A Demonstration of Cartographic Modeling for Evaluating Natural Resources
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Stephen F. Austin State University SFA ScholarWorks Electronic Theses and Dissertations 12-1986 A Demonstration of Cartographic Modeling for Evaluating Natural Resources Olufemi Amos Olaleye Stephen F Austin State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds Part of the Other Forestry and Forest Sciences Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Repository Citation Olaleye, Olufemi Amos, "A Demonstration of Cartographic Modeling for Evaluating Natural Resources" (1986). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 33. https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/33 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Demonstration of Cartographic Modeling for Evaluating Natural Resources This thesis is available at SFA ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/33 A DEMONSTRATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC MODELING FOR EVALUATING NATURAL RESOURCES l· I I APPROVED: \J ~~~ \.. Or. Kent T_ Adair, Dissertation Director \ , --- Walker, Committee Member Dr. David L. Kulhavy, C mmittee Member ... £..t.--.I!.~h . Dr. R. Lee Rayburn. Committee Member /~~b//~ / ,~ ~.. ~mes E. Howard, Committee ember A DEMONSTRATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC MODELING FOR EVALUATING NATURAL RESOURCES by OLUFEMI AMOS OLALEYE, B.S., M.F. Presented to the Faculty of Graduate School of Stephen F. Austin state University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Forestry STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY December 1986 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank the members of my committee; Dr. Kent T. Adair. Dr. Laurence C. Walker. Dr. R. Lee Rayburn. Dr. David L. Kulhavy and Dr. James E. Howard for their guidance and support throughout this study. I especially appreciate the support of Dr. Kent T. Adair. who served as my major advisor. I appreciate the support and encouragement of Dr. James C. Kroll and Robert Garner. I owe special acknowledgement to Dr. Joseph K. Berry and Dr. Clark S. Binkley of Yale University for their assistance. I extend my special thanks to Rodney Peters and other staff members at the U.S. Forest Service Supervisor's Office in Lufkin, Texas. for their assistance and cooperation in obtaining maps of the study area. I appreciate the assistance of Glenn Millard of Technical Support. Computer Center. Stephen F. Austin State University, in computer map reproduction. lowe special thanks to Dr. Garnet Brown and Mr. J.O. Alabi of the Agricultural and Rural Management Training Institute (ARMTI) for their encouragement and support. I appreciate their assistance and cooperation. Finally, I wish to thank my wife, Maria, and our children Tayo, Toyin and Tunde for their patience and i understanding. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................... i TABLE OF CONTENTS....... ••••••.•••.• •••••• iii LIST OF FIGURES........................... iv LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES.................. v LIST OF TABLES ••••••••••••..••••.••••••••• viii I INTRODUCTION............................... 2 II CARTOGRAPHIC MODELING...................... 6 III COMPUTER MAPPING PROCEDURES................ 16 IV DEMONSTRATION OF CARTOGRAPHIC MODELING................................... 25 V EVALUATION OF MODELS ••••.•••••••••••••••••• 37 VI CO NC LUS IONS. •• •• •••.••••.•••••••••.••.••••• 57 LITERATURE CITED ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 66 APPENDICES................................. 69 APPENDIX 1: CELL-SIZE DETERMINATION •••••••• 69 APPENDIX 2: HISTORIC CHANGE MODEL •••••••••• 73 APPENDIX 3: HISTORIC TO CURRENT MODEL •••••• 99 APPENDIX 4: PROXIMITY MODEL •••••••••••••••• 113 ABSTRACT ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 141 VITA •.•••••••••••.•••••••••.••••••••••••••• 142 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.00 Data structure of MAP ••••••••••••••••••••• 14 Figure 2.00 Geographical boundaries of study area ••••• 18 Figure 2.01 Allocation of cells to the boundaries and areas within a rhombus •••••••••••••••••••• 40 Figure 2.02 X and· Y coordinates of the four corners of a square with side 1 inch •••••••••••••• 51 iv LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES Figure 3.00 Flowchart of the Historic Model showing the initial, intermediate and final maps •••••• 74 Figure 3.01 Map of the Angelina National Forest in 1984 .......................•..•..•.....••• 76 Figure 3.02 Map of the Angelina National Forest in 1948 ....•••.....•.....••..............•.•• 78 Figure 3.03 A composite map of the forest in 1948 and 1984 ......................•.........•....