Treaty of Versailles – Weimar Republic

The new German government People blamed the leaders of The terms of the Treaty of was forced to sign a peace the new German republic for Versailles: Blame - Germany settlement called the Treaty of signing it. They were labelled was forced to accept the blame ______. The the ‘______’ for starting the war under treaty punished Germany because they surrendered in article 231 of the treaty, known militarily, territorially and November 1918 and were seen as the financially. as ______to their ______country. ______.

The terms of the Treaty of The terms of the Treaty of The terms of the Treaty of Versailles: Reparations - This Versailles: Armed Forces – Versailles: Territory - Germany was the name given to the Army limited to ______, lost 13% of it’s European ______Germany had to all planes destroyed and no air ______as well as pay for the damage suffered by force allowed. Germany Navy 11 of its overseas Britain and France during the limited to six battleships and no ______(other war. In 1922 the amount to be ______. countries under Germany’s paid was set at control). £______. Why did the Germans resent Why did the Germans resent Why did the Germans resent the Treaty? – Germany had not the Treaty? – ‘War Guilt’ the Treaty? – The huge ben allowed a part in the ______– ______. Germany ______– the Treaty Germany wasn’t the only was being punished. Harsh was a ______. country that started the First measures caused Germany’s World War. economy to ______.

traitors money 100,000 6.6 billion War Guilt Clause reparations

submarines territory November criminals Versailles colonies negotiations

Article 231 collapse Diktat The early growth of the Nazi Party, 1920-1923

In 1919, Anton Drexler formed At this meeting Hitler made a When Hitler spoke his main the German Workers Party powerful speech and he was talking points were the disgust (DAP) in B______. Hitler invited to join the party. He was at the Treaty of Versailles, his was sent on behalf of the army soon made responsible for hatred of W______and to r______on one of their p______. anti Communist-Jewish meetings. messages.

In February Hitler and Drexler People flocked to join the Nazi As leader Hitler adopted the wrote the Twenty-Five Point Party and the n______s______as the P______. This listed was started up. Hitler became emblem of the party and began the party’s main ideas and the leader in 1921. using the party then became known as one armed NSDAP – Nazi. S______.

Political meetings in Munich Known as a B______In the early 1920s the Nazi (Bavaria) often generated the SA were the Nazi party’s party was only a r______violence. To protect Nazi private army. They would party but Hitler wanted to push speakers, a protection squad disrupt other party’s meetings to become a n______known as the S____ was set up. organisation.

SA swastika propaganda Programme Weimar Brownshirts

salute Bavaria newspaper

report regional national Munich Putsch and the aftermath – Nazi Germany

Munich Putsch - A failed Why? Hitler hoped to copy Why? The Weimar Republic attempt in November ______M______- the was in crisis due to by Hitler to overthrow the Italian fascist leader - who had h______. government of the come to power in Italy in 1922 W______. by marching on R______.

Why? By 1923, the Nazi party Hitler and 3000 supporters Consequences: The Nazi party had ______members marched on M______was b______and Hitler and was stronger than ever town centre to declare himself was prevented from speaking in before. president of Germany. The public until ______. group was met by state police. There was a short fight and s______SA members were killed. Hitler was arrested t______days later.

Consequences: Hitler was tried Consequences: During his time Hitler realised that he would for t______in prison, he wrote ‘______never come to power by (betraying his country) and ______’ . This book became a r______and that he sentenced to five years in bestseller when published – it would have use prison. outlined his political ideas and d______means, so his views on Jews. he reorganised the party to enable it to take part in elections.

