Annals of R.S.C.B., ISSN:1583-6258, Vol. 25, Issue 6, 2021, Pages. 16418 - 16427 Received 25 April 2021; Accepted 08 May 2021.

The Four Powers Integrating for Enhancing the Communities’ Potential to Drive the Economy Foundation of ,

Boonpeng Sittivongsa1, Kanokon Boonmee2, Sanya Kenaphoom3*

1Northeastern University [email protected] 2Northeastern University, Thailand [email protected] 3Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Thailand *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The four powers integrating into driving or upgrading the fundamental economy in Thailand, which is very important in the work of communities or agencies that need to be very aware of the success that needs to be integrated into Work management collaboration. This is to enhance the capacity of the community to drive the country's fundamental economics, which is necessary to be efficient using the four powers principle as follows: C̄ hạntha (satisfaction), Wiriya (perseverance), Citta (initiative), and Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate) for the performance of duties both to achieve the goals of the agency that has been set. However, the four powers integrating quality requires a human resource development approach. Therefore, this research has the following objectives: (1) To explore the four powers integrating to enhance community capacity to drive the foundation economy. (2) To analyze the factors influencing the four powers integrating to enhance community capacity to drive the foundation economy. (3) To study the development guidelines for the four powers integrating to enhance community potential to drive the foundation economy. This research was conducted in the UdonThani area and used a mixed research method, questionnaires were conducted with a sample of 400 people, and 10 people were interviewed. Quantitative data using narrative statistics and multiple regression analysis. Data from in-depth seminars using content analysis methods, the results showed that; 1. The general condition of the four powers integrating context to enhance the community's potential to drive the overall economy of UdonThani Province in all aspects was found to be at a moderate level ( X=3.05, S.D.=.38).Considered in descending order as follows: Citta (initiative) ( =3.08, S.D=.17), Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate) ( =3.07, S.D=.51),Wiriya (perseverance) ( =3.04, S.D=.51, and C̄ hạntha (satisfaction) ( =3.04, S.D=.31) respectively. 2. Factors influencing the four powers integrating to enhance community potential to drive the overall economy of UdonThani Province in all aspects are: the community leadership roles and the community participation,the predictor coefficients in raw scores (b) were 0.320 and 0.228, respectively. 3. The development guidelines for the four powers integrating to enhance community potential to drive the foundation economy found that; 3.1 C̄ hạntha (satisfaction): It is necessary to use the principle of public satisfaction in collecting information and important problems by participating in the preparation of work plans, vision and the main mission of community potential development, setting goals for community potential development and upgrading the community following the master plan , as well as monitoring and evaluating the four powers integrating C̄ h ạntha (satisfaction) with validity and interest in community-driven fundamental economies.

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3.1 Wiriya (perseverance): Perseverance is needed to assess the situation before implementing the plans and projects following the established procedures and implementing the commitment and projects promptly of the integrated community the four powers principle Wiriya (perseverance) achieve project objectives and allow people to participate in the project to their full potential. In addition, public relations must be made for the public to receive information and share their opinions on raising the foundation economy seriously. 3.3 Citta (initiative): Initiatives are needed to link the project drives, including evaluating each activity for a specified timeframe and goals, by allowing the public to participate in the monitoring. Plans and projects. In particular, monitoring the budget, always reporting on the performance, bringing the results of upgrading the community to drive the basic economy to improve and develop following the behavior of the community as a whole, based on the benefits of the community and the public as a priority. 3.4 Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate): Consideration is needed to apply the results of the community problem-solving project to meet the community's needs by publicizing the performance, listening to opinions and criticism from the community, analyzing community potential. As well as seeking appropriate strategies to improve integration, raising the potential of the community thoroughly. KEYWORDS:Integration, Four Powers, Potential, Community

