. Hazard Raw Recreation Aquatic ecosystem Salinity (SA) Predominantly taste Not applicable Can decrease species diversity and health Pathogens (PA) Health Health Not applicable Nutrients (NU) Contribute to algal Cause algal growth, Cause algal growth in growth which can cause which can be toxic, a excessive quantities taste and odour skin irritant, and can (blooms) and contribute problems or, in some affect water clarity to reduced dissolved instances be toxic; oxygen; oxidised nitrate has health nitrogen can be toxic to implications at high biota in excessive levels (> 10 mg/L) quantities Turbidity (TU) Affects cost of Changes optical Changes optical treatment and properties, limits clarity properties, which disinfection efficiencies affects biological performance Heavy metals (HE) Health Health Potentially toxic, with the possibility of bioaccumulation in some species Natural organic matter Major cost in water Not applicable Reduces oxygen (OR) treatment, increases availability, may also chlorine demand, favour phosphorus responsible for by- release and algal growth product formation during disinfection Hydrocarbons (HY) Health Health Toxic Pesticides (PE) Health Health Toxic
In order for a pollutant to create an environmental risk, something needs to happen for it to be released into the environment. This could be a discharge resulting from accidental spillage, wash down of facilities, stormwater, or wetland discharge at low pool level. Knowledge of the hazardous event and the land use with which it is associated provides the context for determining likelihood and consequence.
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4.7 Risk analysis Based on the risk assessment format outlined in Section 3, catchment risk advisers built a risk assessment database, using MS Excel, from parameters such as the likelihood and consequence of an event for known hazards within the study area. Full details of the risk assessment technique is described within the report River Murray and Lower Lakes Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Concepts and method. The risk magnitude was determined by considering the likelihood of the hazardous event or scenario and its consequences (Box 1). Likelihood and consequence were each rated on a scale of 1 to 5. For likelihood, the scale ranged from rare (1) to almost certain (5) and for consequence from insignificant (1) to catastrophic (5) (HB 203:2000). Given the complexity of estimating the likelihood and consequence of any particular event, separate rating tables were provided to enable the consistent interpretation for each environmental value. Box 1. Overview of risk as a product of likelihood and consequence (adapted from Standards Australia Handbook HB 203:2000 Environmental Risk Management: Principles and Processes)
Risk = likelihood (of cause) x consequence (of effect) Likelihood (of cause) = a qualitative descriptor of the probability or frequency of the hazard (e.g. pathogen, salt, nutrient) being released. Likelihood is a description of how likely it is that a hazardous event will occur. Consequence (of effect) = an outcome of a hazardous event expressed qualitatively or quantitatively; in relation to an environmental value, including a measure of the magnitude of the effect.
The certainty level of each rating was quantified, with a range from (1), indicating the result was based on perception only with no reliable information, to (5), indicating the result was based on good information about the cause and effect processes, which have been documented at a regional level. The level of certainty will influence the action required to minimise the risk—for example, a risk with low certainty may be addressed via research and development, while an almost certain risk would be better addressed by on-ground works. The hazard and risk assessment results, listing the details for each environmental value, are provided in Appendix D (D.1 to D.3).
4.8 Outcomes of preliminary risk assessment Results of the trial are presented via risk maps and discussion of the very high and high risk activities and associated events for each environmental value (refer Tables 4, 5, 6 for an overview). Moderate risks were also listed in some cases where the cumulative impact is thought to have had a significant effect on water quality. Risk distribution graphs (refer Figure 2) were also developed to provide an overview of risks along the assessed section of the River Murray and can be used to target mitigation options. As stated in Section 3, pollutant studies may be needed to further investigate high priority risk if the level of uncertainty in currently available knowledge is low. Box 2 provides an example of a proposed pollutant study. Pollutant studies are not within the scope of this assessment but are an important research requirement.
4.8.1 Sample risk maps Risk maps were generated for each hazard (pathogens, nutrients, etc.) for all three environmental values in each zone. The river adjacent to Mannum was selected to model this spatial representation of risk. This section has raw water, recreational and aquatic ecosystem values, represented by Zones 101, 201 and 301 respectively. Refer to Appendix E.
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It is important to note that each hazard may present a different level of risk to each of the environmental values. For example, dairying in the Cowirra Irrigation Area presents the following pathogen risks for storm event discharges from irrigation drainage systems: raw water (Mannum off-take)—high risk recreational—moderate risk aquatic ecosystems—no known risk.
4.8.2 Risk for each environmental value To compare risks in the sub-regional context, the very high and high risks (activities and associated events) have been highlighted for each environmental value. Moderate risks have also been listed in some cases where the cumulative impact is believed to have a significant effect on water quality.
Risks to raw water quality
Very high risks During intense rainfall events, dairy irrigation drainage wastewater from the Cowirra, Pompoota, Wall Flat and Mypolonga Irrigation Areas was found to pose a very high pathogen risk to the raw water supply of the communities serviced by the Cowirra off-take (Zone 102), the Wall Flat off-take (Zone 3), Pompoota (Zone 104)4 and the Mypolonga off-take (Zone 106). This drainage water presents the highest risk to raw water supplies in the trial area due to the close proximity of the water supply intakes and drainage discharge.
High risks Discharge of irrigation drainage water from the Pompoota, Cowirra, Wall Flat and Mypolonga Irrigation Areas during normal operations (no rainfall) presents a high pathogen and high nutrient risk to the raw water supply (when there is no rainfall). The proximity of the Cowirra Irrigation Area irrigation drainage discharge point to the Mannum– Adelaide water supply off-take (Zone 101) means normal discharge and event discharge from dairy operations both present a high raw water quality risk from pathogens and nutrients . The Wall Flat water supply off-take (Zone 103) is at high risk of pathogen contamination from normal irrigation drainage discharge and event discharges from the Neeta Irrigation Area. The Neeta Irrigation Area also presents a high risk to the Wall Flat raw water supply due to nutrient loads under normal discharge conditions. The risk assessments for Neeta Irrigation Area assume that wind can drive the drain discharge across the river to the Mannum offtake. Studies to assess the flow dynamics of the drain discharge are currently being assessed by SA Water and the Australian Water Quality Centre. The Pompoota irrigation drainage presents a high pathogen and nutrient risk to Woodlane (Zone 105) raw water quality under normal operating conditions. A high pathogen risk is anticipated from this area under storm conditions, when dairy effluent from milking sheds and effluent ponds could be transported into irrigation drains. Pompoota Irrigation drainage presents a high pesticide risk to the Pompoota raw water quality, which has its off-take 70 m upstream of the discharge point of the dairy irrigation drainage system. The Mypolonga dairy irrigation area presents a similarly high pesticide risk to the Mypolonga raw water supply for the same reason. Other activities which present a high risk to raw water supplies:
4 The consequence rating applied in the trial for the Pompoota Dairy Irrigation Area (4) was inconsistent with equivalent dairy irrigation areas (rated as 5). The data therefore suggests incorrectly that the Pompoota Dairy Irrigation Area is a high risk for intense rainfall events, rather than a very high risk. This report has, however, included the correct risk value. The consequence ratings will be reviewed and amended during the second stage of the project.
13 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
The re-fuelling facility for Unforgettable Houseboats near the Mannum water supply off- take presents a high risk of hydrocarbon contamination in the event of accidental spillage. The Mannum septic tank effluent disposal system (WWTP) presents a high pathogen risk in the event of an overflow; the likelihood of this is extremely low, but the ‘significant consequence’ rating gives a high risk level. Septic tanks at Mypolonga present a high pathogen risk to the Mypolonga raw water supply in storm events and due to the connectivity between the soakage trenches and groundwater which enters the salt interception channel and can then return to the river. There is also a moderate nutrient risk to aquatic ecosystems associated with the septic tanks. SA Water has confirmed the potential risks associated with drainage discharge. As a result, SA Water took immediate action—undertaking site works to increase the distance between water supply inlets and the drainage discharges. This work was completed in October 2004 at all sites except Wall Flat.
Confidence level of results Although not a large number of activities presented a risk to water quality from heavy metals and pesticides, more research into their nature is necessary before a complete picture of the risk to raw water supplies can be established. Industries and facilities that require further investigation include: dairy irrigation areas slipways petrol stations wetlands Mannum water pumping station stormwater discharges. These research requirements will be addressed as part of the River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality.
14 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Table 4. Overview of significant risks to raw water quality Very high High Source Pollutant Cause Source Pollutant Cause Dairy—Cowirra Event Dairy—Cowirra PA, NU Discharge PA irrigation area discharge irrigation area PA Event discharge Dairy—Mypolonga Dairy— PA, NU Discharge Event irrigation area PA Mypolonga NU Event discharge discharge irrigation area PE Discharge
Dairy—Pompoota Event Dairy—Neeta PA Event discharge PA irrigation area discharge irrigation area PA Discharge Dairy—Wall Flat Event Dairy— PA, NU Discharge irrigation area PA discharge Pompoota PA irrigation area Event discharge PE Dairy—Wall Flat irrigation PA, NU Discharge area Mannum Waste Water PA Overflow Treatment lagoons Refuelling facility— Accidental HY Unforgettable spillage houseboats River vessel pump-out Spillage during PA station— pumpout Mannum Septic tanks— Stormwater PA Mypolonga overflow
Risks to recreation
High risk Sediments and hydrocarbons (in the event of accidental spillage) in stormwater from the Mannum township were found to pose a high risk to recreational users of affected water. Pathogens from Mannum stormwater present a moderate risk to recreational values. Dairy irrigation drainage from the Cowirra Irrigation Area produces a high pathogen risk to recreational water users with regular discharges and a moderate risk for event discharges.
Moderate risk The Pompoota and Cowirra Irrigation Areas, given their proximity to popular recreational areas, represent a moderate pesticide risk to water quality for recreational use. The pathogen risk associated with the Pompoota irrigation area was also assessed as moderate. The associated dairy milking sheds present a moderate pathogen risk.
Certainty level of results Time constraints on the trial prevented access to existing data that may provide valuable information about turbidity associated with dairy irrigation areas, so this risk was not assessed for recreational zones.
15 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Information on natural organic matter and pathogen loads from wetlands as they discharge before lowering to pool level is also needed, though its availability is uncertain. This information will be sought as part of the full River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality.
Table 5. Overview of significant risks to recreational use High Moderate Hazardous Hazardous Activity Hazard Activity Hazard event event Dairy—Cowirra Blackwater— PA Discharge Deliberate irrigation area houseboats PA discharge NU Discharge (mooring) Dairy—Pompoota Dairy—Cowirra PA Event discharge Event irrigation area NU irrigation area PE Event discharge discharge NU River vessel Dairy— PA Discharge Spillage during pump-out NU Pompoota PE Discharge station—Mannum pumpout irrigation area NU Event discharge WWTP—Woodlane Dairy milking Storm event— PA sheds—Cowirra PA Event discharge overflow irrigation area Stormwater— Discharge Greywater— Mannum HY Event houseboats HY discharge (general) NU Discharge TU Discharge TU Event discharge WWTP— Storm event— NU Woodlane overflow Stormwater— PA Discharge Mannum PA Event discharge NU Discharge NU Event discharge
Risks to aquatic ecosystems
High risks The cumulative effects of nutrients, salinity, natural organic matter, turbidity and pesticides from a wide variety of activities is placing pressure on aquatic ecosystems throughout the River Murray and its floodplain. The nutrients, natural organic matter and pesticides present in dairy irrigation drainage water discharged to the river under normal conditions were all found to present a high risk to aquatic ecosystems. Discharges associated with storm events are diluted, reducing the risk to moderate. Other events contributing to the accumulation of nutrients in the river system, presenting a high risk to aquatic ecosystems, include the deliberate episodic discharge of blackwater (effluent) and the regular discharge of greywater (wash water) from houseboats, particularly in mooring areas. An overflow from the Mannum WWTP, while extremely unlikely, would be a high nutrient and organic risk to aquatic ecosystems.
