DOCSLIB.ORG

Redalyc.TOURISM and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Redalyc.TOURISM and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais E-ISSN: 1645-586X [email protected] Associação Portuguesa para o Desenvolvimento Regional Portugal Eusébio, Celeste; Kastenholz, Elisabeth; Breda, Zélia TOURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL DESTINATIONS: A STAKEHOLDERS’ VIEW Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais, núm. 36, mayo-agosto, 2014, pp. 13-21 Associação Portuguesa para o Desenvolvimento Regional Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=514351882002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative TOUR ISM A ND SUSTA IN ABL E DE VELOPM EN T OF RURAL DE ST IN AT ION S: A STAK EHOLDE RS’ V IE W 1 TUR ISM O E DE SEN VOLV IMEN TO SUST EN TÁV EL DE DE ST INO S RURA IS: UMA V ISÃO DO S STAKEHOLDERS Celeste Eusébio [email protected] (corresponding author) Assistant Professor at the Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering. Full researcher at GOVCOPP – Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies. University of Aveiro Elisabeth Kastenholz [email protected] Associate Professor at the Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering. Full researcher at GOVCOPP – Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies. University of Aveiro Zélia Breda [email protected] Assistant Professor at the Department of Management, Economics and Industrial Engineering. Full researcher at GOVCOPP – Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies. University of Aveiro ABSTRA CT/R ESUM O The topic of sustainable development has become an A temática do desenvolvimento sustentável aumentou a increasingly popular field of research since the late 1980s, sua popularidade, como área de investigação, desde finais as a result of the report Our Common Future , which sug- de 1980, em resultado da publicação do relatório O Nosso gests the satisfaction of the current generation’s needs Futuro Comum , o qual sugere um modelo de desenvol- without affecting those of future generations. Rural tourism vimento que satisfaça as necessidades das gerações atuais has been identified as potentially contributing to sustaina- sem comprometer a capacidade das gerações futuras para ble development, guaranteeing the satisfaction of all stake- satisfazerem as suas próprias necessidades. O turismo rural holders, both from the demand and supply side, without tem sido identificado como um tipo de turismo que poderá jeopardizing natural, cultural and social resources. How- contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável dos destinos, ever, there is empirical evidence pointing at a relatively garantindo a satisfação de todos os stakeholders , tanto do modest role of rural tourism as a development tool, with lado da procura como do lado da oferta, sem comprome- this potential depending on several factors. It is in this ter os recursos naturais, culturais e sociais dos destinos. No context that the present paper analyses the views of sev- entanto, algumas evidências empíricas que têm sido publi- eral stakeholders of rural tourism in the Portuguese schist cadas revelam que o turismo rural, muitas vezes, tem um village Janeiro de Cima (visitors, residents, private sector papel relativamente modesto como instrumento de desen- supply agents, and local and regional tourism planning en- volvimento, em consequência de um conjunto de fatores. tities), regarding the tourism phenomenon in the village Neste contexto, este artigo analisa as perceções dos vários and its implications on sustainable development. These stakeholders (visitantes, residentes, agentes da oferta do se- views were obtained through a qualitative approach, in- tor privado e entidades responsáveis pelo planeamento do 1 The paper was elaborated within the scope of a three-year research project entitled “The overall rural tourism experience and sus- tainable local community development” (PTDC/CS-GEO/104894/2008), financed by the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (co-financed by COMPETE, QREN and FEDER), which started in June 2010 (see also http://cms.ua.pt/orte/). Revista Portuguesa de Estudos Regionais , n.º 36, 2014, 2.º Quadrimestre 14 Celeste Eusébio • Elisabeth Kastenholz • Zélia Breda terviewing stakeholder groups, in the context of a larger turismo a nível local e regional), de uma aldeia de xisto por- three year research project, financed by FCT, analysing the tuguesa (Janeiro de Cima) sobre a atividade turística na al- overall rural tourism experience and its potential for sus- deia e as suas implicações no desenvolvimento sustentável. tainable tourism development at the village scale. Os resultados apresentados neste artigo foram obtidos re- correndo a uma abordagem qualitativa, através de entrevis- tas ao diferentes stakeholders , no âmbito de um projeto de investigação financiado pela FCT, sobre a experiência global em turismo rural e as suas implicações para o desenvolvi- mento sustentável de destinos locais (aldeias). Keywords: Rural Tourism, Sustainable Development, Local Palavras-chave: Turismo Rural, Desenvolvimento Sustentá- Communities, Stakeholders, Schist Villages, Portugal vel, Comunidades Locais, Stakeholders , Aldeias de Xisto, Portugal. JEL Code: Q01, R58 Códigos JEL: Q01, R58 of rural areas. This literature review is followed by a case 1. IN TR OD UCTION study that, through a qualitative approach, identifies the Tourism may be considered a development tool in views of diverse tourism stakeholders (visitors, public and which sustainable development principles should be used. private agents of supply and