Opuscula Philolichenum, 16: 312-316. 2017. *pdf effectively published online 25August2017 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula is a synonym of Myriospora scabrida KERRY KNUDSEN1, JANA KOCOURKOVÁ2 AND JAMES C. LENDEMER3 ABSTRACT. – Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula is lectotypified and synonymized with Myriospora scabrida. The use of the epithet at the species level as A. flavoviridula is shown to be illegitimate, as is the combination into Myriospora. KEYWORDS. – Acarosporaceae, Czech Republic, France, Germany, lectotype, nomenclature, taxonomy. INTRODUCTION We are currently working on the revision of Acarosporaceae in central Europe to produce better illustrated keys for the region. This contribution continues a series of studies revising difficult, little known or forgotten European species in preparation for the aforementioned keys (Knudsen et al. 2014, 2015, in press; Knudsen & Kocourková 2016 & 2017; Knudsen & Nordin 2015). Here we resolve the taxonomy and typification of Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula Harm. ex H. Magn. (Magnusson 1929). MATERIALS AND METHODS Hand sections of specimens from PRM, UPS and the personal herbarium of Hans Ulrich (hb. Ulrich) were studied using standard microscopy (following Brodo et al. 2001). Measurements were made in water. Spot tests were carried out with KOH and C and amyloid hymenium reactions were tested with fresh undiluted Lugol’s (I). A small sample of rock from the lectotype of Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula was tested with hydrochloric acid (HCl). Macromorphological photographs were taken with a digital camera Olympus DP72 mounted on an Olympus SZX 7 Stereomicroscope with image stacks processed using the software Olympus Deep Focus 3.1. TAXONOMIC SECTION Myriospora scabrida (Hedl. ex H. Magn.) K. Knudsen & L. Arcadia, Opuscula Philolichenum 11: 23. 2011. ≡ Acarospora scabrida Hedl. ex H. Magn. Götebergs Kgl. Vet. och Vitterh. Samh. Handl. 28: 55 1924. ≡ Silobia scabrida (Hedl. ex H. Magn.) M. Westb., Lichenologist 43(1): 20. 2011. ≡ Trimmatothelopsis scabrida (Hedl. ex H. Magn.) Cl. Roux & Nav.-Ros., Bull. Soc. linn. Provence 62: 176. 2011. TYPE: NORWAY: SØR-TRØNDELAG: Røros, På jord å vägkant, 15.vii.1895, on soil, E. Vrang & J.P. Gustafsson s.n. (UPS!, lectotype selected by Knudsen (2008)). 1KERRY KNUDSEN – Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol, CZ–165 21, Czech Republic. – e-mail: [email protected] 2JANA KOCOURKOVÁ – Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol, CZ–165 21, Czech Republic. 3JAMES C. LENDEMER – Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. – e-mail: [email protected] 312 Figure 1. Type material of Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula. A–C, lectotype (Crozals s.n., UPS) identified as Myriospora scabrida illustrating thallus on HCl- rock with calcium carbonate deposit probably from adjacent eroding calcareous rocks (A and B), and thallus with typical mature elevated apothecia (C). D, syntype (Kuták 1800, UPS) identified as M. tangerina. Scales 0.5 mm in A, 1.0 mm in B–D. = Acarospora verruciformis H. Magn. Göteborgs Kgl. Vet. och Vitterh. Samh. Handl. 28: 58. 1924. TYPE: NORWAY. SØR-TRØNDELAG: Rörås, 600 m, 24.vii.1919, on siliceous rock, A.H. Magnusson 3688 (UPS[n.v.], lectotype (selected by Jørgensen & Nordin (2009)), S[n.v.], isolectotype) = Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula Harm. ex H. Magn., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.- Acad. Handl., ser. 3, 7(4): 145. 1929. TYPE: FRANCE. LANGUEDO-ROUSILLON: Hèrault, Lamalou-des-Bains, iv.1906, on non-calcareous rock, A. de Crozals s.n. (UPS!, lectotype designated here). Based on the available data Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula was first validly published by H. Magnusson in his monumental monograph on Acarospora (Magnusson 1929) wherein he associated a description with a what was then presumably an unpublished manuscript name of Harmand. The description in Magnusson (1929) was simple: “This is a mean form certainly due to the station: moist or shady situation. Squamules very thick and convex, often irregular in shape. Apothecia sometimes pale. There are often transitional stages”. For Magnusson, this taxon was basically a color form caused by shade and water as alluded to in the epithet “fulvoviridula”. He did not designate a type specimen and instead listed three gatherings in the protologue: a collection from France, a collection from Romania, and a collection from Krkonoše in the Czech Republic. We examined two of the three collections cited by Magnusson, specifically the collections from France and the Czech Republic. The French specimen (Fig. 1A–C; Fig.2) was collected by André de Crozals and likely originally belonged to the French botanist Julien H.A.J. Harmand (1844–1915), who gave it to Maurice Bouly de Lesdain. If a duplicate of the specimen existed in the herbarium of Bouly de Lesdain it