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Dominant Frequency Characteristics of Calling Songs in Cicada
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2014; 2 (6): 330-332 ISSN 2320-7078 Dominant frequency characteristics of calling songs in JEZS 2014; 2 (6): 330-332 © 2014 JEZS cicada Chloropsalta smaragdula Haupt, 1920 (Hem: www.entomoljournal.com Received: 21-10-2014 Cicadidae) and its relationship with body length, width, Accepted: 21-11-2014 and weight. Akbar Mohammadi-Mobarakeh Department of Entomology, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Akbar Mohammadi-Mobarakeh, Bijan Hatami, Alireza Jalali Zand, Iran, 00989132375720. Rassoul Amir Fattahi, Hossein Zamanian Bijan Hatami Abstract Department of Entomology, To study the calling songs in cicada Chloropsalta smaragdula and its relationship with body length, Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, width, and weight, a research was conducted in the Iranian city of Mobarakeh, Isfahan Province, in 2011- Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, 2012. Different sound samples were taken under field and laboratory conditions. Throughout the Iran. sampling period, the calling songs of nine male cicadas were recorded and studied. The sound of each individual cicada was separately analyzed by MATLAB Software, and the size of its main parameter Alireza Jalali Zand Department of Entomology, (i.e., dominant frequency) was determined and recorded. The results showed that this cicada species have Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, a mean dominant frequency of 9.121 kHz. Moreover, the correlation coefficients indicated that there is a Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, positive relationship between the dominant frequency for the audio signal of the calling songs with body Iran. width and weight, and is significant at p<0.0001 probability level, thus, indicating that dominant frequency increases as body width and weight increase. -
Katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) Bio-Ecology in Western Cape Vineyards
Katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) bio-ecology in Western Cape vineyards by Marcé Doubell Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Sciences at Stellenbosch University Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Faculty of AgriSciences Supervisor: Dr P. Addison Co-supervisors: Dr C. S. Bazelet and Prof J. S. Terblanche December 2017 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: December 2017 Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Summary Many orthopterans are associated with large scale destruction of crops, rangeland and pastures. Plangia graminea (Serville) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) is considered a minor sporadic pest in vineyards of the Western Cape Province, South Africa, and was the focus of this study. In the past few seasons (since 2012) P. graminea appeared to have caused a substantial amount of damage leading to great concern among the wine farmers of the Western Cape Province. Very little was known about the biology and ecology of this species, and no monitoring method was available for this pest. The overall aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the biology and ecology of P. graminea in vineyards of the Western Cape to contribute knowledge towards the formulation of a sustainable integrated pest management program, as well as to establish an appropriate monitoring system. -
Biodiversity Summary: Port Phillip and Westernport, Victoria
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations. -
An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna
© Copyright Australian Museum, 2005 Records of the Australian Museum (2005) Vol. 57: 375–446. ISSN 0067-1975 An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna M.S. MOULDS Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia [email protected] ABSTRACT. The history of cicada family classification is reviewed and the current status of all previously proposed families and subfamilies summarized. All tribal rankings associated with the Australian fauna are similarly documented. A cladistic analysis of generic relationships has been used to test the validity of currently held views on family and subfamily groupings. The analysis has been based upon an exhaustive study of nymphal and adult morphology, including both external and internal adult structures, and the first comparative study of male and female internal reproductive systems is included. Only two families are justified, the Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae. The latter are here considered to comprise three subfamilies, the Cicadinae, Cicadettinae n.stat. (= Tibicininae auct.) and the Tettigadinae (encompassing the Tibicinini, Platypediidae and Tettigadidae). Of particular note is the transfer of Tibicina Amyot, the type genus of the subfamily Tibicininae, to the subfamily Tettigadinae. The subfamily Plautillinae (containing only the genus Plautilla) is now placed at tribal rank within the Cicadinae. The subtribe Ydiellaria is raised to tribal rank. The American genus Magicicada Davis, previously of the tribe Tibicinini, now falls within the Taphurini. Three new tribes are recognized within the Australian fauna, the Tamasini n.tribe to accommodate Tamasa Distant and Parnkalla Distant, Jassopsaltriini n.tribe to accommodate Jassopsaltria Ashton and Burbungini n.tribe to accommodate Burbunga Distant. -
And Y. Tristrigata (Goding and Froggatt) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Description of Four New Related Species