residents) concerning pur- Nowadays, after the publication of the Brundtland Com- chase behaviour, satisfaction, host-visitor interaction and missions’ report Our Common Future in 1987 (WCED, perceptions of the tourism phenomenon and its implica- 1987), the idea of sustainability is widespread, also being tions on the village’s development. The methodology and transferred to tourism (Saarinen, 2006). However, for tour- a description of the village under analysis are presented, as ism to be sustainable, it needs to protect local culture, im- are findings and discussion of results. The paper ends with prove social and individual well-being, and preserve the conclusions and implications about how to make tourism environment (Choi & Sirakaya, 2005). Sustainability should a sustainable development tool for rural areas. be linked to all types and scales of tourism activities and environments (Butler, 1999; Saarinen, 2006), but it is not easy to implement sustainable tourism at the local level 2. T OUR ISM A ND SUSTA IN ABL E DE VELOPM EN T (Choi & Sirakaya, 2005). In many tourism destinations resi- dents are excluded from decision making, there is absence The concept of sustainability emerged in the mid19 th of stakeholder collaboration, and there is external control century as a response to problems produced by industri- over development by private operators or foreign inves- alization and urbanization (Choi & Sirakaya, 2005). Nowa- tors (Choi & Sirakaya, 2006). Despite these difficulties, it is days this view is considered a new development paradigm, crucial to define tourism development strategies that con- dominating both political and academic discourse. The tribute to sustainable development of tourism destinations. sustainable development approach substitutes the old de- Tourism and sustainable development in rural areas velopment paradigm, focused only on economic growth, have been subject of a growing research interest (Ghaderi which proved to be socially inequitable and environmen- & Henderson, 2012; Lee, 2013). However, few studies use tally unsuitable. a multi-stakeholder approach to analyse the contribution The World Commission on Environment and Develop- of tourism to sustainable development of a rural tourism ment (WCED), in its report Our Common Future , defines destination. In addition, in Portugal little research has been sustainable development as development that “meets the conducted in this domain. Therefore, the current study needs of the present without compromising the ability of may help bridge this gap, discussing sustainability within future generations to meet their own needs” (WCED, 1987, the context of a village ( Janeiro de Cima ) located in the p. 43). This concept has been applied to several sectors, interior Central Region of Portugal. The research question including tourism (Saarinen, 2006). The demand for more is: does rural tourism contribute to sustainable destination environmentally sensitive and sustainable practices in tour- development, guaranteeing the satisfaction of all stake- ism grew quickly in the 1980s (Saarinen, 2006) as a result holders both from the demand and supply side, without of increased knowledge about negative impacts of tourism jeopardizing natural, cultural and social resources? and due to intensified environmental problems in general. The paper begins with a literature review concerning However, the application of the concept in practical terms the role of tourism in sustainable destination development, has not achieved maturity yet. In this field, most debates considering the specificities of rural tourism, and the con- and studies have been presented at a theoretical rather tributions of this tourism form to sustainable development than at a practical level (Butler, 1999;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Use of Souvenir Purchase As an Important Medium for Sustainable Development in Rural Tourism: the Case Study in Dahu, Mioli County, Taiwan
    2009 National Extension Tourism (NET) Conference The use of souvenir purchase as an important medium for sustainable development in rural tourism: The case study in Dahu, Mioli county, Taiwan Tzuhui A. Tseng, Ph. D. Assistant Professor, Department of Regional Studies in Humanity and Social Sciences, National Hsinchu University of Education, Taiwan David Y. Chang, Ph. D. Associate Professor, School of Hotel & Restaurant Management, University of South Florida Ching-Cheng Shen, Ph. D. Associate Professor, The Graduate School of Travel Management, National Kaohsiung Hospitality College Outline • Introduction • Literature review • RhdiResearch design • Result • Conclusion and suggestion Graburn (1977) stated that very few visitors would not bring back anything to showoff their trip after coming back from a vacation. Int r oduction Introduction • Souvenir becomes destination or attraction – Tourists not only come visit for its special local scenery or cultural activity, but sometimes for its spppecial local product as well. – It is a very common custom for Taiwanese tourists to purchase local souvenirs as gifts to bring back to friends and family. • Souvenir bring big economy – Turner and Reisinger (2000) indicated that tourists spent 2/3 of their total cost on shopp in g when t ra ve ling dom esti call y, an d 1/5 o f t he tota l cost w en t in to sh oppin g when traveling internationally. – Shopping is a main or secondary factor for traveling, and is very important to tourists. it often is an important factor for whether a trip is successful. • Niche tourism or Special interest tourism – There are not many related studies on souvenir purchasing in recent years.
