Draft Plant Propagation Protocol
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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes Among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz Island, California A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by Kristina Marie Gill Committee in charge: Professor Michael A. Glassow, Chair Professor Michael A. Jochim Professor Amber M. VanDerwarker Professor Lynn H. Gamble September 2015 The dissertation of Kristina Marie Gill is approved. __________________________________________ Michael A. Jochim __________________________________________ Amber M. VanDerwarker __________________________________________ Lynn H. Gamble __________________________________________ Michael A. Glassow, Committee Chair July 2015 Ancient Plant Use and the Importance of Geophytes among the Island Chumash of Santa Cruz Island, California Copyright © 2015 By Kristina Marie Gill iii DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to my Family, Mike Glassow, and the Chumash People. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people who have provided guidance, encouragement, and support in my career as an archaeologist, and especially through my undergraduate and graduate studies. For those of whom I am unable to personally thank here, know that I deeply appreciate your support. First and foremost, I want to thank my chair Michael Glassow for his patience, enthusiasm, and encouragement during all aspects of this daunting project. I am also truly grateful to have had the opportunity to know, learn from, and work with my other committee members, Mike Jochim, Amber VanDerwarker, and Lynn Gamble. I cherish my various field experiences with them all on the Channel Islands and especially in southern Germany with Mike Jochim, whose worldly perspective I value deeply. I also thank Terry Jones, who provided me many undergraduate opportunities in California archaeology and encouraged me to attend a field school on San Clemente Island with Mark Raab and Andy Yatsko, an experience that left me captivated with the islands and their history. -
Literature Cited
Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volumes 19, 20, and 21, whether as selected references, in text, or in nomenclatural contexts. In citations of articles, both here and in the taxonomic treatments, and also in nomenclatural citations, the titles of serials are rendered in the forms recommended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). When those forms are abbre- viated, as most are, cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. In nomenclatural citations (only), book titles are rendered in the abbreviated forms recommended in F. A. Stafleu and R. S. Cowan (1976–1988) and F. A. Stafleu and E. A. Mennega (1992+). Here, those abbreviated forms are indicated parenthetically following the full citations of the corresponding works, and cross references to the full citations are interpolated in the list alphabetically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix “a”; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with “b”. Works missing from any suffixed sequence here are ones cited elsewhere in the Flora that are not pertinent in these volumes. -
DRAFT OAEC NATIVE PLANT LIST FERNS and FERN ALLIES
DRAFT OAEC NATIVE PLANT LIST FERNS and FERN ALLIES: Blechnaceae: Deer Fern Family Giant Chain Fern Woodwardia fimbriata Dennstaedtiaceae: Bracken Fern Bracken Pteridium aquilinum Dryopteridaceae: Wood Fern Family Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina Wood Fern Dryopteris argutanitum Western Sword Fern Polystichum muitum Polypodiaceae: Polypody Family California Polypody Polypodium californicum Pteridaceae: Brake Family California Maiden-Hair Adiantum jordanii Coffee Fern Pellaea andromedifolia Goldback Fern Pentagramma triangularis Isotaceae: Quillwort Family Isoetes sp? Nuttallii? Selaginellaceae: Spike-Moss Family Selaginella bigelovii GYMNOPSPERMS Pinaceae: Pine Family Douglas-Fir Psuedotsuga menziesii Taxodiaceae: Bald Cypress Family Redwood Sequoia sempervirens ANGIOSPERMS: DICOTS Aceraceae: Maple Family Big-Leaf Maple Acer macrophyllum Box Elder Acer negundo Anacardiaceae: Sumac Family Western Poison Oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Apiaceae: Carrot Family Lomatium( utriculatum) or (carulifolium)? Pepper Grass Perideridia kelloggii Yampah Perideridia gairdneri Sanicula sp? Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza chilensis Unidentified in forest at barn/deer fence gate Angelica Angelica tomentosa Apocynaceae: Dogbane or Indian Hemp Family Apocynum cannabinum Aristolochiaceae Dutchman’s Pipe, Pipevine Aristolochia californica Wild Ginger Asarum caudatum Asteraceae: Sunflower Family Grand Mountain Dandelion Agoseris grandiflora Broad-leaved Aster Aster radulinus Coyote Brush Baccharis pilularis Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea Woodland Tarweed Madia -
Muelleria Vol 32, 2014