Mussolini two Rome democratic banned sixteen 55,000 hyperinflation 1927 1923 high treason Weimar Republic

revolution Munich Mein Kampf Recovery 1923-29–Weimar Germany

From 1923-1929, Germany’s 1923 – Stresemann introduced 1924 – In August 1924, The economy showed signs of a new currency called the R______was given recovery although there were R______in November control of the Rentenmark and still problems. 1923. It helped to stabilise the renamed it the G______, currency and the Germany R______. It’s value the new chancellor, played an people showed confidence in it. was backed by gold which important role. gradually restored the value of German money. 1924-1930 – US loans, 1925 Locarno Pact – Germany 1925 – Stresemann negotiated particularly, the D______agreed to new border with Germany’s entry into the P______- a plan designed to France. The Locarno Pact L______help Germany pay its helped to improve relations . This meant that Germany was reparations. Instalments were with Britain and France. It recognised as a great power reduced to £______a guaranteed borders with once again. year. This greatly helped B______, France and German industry. I______.

1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact – 1929 Young Plan – Reduced Germany was accepted by Germany was one of ___ total reparations to other countries, but German countries that agreed to settle £______and n______hated the disputes p______. It payments could be made over a Dawes and Young Plans and helped other countries to trust longer time. Lower reparations were against having to pay Germany more. meant lower t______for r______at all. German people.

Rentenmark nationalists Reichsbank reparations Gustav Stresemann 2 million Belgium 62 Dawes Plan 50 million Reichsmark peacefully

League of Nations taxes Italy Changes in society 1924-1929

These years saw an German workers saw an The government encouraged improvement it the increase in r______wages. the building of more s______of living. German workers were some of h______. In the late the best paid in Europe. Many 1920s more than t_____ million middle class people did not homes were built. benefit. Homelessness was reduced.

I______to support Women over 20 were allowed Women also enjoyed more people when they became to vote. Women were deputies freedom. They went out unemployed was developed in the R______and were unescorted, drank and and other changes helped getting equal pay to men in s______in public. single mothers and the some jobs. More women began disabled. to work outside the h______.

A______developed as artists It was a Golden Age of The B______movement during the Weimar period c______. Literature and encouraged building in basic wanted to paint showing theatre also flourished. shapes and colours. The style of everyday life because they architecture was very different wanted to be # to before the war. understood by o______people.

Insurance real two ordinary home Bauhaus Art standard smoked Reichstag cinema housing Growth in support 1929-32 – Weimar Germany

Weimar problems – the Weimar Weimar problems – the Weimar Weimar problems – the Weimar government was weak and had government refused to print government cut not solved the more money for fear of creating ______problems. an ______crisis which was unpopular. like that of ______.

Weimar problems – many Rise of Nazis – The Rise of Nazis – the uniformed Germans were unhappy with ______, led to SA (______) the Weimar Republic. With no mass unemployment which made the Nazis seem strong. ______, and benefits cut, allowed the Nazis to get their The SA disrupted opposition families suffered terrible message across. from other ______. parties.

Rise of Nazis – Hitler promised Rise of Nazis – Hitler was Rise of Nazis – Hitler appealed to restore ______and popular and featured on their to all sectors of ______. ______, and travelled ______in one way the country to make election or another – he promised the ______. ______that he could give them work and food.

work depression inflation order economic posters 1923 society Stormtroopers speeches unemployment benefit law

political working classes poverty Reichstag Fire and the Enabling Act 1933 – Nazi Germany

In March 1933 a Dutch Hitler used the fire to persuade Hitler also persuaded communist set fire to President ______Hindenburg to call an the______. Hitler to pass an emergency law ______in order to used this opportunity to accuse restricting personal liberty. This secure more the ______party of enabled him to imprison many ______seats. conspiracy against the communist leaders. government.

The Nazi party managed to This gave Hitler enough seats to The Enabling Act (The Law for secure ______of the change the constitution and removing the Distress of the seats by using the emergency pass the ______Act. People and the Reich) gave powers to prevent to This meant Hitler now had the Hitler the power to issue communists from taking up power to issue new laws emergency ______their ______seats. without consulting without the approval of ______. President Hindenburg.

