The Structureand Content of The

"_ ........ 1976022022 I _,_ THE STRUCTUREAND CONTENT OF THE . GALAXY AND GALACTICGAMMA RAYS .'° 1 o' " , ' , Sit _ • '+_L ' ltiPti'_tii(}k ,: _,., /,i/_ JUNE 1076 _ t : "_ r ''" • GODDARDSPACEFLIGHTCENTER,, ' _' GREENBELT,MARYLAND ' (N AS A-TH-X-71159) THE STBUCTURE AND CONTENT N76-29110 OF THE GALAXY AND GALACTIC GAMMA RAYS (NASA) THRU _16 p HC $11.00 CSCL 03B N7G-29132 Unclas G3/90 _5966 i .... -_/-- _ - ..... imlll n [ _ ! Im - • ,...... " _ 1976022022-002 / THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE GALAXY AND GALACTIC GAMMA RAYS the proceedings of an international symposium held at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland June 2-4, 1976 i 1976022022-003 v I _ I PREFACE - _, l The following papers in this preprint include all of the invited ! papers from the Second International Ganmm-Ray Symposium held at NASA ._ Goddard Space Flight Center, June 2-4, 1976 entitled "The Structure and Content of the Galaxy and Galactic Ganmm-Rays". A glance at the contents of this preprint will show that this was not just a 7-ray symposium, but in reality a symposium on galactic ! structure drawing on all branches of galactic astronomy with emphasis on the implications of the new 7-ray observations. The following ; papers are not just reviews; they include much new and previously un- ! : publlshedmaterial including (i) the first reported results from the : COS-B 7-ray satellite presented by our European colleagues, (2) new SAS-2 results on 7-ray pulsars, Cygnus X-3 and new maps of the galactic _ _ _ diffuse flux, (3) very recent data from CO surveys of the galaxy, i (4) new high resolution radio surveys of external galaxies, (5) new ! _' _ results on the galactic distribution of pulsars and (6) new theoretical _ ,. _ work on galactic 7-ray emission. For this reason, the committee felt the _ need to make this preprint available shortly after the symposium in order to provide the astrophysical conmmnity with this new work well _ _ before the proceedings are published in final book form by NASA. i Other copies of this preprint will be available on a limited _ ' basis by writing one of the committee members. i " I Carl E. Fichtel ! Floyd W. Stecker NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 _ June 1976 t | ii 1976022022-004 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE I F C. Crannell v C. Fichtel* * F. Jones D. Kniffen F. Stecker* D. Thompson : J. Trombka *Co- Chairme n d iii _: 1976022022-005 : AGENDA FO_I GAMMA RAY SYMPOSIUM "THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF THE GALAXY AND GALACTIC GA_A RAYS" i June 2 a 1976 Introductory Remarks - Floyd Stecker Welcome - John F. Clark, Director vii NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center : Morning Chairman: Raymond Wills, European Space Research and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, The Netherlands \ SAS-2 Galactic Gamma Ray Results-I - David Thompson I NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center SAS-2 Galactic Ganma Ray Results-ll - Robert Hartman 12 NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center The COS-B Experiment and Mission - Boudewijn Swanenburg, 23 Huygens Laboratorium, The Netherlands COS-B Intensity Profiles of High-Energy Gamma Radiation From the Galaxy Part I, Galactic Disk - Jacques Paul, CEN Saclay, France 39 Part 2, Localized Sources - Hans Mayer Hasselwander Max Planck Institut, W. Germany 45 The Time Structure of the Ganmm-Ray Emission from the Crab and Vela Pulsars - Rosolino Buccheri, Unlversita di Palermo, Italy 52 Afternoon Chairman: George F. Pieper, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Low and Medium Energy Gar_na Rays -Gcrald Share, 65 U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C., U.S.A. Very High Energy Ganm_a Rays - Jonathan Grlndlay, 84 Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Pulsar Theory and Cosmic Ray Origin, Peter Sturrock, 108 i Institute of Plasma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, U.S.A. _! j 1976022022-006 I I Ganmm Ray Pulsars - Hakki Dgelman 118 Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey Contributed "hot topic" papers 126 June 3_ 1976 • Morning Chairman: Maurice Shapiro, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C. U.S.A. Density Wave Theory - William Roberts_ Jr., University 128 of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., U.S.A. Observations of Molecular Clouds - Nicholas Scoville, 163 University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., U.S.A. Galactic Atomic and Ionized Hydrogen - W. Butler Burton, 177 % National Radio Astronomy Obs., Charlottesville, Va.,U.S.A. Nonthermal Radio (Synchrotron) - John Baldwin 206 Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, England ,_ Infrared Astronomy and High Energy Astrophysics - 222 Giovanni Fazio, Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. Afternoon Chairman: Arnold Wolfendale, University of Durham, England q Ultraviolet Observations of Local Gas - Edward Jenkins, 239 Princeton University, Princeton, N. J., U.S.A. Small Scale Local Ga_mm Ray Features - Jean-Loup Puget, 255 Observatoire de Meudon, France Diffuse Galactic Gan1_a Ray Lines - Richard Lingenfelter, 264 University of