Preliminary Review Findings Report

FIPRONIL VOLUME 1 PRELIMINARY REVIEW FINDINGS REPORT The reconsideration of the active constituent fipronil, registration of products containing fipronil and approvals of their associated labels JUNE 2011 Commonwealth of Australia 2011 This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without permission from the Australian Pesticides & Veterinary Medicines Authority. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights can be made the Manager, Chemical Review. This document is published by the APVMA. In referencing this document the APVMA should be cited as both author and publisher. ISBN: 978-0-9870591-7-8 Website: This publication is available from the APVMA website: http://www.apvma.gov.au Comments and enquiries may be directed to: Manager Chemical Review Australian Pesticides & Veterinary Medicines Authority PO Box 6182 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Australia Telephone: +61 2 6210 4700 Fax: +61 2 6210 4776 Email: [email protected] CONTENTS iii CONTENTS FOREWORD I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IV 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Regulatory status of fipronil in Australia 1 1.2 Reasons for fipronil review 1 1.3 Scope of the review 2 1.4 Regulatory options 3 2 APPROVED FIPRONIL USE PATTERNS 4 2.1 Fipronil use patterns 4 2.1.1 Agricultural applications 4 2.1.2 Veterinary applications 4 2.2 Label restrictions 4 2.2.1 Re-entry and re-handling intervals 5 3 SUMMARY OF DATA ASSESSMENTS 6 3.1 Toxicology 6 3.1.1 Summary of toxicity studies 6 3.1.2 Hazard assessment 25 3.1.3 Establishing health intake values 35 3.1.4 Human exposure 40 3.1.5 Skin reactions in humans 41 3.1.6 Consideration of first aid instructions and safety directions 47 3.2 Occupational health and safety (OHS) 48 3.2.1 Use patterns of fipronil products 49 3.2.2 Methods and types of equipment used for mixing/loading/application of fipronil products 58 3.2.3 Toxicological hazard of fipronil 59 3.2.4 Toxicological endpoints for OHS risk assessment 60 3.2.5 Assessment of occupational exposure during production 61 3.2.6 Assessment of occupational exposure and risk assessment when handling fipronil products 62 3.2.7 Assessment of post-application exposure 70 3.2.8 Discussion 74 3.2.9 Safety directions and re-entry intervals/re-handling statements 76 3.2.10 Exposure mitigation methods 78 3.3 Animal safety 78 3.3.1 Animal safety—literature review 78 3.3.2 Animal safety studies 88 3.3.3 Conclusions 89 3.4 Overseas regulatory status 90 3.4.1 US EPA 91 iv FIPRONIL REVIEW – PRELIMINARY REVIEW FINDINGS 3.4.2 European Union 91 3.4.3 AFSSA/AFSSE: Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (French Food Health Safety Agency) / Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire Environmentale (French Environmental Health Safety Agency) 92 3.5 Summary of public submissions 92 4 PROPOSED REVIEW FINDINGS 94 4.1 Affirm approvals of the active constituent 94 4.2 Affirm conditions of label approval 94 4.3 Vary conditions of label approval 94 4.3.1 First aid instructions 95 4.3.2 Safety directions and personal protective equipment (PPE) 95 4.3.3. Re-entry/re-handling statements for fipronil products 100 4.3.4. Animal safety warnings for veterinary products 100 4.4 Affirm product registrations 101 4.5 Cancellation of all but the most recently approved label 101 4.6 Withdrawn fipronil products 101 4.7 Amendments to standards 101 4.8 Public health standards 102 4.8.1 Impurity Limits 102 4.8.2 Residue definition 102 4.8.3 Acceptable daily intake (ADI) 102 4.8.4 Acute reference dose (ARfD) 103 4.8.5 Drinking water quality guidelines 103 4.8.6 Poisons scheduling 104 4.8.7 First-aid Instructions 104 4.8.8 Safety directions 104 APPENDICES 115 Appendix A – Active constituents and products 116 Appendix B – References 121 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 122 CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Current withholding periods and other restrictions for fipronil products 4 Table 2: Comparison of the toxicity of fipronil and its metabolites and degradative products 31 Table 3: Toxicological results from studies using fipronil 35 Table 4: Toxicological results from studies using desulfinyl fipronil 37 Table 5: Summary of results from toxicological studies for establishing an ARfD 38 Table 6: Annual incidence of Australian adverse reactions to Frontline Top Spot, 43 Table 7: Outcomes of the toxicology assessment of the safety directions 48 Table 8: Use patterns of fipronil products 50 Table 9: Outcomes of the OHS assessment of the safety directions 76 Table 10: ADEs reported for use of fipronil-containing products in cats in Australia 84 Table 11: ADEs reported for use of fipronil-containing products in dogs in Australia 85 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i FOREWORD The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) is an independent statutory authority with responsibility for the regulation of agricultural and veterinary chemicals in Australia. Its statutory powers are