The Enabling Act stated that: Hitler made the Nazis the only What allowed Hitler to 1) The ______Cabinet legal ______introduce new laws without could pass new laws. organisation in the country - no- the consent of the Reichstag? 2) The laws would overrule the one could now challenge the ______. Nazis ______- ⃝ Enabling Act 3) ______would making opposition very propose the laws. dangerous. ⃝ Reichstag Fire Law ⃝ Concordat

Nazi Reich Communist Hitler Reichstag 81 Enabling decrees political legally two-thirds election

Hindenburg constitution Parliament Hitler becomes Führer – Nazi Germany

Hitler took a series of steps to Hitler felt ______The SA was much bigger than secure the ______in by the leader of the SA the ______and 1934. ______– he did not the army feared Röhm wanted agree with Hitler’s policies. to ______them.

Many of the SA were y angry at On June 30, Hitler organised the The leader of the SA Röhm and still being ______, ‘N______o__ t______SA leaders were but they were loyal to Röhm. L______K______during invited to a meeting – when the which those who threatened to leaders arrived they were oppose the Nazi Party were arrested by the SS and later ______. shot.

______The day Hindenburg died, Hitler What was the date o the Night was the only person senior to announced the army should of the Long Knives when Hitler Hitler. In August 1934, he died. swear an oath of allegiance to eliminated the leadership of the Within hours, a law was passed, ______, not to Germany. SA? merging the roles of ⃝ 24 April 1934 ______and President to create new role ⃝ 30 June 1934 of______. ⃝ 14 July 933

Night of the Long Knives Chancellor threatened Ernst Röhm 100 him replace dictatorship President Hindenburg Führer murdered unemployed A Police State – Nazi Germany

The Nazis used the SS, SD and Hitler set up his own security SS (Protection Squad) – The the Gestapo to control forces as he realised not all the ______everyone’s lives. Anyone the existing German police were set up and controlled by Nazis were suspicious of could ______him. These ______. They ______at any time. forces were run by the Nazi controlled all of Germany’s They could be killed or taken to party – their main weapon police and security forces. ______. was______.

Gestapo – this was the Nazis’ SD (Security Service) - The Hitler also controlled the legal secret police force. They were ______system so that meant it was led by ______. was the intelligence gathering very difficult for anyone to Its job was to monitor the agency of the SS. It was ______him. He did German population for signs of responsible for the this by controlling opposition or ______of Hitler ______. ______to Nazi and other top Nazis. rule.

All judges had to belong to the Hitler also abolished trial He set up a People’s Court to National Socialist League for the by______– only judges hear all treason cases. Trials Maintenance of the Law. They could decide whether someone were held in ______also had to favour the Nazi was guilty or innocent. and judges were hand-picked. Party in any ______.

Schutzstaffel secret oppose decision disappear jury fear Reynhard Heydrich Himmler judges security supported

resistance concentration camps Sicherheitsdienst Policies towards the Churches – Nazi Germany

The Nazis wanted total loyalty Hitler worried that the In July 1933, Hitler agreed with to Hitler and his______. ______the Pope in a The churches were potentially a would oppose him because ______that threat to his power and Catholics were loyal to the Catholics were free to worship therefore Hitler needed to ______and sent and run their own schools in control the churches’ their children to Catholic faith return for staying out of ______. schools. ______.

Hitler broke his promise by In response to Hitler’s actions, The ______was ______Catholic youth the Pope issued set up in 1933. It supported the organisations and sending some ‘______’ Nazis and its members called Catholic priests to which criticised the Nazis. themselves ______. ______. Reich churches were well attended.

In 1934 some protestants, led Hitler's ultimate aim was to gain In July 1933 Hitler signed an by ______, complete control over the agreement called the broke away and set up the churches in Germany. Although Concordat with whom? ______the churches were initially to secure more independence willing to accept Hitler as a ⃝ the Pope from Nazi control. ______, some people were willing to ⃝ The leaders of Protestant stand up against Hitler’s Churches. ______. ⃝ Reich Representation of German Jews.