16 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Stormwater discharge from the Mypolonga township represents a high pesticide risk and a moderate nutrient risk for aquatic ecosystems. This is due mainly to the horticultural activities on land above the town. Surface water runoff from these enterprises is believed to run directly to the river through the stormwater network. The actual risk will need to be verified on site as part of the full risk assessment project. The cumulative impact of the range of recreational river craft using the river results in a high risk to aquatic ecosystems from hydrocarbons entering the system during regular use and re-fuelling. The quarry located within the catchment above the Paiwalla wetland provides a potentially high turbidity risk to aquatic ecosystems, particularly in the wetland itself. Again, on-ground investigation of the pathways by which sediment could reach the wetland and the river will be undertaken in the River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality to confirm the level of risk and identify possible mitigation measures.
Moderate risks Horticultural enterprises on the highland areas above the River Murray floodplain in the trial area produce mainly vegetables and olives. This industry presents a moderate nutrient, pesticide and turbidity risk to aquatic ecosystems. In some instances surface runoff generated by storm events may enter the river via low-lying dairy irrigation areas, increasing the risk associated with discharges from low-lying areas. The historical practice of applying copper sulphate to control weeds in irrigation channels presents a moderate heavy metal contamination risk to aquatic ecosystems. Whether or not this practice is still widespread will be investigated in the full trial. Stormwater discharges from Mannum are thought to contain sufficient heavy metals and nutrients to present a moderate risk to aquatic ecosystems during event discharges. The turbidity associated with dairy irrigation area discharges was assessed as being a moderate risk to aquatic ecosystems Septic tanks at Wall Flat and Mypolonga present a moderate nutrient risk to aquatic ecosystems. In the case of Mypolonga there is direct interaction between septic tank soakage trenches and groundwater.
Confidence level of results Quite a few studies of salt discharge to the River Murray resulting from natural processes and irrigation have been undertaken by the DWLBC, Department for Environment and Heritage and the CSIRO. As any risk assessment by this project that takes account of salt would be at a far coarser level than existing studies, few resources were applied to researching salinity impacts on water quality. However, attempts were made to assess the salinity risks posed by the discharge of wetlands to the river at pool level and surface drainage from two sites of obvious dryland salinity. These estimations showed that there is a moderate risk to aquatic ecosystems from wetland drainage and a moderate turbidity risk to aquatic ecosystems adjacent to a highly disturbed and eroded area of land north of Mypolonga. There was limited knowledge within the project team of the natural organic matter and salinity risks associated with dairy irrigation, resulting in a lower level of certainty in the assessment. Insufficient data were available for the trial project to determine the salinity risk associated with inflows to the River Murray from its tributaries—particularly Reedy Creek—and further research will be required in the full project to achieve a comprehensive assessment of all risks to aquatic ecosystems.
17 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Table 6. Overview of significant risks to aquatic ecosystems (Note: due to the high number of moderate risks, the associated activities and hazardous events have not been included in the body of this report; refer to the risk tables in Appendix D for more information.) High High Hazardous Hazardous Activity Hazard Activity Hazard event event Blackwater NU Discharge discharge— Deliberate Dairy—Wall Flat NU OR Discharge houseboats discharge irrigation area (moorings) PE Discharge
NU Discharge Greywater Dairy—Baseby discharge— OR Discharge NU Discharge irrigation area houseboats PE Discharge (moorings)
NU Discharge Quarry at Dairy—Cowirra OR Discharge Paiwalla TU Event discharge irrigation area PE Discharge wetland NU Discharge Dairy— NU Event discharge Recreational Operations and Mypolonga HY river craft refuelling irrigation area PE Discharge OR Discharge
NU Discharge Wastewater Dairy—Neeta treatment NU Overflow OR Discharge irrigation area plant lagoons— OR Overflow PE Discharge Mannum
Dairy— NU Discharge Stormwater— Pompoota OR Discharge PE Event discharge Mypolonga irrigation area PE Discharge
4.8.3 Risk distribution The distribution of risk, as defined by likelihood and consequence of its occurrence, is displayed in a series of graphs for each risk to water quality and the three environmental values of raw water, recreational use and aquatic ecosystems (Figure 3 to Figure 5 respectively). This provides an overview of the risks observed along the assessed sections of the River Murray and provides a simple visual tool to demonstrate priority hazards for which mitigation options should be considered. The size of each circle plotted on the graph indicates the number of events with the same attributes (e.g. likelihood = 2, consequence = 4). The risk distribution graph can be used to determine appropriate management strategies (refer Figure 2). For example, if the distribution of risks predominantly have a low likelihood but a very high consequence, the most appropriate way to mitigate these risks is to ensure the development of, and adherence to, emergency plans and procedures or the implementation of preventative measures. Alternatively, if the likelihood of an event is very high and the consequence low, education programs and the establishment of codes of practice will be the most effective management option. As a result, the risk distribution graphs provide an important link between the risk analysis and the development of strategies in the action plan.
18 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Broad education programs Major initiatives 5 Very High Documenting standard Priority for procedures investment 4 High 3 Moderate
Low
Likelihood 2
Maintain the status -quo Incident M anagement 1 Documenting standard Procedures for emergency services procedures 0 012345Specific Preventative measures Consequence
Figure 2. Risk distribution and associated styles of management (based on Australian Standard AS/NZS 4360:1999 Risk Management)
Raw water quality
Pathogens Hazardous events where pathogens affected raw water quality were distributed across the entire risk range from low to very high (refer Figure 3). Twenty-seven percent were in the high to very high risk categories. All of these resulted from storm events and apart from one—the Mypolonga septic tank storm event overflow—came from the Cowirra, Wall Flat, Pompoota and Mypolonga dairy irrigation areas. These risks are clearly a priority for investment, as demonstrated by the dairy industry and INRM plan developed to rehabilitate dairy irrigation areas. Only 7% of the pathogen hazards to raw water quality were of moderate risk. Low pathogen risk events contribute 65% of risks, represented by 36 events. This demonstrates that, while considerable capital investment is required to rehabilitate dairy irrigation areas, there is a significant cumulative pathogen risk presented by a multitude of other events associated with stormwater, WWTP and houseboats that require mitigation measures.
Nutrients The trial identified 70 events posing risks to raw water quality due to high nutrient levels. Of these, 16% in the high-risk category were associated with discharges of dairy irrigation area drainage. The balance fell into the low risk (56%) and moderate risk (28%) categories. While many of the moderate risk events are attributable to stormwater discharge from dairy irrigation areas, other moderate risk events include greywater discharge from moored houseboats and stormwater discharges from other areas. Nutrients were the most common hazard that affected the environmental values chosen for the trial and a range of solutions is required to minimise the cumulative impact of very diffuse nutrient sources.
Hydrocarbons There were only 11 events that resulted in the release of hydrocarbons to the River Murray. Most were classified as being of either moderate or low risk, often as a result of high likelihood and low consequence. Events in these categories included recreational river craft emissions, and pollutants transported by stormwater. Investment in mitigation of these low-level risks is difficult to justify, but their cumulative impact may be significant. Educational programs are the most logical and cost
19 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
effective approach, and safety and incident management procedures, developed as part of emergency management plans, are the most effective mitigation actions. There were instances of hazardous events of a low likelihood and high consequence—typically a spillage from refuelling facilities for river craft. These events were found to be of moderate to high risk.
Natural organic matter All events that involved natural organic matter fell within the low risk category. Most had a likelihood rating in the 2-3 range and a consequence of one. They included discharges from septic tanks, natural organic matter transferred by stormwater, and the washdown of ferries. The risk of natural organic matter discharging from wetlands at low pool level was deemed to have a slightly higher consequence of 2, but still remained a low risk (likelihood 2). However, more information is required to better understand this risk.
Heavy metals Hazardous events associated with heavy metals were relatively few compared with other hazards. All fell within the low risk category, due to their low consequence rating, despite events such as stormwater discharges having a likelihood rating of 3.
Turbidity The number of hazardous events associated with sediment risk to raw water quality was low, with most, including stormwater discharges and runoff from a waste transfer station, assessed as being of low risk. Erosion of the river bank at houseboat moorings and runoff from a quarry were the only events to receive a moderate rating.
Pesticides Generally the pesticide risk to raw water quality was low (62% of events) to moderate (31% of events), although discharges from the Pompoota and Mypolonga dairy irrigation areas were found to be a high risk to local raw water quality supplies. The linkage between dairy irrigation areas and pesticides in raw water supplies needs to be investigated further, given that the small domestic water supplies are treated only with chlorine and do not undergo additional treatment. This will be considered during the next stage of the project or as an outcome of this project. The low to moderate risk events included discharges from other dairy irrigation areas, runoff from horticultural areas, and stormwater. The level of confidence associated with the likelihood and consequence ratings for events presenting a pesticide risk to water quality is low. Water quality monitoring would improve the level of certainty of these ratings.
20 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Heavy metals Pathogens
5 5 1
4 4 26
3 3 3 17 2
12 Likelihood 2 2 93 1 2 3 Likelihood
1 3 1 4311
0 0 012345 012345 Consequence Consequence
Hydrocarbons Pesticides
5 5
4 2 4 62
3 31 3 4
2 11 Likelihood 2 372 Likelihood
1 1 2 1 11
0 0 012345 012345 Consequence Consequence
Nutrients Turbidity
5 4 5
4 43 4
3 81 3 82
10 5 7 1 25 Likelihood 2 Likelihood 2
1 12 3 2 1 2
0 0 012345 012345 Consequence Consequence
Organics (DOC)
5
4
3 6
92
Likelihood 2
1 24
0 012345 Consequence
NB: The size of the circle represents the frequency of the risk with the number of specific occurrences displayed. Figure 3. Risk distributions for raw water quality
21 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Recreational use
Pathogens Most of the hazardous events presenting a pathogen risk to recreation were in the moderate risk category (38% of events) and the upper band of the low risk category (50% of events), with 12% at the lower end of the high risk category (refer Figure 4) The high risks are associated with dairy irrigation drainage from the Cowirra area under normal operating conditions, which affects the recreation area around Mannum. Stormwater from Mannum, blackwater discharge from houseboats on moorings, and dairy milking shed discharges in Cowirra during storms were all assessed as being of moderate risk.
Nutrients A wide range of hazardous events present a nutrient risk to recreational use, with nutrients a causative factor in algal blooms. The high risks were varied, and included deliberate discharge of blackwater from moored houseboats, accidental spillage during river vessel effluent pump-out, and discharges from dairy irrigation areas under normal operating conditions. The discharge of greywater from houseboats, stormwater discharges from Mannum and discharges from dairy irrigation areas under storm conditions all fell into the moderate risk category.
Hydrocarbons The only high-risk hazardous events for hydrocarbons that affected recreational use within the two recreational zones assessed were the discharges of stormwater from Mannum during minor and major storms. The high values are influenced by the presence of petrol stations within the catchment and high traffic volumes along the adjacent main road. Stormwater quality monitoring, currently being considered by the Mid Murray Council, is required to qualify these assumptions.