    [Show full text]
  • JORDAN's Tourism Sector Analysis and Strategy For
    وزارة ,NDUSTRYالصناعةOF I والتجارة والتموينMINISTRY اململكة SUPPLY األردنيةRADE ANDالهاشميةT THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN These color you can color the logo with GIZ JORDAN EMPLOYMENT-ORIENTED MSME PROMOTION PROJECT (MSME) JORDAN’S TOURISM SECTOR ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY FOR SECTORAL IMPROVEMENT Authors: Ms Maysaa Shahateet, Mr Kai Partale Published in May 2019 GIZ JORDAN EMPLOYMENT-ORIENTED MSME PROMOTION PROJECT (MSME) JORDAN’S TOURISM SECTOR ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY FOR SECTORAL IMPROVEMENT Authors: Ms Maysaa Shahateet, Mr Kai Partale Published in May 2019 وزارة ,NDUSTRYالصناعةOF I والتجارة والتموينMINISTRY اململكة SUPPLY األردنيةRADE ANDالهاشميةT THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN These color you can color the logo with JORDAN’S TOURISM SECTOR — ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY FOR SECTORAL IMPROVEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 05 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 06 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................08
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Tourism – an Overview
    RURAL TOURISM – AN OVERVIEW OCTOBER 2010 Humaira Irshad Rural Development Division [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 2 Background 4 Objectives of Study 5 Approach and Scope of Study 5 What is rural tourism? 5 Types of rural tourism 6 Driving forces in rural tourism 7 Benefits of rural tourism 8 Rural tourism in Canadian provinces – some examples 11 Rural tourism in other countries 15 Best practices of rural tourism 17 What makes rural tourism successful? 24 Future research and development 25 Final thoughts 28 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research provides an overview of rural tourism, types of tourism, its benefits for rural communities and some examples of rural tourism development in Canadian provinces and other jurisdiction of the world. Rural tourism can be defined as the ‗country experience‘ which encompasses a wide range of attractions and activities that take place in agricultural or non-urban areas. Its essential characteristics include wide-open spaces, low levels of tourism development, and opportunities for visitors to directly experience agricultural and/or natural environments. Rural tourism is not just farm-based tourism. It includes farm-based holidays but also comprises special interest nature holidays and ecotourism, walking, climbing and riding holidays, adventure, sport and health tourism, hunting and angling, educational travel, arts and heritage tourism, and, in some areas, ethnic tourism. A major form of tourism is agritourism, which refers to, ―the act of visiting a working farm or any agricultural, horticultural or agribusiness operation for the purpose of enjoyment, education, or active involvement in the activities of the farm or operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Health & Wellness Tourism
    A ROUTLEDGE FREEBOOK HEALTH & WELLNESS TOURISM A FOCUS ON THE GLOBAL SPA EXPERIENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS 004 :: FOREWORD 007 :: SECTION I: INTRODUCTION 008 :: 1. SPA AND WELLNESS TOURISM AND POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 030 :: 2. HEALTH, SOCIABILITY, POLITICS AND CULTURE: SPAS IN HISTORY, SPAS AND HISTORY 041 :: 3. A GEOGRAPHICAL AND REGIONAL ANALYSIS 059 :: SECTION II: CASE STUDIES 060 :: 4. TOWN OR COUNTRY? BRITISH SPAS AND THE URBAN/RURAL INTERFACE 076 :: 5. SARATOGA SPRINGS: FROM GENTEEL SPA TO DISNEYFIED FAMILY RESORT 087 :: 6. FROM THE MAJESTIC TO THE MUNDANE: DEMOCRACY, SOPHISTICATION AND HISTORY AMONG THE MINERAL SPAS OF AUSTRALIA 111 :: 7. HEALTH SPA TOURISM IN THE CZECH AND SLOVAK REPUBLIC 128 :: 8. TOURISM, WELLNESS, AND FEELING GOOD: REVIEWING AND STUDYING ASIAN SPA EXPERIENCES 147 :: 9. FANTASY, AUTHENTICITY, AND THE SPA TOURISM EXPERIENCE 165 :: SECTION III: CONCLUSION 166 :: 10. JOINING TOGETHER AND SHAPING THE FUTURE OF THE GLOBAL SPA AND WELLNESS INDUSTRY RELAX MORE DEEPLY WITH THE FULL TEXT OF THESE TITLES USE DISCOUNT CODE SPA20 TO GET 20% OFF THESE ROUTLEDGE TOURISM TITLES ROUTLEDGE TOURISM Visit Routledge Tourism to browse our full collection of resources on tourism, hospitality, and events. >> CLICK HERE FOREWORD HOW TO USE THIS BOOK As more serious study is devoted to different aspects of the global spa industry, it’s becoming clear that the spa is much more than a pleasant, temporary escape from our workaday lives. Indeed, the spa is a rich repository of historical, cultural, and behavioral information that is at once unique to its specific location and shared by other spas around the world. We created Health and Wellness Tourism: A Focus on the Global Spa Industry to delve further into the definition of what constitutes a spa, and showcase different perspectives on the history and evolution of spa tourism.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Tourism and the Reconstruction of Rural
