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Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N. -
Developing Perspectives on Molluscan Shells, Part 1: Introduction and Molecular Biology
CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPING PERSPECTIVES ON MOLLUSCAN SHELLS, PART 1: INTRODUCTION AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY KEVIN M. KOCOT1, CARMEL MCDOUGALL, and BERNARD M. DEGNAN 1Present Address: Department of Biological Sciences and Alabama Museum of Natural History, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; E-mail: [email protected] School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia CONTENTS Abstract ........................................................................................................2 1.1 Introduction .........................................................................................2 1.2 Insights From Genomics, Transcriptomics, and Proteomics ............13 1.3 Novelty in Molluscan Biomineralization ..........................................21 1.4 Conclusions and Open Questions .....................................................24 Keywords ...................................................................................................27 References ..................................................................................................27 2 Physiology of Molluscs Volume 1: A Collection of Selected Reviews ABSTRACT Molluscs (snails, slugs, clams, squid, chitons, etc.) are renowned for their highly complex and robust shells. Shell formation involves the controlled deposition of calcium carbonate within a framework of macromolecules that are secreted by the outer epithelium of a specialized organ called the mantle. Molluscan shells display remarkable morphological -
The Origin and Diversification of Pteropods Precede Past Perturbations in the Earth’S Carbon Cycle
The origin and diversification of pteropods precede past perturbations in the Earth’s carbon cycle Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburga,b,1, Arie W. Janssena, Deborah Wall-Palmera, Erica Goetzec, Amy E. Maasd, Jonathan A. Todde, and Ferdinand Marlétazf,g,1 aPlankton Diversity and Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; bDepartment Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; cDepartment of Oceanography, University of Hawai’iat Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822; dBermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. Georges GE01, Bermuda; eDepartment of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; fCentre for Life’s Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom; and gMolecular Genetics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna-son 904-0495, Japan Edited by John P. Huelsenbeck, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and accepted by Editorial Board Member David Jablonski August 19, 2020 (received for review November 27, 2019) Pteropods are a group of planktonic gastropods that are widely modern rise in ocean-atmosphere CO2 levels, global warming, and regarded as biological indicators for assessing the impacts of ocean acidification (16–18). Knowing whether major pteropod ocean acidification. Their aragonitic shells are highly sensitive to lineages have been exposed during their evolutionary history to acute changes in ocean chemistry. However, to gain insight into periods of high CO2 is important to extrapolate from current ex- their potential to adapt to current climate change, we need to perimental and observational studies to predictions of species-level accurately reconstruct their evolutionary history and assess their responses to global change over longer timescales. -
The Evolution of the Cephalaspidea (Mollusca: Gastropoda) and Its Implications to the Origins and Phylogeny of the Opisthobranchia Terrence Milton Gosliner
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Doctoral Dissertations Student Scholarship Spring 1978 THE EVOLUTION OF THE CEPHALASPIDEA (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO THE ORIGINS AND PHYLOGENY OF THE OPISTHOBRANCHIA TERRENCE MILTON GOSLINER Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation Recommended Citation GOSLINER, TERRENCE MILTON, "THE EVOLUTION OF THE CEPHALASPIDEA (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) AND ITS IMPLICATIONS TO THE ORIGINS AND PHYLOGENY OF THE OPISTHOBRANCHIA" (1978). Doctoral Dissertations. 1197. https://scholars.unh.edu/dissertation/1197 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. -
University of California, Merced
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, MERCED Evolution of Shell Loss in Opisthobranch Gastropods: Sea Hares (Opisthobranchia, Anaspidea) as a Model System in Quantitative and Systems Biology by Zer Vue Committee Members in Charge: Professor Dr. Mónica Medina, Chair Professor Dr. Benoît Dayrat Professor Dr. Michael D. Cleary 2009 i Copyright Zer Vue, 2009 All rights reserved. ii To my Father and Mother Nou Vue and Chong Xiong I’m not always the best with words, but I would like you to know that I am thankful for everything that you have done for me. To my Family Neng Vue, Kia Vue, Teng Vue, Kao Vue, Lee Jay Vue, Tue Ker Vue, Mein Vue, Mone Vue, MouaJeng Vue Thanks for the various support from everyone. I would not have been able to do it without you guys. To Larry Vang Thanks for catching me every time I fell. To Monica Medina with love Thank you for the great opportunity to work with you. I’ll always have a special place for you in my heart. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS The thesis of Zer Vue is approved, and it is acceptable ......................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ......................................................................... v ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS .............................................................. vii SHELL DEVELOPMENT IN SEA HARES: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EARLY ONTOGENY IN BURSATELLA LEACHII AND APLYSIA CALIFORNICA ....................................................................................................... vii CHARACTERIZATION OF MANTLE SECRETING GENES THROUGHOUT LARVAL DEVELOPMENT IN APLYSIA CALIFORNICA ................................ -
Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) with an Analysis of Traditional Cephalaspid Characters
FAU Institutional Repository http://purl.fcla.edu/fau/fauir This paper was submitted by the faculty of FAU’s Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute. Notice: © 1993 Societa Italiana di Malacologia. This manuscript is an author version with the final publication available and may be cited as: Mikkelsen, P. M. (1993). Monophyly versus the Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda, Opisthobranchia) with an analysis of traditional Cephalaspid characters. Bollettino Malacologico, 29(5-8), 115-138. Boll. Malacologico 29 (1993) (5-8) 11 5-138 Milano 30-11-1993 Paula M. Mikkelsen(*) MONOPHYLY VERSUS THE CEPHALASPIDEA (GASTROPODA, OPISTHOBRANCHIA) WITH AN ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL CEPHA LASPID CHARACTERS (**) KEY WoRDs: Cephalaspidea, Opisthobranchia, systematics, cladistics, phylogeny, homoplasy, parallelism, characters. Abstract The opisthobranch order Cephalaspidea is well-recognized as an unnatural, paraphyletic group characterized by «evolutionary trends» toward reduction and loss of many features. A survey of 35 key classifications and published phylograms involving cephalaspids revealed a general lack of morphological definition for the order and the tenacious use of traditional char acters. Of 49 frequently- used characters, 44 (90%) are problematic for use in modern phyloge· netic (cladistic) analyses due to reductive nature, non-homology, incompleteness, or other grounds. Claims of «rampant parallelism» involving a majority of these characters are based on a priori decisions and are therefore presently unjustified. The few consistent family groups in published phylograms are most strongly supported by characters correlated with diet, and may therefore also be open to question. Successful resolution of the phylogeny of these and other <<lowe r heterobranchs» will require critical reevaluation of cephalaspid morphology to determine an improved set of taxonomically informative, homologous characters. -
Official Lists and Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology
OFFICIAL LISTS AND INDEXES OF NAMES AND WORKS IN ZOOLOGY Supplement 1986-2000 Edited by J. D. D. SMITH Copyright International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 2001 ISBN 0 85301 007 2 Published by The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature c/o The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD U.K. on behalf of lICZtN] The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature 2001 STATUS OF ENTRIES ON OFFICIAL LISTS AND INDEXES OFFICIAL LISTS The status of names, nomenclatural acts and works entered in an Official List is regulated by Article 80.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. All names on Official Lists are available and they may be used as valid, subject to the provisions of the Code and to any conditions recorded in the relevant entries on the Official List or in the rulings recorded in the Opinions or Directions which relate to those entries. However, if a name on an Official List is given a different status by an adopted Part of the List of Available Names in Zoology the status in the latter is to be taken as correct (Article 80.8). A name or nomenclatural act occurring in a work entered in the Official List of Works Approved as Available for Zoological Nomenclature is subject to the provisions of the Code, and to any limitations which may have been imposed by the Commission on the use of that work in zoological nomenclature. OFFICIAL INDEXES The status of names, nomenclatural acts and works entered in an Official Index is regulated by Article 80.7 of the Code. -
The Prosobranch Snail Family Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): Review of Classification and Supraspecific Taxa
The Prosobranch Snail Family Hydrobiidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): Review of Classification and Supraspecific Taxa ALANR KABAT and ROBERT HERSHLE SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 547 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian FoUdife Studies Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world o^ science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review. -
Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca Shell, Body, and Muscles
This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 25 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: CRC Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca Winston F. Ponder, David R. Lindberg, Juliet M. Ponder Shell, Body, and Muscles Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781351115667-3 Winston F. Ponder, David R. Lindberg, Juliet M. Ponder Published online on: 01 Nov 2019 How to cite :- Winston F. Ponder, David R. Lindberg, Juliet M. Ponder. 01 Nov 2019, Shell, Body, and Muscles from: Biology and Evolution of the Mollusca CRC Press Accessed on: 25 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781351115667-3 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. 3 Shell, Body, and Muscles In this chapter, we provide an overview of the external body on the taxon. -
