Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, ,

An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

for the

by Heather Hopkins

Thames Valley Archaeological

Services Ltd

Site Code SGS 09/22

April 2009 Summary

Site name: Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Wokingham, Berks

Grid reference: SU 7260 6837

Site activity: Desk-based assessment

Project manager: Steve Ford

Site supervisor: Heather Hopkins

Site code: SGS 09/22

Area of site: c. 9ha

Summary of results: The site lies on a geological outcrop (London Clay) not usually regarded as being of high archaeological potential. It is, however, a large parcel of land and recent survey work in the environs has revealed a modest range of archaeological finds and sites. The site lies adjacent to the historic core of Shinfield and also contains an earthwork recorded as being that of a (medieval) moat, usually considered to be a manorial site or hunting lodge complex. Identification as a moat is not confirmed and it is possible that the feature is simply a clay extraction pit. It will be necessary to provide further information about the potential of the site from field evaluation (trial trenching) in order to draw up a scheme to mitigate the impact of development on any archaeological deposits if necessary. Any mitigation required could involve preservation in-situ by sympathetic landscape design, for example by the inclusion of zones of interest as areas of public open space or nature conservation.

This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder

Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford9 07.04.09 Steve Preston9 07.04.09

Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment

by Heather Hopkins

Report 09/22 Introduction

This desk-based study is an assessment of the archaeological potential of land located at Shinfield Glebe, Church

Lane, Shinfield, Wokingham, Berkshire (SU 7260 6837) (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Ms Jo

Emmett of Hives Planning, 46 Queen’s Road, Reading, RG1 4AU, on behalf of the Oxford Diocesean Board of

Finance, and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by redevelopment of the area. The purpose of the assessment is to inform an initial evaluation of the potential of the site for residential development.

Site description, location and geology

The site lies immediately to the west of the historic core of Shinfield that includes the parish church. The site currently consists of five fields used for pasturing horses, separated by hedges. A ‘moat’ is present on the southern boundary of the site and currently consists of at least one water-filled sunken pit in a wooded area. The site is bordered to the north-west and north-east by lanes, to the east by Church Lane Farm and to the south-east by a modern housing development. The development area is centred on SU 7260 6837. The site is located on

London Clay (BGS 1946). It is at a height of approximately 50 m above Ordnance Datum and slopes gently to the north west. Topographically the site lies on the eastern valley side of the Foudry Brook which drains into the

Kennet to the north. The site covers approximately 9ha.

Planning background and development proposals

The potential of the site for residential development is being considered. It is estimated that that 200-250 dwellings may be accommodated on the site; however the number of dwellings and their location would be partly informed by this archaeological assessment of the site.

Archaeology and Planning (PPG 16 1990) provides guidance relating to archaeology within the planning process. It points out that where a desk-based assessment has shown that there is a strong possibility of significant archaeological deposits in a development area it is reasonable to provide more detailed information from a field evaluation so that an appropriate strategy to mitigate the effects of development on archaeology can be devised:

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Paragraph 21 states:

‘Where early discussions with local planning authorities or the developer’s own research indicate

that important archaeological remains may exist, it is reasonable for the planning authority to

request the prospective developer to arrange for an archaeological field evaluation to be carried

out...’

Should the presence of archaeological deposits be confirmed further guidance is provided. Archaeology and

Planning stresses preservation in situ of archaeological deposits as a first consideration as in paragraphs 8 and

18.

Paragraph 8 states:

‘...Where nationally important archaeological remains, whether scheduled or not, and their

settings, are affected by proposed development there should be a presumption in favour of their

physical preservation...’

Paragraph 18 states:

‘The desirability of preserving an ancient monument and its setting is a material consideration in

determining planning applications whether that monument is scheduled or unscheduled...’

However, for archaeological deposits that are not of such significance it is appropriate for them to be ‘preserved by record’ (i.e., fully excavated and recorded by a competent archaeological contractor) prior to their destruction or damage.

Paragraph 25 states:

‘Where planning authorities decide that the physical preservation in situ of archaeological remains

is not justified in the circumstances of the development and that development resulting in the

destruction of the archaeological remains should proceed, it would be entirely reasonable for the

planning authority to satisfy itself ... that the developer has made appropriate and satisfactory

provision for the excavation and recording of remains.’

The proposals map of Wokingham District Local Plan 2004 shows the site to be located close to, but not within, a site with high archaeological potential.

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Wokingham District Local Plan 2004 states:

POLICY WHE10: development affecting archaeological sites

Where development is likely to affect an area of high archaeological potential as shown on the

proposals map, or any other area known or likely to contain archaeological remains, an

appropriate evaluation will be required prior to the determination of a planning application. In the

absence of sufficient information on the extent and importance of archaeological remains,

planning permission will be refused.