Muelleria 34: 63-67 A name for Murnong (Microseris: Asteraceae: Cichorioideae) Neville Walsh Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Ave, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia; email: [email protected] Introduction Abstract With the publication of the first Asteraceae volume of theFlora of An existing name, Microseris walteri Australia (Wilson 2015), we have a national perspective of the taxonomy Gand., is resurrected for one of the most important food plants of of Microseris D.Don (Sneddon 2015). The Flora account provides aboriginal people of south-eastern descriptions and complete synonymies for the two species regarded Australia and for which the Koorie as comprising the genus in Australia, M. lanceolata (Walp.) Sch.Bip. name ‘Murnong’ (or ‘Myrnong’) has and M. scapigera Sch.Bip., whereas, in most jurisdictions, only one, long been applied (e.g. Gott 1983) in M. lanceolata, had been recognised since the inclusion of M. scapigera as Victoria, and ‘Garngeg’ or ‘Nyamin’ in south-eastern New South Wales. It a synonym (e.g. Ross 1990; CHAH 2011). is compared with its two Australian Sneddon’s treatment provides useful and detailed notes under both congeners. A key to the identification species, with those relating to M. lanceolata being quite extensive. For of all three species and photographs of many years, MEL has recognised three distinct taxa (e.g. Ross 1993; their root systems are provided. Jeanes 1999, Walsh & Stajsic 2007) but one has remained as an informal Keywords: Aboriginal food plant, daisy, taxon only (Microseris sp. 3 or Microseris aff. lanceolata (Foothills)). This has identification, Nyamin, Garngeg been unfortunate, particularly given that, of the three entities involved, the informally recognised one has long been acknowledged as one of the most important food plants of aboriginal people of south-eastern Australia and for which the Koorie name ‘Murnong’ (or ‘Myrnong’) has long been applied (e.g. -
Draft Plant Propagation Protocol
Plant Propagation Protocol for Calochortus umpquaensis ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/CAUM5 Photo: Oregon Department of Agriculture TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Liliaceae Common Name Forb/herb Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Calochortus umpquaensis Fredricks Varieties Sub-species C. umpquaensis Fredricks ssp. confertus Callahan C. umpquaensis Fredericks ssp. flavicomus Callahan Cultivar Common Synonym(s) Common Name(s) Umpqua mariposa lily Species Code (as per CAUM5 USDA Plants database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range Photos from USDA Plants Database Ecological distribution Native to Oregon, Umpqua mariposa lily grows in serpentine-derived soils. Prefers an open, grassy hillside or the Jeffery pine woodlands in Oregon. (8) (3) Climate and elevation 300-500 m elevation range located in southwestern Oregon. Found along range the Umpqua river, they grow in open forest areas on north facing banks that can be steep or rocky. (5)(3) Local habitat and Restricted to the Umpqua river drainage, the lily has been found at about abundance 15 sites. These sites can support thousands of Umpqua mariposa lilies. Associated species include Festuca idahoensis, Calocedrus decurrens, Danthonia californica, and Pinus jefferyi. (3)(8) Plant strategy type / Preferring forest edges, the lily can withstand the high heavy metal successional stage concentration of serpentine soils that typically lack essential nutrients for growth. The plant grows in well drained soils and is able to tolerate moisture during dormancy.(3)(6)(8) Plant characteristics Umpqua mariposa lily is best identified when the plant is flowering. Blooming from May – June, the plant produces white flowers with blackish purple tones. -
Grasslands and Prairies Grassland
Grasslands and Prairies Grassland Dominated by grasses (Poaceae) and grass-like plants (sedges, rushes) 30 – 40 % of world land surface Climate composed of moderate precipitation (10 - 50 inches/yr) and periodic drought Other environmental factors Fire Grazing Major Global Grasslands Temperate Grasslands North America Prairie, Great Plains Grasslands Eurasia Steppe South America Pampas Subtropical to Tropical Grasslands South America Cerrado, Llanos Africa Savanna, Veldt Australia Mitchell Grasslands Prairie From the historic French word for a tree-less meadow or pasture co-dominated by perennial grasses and forbs. Generally used by North American ecologists to describe a tree-less vegetation of grasses, dicotyledonous herbs, and small shrubs. Steppe From the Russian word “степ” for an extensive, flat grassland. Sometimes used by North American ecologists to describe a grassland composed of short statured, perennial grasses or bunch grasses. Temperate Grasslands Cold season alternating with Warm to Hot season 10 – 35 inches of annual precipitation alternating with drought Deep, porous soils (e.g., loess) Subtropical to Tropical Grasslands Cool to Warm seasons alternating with Warm to Hot seasons 20 – 50 inches of annual precipitation alternating with drought Soils vary from deep to thin, porous to clay pampas prairie steppe savannah Adaptations perennial, cespitose habit thin, narrow leaves that grow from the base deep, compact root systems G G G G G G G G G Fire “Grazing” Grazing: feeding primarily on grasses and grass-like plants Browsing: -
Northern Coastal Scrub and Coastal Prairie
