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In Memory of Astronaut Michael Collins Photo Credit
Gemini & Apollo Astronaut, BGEN, USAF, Ret, Test Pilot, and Author Dies at 90 The Astronaut Scholarship Foundation (ASF) is saddened to report the loss of space man Michael Collins BGEN, USAF, Ret., and NASA astronaut who has passed away on April 28, 2021 at the age of 90; he was predeceased by his wife of 56 years, Pat and his son Michael and is survived by their daughters Kate and Ann and many grandchildren. Collins is best known for being one of the crew of Apollo 11, the first manned mission to land humans on the moon. Michael Collins was born in Rome, Italy on October 31, 1930. In 1952 he graduated from West Point (same class as future fellow astronaut, Ed White) with a Bachelor of Science Degree. He joined the U.S. Air Force and was assigned to the 21st Fighter-Bomber Wing at George AFB in California. He subsequently moved to Europe when they relocated to Chaumont-Semoutiers AFB in France. Once during a test flight, he was forced to eject from an F-86 after a fire started behind the cockpit; he was safely rescued and returned to Chaumont. He was accepted into the USAF Experimental Flight Test Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base in California. In 1960 he became a member of Class 60C which included future astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Irwin, and Tom Stafford. His inspiration to become an astronaut was the Mercury Atlas 6 flight of John Glenn and with this inspiration, he applied to NASA. In 1963 he was selected in the third group of NASA astronauts. -
Gemini 4 an Astronaut Steps Into the Void
springer.com Popular Science : Popular Science in Astronomy Shayler, David J. Gemini 4 An Astronaut Steps into the Void Details the first American spacewalk in a leap forward from the Mercury program Follows each detail of Gemini's extended duration flight, NASA's first, relying extensively on archives Continues the Pioneers in Early Spaceflight series which looks one-by-one at the Mercury and Gemini flights The flight of Gemini 4 in June 1965 was conducted barely four years after the first Americans flew in space. It was a bold step by NASA to accomplish the first American spacewalk and to extend the U.S. flight duration record to four days. This would be double the experience gained from the six Mercury missions combined. This daring mission was the first to be directed from Springer the new Mission Control at the Manned Spacecraft Center near Houston, Texas. It also revealed 1st ed. 2018, XXV, 378 p. that: Working outside the spacecraft would require further study. Developing the techniques to 1st 81 illus., 46 illus. in color. rendezvous with another object in space would not be as straightforward as NASA had hoped. edition Living in a small spacecraft for several days was a challenging but necessary step in the quest for even longer flights.Despite the risks, the gamble that astronauts Jim McDivitt and Ed White undertook paid off. Gemini 4 gave NASA the confidence to attempt an even longer flight the Printed book next time. That next mission would simulate the planned eight-day duration of an Apollo lunar Softcover voyage. -
Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986
Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Steven T. Wills June 2012 © 2012 Steven T. Wills. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwtaer Nichols Act of 1986 by STEVEN T. WILLS has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Ingo Traushweizer Assistant Professor of History Howard Dewald Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT WILLS, STEVEN T., M.A., June 2012, History Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 Director of Thesis: Ingo Traushweizer The Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 was the most comprehensive defense reorganization legislation in a generation. It has governed the way the United States has organized, planned, and conducted military operations for the last twenty five years. It passed the Senate and House of Representatives with margins of victory reserved for birthday and holiday resolutions. It is praised throughout the U.S. defense establishment as a universal good. Despite this, it engendered a strong opposition movement organized primarily by Navy Secretary John F. Lehman but also included members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, prominent Senators and Congressman, and President Reagan's Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger. This essay will examine the forty year background of defense reform movements leading to the Goldwater Nichols Act, the fight from 1982 to 1986 by supporters and opponents of the proposed legislation and its twenty-five year legacy that may not be as positive as the claims made by the Department of Defense suggest. -
Deep Sea Drilling Project Initial Reports Volume 43