POLICY WHE12: development affecting sites of archaeological potential

Development proposals that would affect a site of archaeological potential will be expected to

include appropriate measures for the protection of remains. Important remains should be preserved

in situ. However, where this is not merited or where there are other overriding considerations,

satisfactory provision will be made for the excavation and recording of remains and the

publication of results.

Policies WHE 10 and WHE 12 were ‘saved’ by the Secretary of State on September 24th 2007 and remain part of the Development Plan to be used in the determination of planning applications.

Methodology

The assessment of the site was carried out by the examination of pre-existing information from a number of sources recommended by the Institute of Field Archaeologists paper ‘Standards in British Archaeology’ covering desk-based studies. These sources include historic and modern maps, the Berkshire Historic

Environment Record, geological maps and any relevant publications or reports.

Archaeological background

General background

The site lies between two river systems (The Loddon and the Foudry Brook/Kennet) which, due primarily to the use of aerial photography to discover sites, are considered to be archaeologically rich (Gates 1975) though the

London Clay on which the site lies is not usually conducive to the formation of cropmarks or parchmarks. More recent development-led archaeological investigations, such as at Green Park and Reading Business Park to the north-west have revealed extensive prehistoric and Roman settlement and landscape features (Moore and

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Jennings 1992; Brossler 2004) with similar results for smaller scale investigations (e.g., Hindmarch 2003; Taylor

2001). The environs of the site has also been subject to fieldwalking survey, that is the recovery of artefacts from the surface of arable fields as an indication of the presence of buried archaeological sites (Ford 1994-7). The site itself though, was not available for this particular study. This survey, in general, revealed a surprisingly large number of sites and finds of various dates, though with rather less evidence coming from the non-gravel geological outcrops, such as where the site is located. Nevertheless earlier prehistoric, Roman and medieval finds and sites are now recorded for the environs of the site.

Berkshire Historic Environment Record

A search was made on the Berkshire Historic Environment Record (HER) on 19th March 2009 for a radius of

750m around the proposal site. This revealed 72 entries within the search radius. The significance of each entry is highly variable and can range from the findspot of a single artefact to that of an extensive, multi-period settlement complex. The entries are summarized as Appendix 1 and their locations are plotted on Figure 1.

Palaeolithic A single find relating to this period is reported and which comprises a handaxe dating to the lower Palaeolithic

[Fig. 1: 1].

Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age

The Loddon Valley Survey (Ford 1994-7) is responsible for many of the entries in the HER for the environs of the site. One marked cluster of Neolithic and Bronze Age flintwork was recorded on the south-eastern margins of the study radius [2] with a lesser cluster to the south [4]. Individual finds of prehistoric struck flint are also documented [3, 5–17]. A few sherds of Bronze Age pottery were found during a small excavation to the south east along with a small number of Iron Age pits and gullies [3].

Roman Several small scale interventions in the area have produced intermittent evidence for Roman occupation. Roman ditches were discovered during an evaluation and excavation at Hollow Lane [3], and a ditch also during an evaluation further to the north, both in Shinfield [19]. To the south another evaluation found late Iron Age/ early

Roman pottery and cut features, on the south east side of Shinfield in an area of known cropmarks [20]. A rim sherd of a cooking pot dating to the 3rd-4th centuries AD was discovered during construction of a garage on

Church Lane [17], and the Loddon Valley Survey has also recovered stray finds of Roman pottery [12, 18, 21].

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Medieval The HER contains a general entry for Shinfield, first recorded as Selingefelle in Domesday Book in AD1086

[22]. The parish church of St Mary the Virgin, within the village [36] was originally built in the 12th century and rebuilt in the 14th century and again extensively remodelled in 1857. It is Grade I listed. The Loddon Valley

Survey revealed stray finds of medieval pottery [12, 23–30], but also a dense cluster along with early post- medieval pottery on the eastern side of Church Lane [29], adjacent to the site (on the opposite side of the lane).

The presence of this site in this location has been taken to indicate that the road network is also of late medieval origin (Ford 1994-7). Further medieval pottery was discovered during an evaluation well to the south-east [20].

A ‘moated’ site is present on the site itself and was depicted on the tithe map of 1838 (Fig. 4) [41]. If this interpretation is correct, the site may be important as representing a manor or hunting lodge complex, and may be associated with ancillary occupation deposits. There is though, a possibility that the moat is the remains of a post-medieval clay pit (there is a description in the Glebe terrier of c. 1680 of three pits located together in the vicinity of the church which were excavated to provide bricks to build the church tower).