Turbidity Hazardous events presenting a turbidity risk for recreational uses are uncommon, and lack of knowledge about the likelihood and effects of turbidity limited the certainty of these results. Risks of importance include Mannum stormwater. Events at the low end of the risk spectrum included event discharges from Cowirra milk sheds and stormwater discharges from Cowirra township.
Pesticides Of the limited number of hazardous events associated with pesticide risks, most were associated with aquatic ecosystems at a low to moderate level. These events are associated with dairy irrigation areas under normal operating conditions and stormwater discharges after minor rainfall events. Several moderate-risk events were associated with the same activities under storm event conditions.
22 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Pathogens Nutrients
5 5 1
4 11 4 2
3 42 3 21 2
31 3 Likelihood Likelihood 2 21 2 2
1 111 1 111
0 0 012345 012345 Consequence Consequence
Hydrocarbons Turbidity
5 5
4 4 1
3 1 3 1
1 3 Likelihood 2 Likelihood 2
1 1 1
0 0 012345 012345 Consequence Consequence
Pesticides
5
4 2
3 1
3 Likelihood 2
1
0 012345 Consequence
NB: The size of the circle represents the frequency of the risk with the number of specific occurrences displayed.
Figure 4. Risk distributions for recreation
23 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Aquatic ecosystems
Nutrients Hazardous events associated with nutrients in aquatic ecosystems span the risk spectrum from low (47% of events) through moderate (32%) to high risk (21%) (Figure 5). The number of hazardous events means nutrients have a high cumulative impact that would seem to justify mitigation action for events across the entire risk range. Discharges from dairy irrigation areas and greywater discharges from houseboats are the only sources of high risk to aquatic ecosystems from nutrient-related discharges. Many of the moderate risks are event discharges from dairy irrigation areas. Runoff from horticultural areas is another important contributor to the problem. Knowledge of the pathways by which horticultural runoff reaches the river is limited and will be further researched when the River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality is implemented to assess environmental risk along the length of the river and in the Lower Lakes.
Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbon risk events for aquatic ecosystems are uncommon. Given the high likelihood of loss of petrochemicals from recreational river vessels, the associated risk is high despite the minor local consequences. However, here too the cumulative impacts need to be considered when setting priorities for pollution prevention actions. Low risks are predominantly associated with accidental spillages within commercial houseboat moorings and leakages from petrol stations.
Natural organic matter The trial found 57 events that resulted in a risk to aquatic ecosystems from natural organic matter. High-risk events were associated with discharges from dairy irrigation areas under normal operating conditions. Most of the moderate-risk events were also related to dairy run off, but under storm conditions. Discharges to groundwater from septic tanks at Mypolonga and accidental spillages from river vessel pump-out stations were found to present a moderate risk. Discharges from wetlands at low pool level were estimated to be of low risk, although further research is needed to clarify the accuracy of this assessment.
Heavy metals All risks to aquatic ecosystems from discharges of heavy metals to the river fell into the low to moderate risk categories. The moderate risks were associated with dairy irrigation areas, particularly the historic use of copper sulphate to control weeds along channels. Another source of moderate heavy-metal risk was stormwater discharge during storm events. Wash-down of slipways is thought to present a low heavy metal risk to aquatic ecosystems, but there were few data available and this issue too will be further investigated when the full project is implemented.
Turbidity There was considerable variation in the nature of the risks to aquatic ecosystems associated with turbidity.
24 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
The single activity presenting a high turbidity risk to aquatic ecosystems was from the quarry upstream of the Piawalla wetland (2% of events) under normal rainfall. While discharges from dairy irrigation areas comprised a large proportion of the moderate risk events, other moderate risk activities included runoff from horticultural land, and dryland surface drainage from a highly eroded area of land, with all moderate risks being derived from 36% of events. The majority (62%) of events associated with turbidity risk to aquatic ecosystems were low-risk. These events included stormwater discharge, runoff from waste transfer stations and landfill sites, dairy irrigation area discharges during storms and flow from Reedy Creek when storm rains resulted in flow to the River Murray.
Pesticides Pesticides had a similar risk distribution pattern to natural organic matter, with the high-category risks from pesticides to aquatic ecosystems associated with discharge from dairy irrigation areas under normal operating conditions (33% of events). Most of the moderate-risk events resulted from the same activity under storm conditions. Other moderate risks were attributed to runoff to the river from horticultural areas.
Salinity Almost all hazardous events presenting a salinity risk were identified as being of moderate risk. Moderate-risk events included the discharge from 10 separate wetlands at low pool level and regional groundwater discharges. Groundwater discharges were relatively low compared with modelled values for upstream sections of the river, but the continual occurrence of this natural feature elevated the risk rating.
25 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Heavy metals Pesticides
5 5
4 4 11
3 31 3 42
21
Likelihood 22 131 2 Likelihood 2
1 111 1 1
0 0 012345 012345 Consequence Consequence
Hydrocarbons Salinity
5 5
4 1 4 7
3 1 3 1 Likelihood 2 Likelihood 2 1
1 2 1 12
0 0 012345 012345 Consequence Consequence
Nutrients Turbidity
5 11 5
4 11 1 4 10
3 561 3 63 1
68 161 Likelihood 1171 2 Likelihood 2
1 12 3 1 1 1 1
0 0 012345 012345 Consequence Consequence
Organics (DOC)
5
4 10
3 6
Likelihood 2 61910
1 41 1
0 012345 Consequence
NB: The size of the circle represents the frequency of the risk with the number of specific occurrences displayed
Figure 5. Risk distributions for aquatic ecosystems
4.8.4 Summary of risk distribution data The following summary is intended to provide an indication of the frequency with which any given hazard is expected to present a risk to water quality. The results for the three environmental values have been amalgamated in an attempt to demonstrate the hazards to the River Murray as a whole.
26 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Events that present a nutrient risk to water quality were the most significant. They made up 23% (by frequency of occurrence) of all within the Mannum to Mypolonga section of the River Murray. The figure is 31% of all high- to very high-risk hazardous events. Events that released pathogens into the river represented 13% of all occurrences that were a risk to water quality within the trial area and 23% of all high- to very high-risk events. If these events were managed to stop, or markedly reduce, discharges to the river, the majority of the risk to water quality in the trial area would be effectively managed. Natural organic matter discharges represented 17% of all hazardous events within the trial area, but only 7% of the high to very high risks. Activities that increased turbidity represented 15% of pollution events between Mannum and Mypolonga and 6% of the total of high-risk events. Most of these were associated with stormwater discharges at Mannum. The result appears unusually high and will be reviewed as part of the comprehensive risk assessment for the Mannum to Wellington Local Area Plan. Salinity was associated with 15% of all events within the study area. No salinity risks were assessed as high or very high, but there was a lack of data for a considerable number of salinity- related events and it is possible that some of these events were high-risk. The risk associated with salinity may seem low given the high profile of salinity in the River Murray. It is important to note that hazards and associated risks were only assessed for specific environmental values—and this did not include agriculture. However, agriculture is greatly affected by salinity so any activity that increased salinity would gives rise to community and government concern. Furthermore, salinity’s greatest impact is based on the cumulative impact of salinity hazards. This cumulative impact has not been specifically assessed is this project. The trial showed pesticides represent 12% of all risks and 20% of high to very high risks. Pesticides are generally considered a diffuse pollutant, and historically have not received much attention from a risk management or pollution prevention perspective because diffuse pollution is believed to be difficult to control. However, the topography and infrastructure within the trial area means pesticides are more likely to reach the river via a point-source discharge. This speeds up movement of pesticide through the landscape and reinforces the importance of managing pesticides at the source. Hydrocarbons were involved in less than 4% of all hazardous events but 8% of events in the high- to very high-risk categories. The 4% figure includes activities with an inherent hydrocarbon risk about which little is known, e.g. operation of the water pumping station at Mannum. In these instances lack of data prevented assessment of the risk, indicated by “no data” points on the risk maps. Risks associated with events releasing heavy metals were extremely rare (2%) and none of them were assessed as high or very high.
4.9 Strategies and actions to address priority risks The results of the risk assessment trial have been analysed and a series of recommendations for management of these risks is set out in Table 7. Recommended actions were categorised to align with the INRM plan structure: capacity building, capital and on-ground works, regulation and compliance, research and monitoring. Multiple actions may apply for each hazardous event. Suggestions as to which stakeholders should take lead responsibility in each of these categories during the consultation process are made in Table 7. Indicators to measure the success of the strategies will be developed. These will incorporate applicable indicators for the region detailed in the Integrated Natural Resources Management Plan. Monitoring programs will be linked to these indicators as an on-going performance measure.
27 River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment Project for Water Quality—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
While pollution prevention efforts need to focus on the very high and high risks to each of the three environmental values, the cumulative impact of point source or diffuse inputs to the River Murray from multiple lower-level risks should not be ignored. In addition to future research opportunities shown in the table, other research requirements that address multiple events of significance at the catchment scale include: establishing the proportion of phosphorus that is freshly faecal, fertiliser and sewage derived compared to that which is landscape erosion derived—this can be done by measuring the dissolved and particulate phosphorus source tracing using passive sampling of pesticides and organic pollutants developing pollutant budgets for key contaminants identified by the risk as being most important. Research requirements is discussed in more detail in River Murray and Lower Lakes Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality—Concepts and Method.
28 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Table 7 Action plan Potential actions
Capital Activity Hazard Capacity Policy Research & Lead stakeholder(s) Actions—detail Priority on ground Monitoring Compliance building planning develop works
VERY HIGH RISKS Dairy irrigation areas— PA CW—to provide a greater separation drainage between water supply inlets and NU Cowirra LMI, DWLBC, EPA drainage discharge E OR 999 9 Wall Flat CB—more resources required for PE capacity building Mypolonga Pompoota HIGH RISKS Dairy irrigation NU Capital works in hand. More resources areas— OR 999 9LMI, DWLBC, EPA HD drainage required for capacity building PA Neeta Refuelling HY EPA CB—emergency procedures HD facility 99
Mannum NU CW—prevent stormwater infiltration WWTP OR SA Water D 99 into storage lagoons lagoons PA Septic Rural City Murray tanks— PA 9 CW—WWTP scheme/packaged WWTP HD 9 Bridge LGA Mypolonga Groundwater HY TU Mid Murray Council, CB –cease pumping during major Stormwater RMCWMB storm event HD —Mannum PA(mod) 999 9 9 NU SA Water CW—treatment systems/devices (mod) Recreational CB—education and awareness of river craft— HY EPA, RMCWMB, MDA HD/D 99 recreation users HY
29 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Potential actions
Capital Activity Hazard Capacity Policy Research & Lead stakeholder(s) Actions—detail Priority on ground Monitoring Compliance building planning develop works
Blackwater NU discharge— EPA, houseboat CB—education and awareness of river HD houseboat 99 owners assoc(s) vessel users moorings PA (mod) Greywater discharge— EPA, houseboat CB—innovation in grey water NU HD houseboats 99 9 owners assoc.(s) management (moorings) HY TU PE [Anomal Land and water Stormwater CB—assistance to horticultural y—source management HD Mypolonga 99 industries to manage surface runoff of PE planning committees actually adjacent horticult ure] Quarry at M—monitor quality of surface run-off Paiwalla TU EPA, RMCWMB D 99 from quarry site wetland PA WWTP Council NU D Woodlane 99 EPA (mod) River vessel pump-out NU 99 EPA HD stations MODERATE RISKS NU Land and water CB—assistance to horticultural Horticulture PE management HD 99 industries to manage surface runoff TU planning committees Land and water Dairy HE CB—assistance to development management irrigation (copper alternative weed management D 9 planning areas sulphate) regimes committees, LMI
30 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Potential actions
Capital Activity Hazard Capacity Policy Research & Lead stakeholder(s) Actions—detail Priority on ground Monitoring Compliance building planning develop works
Stormwater NU Refer to horticulture HD —Mypolonga Septic Mid Murray Council, tanks—Wall NU CW—WWTP scheme/packaged WWTP D 9 LGA Flat Surface drainage disturbed M—monitor quality of surface run-off TU EPA, RMCWMB D and eroded 99 from site land north of Mypolonga
Dryland M—monitor quality of surface run-off EPA, DWLBC drainage (E SA from site D 99 RMCWMB side—308) CW—revegetation program
31 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Box 2 Pollution case study: impact of dairy effluent on raw water quality at Pompoota
Operation: Dairy, Pompoota irrigation area Risk level: Very high to high Hazards: PA and NU, OR & PE Current action Flood irrigated agriculture to be exempt from the Water Quality Policy, based on an agreed environment improvement management plan, which will stipulate that no surface water from flood irrigation areas will be returned to the River Murray by June 2008. All drainage discharge points to be licensed by the EPA, with discharge of drainage water from swamps ceasing by 2007. Study requirements: to quantify the raw water risk caused by discharge of drainage water. Action plan: - inspect site with stakeholders - assess discharge and raw water quality - investigate whether discharge water can enter town water supply inlet - determine any other source of pollution movement at the site - refine the current risk assessment. Performance measure The level of confidence is high and suitable information is available for mitigation to be implemented in the short term.