GRBQ203-2845G-C07[180-207].qxd 12/02/2007 05:01 PM Page 180 Techbooks[PPG-Quark] SEVEN Northern Coastal Scrub and Coastal Prairie LAWRENCE D. FORD AND GREY F. HAYES INTRODUCTION prairies, as shrubs invade grasslands in the absence of graz- ing and fire. Because of the rarity of these habitats, we are NORTHERN COASTAL SCRUB seeing increasing recognition and regulation of them and of Classification and Locations the numerous sensitive species reliant on their resources. Northern Coastal Bluff Scrub In this chapter, we describe historic and current views on California Sagebrush Scrub habitat classification and ecological dynamics of these ecosys- Coyote Brush Scrub tems. As California’s vegetation ecologists shift to a more Other Scrub Types quantitative system of nomenclature, we suggest how the Composition many different associations of dominant species that make up Landscape Dynamics each of these systems relate to older classifications. We also Paleohistoric and Historic Landscapes propose a geographical distribution of northern coastal scrub Modern Landscapes and coastal prairie, and present information about their pale- Fire Ecology ohistoric origins and landscapes. A central concern for describ- Grazers ing and understanding these ecosystems is to inform better Succession stewardship and conservation. And so, we offer some conclu- sions about the current priorities for conservation, informa- COASTAL PRAIRIE tion about restoration, and suggestions for future research. Classification and Locations California Annual Grassland Northern Coastal Scrub California Oatgrass Moist Native Perennial Grassland Classification and Locations Endemics, Near-Endemics, and Species of Concern Conservation and Restoration Issues Among the many California shrub vegetation types, “coastal scrub” is appreciated for its delightful fragrances AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH and intricate blooms that characterize the coastal experi- ence. -
Phylogeny of Elymus Ststhh Allotetraploids Based on Three Nuclear Genes
Reticulate Evolutionary History of a Complex Group of Grasses: Phylogeny of Elymus StStHH Allotetraploids Based on Three Nuclear Genes Roberta J. Mason-Gamer*, Melissa M. Burns¤a, Marianna Naum¤b Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America Abstract Background: Elymus (Poaceae) is a large genus of polyploid species in the wheat tribe Triticeae. It is polyphyletic, exhibiting many distinct allopolyploid genome combinations, and its history might be further complicated by introgression and lineage sorting. We focus on a subset of Elymus species with a tetraploid genome complement derived from Pseudoroegneria (genome St) and Hordeum (H). We confirm the species’ allopolyploidy, identify possible genome donors, and pinpoint instances of apparent introgression or incomplete lineage sorting. Methodology/Principal Findings: We sequenced portions of three unlinked nuclear genes—phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, b-amylase, and granule-bound starch synthase I—from 27 individuals, representing 14 Eurasian and North American StStHH Elymus species. Elymus sequences were combined with existing data from monogenomic representatives of the tribe, and gene trees were estimated separately for each data set using maximum likelihood. Trees were examined for evidence of allopolyploidy and additional reticulate patterns. All trees confirm the StStHH genome configuration of the Elymus species. They suggest that the StStHH group originated in North America, and do not support separate North American and European origins. Our results point to North American Pseudoroegneria and Hordeum species as potential genome donors to Elymus. Diploid P. spicata is a prospective St-genome donor, though conflict among trees involving P. spicata and the Eurasian P. -
Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This Is a Consolidated List Of
RWKiger 26 Jul 18 Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volumes 24 and 25. In citations of articles, the titles of serials are rendered in the forms recommended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). When those forms are abbreviated, as most are, cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix "a"; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with "b". Works missing from any suffixed sequence here are ones cited elsewhere in the Flora that are not pertinent in these volumes. Aares, E., M. Nurminiemi, and C. Brochmann. 2000. Incongruent phylogeographies in spite of similar morphology, ecology, and distribution: Phippsia algida and P. concinna (Poaceae) in the North Atlantic region. Pl. Syst. Evol. 220: 241–261. Abh. Senckenberg. Naturf. Ges. = Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft. Acta Biol. Cracov., Ser. Bot. = Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Acta Horti Bot. Prag. = Acta Horti Botanici Pragensis. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. = Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica. [Shokubutsu Bunrui Chiri.] Acta Phytotax. -
Soil Heterogeneity and the Distribution of Native Grasses in California: Can Soil Properties Inform Restoration Plans? 1, KRISTINA M