Post medieval Various post-medieval features were discovered during an evaluation on the south side of Shinfield [20]. A dense pottery cluster found by the Loddon Valley Survey also included post-medieval pottery [29]. Evaluation at

Church Farm revealed the remains of a 19th century-pond [31] and the foundations of 17th-century Shinfield

Grove and its approaching drive were investigated at the Black Boy roundabout junction [32]. During an evaluation at Lane End Farm on Cutbush Lane, only 19th- and 20th-century finds were discovered [33] and evaluation at Church Lane revealed boundary ditches of 18th-19th century date, believed to have been associated with the original manor house [35]. Mays Farm farmhouse is shown on the Ordnance Survey First Edition map

[42]. Church Lane is a historic road shown on a map of the church and surroundings from c. 1680 [43]. A number of Shinfield’s buildings are of earlier post-medieval origins and several are listed [36–40]. None of these is on the site or especially close to it.

Modern, undated, negative Three undated gullies, a pit postholes and a cremation burial were discovered during an excavation at Hollow

Lane [3]. A possible rectangular enclosure at was identified through aerial photographs with geophysical survey showed a right-angled feature. A second feature was identified that correlates with aerial photographs of the site. Both of these features are of unknown date [18]. Pottery sherds of an unknown date were also discovered as part of the Loddon Valley Survey [17, 18, 21, 30]. Evaluation at Church Farm revealed undated ditches [31]. A magnetic susceptibility survey covering four sites identified two areas of possible

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archaeological interest and four more thought to merit further investigation, well to the east of the area of interest here [44]. Cropmarks at High Copse Farm are of unknown date [45].

Geophysical surveys at Shinfield Court, Nullis Farm and in advance of Shinfield by-pass and at Ryeish

Green [46, 48], watching brief at Hollow Lane [47] and evaluation at Hyde End Road [6] revealed nothing of archaeological interest.

There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments in the vicinity of the site.

Cartographic and documentary sources

Shinfield is an Old English (Anglo-Saxon) placename, although it is not recorded before Domesday Book of

1086. It derives straightforwardly from the elements *Sciene, (a man’s name, not recorded except in this place name), -ingas (followers of, people of) and feld (field, open land), and means, simply, ‘the field of Sciene’s people’ (Mills 1998, 310). The ‘feld’ element of the place name is widely regarded as an indicator of relatively early settlement (Cameron 1996, 207), and it has been thought to imply ‘open space previously pasture’, as opposed to recent woodland clearance (leah), and although this may be true generally, it must be questionable in individual cases. Prior to the King Edward held Shinfield. At the time of Domesday Book,

Shinfield, then called Selingefelle, was part of the king’s land, held by Saxi. It was assessed at five hides prior to the conquest, but by 1086 it was assessed at nothing, although there was arable land for six ploughs. There were thirteen villagers (heads of households) and two slaves, a mill rendering 5s and 150 eels, 5 fisheries rendering

550 eels, indicating the importance of the river to the economy at this time. The manor also included 16 acres of meadow and woodland for 90 pigs. It was worth £7 at the conquest and was worth £8 in 1086 (Williams and

Martin 2002, 138).

By 1166 Shinfield had been granted to the Earl of Warwick (VCH 1923). Shinfield Church and its attached chapel of belonged in the 12th century to the abbey of Lire in Normandy and had been obtained by grant from William Fitz Osbern, Earl of Hereford, the founder of the abbey, but it was to change hands several times.

The manor of Shinfield seems to have been regarded as part of the St. Johns' manor of Swallowfield until the middle of the 16th century. In 1560 Queen Elizabeth granted the manor of Shinfield to William Marquess of

Winchester, owner of . In 1561 Edward Martin, one time royal surveyor, gained the manor, and he is commemorated in Shinfield Church.

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Following the Commonwealth orders were issued by the Bishop Humphrey of Salisbury in an attempt to return the practices of the dissenting and rebellious Shinfield church to the Church of .

In about 1786 the manor of Shinfield was sold to Alexander Cobham, who was Sheriff of Berkshire in

1790. The Cobham family held the manor into the 20th century. In 1846 the living of the chapel at Wokingham was transferred from the Deans of Salisbury to the Bishops of Oxford. The church and manor-house of Shinfield were at the east of the site. Now it appears that only the church remains. There is some confusion about the history of a moated feature ‘to the east of the farm’ that is perhaps the remains of clay-pits used to construct the church tower (VCH 1923). The contemporary Ordnance Survey shows that there is no moated site to the east of the farm, but there are to both the north and the west, and another gravel pit to the east. The ‘moated site’ to the west of the church is on the proposal site and is still present today.