FRONTISPIECE 1. Campanian variegated volcanogenic clay and marly nannofossil ooze from near the base of Nashville Seamount (Site 382, Core 17, Section 2). The clays (darker layers) are locally silty and contain zeolites, volcanic glass, and palagonite. The sand layer at 116 to 121 cm consists of zeolites and volcanic glass along with foraminifers and calcareous shell fragments. Most sediments appear to be displaced from shallower areas on the flank of Nashville Seamount. 2. Typical Albian "black claystone" at Site 386, central Bermuda Rise, showing alternating gray-green burrow-mottled beds and black, finely laminated beds. Coarse layers are radiolarian sands, and small concretion is siderite (Core 62, Section 2). 3. Cretaceous volcaniclastic breccia from the lower flank of Vogel Seamount (Site 385, Core 24, Section 1). The breccia con¬ sists of poorly sorted, angular to subrounded clasts of basalt in various stages of alteration in a base matrix of calcite. 4. Cretaceous/Tertiary contact in calcareous ooze at Site 384 (J-Anomaly Ridge). The contact, slightly disturbed by drilling, occurs at 33 cm, at the upward change from lighter to darker color. This sequence represents probably the most complete biostratigraphic record of the Cretaceous/Tertiary transition yet obtained in a pelagic facies (Site 384, Core 13, Section 3). 5. Cenomanian black claystone with pyrite nodule, southeastern Bermuda Rise (Site 386, Core 44, Section 1). 6. Transition zone typifying the contact between underlying greenish gray and black claystones and overlying reddish, zeolitic claystones, all of Cenomanian age (Site 386, southeastern Bermuda Rise, Core 4, Section 5). 7. Rhythmically bedded Albian claystones and radiolarian mudstones from Site 387 (Core 35, Section 2) on the western Bermuda Rise. -
Astronaut Buzz Aldrin: Armstrong on the Surface
EXPLORER A4 THE PRESS OF ATLANTIC CITY MONDAY, JULY 20, 2009 The 40th anniversary of Apollo 11 Apollo 15 Apollo 17 Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 14 Apollo 16 About Apollo 11 The $20 billion Apollo moon land- ing program led to six successful Saturn V moon landings. The first was on July 20, 1969. Three astronauts rocket were on the Apollo 11 mission. Command Michael Collins remained in orbit module: around the moon while Neil Three seats Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin flew the lunar lander to the moon’s surface. Service Armstrong was the first man to walk module: on the moon. An automat- Fuel and ed television camera rocket engine broadcast him step- Associated Press photo ping onto the lunar The second man to walk the moon, Buzz Aldrin planted an American flag on July 20, 1969. surface and saying, “That’s one small step Lunar for man, one giant leap lander for mankind.” Minutes later, Aldrin joined Astronaut Buzz Aldrin: Armstrong on the surface. They took soil and rock sam- ples, set up experiments and planted an American flag with a steel wire to hold it aloft in the absence of wind. N.J.’s man on the moon Third stage The Apollo program rocket: would send astronauts to One engine the moon five more By DAN GROTE times. On some of those For The Press, 609-272-7234 missions, astronauts One of New Jersey’s most famous sons has used a “lunar rover” to walked on the moon, served our country drive across the during the KoreanWar, had an award crafted moon’s surface. -
The Tillman and Lynch Episodes
1 Union Calendar No. 555 110TH CONGRESS "!REPORT 2d Session HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 110–858 MISLEADING INFORMATION FROM THE BATTLEFIELD: THE TILLMAN AND LYNCH EPISODES FIRST REPORT BY THE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM TOGETHER WITH ADDITIONAL VIEWS Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/ index.html http://www.house.gov/reform SEPTEMBER 16, 2008.—Committed to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 69–006 PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 10:08 Sep 17, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4012 Sfmt 4012 C:\DOCS\69006.TXT KATIE PsN: KATIE COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM HENRY A. WAXMAN, California, Chairman EDOLPHUS TOWNS, New York TOM DAVIS, Virginia PAUL E. KANJORSKI, Pennsylvania DAN BURTON, Indiana CAROLYN B. MALONEY, New York CHRISTOPHER SHAYS, Connecticut ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland JOHN M. MCHUGH, New York DENNIS J. KUCINICH, Ohio JOHN L. MICA, Florida DANNY K. DAVIS, Illinois MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana JOHN F. TIERNEY, Massachusetts TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania WM. LACY CLAY, Missouri CHRIS CANNON, Utah DIANE E. WATSON, California JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee STEPHEN F. LYNCH, Massachusetts MICHAEL R. TURNER, Ohio BRIAN HIGGINS, New York DARRELL E. ISSA, California JOHN A. YARMUTH, Kentucky KENNY MARCHANT, Texas BRUCE L. BRALEY, Iowa LYNN A. WESTMORELAND, Georgia ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of PATRICK T. MCHENRY, North Carolina Columbia VIRGINIA FOXX, North Carolina BETTY MCCOLLUM, Minnesota BRIAN P. BILBRAY, California JIM COOPER, Tennessee BILL SALI, Idaho CHRIS VAN HOLLEN, Maryland JIM JORDAN, Ohio PAUL W. -