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Health and Human Development RURAL TOURISM AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF RURAL IDENTITY IN CHINA A Dissertation in Recreation, Park, and Tourism Management by Lan Xue 2015 Lan Xue Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2015 The dissertation of Lan Xue was reviewed and approved* by the following: Deborah L. Kerstetter Professor of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management Chair of the Graduate Program Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Garry Chick Professor of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management Carter Hunt Assistant Professor of Recreation, Park and Tourism Management Anouk Patel-Campillo Assistant Professor of Rural Sociology *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT Tourism has become a worldwide phenomenon and an increasingly recognized tool for regional development, especially in remote and underdeveloped areas (Fleischer & Felsenstein, 2000). In China, tourism development has been used as a pro-poor strategy by local government to diminish poverty and increase the living standards of rural residents (Su, 2001). Although the economic and social aspects of rural tourism development have been widely examined and debated, little attention has been paid to the impact of rural tourism development on the cultural construct of rural life (i.e., residents’ rural identities). In this study I explored the role of tourism development in changing rural identities in the context of China, which has been experiencing rapid urbanization and rural reconstructing processes in recent years. To understand the features of local residents’ rural identity change and its underlying mechanism, I conducted a case study in Chongdu Valley, a popular and pioneering rural tourist destination in the middle of China from June to August 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Rural Tourism Development Using Ecotourism As a Model of Community Empowerment in Cireundeu Indigenous Village, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia
    International Conference of Integrated Microfinance Management (IMM-16) Rural tourism development using ecotourism as a model of community empowerment in Cireundeu indigenous village, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia Deru R Indika1,*, Nike Vonika1 1Department of Management and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected] get benefit only from selling handicrafts, food and ABSTRACT souvenirs in small scale. In addition, tourism activities also often cause Ecotourism, as a concept of sustainable tourism, is used environmental damage. This is because both the in the development of rural tourism. Ecotourism managers and tourists have less awareness to take concerns about the conservation of nature and culture, responsibility for protecting the environment. The high the participation of local residents, the transfer of number of visitor to a tourism destination has also knowledge to visitors, and the small scale of tourism to become a trigger for the destruction of environment. preserve the environment capability. The process of Considering the environment sustainability is an community empowerment through the development of important factor in the process of community rural tourism in Cireundeu was triggered by a discourse empowerment because the preservation of the natural about the reactivation of Leuwi Gajah landfill. environment will automatically maintain the survival of Objections to the landfill have been voiced, but they did the community. This is confirmed by Adi (2008), stating not manage to cause the landfill to be inactive. Using a that the sustainability in a relatively underdeveloped qualitative approach, this study describes the process of country such as Indonesia tends to focus on the community empowerment through the development of sustainability of development programs, and frequently rural tourism by raising the potentials of Cireundeu as an the element of environment preservation does not indigenous village.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Rural Tourism and Management