A range of Ordnance Survey and other historical maps of the area were consulted at Berkshire Record Office in order to ascertain what activity had been taking place throughout the site’s later history and whether this may have affected any possible archaeological deposits within the proposal area (see Appendix 2).

The earliest available map of the area is Saxton’s map of 1574 (Fig. 2). Shinfelde (Shinfield) is shown as a settlement the same size as nearby Arberfeld (), is shown as a park to the north and

Redinge (Reading) is shown as much larger settlement on the Thames (Fig. 2). Speed’s map of 1610 (not shown) is not as detailed and does not show Shinfield. Rocque’s map of Berkshire of 1761 is highly detailed and shows the roads through and Spencer’s Wood which may be recognized on modern maps (Fig. 3), allowing the boundary of the site to be plotted with reasonable certainty. According to Rocque, the site appears to be located within a single field, but this may be viewed with some caution, as although his mapping is good for roads and settlements, his depiction of open land is rarely reliable to the same level of detail. Just to the north-east of the site is a building on the site of what is later the vicarage, and another that is almost certainly the church; the relationship of these two to the site indicates the caution required in drawing too firm conclusions from this map.

The tithe map of Shinfield parish drawn in 1838 (Fig. 4) shows the outer field boundaries to have changed slightly, but this appears to be due to cartographic style rather than an actual change on the ground. The tithe map shows the single large field of Rocque’s map to be subdivided into five smaller fields; again, this is not necessarily a change of use, although it is possible that such a subdivision was recent in 1838, a time when many large fields were being enclosed. The field boundaries mapped at this time have only changed slightly since. The

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tithe map shows a moated feature at the south-east of the site, which is otherwise undeveloped at this time. The

Vicarage stands just beyond the boundary of the site.

The First Edition Ordnance Survey of 1872 depicts the same field boundaries, with some minor subdivisions along the eastern edge of the site, and shows that the site has not been developed (Fig. 5). There appears to be a small building in field 169. The moat is named as ‘The Moat’ and the lands (extending into the vicarage to the east) are labelled ‘Glebe’. ‘The Moat’ is fringed with trees, as indeed it is today. The Ordnance

Survey of 1911 does not show any significant changes (Fig. 6). The only notable change is the construction of the Six Bells Public House to the north of the site. This appears to have moved location from the western edge of

Shinfield. A well has been sunk on the site, and the tiny fields along the eastern edge have been rationalized, the boundaries being changed or removed. A feature marked ‘W’ at the north of the site may be a second well. Only a couple of trees remain around the moat; as with some other apparent changes in the mapping, however, this may be simply a change in style. The Ordnance Survey of 1936 shows that although no significant change has occurred to the site, Shinfield had become the location for the National Institute for Research in Dairying, a part of Reading University (Fig. 7). The site remains unaltered and undeveloped between then and today, although an additional road was constructed to the north-west of the site to lessen the corner in the pre-existing road, depicted on the Ordnance Survey 1981 (not shown) and the Ordnance Survey 2006 (Fig 1).

Listed buildings

There are numerous listed buildings in the vicinity of the site, although none are on the site itself. The Church of

St Mary’s is Grade I listed, Church Lane Farmhouse and Granary and the former vicarage that has been converted to a restaurant are all Grade II listed and form part of the local character of Shinfield. Despite the presence of hedges some of these buildings are within line of sight of the proposed development area. When developing within line of site of a listed building, any potential impact on the character and setting the listed buildings becomes a consideration in the planning process. The church, farmhouse and granary are already adjacent to modern development that has been undertaken sympathetically, and are at some distance from the site. The restaurant is at sufficient distance and behind sufficient hedges that it may be argued that it is out of line of sight.

Registered Parks and Gardens; Registered Battlefields

There are no registered parks and gardens or registered battlefields within close proximity of the site.

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Historic Hedgerows

It appears that there are no hedgerows on the site that would qualify in themselves as ‘important’ as defined by

Schedule 1 of the Hedgerows Regulations 1997. Part of the hedge at the south-west boundary of the site is probably depicted on Rocque’s map of Berkshire in 1761. As noted above, however, Rocque’s mapping of fields is often schematic, to the point of being purely arbitrary, and it is doubtful in this instance that it stands up to close scrutiny, given his depiction of the relative positions of the site, the church and vicarage. The hedge surrounding the moated area appears to be at least 130 years old, as it features on the First Edition Ordnance

Survey. It is also likely that this hedge forms the boundary that is shown on the 1838 Tithe Map. Therefore although these are not definitely ‘historic’ hedges, they may be older than these maps, and in any case they do form a part of the character of the site and surrounding area. The hedges bordering the roads form part of the shielding between the development site and the listed buildings. Also, Church Lane is noted on the HER as a historic road and according to the Regulations, any hedges that form the boundary of a ‘site’ noted in the HER can potentially be classed as historic on this basis. It is doubtful if the term ‘site’ in this sense was intended to cover roads listed from cartographic evidence, but on a strict reading, it could be so argued; in order to qualify under this provision, however, the ‘site’ in question needs to have been included in the HER before 1990, and this record was not created until 2001.