Martin Niemöller Pope German Christians influence Concordat banning politics government beliefs With Burning Concern Catholic Church political leader

Reich Church Confessional Church concentration camps Women in Nazi Germany

The Nazis said women had a Nazi Policies for women: Many Nazi Policies for women: The vital role for Germany but a ______women 1933 Law for different one from men – it was (doctors, lawyers and teachers) ______defined by the three Ks: lost their jobs was first choice ______lent couples 1)______of jobs was given to money when they married if ______. the wife left work. For each 2) Küche (children) child they had they were let off 3) ______paying back a quarter of the ______.

Nazi Policies for women: The How successful were Nazi How successful were Nazi ______policies?: The number of policies?: The number of ______married women in employment marriages and the birth rate medals given to women for ______(1933-36) but then ______– but this having children (bronze for 4-5 ______again when male may have been due to the children, silver for 6-7 children workers left for war. improving ______and gold for over 8). rather than Nazi policies.

How successful were Nazi How successful were Nazi Women were not equal with policies? : ______policies?: Women were men in Nazi Germany. They expected to stay at home and amongst the most passionate were expected to remain at not drink or smoke. They were supporters of Hitler, so his ______and raise not expected to wear make-up policies must have had some ______. If they or ______or dye success. However, as the war did work, the better jobs were their hair. went on Hitler was forced to closed to them. invite women back into the work force to cover the jobs of men at war.

professional home men increased Kirche (church) children German Women’s loan fell Enterprise Kinder (children) Encouragement of trousers Marriage women economy rose Employment and Living Standards–Nazi Germany

Hitler wanted to get people How did Hitler increase How did Hitler increase working. The unemployed were employment? – National employment? – Rearmament– dangerous Labour Service – The Nazis wanted rebuild ______– if ______for all ______power. they were poor and hungry they men aged 18-25 to serve for The Nazis provided jobs by might turn to other political ______months. The pay was building a stockpile of arms. parties for help. low and the hours were long. This helped to reduce ______and boosted the economy. How did Hitler increase Improved living conditions? Improved living conditions? employment? – Job creation YES – In 1933 there were YES – The KdF schemes – The Nazis reduced ______(______) unemployment by putting unemployed – this went down provided leisure activities and money into large projects – for to 0.5 million ______. the SdA example building the (______) ______or improved working conditions. ______.

Improved living conditions? Improved living conditions? Improved living conditions? NO – ______were NO – Although wages rose, so NO – Car ownership increased sacked and their jobs given to did ______– became x3 in the 1930s, only high non-Jews. ______more expensive to buy things. earners could afford were encouraged to give up ______. Low earners had to their jobs to men. spend money on essentials.

1938 cars autobahn politically compulsory six Jews Strength through Joy Beauty of Labour unemployment military prices

sports facilities women 4.8 million Nazi Youth Organisations + Nazi Education

From the age of 10 boys and Hitler Youth:Its aim was to The league of ______: girls were encouraged to join prepare German boys to be Its aim was to prepare German the Nazis’ youth organisation, future______. Boys wore girls for future motherhood. the______. military-style uniforms. Activities mainly centred on Membership was made Activities centred on physical developing domestic skills such compulsory in 1936 and by exercise and as sewing 1939 ______per cent of ______, as well and______. German boys were members. as political indoctrination.

As well as influencing the Children had to attend state It was ______for beliefs of young Germans school until they were teachers to be Nazi Party through the Hitler Youth, ______. There were separate members. Teachers’ camps schools ______schools for girls and boys. The taught them how to use Nazi young people into the political ______for girls ideas in their teaching. and racial ideas of Nazism. and boys was very different.

