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Project Management and Software Cost Estimation Technologies

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Project Management and Software Cost Estimation Technologies STSC Report on Project Management and Software Cost Estimation Technologies April 1995 ABSTRACT The Project Management Technology Domain is a classification of methodologies, tools, theory and practice as it pertains to the field of project management. The purpose of this report is to increase awareness and understanding of project management technology. Use of this report should be the first step in transferring effective project management principles, methods, and products into practical use. The target audience of this report consists of those managers and technical personnel who are responsible for the development and maintenance of software in their organizations. This report defines the basic concepts of the Project Management Technology Domain and identifies their value in improving software quality and productivity. It explains how the capabilities of current project management products can improve management of software projects. It provides information about specific products in the marketplace. The information is aimed at those who must make decisions about acquiring project management technology and who must prepare their organizations to use it effectively. Finally, this report proposes an identification of future directions of the domain to help in planning long range strategies and development of an organizational road map toward improved software development. The Software Estimation Technology Report, March 1993 has been updated and is included in this report as Appendix A. Document No. STSC-TR-012-Apr95 This report was prepared by the: Software Technology Support Center Ogden ALC/TISE 7278 4th Street Hill AFB, UT 84056-5209 Representations: The ideas and findings in this report should not be construed as an official Air Force position. It is published in the interest of scientific and technical information exchange. References: The STSC makes every attempt to acknowledge the sources of information used, includely copyrighted material. If for any reason a reference has been misquoted or a source used inappropiately, we would like it brought to our attention for rectification or correction. Trademarks and Designations: Many of the designations and product titles used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. The STSC has made every attempt to supply trademark information about manufacturers and their products mentioned in this report. The trademarks are the property of their respective owners. This document is available through the STSC. To obtain a copy, please contact the STSC Customer Service Office at: Software Technology Support Center Attn: Customer Service Ogden ALC/TISE 7278 4th Street Hill AFB, UT 84056-5209 Voice: 801-777-7703 DSN 777-7703 FAX: 801-777-8069 DSN 777-8069 ii Project Management Technology Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ............................................................................................................ i Table of Contents ............................................................................................ iii Preface ............................................................................................................ vii Purpose and Objectives ............................................................................ vii Relationship to STSC Mission ................................................................... vii Updates to Previous Release .................................................................... vii Acknowledgments .....................................................................................viii 1PROJECT M ANAGEMENT T ECHNOLOGY D OMAIN TUTORIAL ........................1 1.1 Purpose and Overview .............................................................................. 1 1.2 Project Management History ..................................................................... 1 1.3 Concepts and Theory ................................................................................ 2 1.3.1 Project and Management Organization ........................................... 3 1.3.2 Developing the Project Plan ............................................................ 5 1.3.3 Implementing the Project Plan ........................................................ 8 1.3.4 Reporting Project Information .......................................................... 9 1.3.5 Summary ......................................................................................... 10 1.4 Project Management Tool Capabilities ..................................................... 11 1.4.1 User Assistance Capabilities ........................................................... 11 1.4.2 Project Scheduling Functionality ..................................................... 12 1.4.3 Resource Management Functionality .............................................. 16 1.4.4 Project Tracking Capabilities ........................................................... 17 1.4.5 Project Reporting Capabilities ......................................................... 18 1.5 Relationship to Software Estimation Technology ...................................... 21 1.6 Project Management Training and Consulting Services ........................... 21 1.6.1 Training and Consulting in Project Management Theory ................. 21 1.6.2 Training and Consulting with Project Management Software .......... 22 1.7 Standards Affecting the Project Management Technology Domain .......... 22 1.8 Challenges and Benefits............................................................................ 22 1.8.1 Challenges ....................................................................................... 22 1.8.2 Benefits ............................................................................................ 23 2STATE OF THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT T ECHNOLOGY DOMAIN ..................25 2.1 Background ............................................................................................... 25 2.2 Current and Future Trends ........................................................................ 25 2.2.1 Development of Theoretical Basis ................................................... 25 2.2.2 Development of Tool Functionality .................................................. 26 2.3 Tool Categories ......................................................................................... 27 2.3.1 Categories by Functionality ............................................................. 27 2.3.2 Categories by Cost .......................................................................... 27 2.3.3 Examples of Tools by Cost Category .............................................. 28 2.4 Project Management Technology Product List and Product Sheets ......... 28 2.5 References, Recommended Readings, and Glossary ............................... 28 Software Technology Support Center iii Table of Contents 3APPLICATIONS .................................................................................. 29 3.1 Technology Use......................................................................................... 29 3.2 Technology Insertion Methodology ............................................................ 29 3.2.1 Defining the Organization’s Theoretical Base.................................. 29 3.2.2 Defining Requirements for a Project Management System ............. 29 3.2.3 Evaluation and Selection of Software .............................................. 30 3.2.4 Trial Use and Piloting the Selected Technology .............................. 30 APPENDIX A: SOFTWARE E STIMATION T ECHNOLOGY .....................................A-1 1 Introduction................................................................................................ A-1 2 Software Estimation Process .................................................................... A-1 2.1 Basic Steps ...................................................................................... A-1 2.2 Software Estimation Methods .......................................................... A-3 2.3 Risks ................................................................................................ A-5 2.4 Software Estimation and the Capability Maturity Model (CMM) ...... A-5 3 Software Estimation Tools ........................................................................ A-5 3.1 Major Functional Capabilities .......................................................... A-6 3.2 Models ............................................................................................. A-7 3.3 Information on Specific Tools .......................................................... A-7 4 Conclusions ............................................................................................... A-7 4.1 Benefits ............................................................................................ A-7 4.2 Trends.............................................................................................. A-8 APPENDIX B: PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND SOFTWARE COST ESTIMATION T ECHNOLOGY PRODUCT L ISTS ...............................................................................B-1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... B-1 Project Management Technology Product List ................................................ B-2 Software Cost Estimation Technology Product List ......................................... B-8 APPENDIX C: PRODUCT SHEETS ...............................................................C-1 Project Management
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