INTRODUCTION Thailand today has greatly reduced the credibility of the government administration system, especially the economic downturn due to the shutdown of the business sector, the slowdown in international trade, as a result of the Covid-19 situation that is spreading around the world. Another important problem is that the policy formulation of the country's development, the successful national development policy or strategy must be formulated according to the problems and needs of the people in the country or the context and community needs. A national economic system development strategy or a national economic and social development plan that usually focuses on leapfrog economic growth on the basis that combines capitalism and its role with the development approach leading to modernity. This is very necessary to rely on the development of Western peoples because Western peoples have developed materialism and the norm of society is a systematic community that facilitates the process of accumulating capital in large production, dependence. technology, knowledge, and experienced personnel (ChattipNatsupa, 2005: 182). The process of driving the development of the basic economy according to the Civil State guidelines is a policy following the Civil State guidelines that the government has established in 12 policies that have been implemented to reduce the edge and have the goal of building a strong community economy, happy people, Have more income. This is considered a process of managing collaboration between the public sector, the private sector, academia, civil society, and the people. The basic economy is a community economy that indicates that the community is self-reliant under the philosophy of sufficiency economy with mutual assistance in the community. In particular, morality and an economic system that results in facilitating other developments in the area, including the economy, society, people, community, culture, and natural resource environment, which will result in the community having stronger. Throughout, there is a grouping in a networked linkage mechanism that indicates joint activities for activities in both the economic and social environment. This will lead to better problem solving and meeting the needs of the community, such as community flood management, community planning, drought management, community economic management, textile processing management that can answer the plaintiff's problems covering all areas and integration into a community plan that can be linked with network partners, including the

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Sub- Development Plan, the District Development Plan, the Provincial Development Plan, and the integration of community businesses and community occupations (PhraBoonpengSittivongsa, YositaLuangsurin, AmonrutPatlnyavlboon, and KanokonBoonmee, 2017: 2459). As a result of the economic development of the country, society has become more materialistic, but it also has a negative impact on the way of life of the people in the community. That is, family members have less time for each other. There is a gap in family relationships between parents and children. Moreover, the camaraderie turns out to be a gap that has a high impact on social lifestyle changes that have a lot of problems to be solved. Therefore, it is very necessary to apply Buddhist doctrines that will reduce the work and way of life of people in society: Itthibaht 4 (the four powers principle) consists of four principles, it is a teaching that focuses on performance, based on the success that emphasizes the success of the performance of work, enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of work and the virtues that lead to the achievement of the intended result, consisting of C̄ hạntha (satisfaction), Wiriya (perseverance), Citta (initiative), and Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate). If the four powers principle is applied in the integration of everyday life and life, the fundamental economic development will lead to sustainable efficient operations (PhraBrahmakunaphorn (P.A. Payutto),2007: 87). Based on the aforementioned problems, roles and duties in the four powers integrating for upgrading the potential of communities to drive the economic foundation of UdonThani Province. That is the motivation for the researcher to study the four powers integrating, which is a virtue that encourages communities in UdonThani to drive the basic economy efficiently and achieve the goals of reducing the gap between households and community lifestyles , namely: C̄ hạntha (satisfaction), Wiriya (perseverance), Citta (initiative)and Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate). The study of development guidelines for the four powers integrating to raise the potential of the community to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani province will be able to make the community unity in the household, both effectively generating income in the community and reducing the gap between the households ( SriruenKaewkangwan,2010: 157). Therefore, the researcher would like to study how the four powers integrating to enhance the community's potential to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province, and to have a strong determination to integrate the principles of power to successfully drive the foundation economy, which How will the research results benefit the community? It also raises research questions on what factors are involved and how to develop the four powers integrating to enhance community capacity to drive the underlying economy. How will such integration be consistent with the four powers principle in Buddhism? Therefore, it is an important issue to study on “the four powers integrating to enhance community potential to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province, Thailand”. And this research will be used to develop the use of integration, upgrading the potential of the community to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province and other provincial communities in the future. OBJECTIVES 1. To explore the four powers integrating to raise the potential of the community to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province. 2. To analyze the factors influencing the four powers integrating to raise the potential of the community to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province. 3. To study the development guidelines for the four powers integrating to enhance community potential to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province.

