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Arenaria Serpyllifolia Sensu Been Declared

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Arenaria Serpyllifolia Sensu Been Declared View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Jagiellonian Univeristy Repository Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae DOI: 10.5586/asbp.3630 ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Publication history Received: 2018-08-29 Accepted: 2019-07-18 Is the presence of simple or glandular hairs Published: 2019-09-24 a good trait for distinguishing species in Handling editor Krzysztof Spalik, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Caryophyllaceae? A case study of Arenaria Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Poland serpyllifolia sensu lato in southern Poland Authors’ contributions KR, MN: idea of the study; MN: project leader; EJ: Kaja Rola, Elżbieta Jędrzejczak, Joanna Zalewska-Gałosz, Marcin morphometric studies; MN: SEM Nobis* studies; KR: statistical analysis; Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 JZG: molecular analysis; all Kraków, Poland authors helped in preparing the manuscript * Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Funding The research was funded by the Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian Abstract University in Kraków (K/N18/ Te presence of diferent types of indumentum is regarded as a valuable taxonomic DBS/000002). trait for describing and diferentiating between species in many diferent families Competing interests and genera. In Caryophyllaceae, however, this character is sometimes a subject of No competing interests have discussion and scientifc conficts. For instance, within Arenaria serpyllifolia sensu been declared. lato (s. l.), two or three taxa have been distinguished based on the presence or absence of glandular and/or eglandular hairs on the calyx and uppermost leaves, namely Copyright notice A. serpyllifolia, A. viscida, and A. serpyllifolia var. intermedia. Te most common, © The Author(s) 2019. This is an Open Access article distributed based on material from Poland, is the glandular morphotype of Arenaria serpyl- under the terms of the lifolia s. l. (315 specimens), which is in contrast to the eglandular and intermediate Creative Commons Attribution morphotypes represented by 174 and 24 specimens, respectively; however, the License, which permits ranges of distribution of these morphotypes fully overlap. Based on our macro- and redistribution, commercial and noncommercial, provided that micromorphological examination of specimens belonging to the group, as well as the article is properly cited. numerical and molecular studies, we conclude that the occurrence and abundance of eglandular and glandular hairs may vary in particular parts of specimens of Citation Arenaria serpyllifolia s. l., i.e., on their calyces, bracts, and uppermost and middle Rola K, Jędrzejczak E, Zalewska-Gałosz J, Nobis M. cauline leaves. Te width of the capsule was the only character for which signifcant Is the presence of simple or diferences between the SERP and VIS morphotypes were found; however, consider- glandular hairs a good trait ing all studied morphotypes together, the capsule characters overlap considerably. for distinguishing species in Moreover, morphological variation expressed by diferent types of indumenta is not Caryophyllaceae? A case study of Arenaria serpyllifolia sensu paralleled by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) polymorphism patterns. Te prob- lato in southern Poland. Acta able lack of genetic barriers between populations of individuals with glandular or Soc Bot Pol. 2019;88(3):3630. eglandular hairs supports the hypothesis that the type of indumentum is of minor https://doi.org/10.5586/ taxonomic importance. However, it is possible that we are dealing with sampling in asbp.3630 the hybrid zones of both taxa, and that individuals demonstrating morphological traits typical of both taxa (eglandular and glandular) do not in fact represent pure taxa but only diferent kinds of hybrids, backcrosses, or introgressive forms. Keywords Arenaria; calyx indumentum; ITS; morphometric analysis; SEM observation Introduction Te genus Arenaria L., widely distributed in the northern temperate and arctic regions of Eurasia and the Americas [1], comprises over 270 species worldwide [2], 126 of which occur in Europe [3]. In keeping with this wide geographical distribution, the genus expresses a high level of morphological variability, including various forms such as small annuals, biennials, perennials, spiny shrubs, or cushion plants [1,4]. Published by Polish Botanical Society 1 of 13 Rola et al. / Indumentum variation in Arenaria serpyllifolia s. l. ] In the genus Arenaria, especially in sect. Arenaria, some species have been 39 - described and diferentiated in terms of indumentum characters. Arenaria A serp. al. [ Breckle et