4.10 Human resources A small team of representatives of the EPA, RMCWMB, and SA Water developed the project and contributed to the trial.
4.11 Project sponsor The project sponsor was responsible for ensuring the project proceeded as planned and was an active participant in the management of the project. The project sponsor for the trial was John Riggs, Regional Manager, Murraylands, EPA.
4.12 Project manager Mellissa Schliebs was responsible for project management; she: developed the project brief and obtained endorsement from stakeholders developed the project budget brought together a project team and determined responsibilities, outputs and timeframes for each party within the team ensured outputs were achieved on time.
4.13 Principal catchment risk assessment adviser Karla Billington, Manager Catchments, Infrastructure Division, SA Water was responsible for scientific and technical leadership for the project and: developed a catchment risk assessment method for water quality supported the assessment of water quality risks based on this technique provided support for maintenance.
32 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
4.14 Catchment risk advisers Gillian Smith, Tony Sluizas and Michael Manou, Environment Protection Officers, EPA, and Kerri Muller, RMCWMB, were responsible for scientific and technical support for the project; they: supported the assessment of water quality risks provided other support.
4.15 GIS contractor The catchment audit GIS contractor: digitised hazards worked with catchment risk advisers, regional stakeholder groups and agency representatives to compile and analyse information applied risk assessment formulae to likelihood and consequence ratings linked risk assessment results data to GIS and represented data spatially provided supporting information, including risk maps and statistics for the final report. The GIS component was outsourced at a cost of $12,000. The EPA, RMCWMB and SA Water staff provided in-kind support to the trial for project management and implementation of approximately 500 hours (value $40,000).
33 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
5 Expansion of trial to entire River Murray
5.1 Sub-regions It is proposed to expand the River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality to cover the River Murray corridor from the South Australian border to the Murray mouth. To achieve this the river will be divided into local action planning areas to break the workload into manageable parcels, and make possible targeted consultation with stakeholders. There are eight local action planning areas (LAPs) within the proposed project area: the border to Renmark Berri to Barmera Loxton to Bookpurnong Riverland West Mannum to Wellington Mid Murray Goolwa to Wellington Coorong.
5.2 Outputs For each local action planning area the following will be produced: a GIS dataset of hazards and their associated risks a water quality risk assessment report, including selection of risk assessment maps electronic versions of all risk assessment maps (Adobe Acrobat format).
5.3 Method The method developed in the Mannum to Mypolonga trial project will be used, but additional resources will be provided to obtain more detailed local knowledge from community representatives, local government and key stakeholders within agencies and industry. Resources will also be provided for research to verify probability and consequence ratings and ensure no sources of pollution are overlooked. SA Water will provide resources through its graduate program to support these investigations. All point sources of pollution will be located on the established database using the global positioning system (GPS). These data and other information will be collated and analysed to provide a comprehensive catchment risk assessment. A water quality risk assessment will also be included to enable the cumulative catchment risks to be determined down the river. This will consider data collected through SA Water, Murray Darling Basin Commission and EPA monitoring programs and may included the implementation of run-of-the-river stream sampling in the future (subject to funding). The key tasks for implementing the risk assessment for each local action planning area are to: identify the stakeholders and develop a consultation plan conduct a water quality risk assessment for information provision at workshops conduct hazard and risk assessment identification workshops with key stakeholders digitise identified hazardous activities and land uses investigate on-ground hazards for which little information is available update risk assessment results based on research and on-ground findings prepare a draft risk assessment report, including an action plan
34 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
produce risk assessment maps (Adobe Acrobat format) consult on the draft report produce a final risk assessment report detailing the prevalence and location of hazards that present a high risk to water quality and an action plan to minimise risk.
5.4 Human resources In addition to the in-kind support to be provided by the EPA, RMCWMB and SA Water as project sponsor, project manager and risk adviser respectively, it is proposed that a risk assessment project officer be appointed to coordinate risk assessment workshops, assist with data collation and prepare reports. The position would be located with the EPA and based primarily at Murray Bridge, at the same location as the project sponsor and close to the project manager. On-ground investigations will be carried out by a risk assessment research officer who will be provided by SA Water through its graduate training program as an additional in-kind contribution to the project. To enable effective planning and costing of the project, the time contribution of team members has been estimated for each local action planning area (see Table 8 and Table 9). One of the project’s more general aims is to support ongoing management of diffuse pollution and licensed activities managed by the EPA and to assess new development through local government and referral bodies. This management decision will be facilitated via the GIS framework developed for the risk assessment. This will be an ongoing function beyond the core focus of the project and will be supported by the EPA.
Table 8 Key tasks for risk assessment for each LAP area Risk Risk Project team assessment GIS assessment Task time project contractor research allocation officer officer Establish draft zones for environmental 0.5 day 1 day 1 day 0.5 day values and identify key stakeholders Make preliminary contact with key stakeholders—engage for participation in 1 day risk assessment workshops Prepare for risk assessment workshops 2 days 2 days including digitising sources of hazards Run risk assessment workshops Day 1—explain method and hazard ID 1 day 1.5 day 1 day 1 day Day 2 & 3—risk assessment 2 day 3 day 2 day 2 day Investigations 1 day 2 days 10 days Data collation 2 days 5 days Run risk assessment 2 days Analyse risk data and amendments 1 days 2 days 3 days 1 days Prepare risk maps 4 days Write up results and review 0.5 5 days 1 day 2 days Consult on draft and final reports 1.5 day TOTAL 6 days 21 days 21 days 16.5 days
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Table 9 River Murray risk assessment project implementation schedule Task 2004 2005 July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Review outcomes of stage 1 Promote project with stakeholders Risk assessment for LAP areas Complete Mannum to Wellington LAP Border to Renmark LAP Berri to Barmera LAP Loxton to Bookpurnong LAP Riverland West LAP Mid Murray LAP Goolwa to Wellington LAP Coorong LAP Hazard (likelihood and consequence) research and on-ground investigations for LAP areas Mannum to Wellington LAP Border to Renmark LAP Berri to Barmera LAP Loxton to Bookpurnong LAP Riverland West LAP Mid Murray LAP Goolwa to Wellington LAP Coorong LAP Draft report Consultation on draft report Final report(s)
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5.5 Budgets
Table 10 Income 2003–04 2003–04 2004–05 2004–05 confirmed. Conf. cash in-kind cash in-kind EPA $50,000 $3,500 Y $50,000 $16,500 N
NRM Group $50,000 Y $50,000 N
SA Water $17,200 Y $17,200 Y
RMCWMB $25,000 $10,000 Y $26,500 N
TOTAL $125,000 $126,500
Table 11 Expenditure, May 2004–Jun 2005 (1.2 years)
Funding source Cost (incl. Resource Details on-costs) NRM EPA SA Water RM CWMB Group Risk assessment project PS02 $80,000 officer (EPA) 1.2 FTE Risk assessment research PS01 $34,400 In-kind officer (SA Water) 0.5 FTE (in-kind)
Vehicles 1 x 1.2 yrs $14,000
Computers and software $5,000
Operating budget $16,000
Publication of reports $20,000
PS02 GIS support (EPA) $75,000 1.2 FTE
Editing and review of reports $4,500
SUB-TOTAL $214,500
Contingencies 15% $32,175
$34,400 TOTAL $246,675 $100,000 $100,000 $51,500 (in-kind)
In-kind contributions for the project will also be provided by the EPA (as the project sponsor and for technical support), RMCWMB (as project manager) and SA Water (as catchment risk adviser).
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6 Conclusion The Mannum to Mypolonga water quality risk assessment trial set out to: test the practical application of the water quality risk assessment method developed by the project team establish the human, information and financial resources required for a comprehensive water quality risk assessment of the River Murray and the Lower Lakes. The trial tested the practical application of the water quality risk assessment method and determined: that there is a need for consistency in assessing risk; this requires at least two assessment panel members to be involved throughout the process for quality control the importance of clear-cut technical specifications to ensure consistency in risk ratings. The trial reinforced the previously identified need to review all available information regarding the likelihood and consequences of a hazard. Therefore, research and on-ground investigation will be critical to the success of the full project and the credibility of the outcomes. Estimates of the human, information and financial resources needed to implement the project are considered to be accurate. Although efficiency will increase with repetition of the risk assessment within each local action planning area, the time-consuming nature of the risk assessment process, data analysis and representation tasks within the project cannot be avoided. In the long term, the project will improve community understanding of what needs to be done to improve water quality. Heightened awareness within industry of risk management processes and government programs will also result. The outcomes of the Mannum to Mypolonga water quality risk assessment trial will be shared with key stakeholders to illustrate how water quality can be better managed. This consultation process may serve to identify sources of information to fill existing gaps in data and improve project outcomes.
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Appendix A. Asset services and threats and legislative framework
A.1 Asset services
Flora and fauna habitat, CO2 sequestration, nutrient cycling The River Murray and Lower Lakes support many wetlands of varying health, character and ecological significance, including Ramsar sites at Chowilla, Lakes Albert and Alexandrina and the Coorong. The present low water flow throughout the Murray Darling system is adding to pressure on the system’s ecology because the effects of pollutants are effectively increased by reduced dilution. The impact of flow management on environmental values was not considered in the assessment.
Irrigation and urban water supply Regional and rural townships rely on the River Murray for raw water supply for homes and local industry. Irrigation use from the River Murray prescribed water resource is, on average, 483 GL per annum. Agricultural and horticultural industries that use river water support value-adding industries such as processing plants that generate employment and income. The Lower Murray irrigated areas support a significant dairy industry between Mannum and Lake Alexandrina. Intensive animal farming activities such as piggeries have also been expanding in the Murray Bridge council area.