Gus Grissom: the Lost Astronaut Ray E
Gus Grissom: The Lost Astronaut Ray E. Boomhower INDIANA BIOGRAPHY SERIES In the late 1950s the Soviet Union shocked the world John F. Kennedy's goal of landing a man on the moon by placing a small satellite-Sputnik-in orbit around and returninghim safely home by the end of the 1960s. the Earth. Treated as a technological Pearl Harbor in the United States, the Russian achievement In this second volume in the Indiana Historical Society prompted the fe deral government to create a Press's Indiana Biography Series, Hoosier historian civilian organ ization, the National Aeronautics and and writer Ray E. Boomhower explores Grissom's life, Space Administration, to manage the American space fr om his days as a child playing in the fo rests of nearby program. By April 1959, NASA had selected seven Spring Mill State Park to his service as a combat pilot military test pilots to serve as the country's fi rst flying missions against Communist opponents in the astronauts in the race with the Soviets to see who skies oYer Korea. He also delves into the process by could put the first human in space. which NASA selected its original seven Mercury astro mults, the jostling fo r position to be the first American One of the seven Americans picked fo r this ambitious in space, Grissom 's near-fatal Liberty Bell 7 flight that effort came from the small southern Indiana com haunted his subsequent space career, his successful munity of Mitchell. Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom would go Gemini mission with john Yo ung, and the fa tal Apollo on to become the first man to fly in space twice and 1 fire that claimed the life of Grissom and fe llow crew to give his life in NASA's attempt to meet President members Ed White and Roger Chaffee. -
Strategic Studies Quarterly, Fall 2011, Vol. 5, No. 3
We encourage you to e-mail your comments to us at: [email protected]. We encourage you to e-mail your comments to us at: [email protected]. Chief of Staff, US Air Force Gen Norton A. Schwartz Commander, Air Education and Training Command Gen Edward A. Rice Jr. Commandant, Air University Lt Gen David S. Fadok Director, Air Force Research Institute Gen John A. Shaud, PhD, USAF, Retired Col W. Michael Guillot, USAF, Retired, Editor L. Tawanda Eaves, Managing Editor CAPT Jerry L. Gantt, USNR, Retired, Content Editor Nedra O. Looney, Prepress Production Manager Betty R. Littlejohn, Editorial Assistant Sherry C. Terrell, Editorial Assistant Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator Editorial Advisors Gen John A. Shaud, PhD, USAF, Retired Gen Michael P. C. Carns, USAF, Retired Keith Britto Christina Goulter-Zervoudakis, PhD Colin S. Gray, PhD Robert P. Haffa, PhD Ben S. Lambeth, PhD John T. LaSaine, PhD Allan R. Millett, PhD Ayesha Ray, PhD Contributing Editors Air Force Research Institute Daniel R. Mortensen, PhD School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Stephen D. Chiabotti, PhD James W. Forsyth Jr., PhD The Spaatz Center Michael Allsep, PhD Edwina S. Campbell, PhD Charles E. Costanzo, PhD Christopher M. Hemmer, PhD Kimberly A. Hudson, PhD Col Basil S. Norris Jr., USAF, Retired Gary J. Schaub, PhD Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ) (ISSN 1936-1815) is published quarterly by Air University Press, Maxwell AFB, AL. Articles in SSQ may be reproduced, not for profit or sale, in whole or part without permission. A standard source credit line is required for each reprint. We encourage you to e-mail your comments to us at: [email protected]. -
Nato Enlargement: Qualifications and Contributions—Parts I–Iv Hearings
S. HRG. 108–180 NATO ENLARGEMENT: QUALIFICATIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS—PARTS I–IV HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION MARCH 27, AND APRIL 1, 3 AND 8, 2003 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 90–325 PDF WASHINGTON : 2003 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 17:42 Nov 12, 2003 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 90325 SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana, Chairman CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware LINCOLN CHAFEE, Rhode Island PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio BARBARA BOXER, California LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee BILL NELSON, Florida NORM COLEMAN, Minnesota JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire JON S. CORZINE, New Jersey KENNETH A. MYERS, JR., Staff Director ANTONY J. BLINKEN, Democratic Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 17:42 Nov 12, 2003 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 90325 SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 CONTENTS Thursday, March 27, 2003—Part I Page Allen, Hon. George, U.S. Senator from Virginia, opening statement ................. -
IAG09.B6.3.6 21St CENTURY EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITIES
IAG09.B6.3.6 21 St CENTURY EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITIES: SYNERGIZING PAST AND PRESENT TRAINING METHODS FOR FUTURE SPACEWALKING Si"CCESS Sandra K. Moore, Ph.D. United Space Alliance, LLC 600 Gelrlini, Houston TX; 77058-2783 ;USA sandra.k.moore@rasa. gov Matthew A. Gast United Space Alliance, LLC 600 Gelrlini, Houston TX, 77058-2783; USA lnatthew.gast-1 @nasa.gov Abstract Neil Armstrong's understated words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind." were spoken from Tranquility Base forty years ago. Even today, those words resonate in the ears of millions, including many who had yet to be born when man first landed on the surface of the moon. By their very nature, and in the tnie spirit of exploration, extravehicular activities (EVAs) have generated much excitement throughout the history of manned spaceflight. From Ed White's first space walk in June of 1965, to the first steps on the moon in 1969, to the expected completion of the International Space Station (ISS), the ability to exist, live and work in the vacuum of space has stood as a beacon of what is possible. It was NASA's first spacewalk that taught engineers on the ground the valuable lesson that successful spacewalking requires a unique set of learned skills. That lesson sparked extensive efforts to develop and define the training requirements necessary to ensure success. As focus shifted from orbital activities to lunar surface activities, the required skill-set and subsequently the training methods, changed. The requirements duly changed again when NASA left the moon for the last time in 1972 and have continued to evolve through the Skylab, Space Shuttle ; and ISS eras. -
Center Charter
Request to Establish the General H. Hugh Shelton Leadership Center a. Name of the Proposed Center We propose that NCSU establish the General H. Hugh Shelton Leadership Center. The program operations have been functioning for the last five years under an “initiative” title. b. Mission, Goals, and Objectives This center, which has functioned as an “initiative” for the past five years, is ideally aligned with the mission, goals, and objectives of NC State University. The following is an excerpt from the document “Leading, Connecting, Transforming” prepared for the UNC Tomorrow task force: As the world continues to change at a rapid pace, NC State is helping to shape the future with an uncommon focus. Our university has lived the land-grant mission of engagement for 120 years, listening proactively and constantly, remaining steadfast in a commitment to partners and the citizens of North Carolina, and following through with determined action. As the University of North Carolina Tomorrow identifies the needs facing our state over the next 20 years and develops a strategy to respond, NC State stands ready to lead, connect, and transform through our teaching, research, and outreach. Through strategic planning and a commitment to address the state and nation’s most pressing issues, NC State is organizing to focus on the following areas: 1. Preparing leaders for the state, nation, and world 2. Creating educational innovation 3. Improving health and well-being 4. Fueling economic development 5. Driving innovation in energy and the environment The mission of the General H. Hugh Shelton Leadership Center will be “to inspire, educate, and develop values-based leaders committed to personal integrity, professional ethics, and selfless service.” In alignment with this mission, the Center’s primary goal is to promote the following values: . -
Nasa Johnson Space Center Oral History Project
NASA HEADQUARTERS ORAL HISTORY PROJECT EDITED ORAL HISTORY TRANSCRIPT THOMAS P. STAFFORD INTERVIEWED BY JENNIFER ROSS-NAZZAL HOUSTON, TEXAS – APRIL 23, 2015 ROSS-NAZZAL: Today is April 23, 2015. This interview with General Tom Stafford is being conducted in Houston, Texas, for the NASA Headquarters Oral History Project. The interviewer is Jennifer Ross-Nazzal, assisted by Rebecca Wright. Thanks again for taking some time to meet with us. STAFFORD: My pleasure. ROSS-NAZZAL: We know your schedule is very hectic. I wanted to start by asking if you would talk about the Astronaut Office. If you would describe it for us when you first came here, the camaraderie, maybe the jokes and pranks, the competition between all of you guys, the 16 of you that were here. STAFFORD: It was very small when I arrived. Of course, this goes back when I was a little boy, when I was five or six years old. I grew up in the dust bowl of western Oklahoma, a little town called Weatherford. The main street was old Route 66, now Interstate 40. As a little kid, when I was five or six years old, this was 1936, ’37, I noticed every day during the day two or three giant—what I thought were silver—airplanes would go over. Those were [Douglas] DC-3s, and the first transcontinental air route, American Airlines and TWA [Trans World Airlines]. I’d look 23 April 2015 Johnson Space Center Oral History Project Thomas P. Stafford up and I’d watch that, I’d say, “I want to do that.” I wanted to fly since I was five or six years old, seeing those airplanes.