Soil heterogeneity and the distribution of native grasses in California: Can soil properties inform restoration plans? 1, KRISTINA M. HUFFORD, SUSAN J. MAZER, AND JOSHUA P. S CHIMEL Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106 USA Citation: Hufford, K. M., S. J. Mazer, and J. P. Schimel. 2014. Soil heterogeneity and the distribution of native grasses in California: Can soil properties inform restoration plans? Ecosphere 5(4):46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/ES13-00377.1 Abstract. When historical vegetation patterns are unknown and local environments are highly degraded, the relationship between plant species distributions and environmental properties may provide a means to determine which species are suitable for individual restoration sites. We investigated the role of edaphic variation in explaining the distributions of three native bunchgrass species (Bromus carinatus, Elymus glaucus and Nassella pulchra) among central California mainland and island grasslands. The relative contribution of soil properties and spatial variation to native grass species abundance was estimated using canonical redundancy analysis, with subsequent testing of individual variables identified in ordination. Soil variables predicted a significant proportion (22–27%) of the variation in species distributions. Abiotic soil properties that drive species distributions included serpentine substrates and soil texture. Biotic properties that correlated with species distributions were ammonium and nitrogen mineralization rates. Spatial autocorrelation also contributed to species presence or absence at each site, and the significant negative autocorrelation suggested that species interactions and niche differentiation may play a role in species distributions in central California mainland and island grasslands. We explored the application of plant-environment relationships to ecological restoration for species selection at locations where degradation levels are high and historical communities are unclear. -
VASCULAR PLANTS of MINNESOTA a Checklist and Atlas
VASCULAR PLANTS of MINNESOTA This page intentionally left blank VASCULAR PLANTS of MINNESOTA A Checklist and Atlas Gerald B. Ownbey and Thomas Morley UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MINNEAPOLIS • LONDON The University of Minnesota Press gratefully acknowledges the generous assistance provided for the publication of this book by the Margaret W. Harmon Fund Minnesota Department of Transportation Minnesota Landscape Arboretum Minnesota State Horticultural Society Olga Lakela Herbarium Fund—University of Minnesota—Duluth Natural Heritage Program of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Copyright © 1991 by the Regents of the University of Minnesota. First paperback printing 1992 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Published by the University of Minnesota Press 2037 University Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ownbey, Gerald B., 1916- Vascular plants of Minnesota : a checklist and atlas / Gerald B. Ownbey and Thomas Morley. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8166-1915-8 1. Botany-Minnesota. 2. Phytogeography—Minnesota— Maps. I. Morley, Thomas. 1917- . II. Title. QK168.096 1991 91-2064 582.09776-dc20 CIP The University of Minnesota is an equal-opportunity educator and employer. Contents Introduction vii Part I. Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Minnesota 1 Pteridophytes 3 Gymnosperms 6 Angiosperms 7 Appendix 1. Excluded names 81 Appendix 2. Tables 82 Part II. Atlas of the Vascular Plants of Minnesota 83 Index of Generic and Common Names 295 This page intentionally left blank Introduction The importance of understanding the vegetation of al distributional comments. -
Yam Daisy Microseris Sp
'^§Si^?>, Tel: (03) 9558 966*. NATURAL RECRUITMENT OF NATIVE FORBS IN THE GRASSY ECOSYSTEMS OF SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA Thesis for Master of Science By Randall William Robinson May 2003 Principal supervisor: Dr Colin Hocking Sustainability Group Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology VICTORIA UNIVERSITY STA THESIS 582.12740994 ROB 30001007974142 Robinson, Randall William Natural recruitment of native forbs in the grassy ecosystems of south-eastern Abstract As for many lowland grassy ecosystem forbs in South-eastern Australia, the recruitment dynamics of the grassland forbs Podolepis sp. 1 sensu Jeanes 1999 (Basalt Podolepis) and Bulbine semibarbata perennial form (Leek Lily) are unknown. Podolepis sp. 1 and B. semibarbata were used as models of recruitment for a range of similar forb species. In vitro trials of P. sp. 1, 6. semibarbata and an additional 16 grassy ecosystem forb species assessed germinability, germination lag time, germination speed and duration of emergence in relation to light and dark treatments. In vivo trials assessed recruitment from seed as well as field survival of several age classes of transplants, and how there were affected by soil disturbance and invertebrate herbivory over a 50-week period. In vitro germination for most species was unspecialised with germination rates greater than 50 percent. Light was a significant or neutral factor for the majority of species but negatively affected several. Survival of juvenile and semi-mature plants of P. sp. 1 and B. semibarbata were achieved in the field, along with high levels of recruitment from seed in some instances, overcoming previous lack of success in recruitment and survival of these lowland grassy ecosystem forb species.