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BENEFITS RECEIVED FROM THE RESEARCH 1. Know the context at the four powers integrating level to raise the potential of the community to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani province. 2. Know the factors that influence the four powers integrating to raise the potential of the community to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani province. 3. Know how to develop the four powers integrating to raise the potential of the community to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani province. 4. The results of this research can be used to develop the four powers integrating to enhance the capacity of communities to drive the economy of the Northeast and other regions. METHODOLOGY The sample: was Voting populations in UdonThani province obtained by stratified random sampling were sampled from a large population with differences between random units that could be classified into stratified by stratification to provide complete informationand calculate the number of samples according to the Taro Yamane formula (Yamane, 1973: 142) as 400 people who have the right to vote in UdonThani province (KanlayaVanichbuncha,2003: 152). Key informants by interview were selected from a specific sample, considering their ability to provide knowledge and experience, divided into 10 groups of 10 people, namely: (1) Ban Um Chan Weaving Group, Um Chan Subdistrict, Prachaksinlapakhom District. (2). Ban KhokKlang Weaving Group, Na MuangSubdistrict, Prachaksinlapakhom District. (3) Ban Chiang Krom Weaving Group, Na Muang Sub-district, Prachaksinlapakhom District. (4) Mudmee Dye Indigo Weaving Group, UmchanSubdistrict, Prachaksinlapakhom District. (5) Reed Mat Weaving Group at Ban Thung Yang, PhonNgam Subdistrict, . (6) MudmeeKhit Cloth Group, Chiang WaeSubdistrict, AmphoeKumphawapi. (7) Community Enterprise Network, Mudmee Weaving Group, Chiang Phin Sub-district, Chiang Phin Sub-district, District. (8) Community Enterprise, Ban Tha Tum Housewives Farmers Group, Moo Mon Subdistrict, Mueang District. (9) Ban Chiang Wae Eco-Friendly Homestay Community Enterprise, Chiang Wae Sub-district, . (10) P&P Thai Herb Community Enterprise, MakKhaeng Road, MakKhaengSubdistrict, Mueang District. The research tools include (1) Questionnaire: It is a questionnaire about the four powers integrating, and the factors influencing the four powers integrating to raise the potential of the community to drive the foundation economy. (2) Interview: The researcher coordinated the request for permission from the respondents by telephone and traveled on the appointed date and time, before the interview, the researcher introduced himself, familiarized the researcher with the interviewee, informed the purpose of the interview, and conducted an interview with 10 people Data analysis: (1) Quantitative data uses statistical software packages for social science research including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis.(2) Analysis of data from interviews: Systematic analysis and synthesis of the four powers integrating development guidelines were conducted to enhance community potential to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani province. RESULTS 1. The four powers integrating to enhance community potential to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province as the following table;

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Table 1 the four powers integrating to enhance community potential to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province The four powers integrating to enhance community capacity S.D. Mean to drive the foundation economy X C̄ hạntha (satisfaction) 3.04 .31 moderate Wiriya (perseverance) 3.04 .51 moderate Citta (initiative) 3.08 17 moderate Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate) 3.07 .51 moderate Total 3.05 .38 moderate From Table 1, the four powers integrating to enhance the community's potential to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province in all aspects, it is at a moderate level ( =3.05, S.D.=.38). Considered in descending order as follows: Citta (initiative) ( =3.08, S.D.=.17), Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate) ( =3.07, S.D.=.51), Wiriya (perseverance) ( =3.04, S.D.=.51), and C̄ hạntha (satisfaction) ( =3.04, S.D.=.31) respectively. 2. Factors influencing the four powers integrating to enhance community potential to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province as the following table; Table 2 Factors influencing the four powers integrating to enhance community potential to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani Province, analyzed by Multiple Regression analysis. Selected Variable P- Collinearity Statistics B S.E. Beta t Sequence value Tolerance VIF Constant 3.111 .959 3.245 .001* 1.226 4.997 Community .228 .113 .105 2.025 .004* .007 .450 participation Community .320 .028 .597 11.522 .000* .265 .374 leadership roles Help from a network .442 .199 .524 2.217 .073 .050 .833 of partners Government support .184 .170 .244 1.080 .281 -.151 .519 Local role -.527 .314 -.242 -1.676 .095 -1.144 .091 Private role -.117 .075 -.219 -1.571 .117 -.264 .029 SEest = .33460 R = .610; R2= .572; Adj. R2 = .354; F = 354.986; p-value =.001 * Statistically significant at the .05 level. From Table 2, it was found that the factors influencing the four powers integrating to enhance the community potential driven the foundation economy in UdonThani province as a whole were found that the community leadership roles, and the community participation, had predictive coefficients in raw scores (b) equal to 0.320 and 0.228, respectively. The factors that influenced the four powers integrating to raise the capacity of the community to drive the basic economy at a statistically insignificant level of 0.05 were Help from a network of partners, government support, local role, Private role. However, all the variables together predicted the factors that influence the four powers integrating to raise the potential of the community driving the foundation economy in UdonThani province equal to 35.4%, the discrepancy is equal to .33460 (F = 354.986; p- value =0.01)