    G.J. C.M.P., Vol. 2(4):115-120 July-August, 2013 ISSN: 2319 – 7285 SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND MANAGEMENT: A RAPID CHANGE AND REVIEW Godavari Jange Research Scholar, Dept. of Economics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga Abstract The success of the tourism sector in the postwar period has resulted in an industry which is characterized not only by growth but also by rapid change as many as 75 per cent of the world’s poor people live in rural areas. Top tourism destinations, particularly in developing countries, include national parks, wilderness areas, mountains, lakes, and cultural sites, most of which are generally rural. Thus tourism is already an important feature of the rural economy in these specific sites. It is self-evident that tourism will never come to dominate all rural areas, particularly in the developing world – there are vast swathes of rural areas for which tourism is not relevant for the foreseeable future. Between these two extremes are poor rural areas with some tourism potential, and an urgent need to develop whatever economic potential they have. Thus, an important question is whether more can be done to develop tourism within such rural areas, as a way of dispersing the benefits of tourism and increasing its sustainable rural tourism as a phenomenon and with a review of literature on rural tourism and rural development. Further the article brings the rural tourism industry, poverty impact, respect for nature and local cultures, attentive use of natural resources, sound working conditions, hospitality, supporting local economies, best local products: food, handicraft, culture, sustainable buildings and facilities etc.
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - Important Facts
    United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - Important Facts The important points concerning the UN World Tourism Organization are listed below. 1. It was established in 1974. 2. UNWTO is headquartered in Madrid, Spain. 3. United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESCO) is the parent organization of UNWTO. 4. 158 countries are members of the United Nations World Tourism Organization. United Nations World Tourism Organization - Roles & Responsibilities 1. Promote responsible and universally accessible tourism. 2. Special attention towards development of sustainable tourism in Small Islands Developing States (SIDS). 3. Promoting the potential of promoting tourism in fighting against poverty. 4. Successfully implemented Collaborative Actions for Sustainable Tourism (COAST) tourism project in Africa. United World Tourism Organization - World Tourism Rankings The United World Tourism Organization publishes the World Tourism Rankings 3 times in a year. The rankings are assigned by taking into account various indicators like number of international visitor arrivals, expenditures incurred by outbound travelers, revenue generated through inbound tourism. The countries ranked in top 10 of World Tourism Rankings as per 2018, as listed below. 1. France 2. Spain 3. United States 4. China 5. Italy 6. Turkey 7. Mexico 8. Germany 9. Thailand 10. United Kingdom. Tourism in India Tourism sector in India is an important component of India’s growth and Economy. Some of the important facts concerning Tourism in India are listed below. 1. Tourism in India generated revenue worth $ 240 billion in 2018. 2. The share of Tourism in Indian GDP was at 9.2% in 2018. 3. Tourism supported more than 42 million jobs. 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Implementing Sustainable Tourism in the USAID Context
    Implementing Sustainable Tourism in the USAID Context Arusha, Tanzania February 2006 MODULE 7: BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER – ASSEMBLING A TOURISM PROJECT Objectives By the end of the session, participants will be able to: • Design a holistic, integrated approach for a new tourism project • Estimate the budget and period necessary for a chosen tourism intervention • Select illustrative performance indicators to measure whether interventions will achieve program goal(s) From Concept to RFP/RFA •Goal • Background (issues) • Components, Interventions [and Activities] • Performance Indicators • Period of Performance • Budget • Staffing • Environmental Considerations • Funding Mechanism USAID Jordan, 2004 - 2009 Strategic Objective: SO10 • Improved Economic Opportunities for Jordanians Intermediate Results: • More transparent, efficient and responsive public sector • More effective legal and regulatory reform • Increased depth of private sector growth involvement Jordan Tourism Project Program Goal: To promote Jordan’s competitiveness as an international tourism destination by establishing the proper institutional and regulatory framework that enables a private sector-driven approach that spurs tourism growth while at the same time preserving the nation’s historic and natural treasures. Jordan Tourism Project Program Background: • Major challenges facing Jordan • Jordan’s economy and tourism’s contribution • Tourism in Jordan compared to neighboring countries • Constraints to Jordan’s tourism sector development • Past USAID involvement in tourism
    [Show full text]
  • Community Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism Development: the Mediating Role of Community Support for Tourism
