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Tides of Violence: Mapping the Sri Lankan Conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre
Tides of violence: mapping the Sri Lankan conflict from 1983 to 2009 About the Public Interest Advocacy Centre The Public Interest Advocacy Centre (PIAC) is an independent, non-profit legal centre based in Sydney. Established in 1982, PIAC tackles barriers to justice and fairness experienced by people who are vulnerable or facing disadvantage. We ensure basic rights are enjoyed across the community through legal assistance and strategic litigation, public policy development, communication and training. 2nd edition May 2019 Contact: Public Interest Advocacy Centre Level 5, 175 Liverpool St Sydney NSW 2000 Website: www.piac.asn.au Public Interest Advocacy Centre @PIACnews The Public Interest Advocacy Centre office is located on the land of the Gadigal of the Eora Nation. TIDES OF VIOLENCE: MAPPING THE SRI LANKAN CONFLICT FROM 1983 TO 2009 03 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................... 09 Background to CMAP .............................................................................................................................................09 Report overview .......................................................................................................................................................09 Key violation patterns in each time period ......................................................................................................09 24 July 1983 – 28 July 1987 .................................................................................................................................10 -
Jaffna District – 2007
BASIC POPULATION INFORMATION ON JAFFNA DISTRICT – 2007 Preliminary Report Based on Special Enumeration – 2007 Department of Census and Statistics June 2008 Foreword The Department of Census and Statistics (DCS), carried out a special enumeration in Eastern province and in Jaffna district in Northern province. The objective of this enumeration is to provide the necessary basic information needed to formulate development programmes and relief activities for the people. This preliminary publication for Jaffna district has been compiled from the reports obtained from the District based on summaries prepared by enumerators and supervisors. A final detailed publication will be disseminated after the computer processing of questionnaires. This preliminary release gives some basic information for Jaffna district, such as population by divisional secretary’s division, urban/rural population, sex, age (under 18 years and 18 years and over) and ethnicity. Data on displaced persons due to conflict or tsunami are also included. Some important information which is useful for regional level planning purposes are given by Grama Niladhari Divisions. This enumeration is based on the usual residents of households in the district. These figures should be regarded as provisional. I wish to express my sincere thanks to the staff of the department and all other government officials and others who worked with dedication and diligence for the successful completion of the enumeration. I am also grateful to the general public for extending their fullest co‐operation in this important undertaking. This publication has been prepared by Population Census Division of this Department. D.B.P. Suranjana Vidyaratne Director General of Census and Statistics 6th June 2008 Department of Census and Statistics, 15/12, Maitland Crescent, Colombo 7. -
A Study of Violent Tamil Insurrection in Sri Lanka, 1972-1987
SECESSIONIST GUERRILLAS: A STUDY OF VIOLENT TAMIL INSURRECTION IN SRI LANKA, 1972-1987 by SANTHANAM RAVINDRAN B.A., University Of Peradeniya, 1981 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Department of Political Science We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA February 1988 @ Santhanam Ravindran, 1988 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of Political Science The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date February 29, 1988 DE-6G/81) ABSTRACT In Sri Lanka, the Tamils' demand for a federal state has turned within a quarter of a century into a demand for the independent state of Eelam. Forces of secession set in motion by emerging Sinhala-Buddhist chauvinism and the resultant Tamil nationalism gathered momentum during the 1970s and 1980s which threatened the political integration of the island. Today Indian intervention has temporarily arrested the process of disintegration. But post-October 1987 developments illustrate that the secessionist war is far from over and secession still remains a real possibility. -
Prevalence and Distribution of Parthenium Hysterophorus Weed in Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka
Available online a t www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Annals of Biological Research, 2016, 7 (9):45-48 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0976-1233 CODEN (USA): ABRNBW Prevalence and distribution of Parthenium hysterophorus weed in Jaffna peninsula, Sri Lanka S. Kirshanthan, E. C. Jeyaeelan and J. Nandakumar Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Jaffna _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious weed, which causes significant threat on agriculture, human health and biodiversity in several countries including Sri Lanka. Since the first report in late 90s the weed spreads aggressively in many regions in Northern Sri Lanka. There is an urgent need to eradicate the weed from infested sites and prevent further spreading. With this background, present study aimed to identify the major threaten sites in Jaffna peninsula. People were asked via newspaper article to inform about the sites which infested with P. hysterophorus. Based on their responds four administrative divisions Valikamam, Vadamarachi, Thenmarachi, and Jaffna town were selected for sampling. Altogether 24 sampling sites were selected from above four divisions. Population density of P. hysterophorus was measured in each site by laying 1m quadrate for 20 times. Population density of P. hysterophorus ranged between 16 to 78 plants / m 2 in Jaffna peninsula. Higher infested sites were noticed in Valikamam division and followed by Thenmarachi division (36 plants / m 2). Population density of Parthenium plants was less in Vadamarachi and Jaffna town divisions, about 17-18 plants / m 2. The findings reveal that Valikamam division is in higher risk due to invasion of noxious P. -
Census Codes of Administrative Units Northern Province Sri Lanka Province District DS Division GN Division Name Code Name Code Name Code Name No
Census Codes of Administrative Units Northern Province Sri Lanka Province District DS Division GN Division Name Code Name Code Name Code Name No. Code Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Analaitivu North J/37 005 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Analaitivu South J/38 010 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Eluvaitivu J/39 015 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Paruthiyadaippu J/50 020 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Kayts J/49 025 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Karampon J/51 030 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Karampon East J/52 035 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Naranthanai North West J/56 040 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Naranthanai North J/55 045 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Naranthanai J/57 050 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Naranthanai South J/58 055 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Karampon South East J/53 060 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Karampon West J/54 065 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Puliyankoodal J/60 070 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Island North (Kayts) 03 Suruvil J/59 075 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Karainagar 04 Karainagar North J/46 005 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Karainagar 04 Karainagar North East J/47 010 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Karainagar 04 Karainagar East J/42 015 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Karainagar 04 Karainagar Centre J/48 020 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Karainagar 04 Karainagar North West J/41 025 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Karainagar 04 Karainagar West J/40 030 Northern 4 Jaffna 1 Karainagar -
Humanitarian Operation Factual Analysis July 2006 – May 2009
HUMANITARIAN OPERATION FACTUAL ANALYSIS JULY 2006 – MAY 2009 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA HUMANITARIAN OPERATION FACTUAL ANALYSIS JULY 2006 – MAY 2009 MINISTRY OF DEFENCE JULY 2011 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA Humanitarian Operation—Factual Analysis TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 A. Overview of this Report 1 B. Overview of the Humanitarian Operation 1 PART ONE II. BACKGROUND 4 A. Overview of the LTTE 4 B. LTTE Atrocities against Civilians 6 C. Use of Child Soldiers by the LTTE 10 D. Ethnic Cleansing Carried out by the LTTE 10 E. Attacks on Democracy by the LTTE 11 F. The Global Threat posed by the LTTE 11 G. Proscription of the LTTE 12 III. SIZE AND SCOPE OF THE LTTE 13 A. Potency of the LTTE 13 B. Number of Cadres 14 C. Land Fighting Forces 14 D. The Sea Tiger Wing 17 E. The Air Tiger Wing 20 F. Black Tiger (Suicide) Wing 22 G. Intelligence Wing 22 H. Supply Network 23 I. International Support Mechanisms 25 J. International Criminal Network 27 – iii – Humanitarian Operation—Factual Analysis Page IV. GOVERNMENT EFFORTS FOR A NEGOTIATED SETTLEMENT 28 A. Overview 28 B. The Thimpu Talks – July to August 1985 29 C. The Indo-Lanka Accord – July 1987 30 D. Peace Talks – May 1989 to June 1990 32 E. Peace Talks – October 1994 to April 1995 33 F. Norwegian-Facilitated Peace Process – February 2002 to January 2008 35 G. LTTE Behaviour during 2002–2006 37 PART TWO V. RESUMPTION OF HOSTILITIES 43 VI. THE WANNI OPERATION 52 VII. -
Medical Treatment and Healthcare