Zootaxa 3948 (3): 301–341 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3948.3.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:84F7C95D-2CDD-4700-A3E5-16EAAE53ABDD A redescription of Yoyetta landsboroughi (Distant) and Y. tristrigata (Goding and Froggatt) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and description of four new related species NATHAN J. EMERY1, DAVID L. EMERY2 & LINDSAY W. POPPLE3 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006. E-mail: [email protected] 2Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006. E-mail: [email protected] 3Biodiversity Assessment and Management, PO Box 1376, Cleveland, Queensland 4163. E-mail: [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 301 Introduction . 301 Material and methods . 302 Systematics . 303 Family Cicadidae Latrielle, 1802 . 303 Subfamily Cicadettinae Buckton, 1889 . 303 Tribe Cicadettini Buckton, 1889 . 303 Genus Yoyetta Moulds, 2012 . 303 Infrageneric relationships within Yoyetta . 304 Preliminary key to the species of Yoyetta . 304 Yoyetta landsboroughi (Distant 1882). 305 Yoyetta fluviatilis sp. nov. 312 Yoyetta nigrimontana sp. nov. 319 Yoyetta tristrigata (Goding & Froggatt) . 323 Yoyetta repetens sp. nov. 328 Yoyetta cumberlandi sp nov. 334 Notes on the ecology and behaviour of Yoyetta cicadas . .339 Acknowledgements . 340 References . 340 Abstract This study provides redescriptions of two small cicada species, Yoyetta landsboroughi (Distant) and Y. tristrigata (Goding and Froggatt), from eastern Australia, based on a detailed morphological examination of available material. The status of Y. toowoombae (Distant) is re-examined and it is now formally recognised to be a junior synonym of Y. -
A Review of the Genera of Australian Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea)
Zootaxa 3287: 1–262 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) ZOOTAXA 3287 A review of the genera of Australian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) M. S. MOULDS Entomology Dept, Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney N.S.W. 2010 E-mail: [email protected] Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by J.P. Duffels: 31 Jan. 2012; published: 30 Apr. 2012 M. S. MOULDS A review of the genera of Australian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) (Zootaxa 3287) 262 pp.; 30 cm. 30 Apr. 2012 ISBN 978-1-86977-889-7 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-86977-890-3 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2012 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2012 Magnolia Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from the publisher, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed in writing. This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose other than private research use. ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition) ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition) 2 · Zootaxa 3287 © 2012 Magnolia Press MOULDS TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . 5 Introduction . 5 Historical review . 6 Terminology . 7 Materials and methods . 13 Justification for new genera . 14 Summary of classification for Australian Cicadoidea . 21 Key to tribes of Australian Cicadinae . 25 Key to the tribes of Australian Cicadettinae . -
Tymbal Mechanics and the Control of Song Frequency in the Cicada Cyclochila Australasiae
The Journal of Experimental Biology 200, 1681–1694 (1997) 1681 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 JEB0847 TYMBAL MECHANICS AND THE CONTROL OF SONG FREQUENCY IN THE CICADA CYCLOCHILA AUSTRALASIAE H. C. BENNET-CLARK* Department of Zoology†, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK Accepted 15 March 1997 Summary The anatomy of the tymbal of Cyclochila australasiae was earlier pulses. The frequency of the pulses produced in the re-described and the mass of the tymbal plate, ribs and outward movement was affected most, suggesting that the resilin pad was measured. mass involved was less than that in any of the pulses The four ribs of the tymbal buckle inwards in sequence produced by the inward movement. from posterior to anterior. Sound pulses were produced by The quality factor, Q, of the pulses produced by the pulling the tymbal apodeme to cause the tymbal to buckle inward buckling of the unloaded tymbal was approximately inwards. A train of four sound pulses, each corresponding 10. For the outward buckling, Q was approximately 6. The to the inward buckling of one rib, could be produced by Q of loaded tymbals was higher than than that of unloaded each inward pull of the apodeme, followed by a single pulse tymbals. The Q of the resonances varied approximately as as the tymbal buckled outwards after the release of the the reciprocal of the resonant frequency. apodeme. Each preparation produced a consistent Experimental removal of parts of the tymbal showed that sequence of pulses. the thick dorsal resilin pad was an important elastic Each of the pulses produced had its maximum amplitude determinant of the resonant frequency, but that the mass during the first cycle of vibration. -
Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details I hereby declare that this thesis has not been, and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature:……………………………………… Singing Beasts: Opera and the Animal by Justin Newcomb Grize A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY University of Sussex Submitted October 2016 Viva Voce Examination January 2017 Corrections Submitted July 2017 Acknowledgements: My thanks first and foremost to my supervisors, Professor Nicholas Till and Doctor Evelyn Ficarra, whose contributions to this project have been immeasurable, and to Professors Paul Barker and Sally-Jane Norman, for constructive and enlightening feedback on both the practical and written elements of this project. Any flaws remaining after their oversight are entirely my own doing. To those in the Animal Studies community who have supported my research; in particular Professor Erica Fudge, Professor Tom Tyler, Professor Wendy Woodward, Dr Sarah Smith, and other participants at BIAS (Glasgow 2016) and ICAS (Cape Town, 2014). -
Vocalization in Caterpillars: a Novel Sound-Producing Mechanism for Insects Conrado A