provided in the Agvet Codes scheduled to the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994. The APVMA can reconsider the approval of an active constituent, the registration of a chemical product or the approval of a label for a container for a chemical product at any time. This is outlined in Part 2, Division 4 of the Agvet Codes. A reconsideration may be initiated when new research or evidence has raised concerns about the use or safety of a particular chemical, a product containing that chemical, or its label. The reconsideration process includes a call for information from a variety of sources, a review of that information and, following public consultation, a decision about the future use of the chemical or product. The information and technical data required by the APVMA to review the safety of both new and existing chemical products must be derived according to accepted scientific principles, as must the methods of assessment undertaken. In undertaking reconsiderations (hereafter referred to as reviews), the APVMA works in close cooperation with advisory agencies including the Office of Chemical Safety within the Department of Health and Ageing, the Department of the Environment and Water Resources, state departments of agriculture, and other expert advisers as appropriate. The APVMA has a policy of encouraging openness and transparency in its activities and community involvement in decision-making. The publication of review reports is a part of that process. The APVMA also makes these reports available to the regulatory agencies of other countries as part of bilateral agreements. The APVMA recommends that countries receiving these reports will not utilise them for registration purposes unless they are also provided with the raw data from the relevant applicant. The basis for the current reconsideration is whether the APVMA is satisfied that continued use of the active constituent fipronil and products containing fipronil in accordance with the instructions for their use: would not be an undue hazard to the safety of people exposed to it during its handling; and would not be likely to have an effect that is harmful to human beings; and would not be likely to have an unintended effect that is harmful to animals. The APVMA also considered whether product labels carry adequate instructions and warning statements. This document sets out the preliminary review findings relating to fipronil-containing products (and their labels) intended for use in agricultural and veterinary situations; these have been nominated for review by the APVMA. The preliminary review findings and proposed recommendations are based on information collected from a variety of sources. ii FIPRONIL REVIEW – PRELIMINARY REVIEW FINDINGS The review summary (Volume 1) and the complete technical reports (Volume 2) for all registrations and approvals relating to fipronil are available from the APVMA web site <http://www.apvma.gov.au/>. Submissions from the public are invited This Preliminary Review Findings report: outlines the APVMA review process advises interested parties how to respond to the review summarises the technical assessments from the reviewing agencies outlines the proposed regulatory action to be taken in relation to the continued registration of fipronil products. The APVMA invites persons and organisations to submit their comments and suggestions on this Preliminary Review Findings report directly to the APVMA. The comments will assist the APVMA in preparing the Review Findings report, which is the second report in the three-stage review reporting process. The final report is the Final Review Report and Regulatory Decision. Preparing your comments for submission You may agree or disagree with or comment on as many elements of the preliminary review findings as you wish. When making your comments: clearly identify the issue and clearly state your point of view give reasons for your comments, supporting them, if possible, with relevant information and indicating the source of the information you have used suggest to the APVMA any alternative solution you may have for the issue. Please try to structure your comments in point form, referring each point to the relevant section in the preliminary review findings. This will help the APVMA assemble and analyse all of the comments it receives. Finally please tell us whether the APVMA can quote your comments in part or in full. Please note that subject to the Freedom of Information Act 1982, the Privacy Act 1988 and the Agvet Codes, all submissions received may be made publicly available. They may be listed or referred to in any papers or reports prepared on this subject matter. The APVMA reserves the right to reveal the identity of a respondent unless a request for anonymity accompanies the submission. If no request for anonymity is made, the respondent will be taken to have consented to the disclosure of their identity for the purposes of Information Privacy Principle 11 of the Privacy Act 1988.

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