Country Policy and Information Note Sri Lanka: Medical treatment and healthcare Version 1.0 July 2020 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) for decision makers handling cases where a person claims that to remove them from the UK would be a breach Articles 3 and / or 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) because of an ongoing health condition. It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of healthcare in Jamaica. Country of origin information The country information in this note has been carefully selected in accordance with the general principles of COI research as set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation’s (ACCORD), Researching Country Origin Information – Training Manual, 2013. Namely, taking into account the COI’s relevance, reliability, accuracy, balance, currency, transparency and traceability. The structure and content of the country information section follows a terms of reference which sets out the general and specific topics relevant to this note. All information included in the note was published or made publicly available on or before the ‘cut-off’ date(s) in the country information section. Any event taking place or report/article published after these date(s) is not included. All information is publicly accessible or can be made publicly available, and is from generally reliable sources. Sources and the information they provide are carefully considered before inclusion. Factors relevant to the assessment of the reliability of sources and information include: • the motivation, purpose, knowledge and experience of the source • how the information was obtained, including specific methodologies used • the currency and detail of information, and • whether the COI is consistent with and/or corroborated by other sources. -
Center for Peace & Reconciliation
CENTER FOR PEACE & RECONCILIATION 08, Grousseault Road Jaffna Sri Lanka Tel / Fax 021 222 8131 E mail: [email protected] Web site: www.peacecentrejaffna.lk STUDENTS COMMUNITY IN NORTH & EAST IS TERRIFIED Parts of Sri Lanka, namely North and East are becoming a deadly place for the students, teachers or education officials. Attacks on education often escape international attention amid the general fighting in conflict-affected countries. However, the number of reported assassinations and intimidation, bombings and burnings of school and academic staff and buildings has risen dramatically in the past three years, reflecting the increasingly bloody nature of local conflicts around Sri Lanka. I strongly suggest that the worst-affected Schools, Colleges, Universities and other academic Institutions that should be safe havens for children, have increasingly become the prime target of attacks by armed parties. The students in the North and East of Sri Lanka are highly at stake. The Government continues not only to be indifferent to establish security measures against the massive death threat mounting on the students community but also it promotes the underworld activities by using its collaborating paramilitary viz. EPDP and Karuna Faction. Systematic suppression of Judiciary and the law enforcement authorities; Geographical set up of Jaffna Peninsula, PTA, Emergency Regulation, Multi-presence of Military, infiltration of LTTE into Government controlled area, activities of the Paramilitary have been hampering the study programme of the students in North and East. This is a part of the package deal of the Government to suppress the study programme of the students in the North and East. In the LTTE controlled area, the students are terrorised by forcible recruitment, intimidation and restriction in freedom of movement and expression. -
Uthuru Mithuru Friendship Railway
Proposal for the North-South Friendship Railway (Not So FaR) Uthuru Mithuru Friendship Railway Amal S. Kumarage 15 th February 2009 Impacts of Terrorism • One of the first casualties of terrorism was the severance of linkages by the terrorists between the north and the south as early as xxxxxxxx. Despite several repairs to track and bridges the line was permanently closed after the xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. The A9 road that connects the Jaffna peninsula and the northern part was also closed after terrorists overran townships along the roadway around xxxx. • With the severance of the once popular land transport linkages, people in the north and in the south were forced to take air transport or sea transport which were always either too expensive or too time consuming, besides been more riskier as well. Gradually linkages between the north and south reduced to a bear minimum and the different communities became strangers. With both rail and roadways fully or partially closed for around two decades, the once close communities became distant and suspect. With nearly one whole generation having ever been to the south or having met each other socially, the terrorist were able to sow seeds of a monstrous enemy and recruit many young fighters for their cause. Pre-requisite for Peace and Development • The restoration of land transport is thus one of the first and necessary pre-requisites for lasting peace between communities. The restoration of the once popular trading linkages, pilgrimages to Kataragama by people in the north and to Naga Deepa by people in the south are essential building blocks for learning to trust each other. -