Breckle Aghanistan serpyllifolia L. sensu lato (s. l.) can serve as an example in which two or three taxa have been distinguished based on the presence or absence of glandular hairs on the calyx and uppermost leaves. Tese taxa have been distinguished at ] - 9 [ the level of species, subspecies, or variety. Plants covered by simple eglandular China A. serp. Wu et al. Wu hairs are treated as A. serpyllifolia sensu stricto (s. s.), whereas plants covered with glandular hairs, sometimes with an admixture of a small number of - ] - 38 straight hairs, are classifed as A. viscida [syn. A. serpyllifolia subsp. viscida A. zozii , Russia A. serp. (Hall. f. ex Lois.) Dostál; A. serpyllifolia var. viscida (Loisel.) DC.; A. serpyllifolia Czerepa nov [ A. uralen sis subsp. glutinosa (Mert. & W. D. J. Koch) Arcang.; A. serpyllifolia var. glutinosa - ] W. D. J. Koch; A. serpyllifolia subsp. sarmatica Zapał.], A. zozii Kleop., or A. var. var. var. var. 37 uralensis Pall. ex Spreng. (Tab. 1). Eglandular plants with a small admixture of SSSR scabra viscida Former Former ring [ ring glandular hairs are distinguished either as A. serpyllifolia [syn. A. serpyllifolia and Knor and Schischkin A. serp. A. serp. subsp. scabra Fenzl.; A. serpyllifolia var. intermedia Zapał.] [5] or A. serpyllifolia subsp. sarmatica var. intermedia Zapał. [6]. Some authors have stressed that A. ] - 17 serpyllifolia and A. viscida also difer in terms of general distribution range, and [ Lazkov Lazkov A. serp. Caucasus regard the former as primarily a western European species and the latter as a Eurasian taxon [5,7]; however, both taxa have been recorded throughout the ] distribution range of Arenaria serpyllifolia s. l. [8–10]. It is worth emphasizing - 10 [ that there is still no consensus among taxonomists dealing with this group of Lazkov Lazkov A. serp. Kirgistan taxa; some treat A. serpyllifolia and A. viscida as two clearly-identifed species ] [5,11–13], subspecies, or varieties within A. serpyllifolia [7,14,15], whereas ] 9 13 others [8,16–18] regard the presence or absence of glandular hairs as a character - Siberia of minor taxonomic value and treat both morphotypes as belonging to one A. viscida Ebel [ Vlasova [ Vlasova taxon, namely A. serpyllifolia s. s. ] In Poland, the genus Arenaria is represented by three native species – A. 5 serpyllifolia, A. graminifolia Schrad. [syn. A. procera Spreng. subsp. glabra (F. A. serp. of Russia of A. viscida N. Williams) Holub], and A. tenella Kit. (syn. A. ciliata L.) [7,15,19,20] – as Tzvelev [ Tzvelev Europ. part Europ. well as the non-native A. leptoclados Guss., occasionally observed mainly in the southwestern part of the country [19]. Of the three above-mentioned ] - 18 native species, A. serpyllifolia is the most common in Poland [21], growing in [ Asian Russia A. serp. Vlasova Vlasova dry and ruderal areas, felds, fallows, and grasslands, in sandy and calcareous soils [7,20,22]. Two subspecies of A. serpyllifolia have been distinguished in ] Poland, namely A. serpyllifolia subsp. serpyllifolia and A. serpyllifolia subsp. 12 [ glandulosa [7,15]. Since both glandular and eglandular morphotypes have A. serp. Tzvelev Tzvelev A. viscida NW Russia been reported within A. serpyllifolia, we would like to answer the following questions in the present study: (i) Can these morphotypes be distinguished by ] any morphological character other than the indumentum? (ii) Are there any - 8 [ A. serp. Europe diferences between the two morphotypes in the micromorphology of capsules Halliday Halliday Chater and and Chater s. l. according to diferent taxonomic arrangements. taxonomic diferent to according s. l. and seeds? (iii) Is there any geographical distributional pattern characterizing ] these morphotypes in Poland? (iv) Does morphological diferentiation based 36 - on indumentum type coincide with molecular variation? Czech A. serp. Republic et al. [ et al. Danihelka Danihelka ] serp. Arenaria serpyllifolia Material and methods 14 [ gland. subsp. subsp. A. serp. A. serp. Werner Werner Jäger and and Jäger Germany subsp. subsp. Morphological analysis ] - 19 [ Te study is based on herbarium material of Arenaria serpyllifolia s. l., preserved A. serp. Mirek et al. et al. Mirek in two major Polish herbaria, KRA and KRAM. Altogether, 454 herbarium sheets were examined. On selected sheets, measurements of three complete ] serp. and undamaged specimens (when available) were made. In total, 525 speci- 15 [ gland. subsp. subsp. Poland A. serp. A. serp. mens of Arenaria were analyzed. When diferent morphotypes were available Rutkowski Rutkowski subsp. subsp. within a single herbarium sheet, each specimen was treated as a separate Classifcation of taxa grouped in taxa grouped of Classifcation ] individual. Based on available keys for identifcation, three quantitative and 7 serp. four qualitative characters were selected
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