• 80 Figure 3.04 Map showing where changes had occurred in the forest between 1948 and 1984. This map also contains the non-overlapping boundaries of th e fares t 82 Figure 3.06 Map showing only those areas where forest area adjustment changes had occurred after the extraction of non-overlapping boundaries and insignificant changes ••••••••••••••••••••• 84 Figure 3.07 Map of Sam Rayburn reservoir •••••••••••••• 86 Figure 3.08 Map showing a combination of changes due to forest area adjustment and reservoir development ...........•.•.....•.......•.•• 88 Figure 3.09 Map of the Wilderness Area on the Angelina National Forest {only the Upland Island Wilderness Area can be shown because of space 1 imitations) 90 Figure 3.10 Map of changes due to forest area adjustment, reservoir development and management strategy ••••••••••••••••••••••• 92 Figure 3.13 Map of changes in the external boundaries of the National Forest in 1948 and 1984 ••• 94 Figure 3.14 Map of changes due to forest area adjustment, reservoir development, management strategy and boundary adjustment .........................•.....• 96 v LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES (CONTINUED) Figure 3.15 Map of summary of all changes ~n the Angelina National Forest between 1948 and 1984................................. 9Sl Figure 4.00 Flowchart of the Current-to-Future Change Model showing initial, intermediate and final maps •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 100 Figure 4.01 Map of boundary of the proposed Roc k1and res erv oi r. ••••••••••••••••••••• •• 102 Figure 4.02 Map of the proposed Rockland reservoir •••• 104 Figure 4.03 Map of the area within the Angelina National Forest in 1984 ••••••.•••••••••••• 106 Figure 4.04 Map of the Angelina National Forest in 1984 108 Figure 4.05 Future map of the Angelina National Forest area due to the proposed Rockland La ke Proj ect. ••..•.••••••....•••.••••••• •• 110 Figure 4.06 Map showing a summary of changes in the Angelina National Forest due to the proposed Rockland Lake Project •••••••••••• 112 Figure 5.00 Flowchart of the Proximity Model showing initial, intermediate and final maps •••••• 114 Figure 5.01 Map of the major roads in the northeastern portion of the Angelina National Forest ••• 116 Figure 5.02 Map of the pulp mill site ••••••••••••••••• 118 Figure 5.03 Map of the proximity of the forest to the pulp mill in miles •••••••••••••••••••••••• 120 Figure 5.04 Map of the forest compartment in the study area. ................................... .. 122 Figure 5.07 Map of areas that are further than four one quarter-mile units from the roads ••••••••• 124 vi LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES (CONTINUED) Figure 5.12 Map ~f the proximity of the forest to the roads in quarter-mile units •••••••••••••• 126 Figure 5.13 Forest to road proximity map excluding a buffer zone on either side of the roads ••.•.•.........•.....•........••.•.• 128 Figure 5.14 Map of the forested and non-forested areas ; n 1986 ..........•.....•........••• 130 Figure 5.15 Map of the available forest resources excluding the Wilderness Areas and the Bannister Wildlife Management Area ••••••• 132 Figure 5.16 Map of rivers, creeks, and reservoir in the study area ••.••••••••.••••••••••••••• 134 Figure 5.17 Map of the areas that are susceptible to flooding or erosion ••••••••••••••••••• 135 Figure 5.18 Map of the available forested areas excluding the buffer zone along the roads, wilderness areas and flood-prone ar eas •••••••.••.••••••••.••••••.••••.•••• 138 Figure 5.19 Proximity map of the available forested areas to the roads and pulp mill ••••••••• 140 vii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Allocation of cells to linear features by MAP ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39 Table 2. Allocation of cells to boundaries and enclosed areas of features ••••••••••••••••••• 42 Table 3. MAP estimates of the area within the Angelina National Forest at a scale of 1:126,720. ................................. .. 44 Table 4. Map estimates of the two wilderness area at a scale of 1:126,720 •••••••••••••••••••••• 45 Table 5. MAP estimates of the Turkey Hill Wilderness Area at a scale of 1:24,000 •••••••••••••••••• 47 Table 6. Tabular comparison of the Angelina National Forest in 1948 and 1984 ••••••••••••• 49 Table 7. Tabular comparison of the Angelina National Forest and the Rockland r eserv 0 1 r 52 Table 8. Tabular comparison of the Compartment Map and the PRESAVAIL map •••••••••••••••••••••••• 54 viii A Demonstration of Cartographic Modeling for Evaluating Natural Resources CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Recent advances in space technology have facilitated the acquisition of extensive and accurate information on the natural resources of the earth. One of the challenges posed by the availability of this information is how to utilize it for the benefit of mankind. Fortunately, many research organizations and government agencies are actively engaged in the conversion of these data into usable forms like satellite imagery and maps. Natural resource managers are then faced