would have been lost in the bombing of Dunkerque during World War II as was the case for the rest of Bouly de Lesdain’s herbarium (Abbayes 1966, DePriest 1996, Knudsen et al. in press). The collection from France is typical 313 Myriospora scabrida with pale yellowish-brown coloration, mature elevated apothecia, a thick cortex (30– 50 μm), a high (170–180 μm), amyloid hymenium, interrupted algal layer, paraphyses that are 1.0–1.5 μm wide at midlevel, ascospores that are mostly narrowly ellipsoid (4–5 × 1.5 μm), a typical subhymenium with scattered round cells, and no secondary metabolites (for descriptions of M. scabrida see Magnusson 1929, Knudsen 2008, and Westberg et al. 2011). Pruina is also present on some of the areoles, a character which infrequently occurs on some specimens of M. scabrida (Westberg et al. 2011, Purvis et al. in press). The lectotype occurs on non-calcareous rock (HCl-). Probably eroding adjacent calcareous rock deposited piles of calcium carbonate crystals on the naked rock as well as the areoles of the specimen (Fig. 1). The specimen from the Czech Republic, collected by Václav von Kuták (Fig. 1D), comprises areoles of Myriospora tangerina (M. Westb. & Wedin) K. Knudsen & L. Arcadia, growing on iron-rich rock collected in the Krkonoše Mountains, at Kiesberg, along the shady Rudný brook. Myriospora tangerina is common in the Krkonoše Mountains (Westberg et al. 2011; Knudsen et al. in press). The specimen is typical, with rounded orange areoles (faded from age), small punctiform apothecia, a thick cortex (40–70 μm), a high hymenium (160–200 μm), interrupted algal layer, paraphyses that are 1.0–1.5 μm wide at midlevel, ascospores that are mostly thin ellipsoid (4–5 × 1.5 μm), and no secondary metabolites (for a description of M. tangerina see Westberg et al. 2011). We designate the collection from France by André de Crozals the lectotype for Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula because we think Magnusson would have designated it as holotype based on Magnusson’s attribution of the name to Harmand. We synonymize the form with Myriospora scabrida. Clauzade and Roux (1981: 74) cited Acarospora smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula (Harm.) H. Magn. when they published the name “Acarospora fulvoviridula Harm.”. Citation of the former name clearly linked it to the latter and strongly suggests that they intended to treat Magnusson’s infraspecific taxon at the species level using Harmand’s original unpublished manuscript name. Although Clauzade and Roux (1981) likely did not intend to introduce a nomenclatural novelity in their treatment, their publication must be treated as an attempt at a combination and status novum. This change was however, invalid under Art. 41.5 of the ICN because after 1953 a full and direct citation of the basionym was required (McNeill et al. 2012). Later, Roux et al. (2014) attempted to combine the epithet into the genus Myriospora, but in doing so only cited “Acarospora fulvoviridula Harm. in sched.” rather than the basionym published by Magnusson (1929) or the invalid treatment at the species level by Clauzade and Roux (1981). The new combination Myriospora is also invalid under Art. 41.5 of the ICN (McNeill et al. 2012). Clauzade and Roux (1985), without citing specimens, stated that A. fulvoviridula occurs in the Czech Republic, France, Germany, and Romania. However, those authors were probably referring to specimens identified by H. Magnusson as A. smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula (Magnusson 1929) and a suite of specimens collected by Hans Ulrich in Germany that were annotated by Roux in 1982 (cited in Wirth et al. 2013). Although Acarospora fulvoviridula was invalidly published by Clauzade and Roux (1981), their application of the name is relevant from the standpoint of Acarospora in Europe as their description reported at least three characters that do not match the lectotype selected here. A short description of A. fulvoviridula reported a hymenium height of 100–140 µm (Clauzade & Roux 1981). The lectotype from France has a hymenium height of 170–180 μm. The description also cited paraphyses as being up to 2 μm wide but all paraphyses measured were 1.0–1.5 μm in width in the lectotype. The taxon was also identified in their keys by its pruina, where it was placed in couplet with A. versicolor Bagl. & Car. (Clauzade & Roux 1981) and this was recently mentioned as a distinguishing character for the taxon (Roux et al. 2014). Pruina on the lectotype of A. smaragdula var. lesdainii forma fulvoviridula is variably present or absent on areoles and probably environmental in origin (see discussion in the preceding paragraph). The Ulrich collections from Germany annotated by C. Roux as A. fulvoviridula in 1982 (Ulrich 5182 & 5183) also have a hymenium height of 170–180 μm with thin paraphyses and do not match description in Clauzade and Roux (1981). They have pruina on some areoles but not on most of the areoles.