Recreation and tourism The water quality of the River Murray and its suitability for recreational use affects the quality of life of local communities and tourists. Recreational use of the River Murray and Lower Lakes supports tourism-based enterprises such as houseboats, water skiing, fishing and camping that generate wealth for local communities.
Landscape and visual amenity Preservation of the landscape and visual amenity is generally considered important for recreation and tourism. Whilst this ties in with the catchment risk assessment model, the cultural aspects of the landscape and amenity need to be recognised. The Ngarrindjeri people have a cultural connection to the River Murray, Lower Lakes, Coorong and the broader environs and it is important that other users of the river do not detrimentally affect these cultural values.
A.2 Threats Inappropriate land use practices The risk to water quality of an activity is dependant on the land management practices adopted by the landholder. Use of best-practice management techniques for irrigation drainage, for example, will minimise the likelihood of contaminants such as nutrients reaching the river and hence reduce the level of risk.
Inappropriate development and land use change The role of development planning in the protection of the River Murray is addressed in detail in Section 2.2. Proactive planning to ensure that development plans discourage inappropriate development in the river corridor is essential to prevent any increase of threats to the river as a result of new development.
39 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Inappropriate recreation Recreational use is a key value of the river. However, recreation can be a threat due to pollution and erosion caused by river vessels and passive use of the river banks and environs. The polluting effects of recreational use of the river are clearly documented, particularly the threats associated with the houseboat industry 5 and land-based activities6.
Point-source and diffuse pollution The communities of the region’s urban centres contribute to the degradation of River Murray water quality through pollutants carried to the river in stormwater networks and by inappropriate wastewater management.
A.3 Legislative framework
Environment Protection (Water Quality) Policy 2003 (SA) The Water Quality Policy was developed to manage water quality in the state; it came into operation on 1 October 2003. The Water Quality Policy applies to all inland surface water, groundwater and marine water and addresses issues such as: water quality management and control of point and diffuse sources of pollution obligations of people who conduct an activity water quality criteria, discharge limits and listed pollutants potential for establishing codes of practice to minimise water quality risks.
Environment Protection Act 1993, Schedule 1 Schedule 1 of the Environment Protection Act sets out activities of environmental significance that require an EPA licence. These include sewage treatment works and septic tank effluent disposal schemes, waste and recycling depots, cattle feedlots, aquaculture, piggeries, wineries and distilleries, marinas and boating facilities such as slipways. The River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality will address all licensed activities.
Development Regulations 1993, Schedules 21 and 22 The Development Regulations set out activities of environmental significance (Schedule 21) and activities of major environmental significance (Schedule 22) which must be referred to the Environment Protection Authority (EPA) for comment. They also require that any advice from the EPA in relation to such activities must be taken into account by the relevant local government authority when considering issues related to them. Schedule 21 and 22 activities within the River Murray corridor and its surrounds will be assessed as part of the River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality.
Water Resources Act 1997 An object of the Water Resources Act is to protect the ecosystems (including their biological diversity) that depend on the state’s water resources. In particular it enables the control of activities that impact on the health of water-dependant ecosystems. A catchment water management plan may include methods for improving the quality of a region’s water resources.
5 Murray Darling Association Inc. (2001), Houseboats on the River Murray—South Australian Ecological Impact Report 2001.
6 Sustainable Recreation Steering Committee (April 2002), A Sustainable Recreation Strategy for the River Murray and Lower Lakes.
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River Murray Act 2003 The River Murray Act was developed to provide greater protection of the River Murray and its values. Objects of the River Murray Act are: to protect, restore and enhance the River Murray to ensure that activities that may adversely affect the River Murray are discouraged or prevented. In practical terms this means that certain activities and/or changes of land use will be subject to more stringent assessment than others to ensure the values of the River Murray are protected.
Natural Resources Management Act 2004 The Natural Resource Management Act (NRM) combines legislation currently dealing with water resources management, pest animal and plant control, and soil conservation and Landcare. The principal object of the NRM Act is to achieve ecologically sustainable development by establishing a framework for the integrated use and management of natural resources. A single Natural Resources Management Board is to be established for each NRM region. Each board will be required to prepare a regional NRM plan. A strength of the River Murray Catchment Risk Assessment for Water Quality is its emphasis on community input and other stakeholder involvement—a key principle of integrated natural resource management.
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Appendix B. Trial area
B.1 River Murray water quality risk assessment—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial area.
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Appendix C. Environmental value zones
C.1 Raw use zones
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C.2 Recreation zones
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C.3 Aquatic ecosystem zones
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Appendix D. Hazard and risk assessment tables
D.1 Raw zones, hazard and risk assessment tables UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC Blackwater discharge— PA101001A discharge 1 1 1 1 low houseboats (gene Blackwater discharge— NU101001A discharge 1 1 1 1 low houseboats (gene Blackwater discharge— PA101002A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate houseboats (moor Blackwater discharge— NU101002A discharge 3 1 1 1 low houseboats (moor Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation PA101003A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation NU101003A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation PE101003A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation PA101003B event discharge 4 3 3 2 high Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation NU101003B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation PE101003B event discharge 2 3 1 1 low Area Dairy milking sheds— PA101004B event discharge 2 2 1 2 low Cowirra Irrigation Dairy milking sheds— NU101004B event discharge 1 2 1 2 low Cowirra Irrigation Ferries PA101005C wash down 3 2 1 2 low Ferries NU101005C wash down 3 2 1 2 low Ferries OR101005C wash down 3 2 1 2 low Ferries HY101005C wash down 3 2 1 1 low Greywater discharge— NU101018A discharge 5 5 1 1 moderate houseboats (general) Greywater discharge— NU101019A discharge 5 5 1 1 moderate houseboats (moored) erosion of river Houseboat mooring TU101002G 3 2 2 1 moderate bank Petrol stations HY101014J leakage 1 1 2 1 low Recreation zone PA101006D human excreta 3 1 1 1 low operational & Recreational river craft HY101017K 4 2 1 1 moderate refuel operational & Recreational river craft HY101017K 4 2 1 1 moderate refuel Refuelling facility— HY101013I accident spillage1 3 4 2 high Unforgettable Houseboats
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UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC River vessel pump-out spillage while PA101007E 1 2 2 2 low station—Mannum pumping River vessel pump-out spillage while OR101007E 1 2 2 1 low station—Mannum pumping River vessel pump-out spillage while NU101007E 1 2 1 1 low station—Mannum pumping Septic tanks—Cowirra PA101008A discharge 2 2 1 2 low Septic tanks—Cowirra NU101008A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Septic tanks—Cowirra OR101008A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Slipway HE101012C wash down 1 1 1 1 low Solid waste transfer HE101009H leachate drainage 1 1 1 1 low station and landfill Solid waste transfer stormwater PA101009F 1 1 1 1 low station and landfill runoff Solid waste transfer stormwater TU101009F 1 1 1 1 low station and landfill runoff Solid waste transfer stormwater OR101009F 1 1 2 1 low station and landfill runoff Solid waste transfer stormwater NU101009F 1 1 1 1 low station and landfill runoff Stormwater—Cowirra PA101010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra NU101010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra TU101010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra OR101010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra HE101010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra PA101010B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra NU101010B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra TU101010B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra OR101010B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra HE101010B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum PA101011A discharge 3 3 1 2 low Stormwater—Mannum NU101011A discharge 3 3 2 2 moderate Stormwater—Mannum TU101011A discharge 3 3 1 2 low Stormwater—Mannum OR101011A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum HE101011A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum PE101011A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum HY101011A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum PA101011B event discharge 2 2 2 2 low Stormwater—Mannum NU101011B event discharge 2 2 3 2 moderate Stormwater—Mannum TU101011B event discharge 2 2 2 2 low Stormwater—Mannum OR101011B event discharge 2 2 2 1 low
47 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC Stormwater—Mannum HE101011B event discharge 2 2 2 1 low Stormwater—Mannum PE101011B event discharge 2 2 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum HY101011B event discharge 2 2 2 1 low discharge at low Wetland—Cowirra Levee PA101012L 3 1 1 1 low pool discharge at low Wetland—Cowirra Levee NU101012L 2 1 2 1 low pool discharge at low Wetland—Cowirra Levee OR101012L 2 1 2 2 low pool Blackwater discharge— PA102001A discharge 1 1 1 1 low houseboats (general) Blackwater discharge— NU102001A discharge 1 1 1 1 low houseboats (general) Blackwater discharge— NU102001A discharge 1 1 1 1 low houseboats (general) Blackwater discharge— PA102002A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate houseboats (moored) Blackwater discharge— NU102002A discharge 2 1 1 1 low houseboats (moored) Blackwater discharge— NU102002A discharge 2 1 1 1 low houseboats (moored) Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation PA102003A discharge 4 4 3 2 high Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation NU102003A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation PE102003A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation PA102003B event discharge 2 3 5 1 very high Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation NU102003B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Area Dairy—Cowirra Irrigation PE102003B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Area Dairy milking sheds NU102004B event discharge 1 2 1 2 low Dairy milking sheds— PA102004B event discharge 2 2 1 2 low Cowirra Irrigation Ferries PA102005C wash down 3 2 1 2 low Ferries NU102005C wash down 3 2 1 2 low Ferries HY102005C wash down 3 2 1 1 low erosion of river Houseboat mooring TU102002G 3 2 1 1 low bank Recreation zone PA102006D human excreta 3 1 1 1 low River vessel pump-out spillage while OR102007E 1 2 1 1 low station—Mannum pumping
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UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC River vessel pump-out spillage while NU102007E 1 2 1 1 low station—Mannum pumping River vessel pump-out spillage while PA102007E 1 2 3 1 moderate station—Mannum pumping Septic tanks—Cowirra NU102008A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Septic tanks—Cowirra PA102008A discharge 2 2 1 2 low Septic tanks—Cowirra OR102008A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Solid waste transfer NU102009F leakage 1 1 1 1 low station Solid waste transfer PA102009F leakage 1 1 1 1 low station Solid waste transfer HE102009F leakage 1 1 1 1 low station Solid waste transfer stormwater TU102009F 1 1 1 1 low station runoff Solid waste transfer stormwater OR102009F 1 1 2 1 low station runoff STEDS—Mannum PA102016G overflow 1 3 4 2 high STEDS—Mannum NU102016G overflow 1 3 3 1 moderate STEDS—Mannum OR102016G overflow 1 3 2 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra PA102010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra NU102010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra TU102010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra PA102010B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra NU102010B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Cowirra TU102010B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum PA102011A discharge 3 3 1 2 low Stormwater—Mannum NU102011A discharge 3 3 1 2 low Stormwater—Mannum TU102011A discharge 3 3 1 2 low Stormwater—Mannum OR102011A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum HE102011A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum PE102011A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum HY102011A discharge 3 3 2 1 moderate Stormwater—Mannum PA102011B event discharge 2 2 2 2 low Stormwater—Mannum NU102011B event discharge 2 2 2 2 low Stormwater—Mannum TU102011B event discharge 2 2 2 2 low Stormwater—Mannum OR102011B event discharge 2 2 1 1 low Stormwater—Mannum HE102011B event discharge 2 2 2 1 low Stormwater—Mannum PE102011B event discharge 2 2 2 1 low Stormwater—Mannum HY102011B event discharge 2 2 3 1 moderate
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UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC Wetland—Baseby NU102017A discharge 1 1 2 1 low Wetland—Baseby PA102017A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Wetland—Baseby SA102017A discharge 2 1 2 2 low Dairy—Neeta Irrigation PA103001A discharge 4 4 3 2 high Area Dairy—Neeta Irrigation NU103001A discharge 4 4 3 3 high Area Dairy—Neeta Irrigation PE103001A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Area Dairy—Neeta Irrigation PA103001B event discharge 2 3 4 1 high Area Dairy—Neeta Irrigation NU103001B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Area Dairy—Neeta Irrigation PE103001B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Area Dairy—Wall Flat Irrigation PA103002A discharge 4 4 3 2 high Area Dairy—Wall Flat Irrigation NU103002A discharge 4 4 3 3 high Area Dairy—Wall Flat Irrigation PE103002A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Area Dairy—Wall Flat Irrigation PA103002B event discharge 2 3 5 1 very high Area Dairy—Wall Flat Irrigation NU103002B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Area Dairy—Wall Flat Irrigation PE103002B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Area Septic tanks—Wall Flat PA103004A discharge 2 2 1 2 low Septic tanks—Wall Flat NU103004A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Septic tanks—Wall Flat OR103004A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Stormwater—Wall Flat PA103005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Wall Flat TU103005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Wall Flat OR103005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Wall Flat PE103005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Wall Flat PA103005B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Wall Flat TU103005B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Stormwater—Wall Flat OR103005B event discharge 2 2 1 1 low Stormwater—Wall Flat PE103005B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Wetland—Wall Levee PA103007A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Wetland—Wall Levee NU103007A discharge 1 1 2 1 low Wetland—Wall Levee SA103007A discharge 2 1 2 2 low Wetland—Wall Swamp PA103006A discharge 3 1 1 1 low