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3. The development guidelines for the four powers integrating to raise the potential of communities to drive the foundation economy in UdonThani province found that; 3.1 Wiriya (perseverance): Perseverance is needed to assess the situation before implementing the plans and projects following the established procedures and implementing the commitment and projects promptly of the integrated community the four powers principle Wiriya (perseverance) achieve project objectives and allow people to participate in the project to their full potential. In addition, public relations must be made for the public to receive information and share their opinions on raising the foundation economy seriously. 3.3 Citta (initiative): Initiatives are needed to link the project drives, including evaluating each activity for a specified timeframe and goals, by allowing the public to participate in the monitoring. Plans and projects. In particular, monitoring the budget, always reporting on the performance, bringing the results of upgrading the community to drive the basic economy to improve and develop following the behavior of the community as a whole, based on the benefits of the community and the public as a priority. 3.4 Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate): Consideration is needed to apply the results of the community problem-solving project to meet the community's needs by publicizing the performance, listening to opinions and criticism from the community, analyzing community potential. As well as seeking appropriate strategies to improve integration, raising the potential of the community thoroughly. DISCUSSIONS The general condition of the four powers integrating context to enhance the community's potential to drive the overall economy of UdonThani Province in all aspects was moderate ( X =3.05, S.D.=.38). Consider them in descending order as follows: Citta (initiative) ( =3.08, S.D.=.17), Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate) ( =3.07, S.D.=.51), Wiriya (perseverance) ( =3.04, S.D.=.51), and C̄ h ạntha (satisfaction) ( =3.04, S.D.=.31) respectively. The results of this research, which are inconsistent with the research of NiponOpasee, (2014) Administration according to the four powers principle of the Provincial Administrative Organization, HuaiNuea Sub-district, Nong Bua District Nakhon Sawan Province, the results showed that (1) People's opinions towards the administration according to the four powers principle of HuaiTuaNueaSubdistrict Administrative Organization, Nong Bua District, Nakhon Sawan Province, overall are at a high level (average is 3. 43). When considering the details of each aspect, namely C̄ hạntha (satisfaction), Wiriya (perseverance), Citta (initiative), and Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate), it was found that people have opinions on the administration according to the four powers principle of HuaiTuaNueaSubdistrict Administrative Organization, Nong Bua District, Nakhon Sawan Province at a high level in all aspects. (2) Comparison of public opinion towards the administration according to the four powers principle of HuaiTuaNueaSubdistrict Administrative Organization, Nong Bua District, Nakhon Sawan Province by personal factors, found that people with different gender, age, education level, occupation, and income. The sample group had no different opinions on the administration according to the four powers principle of HuaiTuaNueaSubdistrict Administrative Organization, Nong Bua District, NakhonSawan Province, which rejected the hypothesis. (3) Problems, obstacles, and suggestions about the administration according to the four powers principle of HuaiTuaNueaSubdistrict Administrative Organization, Nong Bua District, Nakhon Sawan Province were found most of them are caused by executives of organizations who use unilateral decision-making powers and do not bring information about local problems to create databases to prepare plans and lack of public participation. It was found that the significance of the factor variables influencing the four powers integrating to enhance the community potential driven the foundation economy in UdonThani