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka the Project for Development
Ministry of Economic Development Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka The Project for Development Planning for the Rapid Promotion of Reconstruction and Development in Jaffna District Final Report - Appendix - November 2011 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) IC Net Limited Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. EID JR 11-142 The Project for Development Planning for the Rapid Promotion Of Reconstruction and Development in Jaffna District Draft Final Report – Appendixes - Table of Contents Appendix for Chapter 1 Introduction Appendix 1-1 Important Documents and Records on PDP Jaffna (Related with Section 1.10) Appendix 1-2 Procured Equipment by the Project (Related with Section 1.10) Appendix 1-3 The Project in the Press (Press cut) (Related with Section 1.10) Appendix for Chapter 2 Overview of Jaffna Appendix 2-1: Women Rural Development Societies Assessment Report (Related with Section 2.5.2 / 7.2) Appendix 2-2: Summary of Widow’s Society Individual Survey (Related with Section 2.5.3) Appendix 2-3: A Summary of Mahinda Chinthana (Related with Section 2.7 / 2.8) Appendix 2-4: A Summary of Uthuru Vasanthaya (Related with Section 2.7 / 2.8) Appendix 2-5: A Summary of the Northern Province Five Year Investment Plan (Related with Section 2.7 / 2.8) Appendix 2-6: A Summary of Jaffna City Council Plan (Related with Section 2.7 / 2.8) Appendix 2-7: Summaries of Other Plans (Related with Section 2.7 / 2.8) Appendix for Chapter 3 Agriculture Appendix 3-1: Focus Group Discussion Report (Related -
Humanitarian Access and IDP Map As of 15 Nov 2008
IDP information updated as of 30 September 2008 & District : Jaffna Access information updated as of 15 November 2008 79°40'0"E 79°50'0"E 80°0'0"E 80°10'0"E 80°20'0"E 80°30'0"E Area Detail As of 30 September 2008 (IDP movements after 7 April, 2006) Indian Ocean − Number of Displaced Persons : 27,647 Kilometers Families : 7,910 05 10 9°50'0"N Alvai ! ! Valalai ! POINT !PEDRO ! Valvedditturai Tondaimanar ! Kankesanturai! ! Persons: 779 Keerimalai w Families:! 269 Puloli! Nelliadi Katkovalam Ilavalai TELLIPALAI ! ! Legend ! Karanavai l Kallikai SANDILIPAY Persons: 108 ! Families: 33 ! Vasavilan KARAVEDDY Decreased Number of Access Details Persons: 762 ! Displaced Persons Tellippalai Achchuveli ! Chulipuram Families:! 203 ! Persons: 2,659 ! ! Tunnalai Karaveddi ! Increased Number of Restricted Access Pandattarippu Mallakam Families: 771 Manalkadu ! Displaced Persons KOPAY Partial Access CHANKANAI! ! Persons: 1,181 Varani Stable Number of KARAINAGAR ! Persons: 523 UDUVIL ! Families: 377 Displaced Persons Full Access ! Antanantidal ! Kudattanai Families: 181 Persons: 492 Chunnakam Puttur ! ! Town Thankodai! ! Karainagar Families: 150 ! ! Vaddukkoddai ! Uduvil Airport ! Nirveli Idaikkuruchchi ! Ampan l Manipay Inuvil ! Kalapoomy ! ! Urumpirai ! CHAVAKACHCHERI w Port ! Arali Kondavil Madduvil ! Ferry KAYTS! ! ! Persons: 11,961 Navatkadu Nakarkoyil t ! Paratitivu Karampan w NALLUR ! Families: 3,451 ! Persons: 1,189 Ferry/Boat line ! u ! Sarasalai Families: 395 ! u ! Ferry/Boat Line (Not in Service) KAYTS ! Kaitadi Kudarappu u Nallur Kodikamam -
Managing Group Grievances and Internal Conflict: Sri Lanka Country Report
Working Paper Series Working Paper 13 Managing Group Grievances and Internal Conflict: Sri Lanka Country Report G.H. Peiris and K.M. de Silva Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Conflict Research Unit June 2003 Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague Phonenumber: # 31-70-3245384 Telefax: # 31-70-3282002 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/cru © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyrightholders. Clingendael Institute, P.O. Box 93080, 2509 AB The Hague, The Netherlands. Foreword This paper has been written within the framework of the research project ‘Managing Group Grievances and Internal Conflict’*, executed at the request of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The project focuses on the process of, and motives for, (violent) group mobilisation and aims at the development of an analytical tool to assist policy-makers in designing conflict-sensitive development activities. In the course of the project, a preliminary assessment tool has been developed in cooperation with Dr. Michael Lund, and discussed with the researchers who carried out the assessment in four country cases: Ghana, Mozambique, Nicaragua and Sri Lanka. On the basis of this testing phase, the tool has been substantially amended and refined**. The present report, which was finalized in September 2002, results from the testing phase and reflects the structure of the analytical tool in its original form.