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UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC Wetland—Wall Swamp NU103006A discharge 1 1 2 1 low Wetland—Wall Swamp SA103006A discharge 2 1 2 2 low Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation PA104003A discharge 4 4 3 2 high Area Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation NU104003A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Area Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation PE104003A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Area Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation PA104003B event discharge 2 3 4 1 high Area Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation NU104003B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Area Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation PE104003B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Area Dairy—Wall Flat Irrigation PE104002A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Area Dairy—Wall Flat Irrigation PE104002B event discharge 1 3 2 1 low Area Horticulture (irrigated)— irrigation NU104006D 2 2 1 2 low Woodlane drainage Storm event— STEDS—Woodlane PA104004C 1 3 2 2 low overflow Storm event— STEDS—Woodlane NU104004C 1 3 3 1 moderate overflow Storm event— STEDS—Woodlane OR104004C 1 3 1 1 low overflow Stormwater—Pompoota PA104005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Pompoota NU104005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Pompoota TU104005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Pompoota PA104005B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Pompoota NU104005B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Pompoota TU104005B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Pompoota? OR104005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Pompoota? OR104005B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation PA105003A discharge 4 4 2 2 high Area Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation NU105003A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Area Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation PE105003A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Area Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation PA105003B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Area Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation NU105003B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Area
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UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC Dairy—Pompoota Irrigation PE105003B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Area Horticulture (irrigated)— irrigation NU105006D 2 2 1 2 low Woodlane drainage Horticulture (irrigated)— irrigation PE105006D 2 1 2 1 low Woodlane drainage Storm event— STEDS—Woodlane PA105004C 1 2 2 1 low overflow Storm event— STEDS—Woodlane NU105004C 1 2 1 1 low overflow Dairy—Mypolonga PA106002A discharge 4 4 3 2 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga NU106002A discharge 4 4 3 3 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga PE106002A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga PA106002B event discharge 2 3 5 1 very high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga NU106002B event discharge 2 3 4 2 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga PE106002B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dryland drainage (eastern SA106007A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate side) Horticulture (irrigated)— irrigation NU106006D 1 2 1 2 low Mypolonga drainage Horticulture (irrigated)— irrigation PE106006D 1 2 1 1 low Mypolonga drainage Piggery—EPA Lic. 12764 PA106003A discharge 1 3 1 2 low (Cromwell) Piggery—EPA Lic. 12764 NU106003A discharge 1 3 1 2 low (Cromwell) Piggery—EPA Lic. 12764 storm event OR106003C 2 2 1 2 low (Cromwell) (overflow Quarry at Paiwalla TU106010B event discharge 3 2 2 1 moderate wetland Septic tanks—Mypolonga OR106004A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Septic tanks—Mypolonga NU106004A discharge 5 3 1 2 moderate Storm event— Septic tanks—Mypolonga PA106004C 5 3 2 2 high overflow Stormwater—Mypolonga PA106005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Mypolonga NU106005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Mypolonga TU106005A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Stormwater—Mypolonga PE106005A discharge 3 3 1 1 low
52 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC Stormwater—Mypolonga PA106005B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Stormwater—Mypolonga NU106005B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Stormwater—Mypolonga TU106005B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Stormwater—Mypolonga PE106005B event discharge 2 2 2 1 low Wetland—Mypolonga discharge at low PA106008E 3 1 1 1 low Levee pool Wetland—Mypolonga discharge at low NU106008E 2 1 2 1 low Levee pool Wetland—Mypolonga discharge at low SA106008E 2 1 2 2 low Levee pool Wetland—Paiwalla Swamp discharge at low PA106009E 3 1 1 1 low open to river pool Wetland—Paiwalla Swamp discharge at low NU106009E 2 1 2 1 low open to river pool Wetland—Paiwalla Swamp discharge at low SA106009E 2 1 2 2 low open to river pool
53 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
D.2 Recreation zones, hazard and risk assessment tables UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC Blackwater— houseboats PA201001C deliberate discharge 1 1 2 1 low (general) Blackwater— houseboats PA201002C deliberate discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate (moored) Dairy—Cowirra PA201003A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra PE201003A discharge 4 1 1 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra PA201003B event discharge 2 3 3 3 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra PE201003B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Irrigation Area Dairy milking sheds—Cowirra PA201004B event discharge 1 2 3 2 moderate Irrigation A Dairy milking sheds—Cowirra TU201004B event discharge 2 2 2 2 low Irrigation A Ferries PA201005D wash down 3 2 1 1 low Recreation zone PA201006E human excreta 3 1 1 1 low River vessel spillage while pump-out PA201007F 3 1 1 1 low pumping station—Mannum Septic tanks— PA201008A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— PA201010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— TU201010A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— PA201010B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— TU201010B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— HY201011A discharge 3 3 3 1 high Mannum Stormwater— PA201011A discharge 3 3 2 2 moderate Mannum Stormwater— PE201011A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Mannum Stormwater— TU201011A discharge 3 3 3 2 high Mannum Stormwater— HY201011B event discharge 2 2 4 1 high Mannum
54 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT RISK ACTIVITY GEO_CODE HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ LIKEHD CONSEQ DESC Stormwater— PA201011B event discharge 2 2 3 2 moderate Mannum Stormwater— PE201011B event discharge 2 2 2 1 low Mannum Stormwater— TU201011B event discharge 2 2 4 2 high Mannum Dairy—Pompoota PA202003A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota PE202003A discharge 4 1 1 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota PA202003B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota PE202003B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Irrigation Area Dairy milking sheds—Pompoota PA202005B event discharge 1 2 2 2 low Irrigation Dairy milking sheds—Pompoota TU202005B event discharge 2 2 2 2 low Irrigation STEDS—Woodlane PA202004C storm event—overflow 1 3 4 1 high
D.3 Aquatic ecosystem zones, hazard and risk assessment tables
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Blackwater discharge— NU301003A discharge 3 1 1 1 low houseboats (general) Blackwater discharge— NU301004A discharge 3 1 3 1 high houseboats (moored) Commercial houseboat HY301012H accident spillage 1 3 3 2 moderate mooring Dairy—Cowirra HE301001A discharge 3 4 2 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra NU301001A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra OR301001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra PE301001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra TU301001A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation Area
55 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Dairy—Cowirra HE301001B event discharge 1 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra NU301001B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra OR301001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra PE301001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Cowirra TU301001B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation Area Dairy milking sheds—Cowirra NU301013B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low Irrigation Dairy milking sheds—Cowirra OR301013B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low Irrigation Ferries HY301009D wash down 3 2 1 1 low Ferries NU301009D wash down 3 2 1 2 low Ferries OR301009D wash down 3 2 1 2 low Greywater discharge— NU301014A discharge 5 5 2 1 high houseboats (moored) Petrol stations HY301010F leakage 1 1 3 1 moderate Recreational river operating & HY301011G 4 2 2 1 high craft refuelling Regional SA301019A drainage 4 5 1 5 moderate groundwater River vessel spillage during pump-out NU301015I 1 2 3 1 moderate pump-out station—Mannum River vessel spillage during pump-out OR301015I 1 2 3 1 moderate pump-out station—Mannum Septic tanks— NU301016A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Cowirra Septic tanks— OR301016A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Cowirra Slipway HE301002D wash down 1 1 2 1 low Solid waste transfer station HE301006E leachate drainage 1 1 1 1 low and landfill Solid waste transfer station NU301006E stormwater runoff 1 1 2 1 low and landfill
56 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Solid waste transfer station OR301006E stormwater runoff 1 1 2 1 low and landfill Solid waste transfer station TU301006E stormwater runoff 1 1 1 1 low and landfill STEDS—Mannum NU301017J overflow 1 3 4 1 high STEDS—Mannum OR301017J overflow 1 3 4 1 high Stormwater— HE301007A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— NU301007A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— OR301007A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— TU301007A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— HE301007B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— NU301007B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— OR301007B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— TU301007B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Cowirra Stormwater— HE301008A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Mannum Stormwater— NU301008A discharge 3 3 2 2 moderate Mannum Stormwater— OR301008A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Mannum Stormwater— PE301008A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Mannum Stormwater— TU301008A discharge 3 3 1 2 low Mannum Stormwater— HE301008B event discharge 2 2 3 1 moderate Mannum Stormwater— NU301008B event discharge 2 2 3 2 moderate Mannum Stormwater— OR301008B event discharge 2 2 2 1 low Mannum Stormwater— PE301008B event discharge 2 2 2 1 low Mannum Stormwater— TU301008B event discharge 2 2 2 2 low Mannum Wetland—Cowirra discharge at low NU301018C 1 1 1 1 low Levee pool
57 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Wetland—Cowirra discharge at low OR301018C 1 1 2 1 low Levee pool Wetland—Cowirra discharge at low SA301018C 1 1 3 1 moderate Levee pool Dairy—Baseby NU302001A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Baseby OR302001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Baseby PE302001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Baseby TU302001A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Baseby NU302001B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Baseby OR302001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Baseby PE302001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Baseby TU302001B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation Area Dairy—Neeta Irrigation Area NU302002A discharge 4 4 2 3 high (part of) Dairy—Neeta Irrigation Area OR302002A discharge 4 4 2 1 high (part of) Dairy—Neeta Irrigation Area PE302002A discharge 4 4 2 1 high (part of) Dairy—Neeta Irrigation Area TU302002A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate (part of) Dairy—Neeta Irrigation Area NU302002B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate (part of) Dairy—Neeta Irrigation Area OR302002B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate (part of) Dairy—Neeta Irrigation Area PE302002B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate (part of) Dairy—Neeta Irrigation Area TU302002B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low (part of) Dairy milking sheds—Baseby NU302003B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low Irrigation
58 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Dairy milking sheds—Baseby OR302003B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low Irrigation Dairy milking sheds—Neeta NU302012B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low Irrigation A Dairy milking sheds—Neeta OR302012B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low Irrigation A Horticulture— irrigated veg (E NU302004A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate side) Horticulture— irrigated veg (E PE302004A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate side) Horticulture— irrigated veg (E TU302004A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate side) Horticulture— irrigated veg (E NU302004B event discharge 2 1 3 1 moderate side) Horticulture— irrigated veg (E PE302004B event discharge 2 1 3 1 moderate side) Horticulture— irrigated veg (E TU302004B event discharge 2 1 3 1 moderate side) discharge (event Reedy Creek OR302005B 2 2 1 1 low only) Reedy Creek NU302005B event discharge 2 2 1 1 low Reedy Creek TU302005B event discharge 2 2 1 1 low Regional groundwater SA302012D drainage 4 5 1 5 moderate drainage (E side) STEDS—Caloote NU302006B event discharge 1 2 2 1 low Landing STEDS—Caloote OR302006B event discharge 1 3 2 1 low Landing Stormwater— NU302008A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Caloote Landing Stormwater— OR302008A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Caloote Landing Stormwater— PE302008A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Caloote Landing Stormwater— TU302008A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Caloote Landing Stormwater— NU302008B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Caloote Landing