    sustainability Article Community Empowerment and Sustainable Tourism Development: The Mediating Role of Community Support for Tourism Shahrukh Khalid 1, Muhammad Shakil Ahmad 2,3 , T. Ramayah 4,5, Jinsoo Hwang 6 and Insin Kim 7,* 1 Department of Management Sciences, Bahria University Islamabad 46220, Pakistan; [email protected] 2 Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Attock 43600, Pakistan; [email protected] 3 College of Hotel & Tourism Management, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130–701, Korea 4 School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; [email protected] 5 Internet Innovation Research Center, Newhuadu Business School, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China 6 The College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea; [email protected] 7 Department of Tourism and Convention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-51-510-3005 Received: 26 September 2019; Accepted: 6 November 2019; Published: 7 November 2019 Abstract: Though community empowerment and sustainable tourism development (STD) have been discussed in the existing literature, little research has focused on the elaborate mechanisms between these two variables. Therefore, the present study examines the relationship between community empowerment and STD, along with the mediating role played by community support for tourism. Using social exchange theory, this research establishes theoretical relationships between vital variables for STD. A survey of empirical study was undertaken, and data were collected from 353 local residents in the northern area of Pakistan. The results for data analyses demonstrated a significant relationship between community empowerment and STD initiatives, and community support for tourism was shown to partially mediate the relationship between the two variables.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Evaluation Report Tourism with MR.Pdf
    2019 Integrated Rural Tourism Development Project Final Evaluation Report Altunyan Hasmik Individual Consultant 12/13/2019 0 | Page Contents Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. Brief Description ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Objective and Methodology of the Project Evaluation................................................................................ 3 3. Project Impact .............................................................................................................................................. 4 4. Cross Cutting Issues .................................................................................................................................. 13 5. Relevance, Effectiveness, Efficiency and Sustainability of the Project .................................................... 13 6. Summary Impact and Recommendations .................................................................................................. 15 Annex 1. Results Framework ............................................................................................................................ 20 Annex 2 Project Activities ................................................................................................................................. 22 Annex 3 List of Interviewed project beneficiaries
    [Show full text]
  • PDF, Rural Tourism Development: Institution, Disaster And
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER • OPEN ACCESS Rural Tourism Development: Institution, Disaster and Communication To cite this article: Sri Fatimah and S.K. Ayu 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 466 012023 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 170.106.202.8 on 25/09/2021 at 07:20 International Conference on Climate Smart Sustainable Agriculture IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 466 (2020) 012023 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/466/1/012023 Rural Tourism Development: Institution, Disaster and Communication Sri Fatimah1, And Ayu S.K.2 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University 2 Graduate Program in Tourism Planning, ITB Correspondence Email: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract. The emergence of rural tourism began to bloom initiated in various regions in Indonesia, including the Sindulang Village Area. The development of rural tourism is still fluctuating; this is thought to be a result of the still weak institutions at the local scale of the tourist villages. This situation then demands the existence of implementing organization that has independence in management. The development of the Sindulang Tourism Village carries a traditional concept which involves the local community in its management. Efforts to increase the capacity of all elements involved in the development of rural tourism are carried out by the village government. This study aims to assess the capacity building strategies in order to achieve the development potential of tourism villages in Sindulang. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach of a case study.
    [Show full text]