Girls were taught Boys were taught Science and Traditional subjects were ______skills, in military skills, in order to turn rewritten to include Nazi order to prepare girls to be boys into strong soldiers who ideology. Biology lessons taught good ______and mothers. would ______for about ______. Race Germany. study lessons looked at Aryan ideas and ______.

rifle practice wives 90 compulsory curriculum cooking German Maidens 14 eugenics fight Hitler Youth domestic

indoctrinated anti-Semitism soldiers Policies to reduce unemployment – Nazi Germany

Hitler knew that unemployed National Labour Service (RAD) The Nazis reduced people were dangerous was set up by the Weimar ______by ______as they Government and continued by putting money into large might turn to other parties for the Nazis. It was projects. These benefitted the help. ______for all men ______and also aged 18-25 to serve 6 months reduced unemployment. on this scheme and were then ______into the army. Hitler began a huge programme Another way the Nazis provided Official government figures of public works, which included jobs was through building up showed unemployment was building hospitals, schools, and their ______of falling but they did not include: public buildings such as the arms, even though the * The ______men 1936 ______. ______in the army at this time. There The construction of the had put a limit on this. This were also a number of men autobahns created work for created millions of jobs for working on public works ______men. German workers. schemes.

* Jews being forced out of jobs How much had the Nazis * Women who were reportedly reduced encouraged to give up their jobs unemployment down to by to______. 1939?

⃝ about 300,000 ⃝ 6.1 million ⃝ 50,000

conscripted Economy 1.4 million men 80,000 Olympic Stadium politically stockpile compulsory

unemployment Treaty of Versailles Racial beliefs and policies – Nazi Germany

Hitler wanted to increase the The Nazis persecuted what they 1933 – Nazis organised a number of ‘pure’ ______called ‘______’ (sub- ______of Jewish Germans who were blonde and humans) - this included the businesses. Race science ______and could Jews, homosexuals, gypsies and lessons were introduced, join the army or have children. the ______. teaching that ______were sub-human.

1935 – The 1938 -______- 1939 – Jews were forbidden to ______9 November. The SS organised own a business or even a formalised anti-Semitism by attacks on Jewish homes, ______. Jewish children stripping Jews of German businesses and were forbidden to go to ______and ______in ______. outlawing marriage between retaliation for the assassination Jews and Germans. of the German ambassador to In 1939 the T4 programme France by a Jew. began where the Nazis killed the incurably ill and mentally ill /disabled people. After 1933 many Homosexuals were sent to Which racial group in Germany ______were arrested ______or was favoured as the ‘ideal’ by and sent to concentration concentration camps and the Nazis? camps. Later they were banned subjected to from travelling and told they ______. ⃝ Jews would be ______. ⃝ Aryans ⃝ Gypsies

Jews gypsies citizenship deported Untermenschen school boycott prison Aryan blue-eyed Nuremberg Laws synagogues

Kristallnacht radio medical experiments Jewish Persecution – Nazi Germany

Reasons why Jews were Reasons why Jews were Reasons why Jews were persecuted: People were persecuted: They were used as persecuted: they were blamed ______of their ______for for Germany’s defeat in success – many Jews were Germany’s problems. ______professionals or and the owned______. ______.

Why did non-Jews allow the Why did non-Jews allow the Why did non-Jews allow the persecution: The persecution: The fear of the persecution: there was a long- ______of Nazi ______and standing ______of ______propaga SS if they did speak out. Jewish people – a common nda. belief across Europe.

Types of persecution: Types of persecution: Social – Types of persecution: Open Economic – Jews were not Jews were banned from public violence – During Kristallnacht, allowed to ______land. In places such as parks and Jewish shops, homes, 1933, the SA organised a swimming pools. They were businesses and boycott of Jewish and in 1937 forced to add ‘______’ or ______were Jewish businesses were taken ‘______’ to their names set on fire or vandalised, and over by Aryans. Jews were to make them stand out. Jews were openly blamed for ______and ______and killed. were fined 1 billion marks.

inherit synagogues Treaty of Versailles influence jealous attacked Gestapo distrust businesses scapegoats World War One Israel

Kristallnacht Sarah anti-Semitic