59 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Stormwater— OR302008B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Caloote Landing Stormwater— PE302008B event discharge 2 2 1 1 low Caloote Landing Stormwater— TU302008B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Caloote Landing discharge at low Wetland—Baseby NU302009C 1 1 1 1 low pool discharge at low Wetland—Baseby OR302009C 2 1 2 1 low pool discharge at low Wetland—Baseby SA302009C 1 1 3 1 moderate pool discharge at low Wetland—Neeta NU302010C 1 1 1 1 low pool discharge at low Wetland—Neeta OR302010C 2 1 2 1 low pool discharge at low Wetland—Neeta SA302010C 1 1 3 1 moderate pool Dairy—Neeta NU303001A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Neeta OR303001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Neeta PE303001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Neeta TU303001A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Neeta NU303001B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Neeta OR303001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Neeta PE303001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Neeta TU303001B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation Area Dairy—Wall Flat NU303002A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Wall Flat OR303002A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Wall Flat PE303002A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Wall Flat TU303002A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Wall Flat NU303002B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Irrigation Area
Dairy—Wall Flat OR303002B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate
60 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Irrigation Area Dairy—Wall Flat PE303002B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Wall Flat TU303002B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation Area Dairy milk sheds— Neeta Irrigation OR303010B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low Area Dairy milk sheds— Wall Flat OR303011B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low Irrigation Regional SA303012D drainage 4 5 1 5 moderate groundwater Septic tanks— NU303003A discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Wall Flat Septic tanks— OR303003A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Wall Flat Stormwater—Wall HE303008A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Flat Stormwater—Wall OR303008A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Flat Stormwater—Wall PE303008A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Flat Stormwater—Wall TU303008A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Flat Stormwater—Wall HE303008B event discharge 2 1 1 1 low Flat Stormwater—Wall OR303008B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Flat Stormwater—Wall PE303008B event discharge 2 2 1 1 low Flat Stormwater—Wall TU303008B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Flat Wetland—Neeta SA303004C discharge 1 1 3 1 moderate Flats Wetland—Neeta discharge at low NU303004C 1 1 1 1 low Flats pool Wetland—Neeta discharge at low OR303004C 2 1 2 1 low Flats pool Wetland—Wall discharge at low NU303005C 1 1 1 1 low Levee pool Wetland—Wall discharge at low OR303005C 2 1 2 1 low Levee pool Wetland—Wall discharge at low SA303005C 1 1 3 1 moderate Levee pool
Wetland—Wall NU303006C discharge at low 1 1 1 1 low Swamp pool
61 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Swamp pool
Wetland—Wall discharge at low OR303006C 2 1 2 1 low Swamp pool Wetland—Wall discharge at low SA303006C 1 1 3 1 moderate Swamp pool Dairy—Neeta NU304001A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation area Dairy—Neeta OR304001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation area Dairy—Neeta PE304001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation area Dairy—Neeta TU304001A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Neeta NU304001B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Neeta OR304001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Neeta PE304001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Neeta TU304001B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat NU304002A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat NU304002A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat OR304002A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat PE304002A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat TU304002A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat OR304002B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat PE304002B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat TU304002B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation area Dairy milking NU304003B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low sheds Dairy milking OR304003B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low sheds Horticulture— irrigated NU304004A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate oleaginous
Horticulture— NU304004B event discharge 2 1 3 1 moderate
62 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ irrigated oleaginous Regional groundwater SA304008C drainage 4 5 1 5 moderate discharge Septic tank/portaloo— NU304005A discharge 2 2 1 1 low temp caravan park Septic tanks— NU304006A discharge 2 2 1 1 low Wall Flat Stormwater—Wall NU304007A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Flat—shacks Stormwater—Wall OR304007A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Flat—shacks Stormwater—Wall NU304007B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Flat—shacks Stormwater—Wall OR304007B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Flat—shacks Wetland—Wall discharge at low NU304008C 1 1 1 1 low Levee pool Wetland—Wall discharge at low SA304008D 1 1 3 1 moderate Levee pool Dairy—Pompoota NU305001A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota OR305001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota PE305001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota TU305001A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota NU305001B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota OR305001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota PE305001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota TU305001B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation Area Dairy—Wall Flat NU305002A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat OR305002A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat PE305002A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat TU305002A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation area
63 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Dairy—Wall Flat NU305002B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat OR305002B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat PE305002B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation area Dairy—Wall Flat TU305002B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation area Dairy milking NU305003B event discharge 2 3 2 2 low sheds Horticulture (irrigated)— NU305004A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate Woodlane Horticulture (irrigated)— NU305004B event discharge 2 1 3 1 moderate Woodlane Regional SA305006C drainage 4 5 1 5 moderate groundwater STEDS—Woodlane NU305005B event discharge 1 2 2 1 low STEDS—Woodlane OR305005B event discharge 1 3 2 1 low Dairy—Pompoota NU306001A discharge 4 4 2 3 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota OR306001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota PE306001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota TU306001A discharge 4 4 1 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota NU306001B event discharge 2 3 3 2 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota OR306001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota PE306001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dairy—Pompoota TU306001B event discharge 2 3 2 1 low Irrigation Area Horticulture (irrigated)— NU306003A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate Woodlane Horticulture (irrigated)— PE306003A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate Woodlane Horticulture (irrigated)— NU306003B event discharge 2 1 3 1 moderate Woodlane
Horticulture PE306003B event discharge 2 1 3 1 moderate
64 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
(irrigated)— Woodlane Quarry at TU306005B event discharge 3 2 2 1 moderate Paiwalla wetland Regional SA306007E drainage 4 5 1 5 moderate groundwater Stormwater— TU306006A discharge 3 1 1 1 low Woodlane Stormwater— TU306006B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low Woodlane Quarry at TU307006A discharge 3 2 3 1 high Paiwalla wetland Regional groundwater SA307009A discharge 4 5 1 5 moderate discharge Stormwater TU307008B event discharge 2 1 2 1 low (unsealed roads) Surface drainage TU307007B event discharge 3 2 2 1 moderate (W side) Wetland— discharge at low NU307003C 1 1 1 1 low Mypolonga Levee pool Wetland— discharge at low OR307003C 2 1 2 1 low Mypolonga Levee pool Wetland— discharge at low OR307003C 2 1 2 1 low Mypolonga Levee pool Wetland— discharge at low SA307003C 1 1 3 1 moderate Mypolonga Levee pool Wetland— discharge at low NU307004C 1 1 1 1 low Paiwalla Gully pool Wetland— discharge at low OR307004C 2 1 2 1 low Paiwalla Gully pool Wetland— discharge at low SA307004C 1 1 3 1 moderate Paiwalla Gully pool Wetland— discharge at low SA307004C 1 1 3 1 moderate Paiwalla Gully pool Wetland— discharge at low Paiwalla Swamp NU307005C 1 1 1 1 low pool open to river Wetland— discharge at low Paiwalla Swamp OR307005C 2 1 2 1 low pool open to river Wetland— discharge at low Paiwalla Swamp SA307005C 1 1 3 1 moderate pool open to river Wetland— discharge at low Paiwalla Swamp SA307005C 1 1 3 1 moderate pool open to river
65 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Dairy—Mypolonga NU308001A discharge 4 4 3 3 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga PA308001A discharge 4 4 3 2 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga PE308001A discharge 4 4 2 1 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga NU308001B event discharge 2 3 4 2 high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga PA308001B event discharge 2 3 5 1 very high Irrigation Area Dairy—Mypolonga PE308001B event discharge 2 3 3 1 moderate Irrigation Area Dryland drainage SA308010A discharge 3 1 2 1 moderate (eastern side) Horticulture (irrigated)— NU308007F irrigation drainage 1 2 1 2 low Mypolonga Horticulture (irrigated)— PE308007F irrigation drainage 1 2 1 1 low Mypolonga storm event Piggery NU308008C (overflow lagoons, 2 2 1 2 low Irrigation storm event Piggery OR308008C (overflow lagoons, 2 2 1 2 low Irrigation Piggery EPA storm event Lic.12764—(W NU308002C (overflow lagoons, 1 3 1 2 low side of rive Irrigation Piggery EPA storm event Lic.12764—(W PA308002C (overflow lagoons, 1 3 1 2 low side of rive Irrigation Septic tanks— discharge to NU308003D 5 3 1 2 moderate Mypolonga groundwater Septic tanks— discharge to OR308003D 2 2 1 1 low Mypolonga groundwater Septic tanks— Storm event— PA308003D 5 3 2 2 high Mypolonga overflow Stormwater— NU308004A discharge 3 1 2 2 moderate Mypolonga Stormwater— PA308004A discharge 3 1 1 2 low Mypolonga Stormwater— PE308004A discharge 3 3 1 1 low Mypolonga Stormwater— TU308004A discharge 3 1 1 2 low Mypolonga
Stormwater— NU308004B event discharge 2 1 3 2 moderate
66 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
UNCERT UNCERT ACTIVITY AQC_GEO_CO HAZARD_EVENT LIKEHD CONSEQ RISK DESC LIKEHD CONSEQ
Mypolonga Stormwater— PA308004B event discharge 2 1 2 2 low Mypolonga Stormwater— PE308004B event discharge 2 2 4 1 high Mypolonga Stormwater— TU308004B event discharge 2 1 2 2 low Mypolonga Wetland— discharge at low NU308005E 2 1 2 1 low Mypolonga Levee pool Wetland— discharge at low PA308005E 2 1 1 1 low Mypolonga Levee pool Wetland— discharge at low SA308005E 2 1 2 2 low Mypolonga Levee pool
67 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Appendix E. Sample maps for water quality risk analysis
E.1 Raw zone 101
E.1.1 Heavy metals—raw water zone 101 map
68 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.1.2 Hydrocarbons—raw water zone 101 map
69 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.1.3 Nutrients—raw water zone 101 map
70 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.1.4 Natural organic matter—raw water zone 101 map
71 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.1.5 Pathogens—raw water zone 101 map
72 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.1.6 Pesticides—raw water zone 101 map
73 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.1.7 Turbidity—raw water zone 101 map
74 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.2 Recreation zone 201
E.2.1 Hydrocarbons—recreation zone 201 map
75 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.2.2 Nutrients—recreation zone 201 map
76 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.2.3 Pathogens—recreation zone 201 map
77 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.2.4 Pesticides—recreation zone 201 map
78 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.2.5 Turbidity—recreation zone 201 map
79 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.3 Aquatic ecosystems zone 301
E.3.1 Heavy metals—aquatic water zone 301 map
80 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.3.2 Hydrocarbons—aquatic water zone 301 map
81 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.3.3 Nutrients—aquatic water zone 301 map
82 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.3.4 Natural organic matter—aquatic water zone 301 map
83 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.3.5 Pesticides—aquatic water zone 301 map
84 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.3.6 Salinity—aquatic water zone 301 map
85 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
E.3.7 Turbidity—aquatic water zone 301 map
86 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Appendix F. Glossary aquatic ecosystem The environmental value of aquatic ecosystems includes their (fresh and marine water) ecological integrity and the associated native flora and fauna. Preserving these features involves protecting the ability of the water to support and maintain a balanced community of organisms comparable with that of a natural habitat. hazard a biological, chemical or physical agent that has the potential to cause harm consequence an outcome of a hazardous event expressed qualitatively or quantitatively, in relation to an environmental value, including a measure of the magnitude of the effect7 hazardous event an incident or situation that can lead to a risk scenario a combination of events and conditions event an incident or situation that occurs in a particular place at a particular time which may result in the release of a hazard likelihood a qualitative description of the probability or frequency of a hazard being released potable use water intended for human consumption (drinking and domestic use) raw water water in its natural state, prior to any treatment, or the water entering the first treatment processes of a water treatment plant recreation and aesthetics the environmental value of recreational water quality and aesthetics includes primary and secondary contact and visual use primary contact full body contact with the water such as swimming, surfing, diving, and water skiing secondary contact partial body contact such as wading, paddling by children, boating and fishing where the probability of swallowing water is unlikely aesthetic (visual) use the visual appearance and enjoyment of the water risk risk = likelihood (of cause) x consequence (of effect)
Appendix G. Reference
Integrated Natural Resource Management (NRM) Group for the South Australian Murray Darling Basin Inc. Feb 2004, Investment Strategy Phase 2—Report on the process for determining investment priorities.