California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A. Contributed "hot topic" papers 286 q v 1976022022-007 I ! I June 4j 1976 Page Morning Chairman: Bernard Peters_ Danish Space Research Institute, Lyngby, Denmark Continued presentation of '_ot topic" papers 288 Supernova Origin of Cosmic Rays - David Arnett, 289 " University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, U.S.A. Galactic Distribution of Pulsars - John Seiradakis 299 Ma×-Planck-lnstitut, Bonn, Fed. Republic of Germany Cosmic Ray Propagation and Containment - Eugene Parker, 320 University of Chicago, Chicago, Iii., U.S.A. Ga_na Rays and Large-Scale Galactic Structure - (i) - 341 Donald Kniffen, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Afternoon Chairman: Livio Scarsi, Universita dl Palermo, Palermo, Italy Gar_na Rays and Large-Scale Galactic Structure - (2) - 357 Floyd Stecker, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center : Summary and Panel Discussion - Giovanni Bignami_ University of Milan, Italy; Edward Chupp, University of New Hampshire, U.S.A.; Carl Flchtel, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, U.S.A.; Kenneth Greisen, Cornell University, U.S.A.; Eugene Parker, University of Chicago, U.S.A.; Volkes SchBnfelder, Max-Planck-lnstltut, West Germany; Evry Shatzman, Obs. de Meudon, France; Jack Trombka, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, U.S.A.; : Raymond Wills, European Space Research and Technology : Center, The Netherlands. Concluding Remarks - Carl Fichtel Geddard Colloquium Gamma Rays and the Structure of our Galaxy - Kenneth Grelsen, Cornell University, U.S.A. Registered Participants of 7-Ray Symposium 392 vi 1976022022-008 / WELCOME John F. Clark, Director NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Md. 20771 It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to Goddard Space Flight Center to participate in our second international Garmna-Ray Symposium. We are all happy to see that so many distinguished members of the international scientific community are with us today. There has been a deep interest in 7-ray astronomy at Goddard since shortly after Goddard was formed--not only because it was real- ized that the space age permitted this new astronomical window to be . opened, but also because of the great significance of 7-ray astronomy ._. which arises from its very direct relationship to the largest transfers of energy occurring in astrophysical processes. At the time of the first international _-ray symposium held here at Goddard just over three years ago, shortly after the launch of SAS-2, .._ I expressed the hope that it would be the first of many fruitful international 7-ray symposia. That hope has become reality. In the following year, our colleagues at the European Space Agency held a symposium at Frascati in preparation for COS-B, the first results from which we will hear about this morning. ESA has also planned a symposium in the near future which, we are certain, will also be very successful. ; The progress in 7-ray astronomy over the last three years has been i very encouraging. The first fairly definitive results are now beginning to emerge particularly in regard to the galactic plane, and, as they do, great interest is evolving in the interrelationship between galactic : structure, cosmic ray origin, the cosmic ray distribution in the galaxy, . and 7-rays. Point sources are also beginning to emerge with one of the great surprises being the identification of several 7-ray pulsars with their radio counterparts. We are, of course, pleased at the active role that Goddard has been playing in both the observational and theoretical aspects of this work. O,r meeting this week will be of a somewhat different nature than the first symposium. It will address itself primarily to a particular task, namely that of determining the relationship of the new galactic 7-ray results to the overall problem of the structure, content, and 1 dynamics of the galaxy. To this end, distinguished colleagues from ! other scientific disciplines of observational and theoretical astronomy vii 7 ] 976022022-009 I i Im I , l w_ .U" , m . _ Io Y and astrophysics have been invited to report and review recent advances in these fields which also bear on these problems. We are confident that the interaction of knowledgable scientists in these various fields will greatly further progress in determining the nature of our galaxy and its contents, both through dialogue and inspiration. Periods of free discussion and a panel discussion have been planned to fruther that • dialogue. The recent NASA report on the "Outlook for Space" to the year 2000 lists many questions which it is hoped that both NASA and the world space community will help answer and 7-ray astronomy should be prominently involved in the solution of these problems• To this end, this symposium, together with tbe one sponsored by ESIAB toward the end of this year should act as strong catalysts to stimulate even further continued strong research in this very important scientific field. On that note for the future, I would once again like to thank you all for coming, welcome you to Goddard, and wish you the greatest suc- cess in your present work.

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