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province as a whole was found that the community leadership roles, the community participation The predictive coefficients in raw scores (b) were 0.320 and 0.228, respectively, consistent with the research of Boonton Dockthaisong, SuriyaRaksamueng and PravejMaharattanasakul, (2017) study the integration of Buddhism for use in government administration in depth in higher education of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University, to prepare for the ASEAN community: (1) Found 9 Buddhist principles for government administration, namely (A) Buddhist administration with ideological goals, (B) Buddhist organization is the principle of working together, (C) Buddhist planning based on the Noble Truth, (D) Buddhist proficiency, empowering people with talent, (E) Buddhist conflict management, (F) Buddhist service using the 4 Sangahavattha principles, (G) Buddhist ethics, good governance, (H)Buddhasappaya is in reformation, and (I) Buddhist Achievement: Peace and Peace. (2) Factors affecting integration were found: assessment of the need for higher education according to the new public administration curriculum, integration of Buddhist principles and principles of public administration, presentation of government administration principles and processes, design Public Administration Courses, and Buddhist principles applied to the field of Public Administration It can be used to forecast the integration of Buddhism for use in government administration in depth in higher education of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University in preparation for entering the ASEAN community at a statistically significant level that 0.05 with an adjusted decision coefficient (R2) equal to 42.10 percent. (3) The principles of integrated public administration include principles of Dharma practice, principles of human capital management, principles of human resource development, principles of knowledge management, principles of policy science, principles of innovation management, principles of environmental management, principles of mental balance prevention, and principles of global governance. 1. C̄ hạntha (satisfaction): It is necessary to use the principle of satisfaction in collecting information and important problems of the locality, people participate in the preparation of plans, duties, determine the vision and main mission of community potential development, set goals for sustainable development , potential development. communities and elevate them in line with the plan by defining a model for monitoring and evaluating the four powers integrating : C̄ hạntha (satisfaction) in fair performance and interest in community-driven fundamental economies in accordance with research of Boonton Dockthaisong, SuriyaRaksamueng and PravejMaharattanasakul, (2017) The integration of Buddhism for use in government administration in depth in higher education of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University to prepare for the ASEAN Community, the results showed that the factors affecting the integration included the assessment of the need for higher education according to the new public administration curriculum, the integration of Buddhist principles and the principles of public administration, presentation on principles and processes of public administration, curricula design in public administration, and Buddhist principles applied in the field of public administration can be used to predict the integration of Buddhism to be used in deep public administration in higher education of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University to prepare for the community. ASEAN achieved a statistically significant level of 0.05 with an adjusted decision coefficient (R2) of 42.10%. 2. Wiriya (perseverance): Perseverance is needed to assess the situation before implementing plans and projects in accordance with the established procedures and with commitment and the project in a timely manner integrating the four powers principle Wiriya (perseverance) in the implementation of the plan with perseverance to achieve the project objectives, enabling people to participate in the project to their full capacity, publicize the information to the public with a determination to allow the public to express