7 AS/NSZ 4360—Environmental Risk Management: Principles and Processes
87 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Appendix H. Addendum to Mannum to Mypolonga Trial through Stage 2 Risk Assessment.
Supporting statement for amended hazards in the Mannum to Mypolonga Area The following table denotes the additional hazards identified and assessed through the community consultation process in the Mannum to Wellington Local Action Planning Area during Stage 2 of the Risk Assessment. Although these adjustments are not displayed with the hard copy maps within this report, they have been updated on the spatial GIS database collated and managed by EPA Murraylands. All potential recommendations are already covered in the Action Plan (table 7) for the Mannum to Mypolonga Trial report.
88 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial 89
Risks to Aquatic Ecosystem Health Nutrients Turbidity Organics Heavy metals
GEO_CODE ACTIVITY_DESCRIPTION RAW ZONE ECO ZONE REC ZONE HAZARDOUS EVENT Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert MW00184C Boat Ramp - north of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO001 MWREC001 Accidental spillage MW00185C Boat Ramp - south of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage MW00186C Boat Ramp - d/s Mannum MWECO003 MWREC002 Accidental spillage MW00187C Boat Ramp - Baseby IA. Caloote MWECO004 MWREC002 Accidental spillage River Vessel Waste Disposal - MW00188C Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 132 2121 2 MW00189C Boat Ramp - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Accidental spillage MW00190C Boat Ramp - 'Terrigal' MWECO006 Accidental spillage
MW00191C Boat Ramp - Adj Woodlane Pump St MWRAW003 MWECO008 Accidental spillage Dredging - Lic # 12770 - Mannum MW00194T Golf Course MWRAW001 MWECO002 Turbidity 221 2221 2 MW00196C STEDS - Caloote - Lic # 13299 MWECO004 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 121 3 MW00205A Dairy - Cowirra Irrigation Area MWECO003 Discharge 412 3412 3412 3 MW00205B Dairy - Cowirra Irrigation Area MWECO003 Event discharge 211 3211 3211 3 MW00206C Pump - Irrigation - Baseby IA MWECO003 Accidental spillage MW00207C Pump - Irrigation - Baseby IA MWECO004 Accidental spillage MW00208I Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Runoff 121 3121 3121 3121 3 MW00208L Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Leachate 111 3 MW00210G Recreation Zone - Wall Flat MWRAW002 MWECO006 Human excreta 221 2
MW00212A Swamp Discharge - Thiele Swamp MWECO009 Discharge 322 3322 3322 32
MW00212B Swamp Discharge - Thiele Swamp MWECO009 Event discharge 221 3221 3232 32 MW00217C Boat Ramp- Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO006 Accidental spillage
MW00220C Pump-Irrigation - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Accidental spillage MW00227C Pump-Irrigation- Cowirra IA MWECO003 Accidental spillage MW00228C Pump-Irrigation- Baseby IA MWECO004 Accidental spillage MW00229C Pump-Irrigation- Neeta IA MWECO004 MWREC002 Accidental spillage
MW00231T Dredging - Lic # 14146 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Turbidity 132 2132 2
MW00232T Dredging - Lic # 14274 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Turbidity 221 2221 2
River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Pesticides Hydrocarbons Salinity
GEO_CODE ACTIVITY_DESCRIPTION RAW ZONE ECO ZONE REC ZONE HAZARDOUS EVENT Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert MW00184C Boat Ramp - north of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO001 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 221 2 MW00185C Boat Ramp - south of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 221 2 MW00186C Boat Ramp - d/s Mannum MWECO003 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 221 2 MW00187C Boat Ramp - Baseby IA. Caloote MWECO004 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 221 2 River Vessel Waste Disposal - MW00188C Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage MW00189C Boat Ramp - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 221 2 MW00190C Boat Ramp - 'Terrigal' MWECO006 Accidental spillage 111 2
MW00191C Boat Ramp - Adj Woodlane Pump St MWRAW003 MWECO008 Accidental spillage 221 2 Dredging - Lic # 12770 - Mannum MW00194T Golf Course MWRAW001 MWECO002 Turbidity MW00196C STEDS - Caloote - Lic # 13299 MWECO004 MWREC002 Accidental spillage MW00205A Dairy - Cowirra Irrigation Area MWECO003 Discharge 412 2412 3 MW00205B Dairy - Cowirra Irrigation Area MWECO003 Event discharge 211 2211 3 MW00206C Pump - Irrigation - Baseby IA MWECO003 Accidental spillage 132 3 MW00207C Pump - Irrigation - Baseby IA MWECO004 Accidental spillage 111 3 MW00208I Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Runoff MW00208L Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Leachate MW00210G Recreation Zone - Wall Flat MWRAW002 MWECO006 Human excreta
MW00212A Swamp Discharge - Thiele Swamp MWECO009 Discharge 311 2322 3
MW00212B Swamp Discharge - Thiele Swamp MWECO009 Event discharge 211 2221 3 MW00217C Boat Ramp- Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO006 Accidental spillage 221 3
MW00220C Pump - Irrigation - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 221 3 MW00227C Pump-Irrigation- Cowirra IA MWECO003 Accidental spillage 221 3 MW00228C Pump-Irrigation- Baseby IA MWECO004 Accidental spillage 121 3 MW00229C Pump-Irrigation- Neeta IA MWECO004 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 221 3
MW00231T Dredging - Lic # 14146 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Turbidity
MW00232T Dredging - Lic # 14274 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Turbidity
90 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Risks to Recreation (primary contact) Pathogens Turbidity Nutrients Hydrocarbons
GEO_CODE ACTIVITY_DESCRIPTION RAW ZONE ECO ZONE REC ZONE HAZARDOUS EVENT Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert MW00184C Boat Ramp - north of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO001 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 221 2 MW00185C Boat Ramp - south of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 221 2 MW00186C Boat Ramp - d/s Mannum MWECO003 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 221 2 MW00187C Boat Ramp - Baseby IA. Caloote MWECO004 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 221 2 River Vessel Waste Disposal - MW00188C Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 132 2121 2 MW00189C Boat Ramp - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 221 2 MW00196C STEDS - Caloote - Lic # 13299 MWECO004 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 132 2121 2 MW00208I Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Runoff 211 2211 2 MW00208L Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Leachate 211 2
MW00220C Pump - Irrigation - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 111 2 MW00229C Pump-Irrigation- Neeta IA MWECO004 MWREC002 Accidental spillage 111 2
MW00231T Dredging - Lic # 14146 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Turbidity 121 2
MW00232T Dredging - Lic # 14274 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Turbidity 211 2
Risks to Raw Water Supply Pathogens Nutrients Turbidity
GEO_CODE ACTIVITY_DESCRIPTION RAW ZONE ECO ZONE REC ZONE HAZARDOUS EVENT Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert MW00184C Boat Ramp - north of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO001 MWREC001 Accidental spillage MW00185C Boat Ramp - south of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage River Vessel Waste Disposal - MW00188C Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 121 2121 2 MW00189C Boat Ramp - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC002 Accidental spillage
MW00191C Boat Ramp - Adj Woodlane Pump St MWRAW003 MWECO008 Accidental spillage Dredging - Lic # 12770 - Mannum MW00194T Golf Course MWRAW001 MWECO002 Turbidity 211 2 MW00208I Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 Runoff 111 3111 3 MW00208L Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 Leachate MW00210G Recreation Zone - Wall Flat MWRAW002 MWECO006 Human excreta 221 3221 3 MW00217C Boat Ramp- Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO006
MW00220C Pump - Irrigation - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 Accidental spillage
MW00231T Dredging - Lic # 14146 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Turbidity 121 2
MW00232T Dredging - Lic # 14274 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Turbidity 221 2
91 River Murray and Lower Lakes—Mannum to Mypolonga Trial
Heavy metals Hydrocarbons Natural organic matter
GEO_CODE ACTIVITY_DESCRIPTION RAW ZONE ECO ZONE REC ZONE HAZARDOUS EVENT Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert Like Conseq Risk Uncert MW00184C Boat Ramp - north of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO001 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 111 2 MW00185C Boat Ramp - south of Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 211 2 River Vessel Waste Disposal - MW00188C Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC001 Accidental spillage 121 2 MW00189C Boat Ramp - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 MWREC001A Accidental spillage 111 2
MW00191C Boat Ramp - Adj Woodlane Pump St MWRAW003 MWECO008 Accidental spillage 111 2 Dredging - Lic # 12770 - Mannum MW00194T Golf Course MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC014 Turbidity 211 2 MW00208I Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 Runoff 121 3121 3 MW00208L Solid Waste Disposal - Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO005 Leachate 111 3 MW00210G Recreation Zone - Wall Flat MWRAW002 MWECO006 Human excreta MW00217C Boat Ramp- Neeta IA MWRAW002 MWECO006 3 2 2 3
MW00220C Pump - Irrigation - Zadow's Landing MWRAW002 MWECO005 Accidental spillage 111 2
MW00231T Dredging - Lic # 14146 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC014 Turbidity 121 2
MW00232T Dredging - Lic # 14274 - Mannum MWRAW001 MWECO002 MWREC014 Turbidity 221 2
92