Austrian Museum in Linz (Austria): History of Curatorial and Educational Activities Concerning Molluscs, Checklists and Profiles of Main Contributers
The mollusc collection at the Upper Austrian Museum in Linz (Austria): History of curatorial and educational activities concerning molluscs, checklists and profiles of main contributers E r n a A ESCHT & A g n e s B ISENBERGER Abstract: The Biology CentRe of the UppeR AuStRian MuSeum in Linz (OLML) haRbouRS collectionS of “diveRSe inveRtebRateS“ excluding inSectS fRom moRe than two centuRieS. ThiS cuRatoRShip exiStS Since 1992, Since 1998 tempoRaRily SuppoRted by a mol- luSc SpecialiSt. A hiStoRical SuRvey of acceSSion policy, muSeum’S RemiSeS, and cuRatoRS iS given StaRting fRom 1833. OuR publica- tion activitieS conceRning malacology, papeRS Related to the molluSc collection and expeRienceS on molluSc exhibitionS aRe Sum- maRiSed. The OLML holdS moRe than 105,000 RecoRded, viz laRgely well documented, about 3000 undeteRmined SeRieS and type mateRial of oveR 12,000 nominal molluSc taxa. ImpoRtant contRibuteRS to the pRedominantly gaStRopod collection aRe KaRl WeS- Sely (1861–1946), JoSef GanSlmayR (1872–1950), Stephan ZimmeRmann (1896–1980), WalteR Klemm (1898–1961), ERnSt Mikula (1900–1970), FRitz Seidl (1936–2001) and ChRiSta FRank (maRRied FellneR; *1951). Between 1941 and 1944 the Nazi Regime con- fiScated fouR monaSteRieS, i.e. St. FloRian, WilheRing, Schlägl and Vyšší BRod (HohenfuRth), including alSo molluScS, which have been tRanSfeRRed to Linz and lateR paRtially ReStituted. A contRact diScoveRed in the Abbey Schlägl StRongly SuggeStS that about 12,000 SpecimenS containS “duplicateS” (poSSibly SyntypeS) of SpecieS intRoduced in the 18th centuRy by Ignaz von BoRn and Johann CaRl MegeRle von Mühlfeld. On hand of many photogRaphS, paRticulaRly of taxa Sized within millimeteR RangeS and opeR- ated by the Stacking technique (including thoSe endangeRed in UppeR AuStRia), eigth tableS giving an oveRview on peRSonS involved in buidling the collection and liStS of countRieS and geneRa contained, thiS aRticle intendS to open the molluSc collec- tion of a pRovincial muSeum foR the inteRnational public. -
(2014), Comparative Analysis of Early Ontogeny in Bursatella Leachii and Aplysia Californica
Comparative analysis of early ontogeny in Bursatella leachii and Aplysia californica Zer Vue1,4,5 , Bishoy S. Kamel1,2 , Thomas R. Capo3, Ana T. Bardales3 and Monica´ Medina1,2 1 School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA 2 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA 3 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA 4 Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA 5 Department of Genetics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA ABSTRACT Opisthobranch molluscs exhibit fascinating body plans associated with the evolution of shell loss in multiple lineages. Sea hares in particular are interesting because Aplysia californica is a well-studied model organism that oVers a large suite of genetic tools. Bursatella leachii is a related tropical sea hare that lacks a shell as an adult and therefore lends itself to comparative analysis with A. californica. We have established an enhanced culturing procedure for B. leachii in husbandry that enabled the study of shell formation and loss in this lineage with respect to A. californica life staging. Subjects Aquaculture, Fisheries and Fish Science, Biodiversity, Developmental Biology, Marine Biology, Zoology Keywords Shell loss, Sea hares, Biomineralization, Aquaculture, Larvae INTRODUCTION Submitted 20 June 2014 Accepted 25 November 2014 The Mollusca has been one of the most successful metazoan lineages in exploiting the Published 11 December 2014 advantages of the hard, calcified shellLowenstam ( & Weiner, 1989 ; Weiner& Dove, 2003 ). Corresponding authors Yet there are several molluscan groups that subsequently evolved to have a highly reduced Bishoy S. -
Aplysia Genome for GENOME SEQUENCING SUBMISSION: Submission [email protected]
Re: Sequencing the Aplysia Genome FOR GENOME SEQUENCING SUBMISSION: [email protected] Dear Dr. Felsenfeld and Committee members, We are resubmitting as an attachment a white paper requesting an 8-fold coverage draft genome sequence for the opisthobranch mollusc, Aplysia californica. As described in the proposal, Aplysia is a major model organism for studies in cellular, molecular and behavioral neuroscience, integrative physiology and system biology. It is also ideally placed taxonomically to serve as an important organism for comparative genomics. Access to the genome sequence will provide a stimulus to the already large and dynamic Aplysia community to carry out previously intractable studies in the areas of metazoan evolution, developmental biology, neuroscience and human health. That they are anxious for this is attested to by the more than three dozen major laboratories working with Aplysia and related molluscs, who have sent supporting letters or agreed to have their names attached to this document. This proposal was written in collaboration with Drs. Lander and Birren from the sequencing center (WI-CGR) at MIT, and was vetted by major investigators in neurobiology, genomics, and related model systems, who have also sent letters of support. Specifically, the revised white paper addresses four issues that arose during the previous review process, namely (1) The utility of whole genome sequence (versus ESTs or cDNAs) for answering the most important questions for the community (pages 8-9). In particular, we stress the fact that the growing value of Aplysia as a unique and experimentally tractable model system for functional genomics and neurobiology would be significantly compromised by the lack of genomic information.