© 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2018) 221, jeb169466. doi:10.1242/jeb.169466 RESEARCH ARTICLE Vocalization in caterpillars: a novel sound-producing mechanism for insects Conrado A. Rosi-Denadai1,2, Melanie L. Scallion1, Craig G. Merrett3 and Jayne E. Yack1,* ABSTRACT generate signals (Haskell, 1961; Dumortier, 1963; Ewing, 1989; Insects have evolved a great diversity of sound-producing Greenfield, 2002). However, the source of sound in insects is not – mechanisms largely attributable to their hardened exoskeleton, always limited to solid body parts mechanisms involving the which can be rubbed, vibrated or tapped against different movement of a fluid (air or liquid) through a tube, chamber or orifice substrates to produce acoustic signals. However, sound production have also been reported but are poorly understood (Haskell, 1961; by forced air, while common in vertebrates, is poorly understood in Ewing, 1989; Greenfield, 2002). insects. We report on a caterpillar that ‘vocalizes’ by forcing air into Sound production by airflow is common for terrestrial vertebrates and out of its gut. When disturbed, larvae of the Nessus sphinx as vocalizations. Broadly defined, vocalizations are acoustic hawkmoth (Sphingidae: Amphion floridensis) produce sound trains byproducts of eating or breathing, and include sounds made by air comprising a stereotyped pattern of long (370 ms) followed by leaving the animal from the respiratory system or the gut (Clark, multiple short-duration (23 ms) units. Sounds are emitted from the 2016). These sounds can be generated in two ways: by a oral cavity, as confirmed by close-up videos and comparing sound mechanically vibrating element or by an aerodynamic mechanism amplitudes at different body regions. -
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Solid State NMR Investigation of Protein-Based Biomaterials Resilin: An Extremely Efficient Elastomeric Protein by Andrew L. C. Reddin B.Sc., Dalhousie University, 2008 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Physics) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April, 2012 © Andrew L. C. Reddin 2012 Abstract Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance experiments were performed in order to investigate the microscopic properties of three resilin/resilin-like proteins: An16, rec1-resilin, and nat- ural resilin in dragonfly tendons. Three different types of experiments were performed: measurements of chemical shifts in 13C spectra, measurements of residual quadrupole cou- plings in deuterated water absorbed in the samples, and measurements of proton residual dipole couplings based on the buildup of multiple quantum coherences. The results suggest that the molecular chains in the materials tested are primarily randomly coiled and lacking in regular structure, and are able to easily change between many transient conformations. These conformations can vary significantly in terms of their structural characteristics, re- sulting in a broad distribution of localized dynamics. When stretched, An16 showed a slightly increased tendency to adopt β-sheet secondary structure. The natural resilin also exhibited slightly more rigid structure than the other materials, which may be related to greater efficiency in the natural crosslinking process. ii Table of Contents Abstract -
Sydney Metro, New South Wales
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Species List What is the summary for and where does it come from? This list has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. The list was produced using the AustralianAustralian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. For each family of plant and animal covered by ANHAT (Appendix 1), this document gives the number of species in the country and how many of them are found in the region. It also identifies species listed as Vulnerable, Critically Endangered, Endangered or Conservation Dependent under the EPBC Act. A biodiversity summary for this region is also available. For more information please see: www.environment.gov.au/heritage/anhat/index.html Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are notnot included included in in the the list. list. • The data used come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. All species names have been confirmed as valid species names, but it is not possible to confirm all species locations. -
Cicada Acoustic Communication
Chapter 7 Cicada Acoustic Communication Paulo J. Fonseca Abstract Cicadas are iconic insects that use conspicuously loud and often complexly structured stereotyped sound signals for mate attraction. Focusing on acoustic communication, we review the current data to address two major ques- tions: How do males generate specific and intense acoustic signals and how is phonotactic orientation achieved? We first explain the structure of the sound pro- ducing apparatus, how the sound is produced and modulated and how the song pattern is generated. We then describe the organisation and the sensitivity of the auditory system. We will highlight the capabilities of the hearing system in frequency and time domains, and deal with the directionality of hearing, which provides the basis for phonotactic orientation. Finally, we focus on behavioural studies and what they have taught us about signal recognition. This work is dedicated to Franz Huber and Axel Michelsen for teaching me so much…. 7.1 Introduction About 2,500 species of cicadas live in temperate and tropical regions around the world. Among insects they are notorious for their conspicuous loud and complex sound signals, which are stereotyped and species-specific (e.g. Fonseca 1991; but see Sueur and Aubin 2003, Sueur et al. 2007). Their particular temporal and spec- tral structure depends on the biomechanics of the sound production apparatus, and on the neural networks underlying song pattern generation. The latter determine the timing and bilateral coordination of timbal muscle contractions, i.e. the song pattern (Fonseca et al. 2008). P. J. Fonseca (*) Department of Biologia Animal and Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] B.