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their opinions on raising the foundation economy, using discretion in the operation, which is consistent with the research of SirisakNantee(2015) study the integration of human resource development according to Western theory with Buddhist principles, the results of the research revealed that human resource development according to Western theory refers to the process in which executives focus on human resource development within the organization to the fullest potential, enabling the organization to achieve its goals in selecting good and knowledgeable people. Work and human resource development according to Western theory takes place by combining the three main theories of economic theory, system theory and psychology theory, there are methods of human resource development through training, education and development. The Buddhist principles of human resource development consist of roles, Processes, Forms, and human resource development according to the Threefold Principles, which are considered the principles of complete practice comprising precepts, concentration, and wisdom, are bounded by the Eightfold Path, with the achievement or indicator of the Fourfold Path. 3. Citta (initiative): It is necessary to use the initiative principle in linking the project, there is an evaluation of the project, the implementation of each activity for a specified period of time, monitoring of the implementation. People in the community participate in monitoring and evaluating work plans and projects in monitoring the operating budget, regularly report on the performance, apply the results of upgrading the community to drive the underlying economy to improve and develop the four powers integrating Citta (initiative) in accordance with the behavior of the community as a whole, based on the interests of the community and the public as a priority, which is inconsistent with the research of ChaiyanSurbkrapan(2014) A study of the integration of Buddhist ethics in the lifestyle of Thai people in today's society found that the lifestyle of Thai people in today's society is different from Thai people in the past due to many factors such as the communication technology to keep up with the fast-moving globalization, these things continue to create prosperity for Thai people in material things, but they also create a decline in the mind which causes many ethical problems in the life of Thai people in today's society in all occupations. Buddhist ethics in life can be divided into 3 stages: (1) Buddhist ethics at the elementary level, namely the principles of the Benchasila and the Benchamadhamma. (2) Intermediate level of Buddhist ethics includes the 8 precepts and the 10 merit-making practices. And (3) the high level of Buddhist ethics, namely the Path with the Buddha 8. As for the integration of Buddhist ethics in the life of Thai people. Today's society can be achieved by incorporating first-level Buddhist ethics into the lifestyles of the general public, including students, teachers, teachers, civil servants, businessmen, and politicians. Bringing the middle-level Buddhist ethics principles to integrate with the lifestyle of the group of dharma practitioners such as nuns and laymen- Upasikas. Bring high-level Buddhist ethics principles to integrate with the life of monks, including monks and novices. New knowledge about the model of integrating Buddhist ethics in the life of Thai people in today's society such as the “FEE Model” and the FEE Model. This is the principle resulting from the integration of Buddhist ethics following the lifestyle of Thai people in today's society, in all occupations when integrated, can solve various problems that arise in the lifestyle of Thai people in society. the present to be sparse and eventually disappear. 4. Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate):It is necessary to apply the principles of reflection in the implementation of the community problem-solving project, that can meet the needs of the community, people participate, publicize the results, with a keen eye for comments and criticism from the community over the past year to develop upgrading capabilities, appropriate ways have been thought of and implemented to improve the integration of the

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four powers principle Wimạngs̄ ā (contemplate) in the comprehensive enhancement of community capacity, which is consistent with the research of ToungpetchSomsri, (2013) Methods for the ethical development of police officers with an integrated Buddhist approach were found as methods for the ethical development of police officials. However, in every method, problems and obstacles have been found that prevent the development from being successful. Therefore, it is proposed that the Buddhist principle be applied to integrate the ethical development of police officers to be based on moral ethics in mind. This will create a sustainable good image for the organization, a method of the ethical development of police officers with a Buddhist integration, which is important for the development of police officers' ethics and is very beneficial to the Royal Thai Police at present. Make the development of ethics of police officers to be effective, valuable, beneficial to the public, and able to coexist peacefully in society. RECOMMENDATIONS Policy recommendations 1. Adopting a well-structured model with the four powers integrating to enhance community capacity to drive an efficient integrated foundation economy. 2. Incorporating factors affecting the four powers integrating to enhance the capacity of the community to drive the underlying economy, should focus on the participation drives of organizations to promote the application of both efficiency and effectiveness that benefit the public. 3. Presenting the four powers integrating guidelines to enhance the capacity of community- driven infrastructure, which involves the methodical application of both network partners and the public sector and their effective approach to society. Practice recommendation 1. Community participation to raise the potential of the community, drive the economy of the foundation and use the information acquired to seriously improve the management system. 2. The role of community leader, must be carried out regularly to instill and create awareness in management to meet the needs. 3. With assistance from network partners, the four powers integrating should be planned, beginning with a change in personnel behavior for maximum operational efficiency. 4. In the field of government support, the efficiency of the management system should be developed to facilitate the effective performance of duties. 5. In terms of local roles, community potential should be upgraded to drive modern economic foundations following the local conditions with quality. 6. The role of the private sector, should create knowledge and understanding for personnel in the organization regularly. Further research recommendation 1. Research studies on the four powers integration should be carried out by modifying the research area to be wider and larger. 2. Should conduct a qualitative research study using other Buddhist principles to know the opinions of the people 3. Should study the results after applying the principle of Influence 4 to raise the potential of the community to drive the foundation economy more concretely.

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