Aerial Photographs

A search was made of the aerial photographic collections held by the National Monuments Record on 6th April

2009 for a 1km radius around the site. This revealed 89 vertical photographs from 17 sorties and 25 oblique photographs from 25 sorties. However, none of the oblique photographs and only one vertical photograph, taken in June 1996 relate directly to the site area. These photographs have not been consulted. The Cambridge

University Collection had two vertical images of the site dating from the late 1940s and 2003. No archaeological features of interest were visible on these photographs.

Discussion and Recommendations

In considering the archaeological potential of the study area, various factors must be taken into account, including previously recorded archaeological sites, previous land-use and disturbance and future land-use including the proposed development.

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The proposal site lies on a geological outcrop (London Clay) not usually regarded as being of high archaeological potential. However, the site is in an area with a range of recorded sites and finds quite close by.

The site is also a relatively large parcel of land and the chances of a site of some period being present, purely at random, regardless of previous indicators, must also be considered.

The proposal area contains a site recorded in the Historic Environment Record as being that of a moat, usually considered to be a medieval manorial site or hunting lodge complex. Such sites can also have associated occupation deposits in adjacent areas. However, the identification as a moat is not confirmed and it is possible that the feature is simply a clay extraction pit. If the status and identification of the moat is confirmed as of archaeological interest, then it is most likely that any planning consent gained will be conditional on excluding this part of the site from development to ensure its preservation in situ. Such a preservation requirement could be achieved by sympathetic landscape design, for example by its inclusion in an area of public open space or a nature conservation area. Conversely, if the moat can be shown by field evaluation (trial trenching) to be no more than an infilled clay pit there would be no archaeological constraints on development of that area.

In summary, the site can be considered to have moderate archaeological potential for remains of almost any period, typical of dryland sites in most of southern England. It is unlikely that remains of national importance would be present, except possibly for the small proportion of the site occupied by the moat and immediately adjacent areas.

It will be necessary to provide further information about the potential of the site from field evaluation (trial trenching) in order to draw up a scheme to mitigate the impact of development on any below-ground archaeological deposits if necessary. A scheme for this evaluation will need to be drawn up and approved by the archaeological advisers to the Borough and implemented by a competent archaeological contractor.

References

BGS, 1946, British Geological Survey, Sheet 268, Drift/Solid Edition, Scale 1:63360, reprinted 1971 Brossler, A, Early, R and Allen, C, 2004, Green Park (Reading Business Park), Phase 2 excavations 1995 – Neolithic and Bronze Age sites, Oxford Archaeology, Thames Valley Landscapes Monogr 19, Oxford Cameron, K, 1996, English Place Names, London Ford, S, 1994-7, Loddon Valley (Berkshire) Field walking survey, Berkshire Archaeol J, 75, 11–33 Hindmarch E, 2003, Road, Three Mile Cross, Reading, Berkshire, an archaeological evaluation, Thames Valley Archaeological Services report 03/01 Reading Gates, T, 1975, The Thames Valley, An archaeological Survey of the River Gravels, Berkshire Archaeol Comm Pubn 1, Reading Mills, A D, 1998, Dictionary of English Place-Names, Oxford Moore, J and Jennings, D, 1992, Reading Business Park: a Bronze Age landscape, Thames Valley Landscapes: the Kennet Valley, vol 1, Oxford Archaeol Unit Pine, J, 2002, Hollow Lane, Shinfield, archaeological evaluation, Thames Valley Archaeological Services report 02/14 Reading

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PPG16, 1990, Dept of the Environment Planning Policy Guidance 16, Archaeology and Planning, HMSO Taylor, A, 2001, 82 Oatlands Road, Shinfield, Wokingham, Berkshire, an archaeological evaluation’, Thames Valley Archaeological Services report 01/23 Reading Taylor, A, (forthcoming), ‘Iron Age and Roman landscape features at Hollow Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire’, in Preston, S (ed), (in prep), Prehistoric and Roman sites in central Berkshire and north Hampshire, Thames Valley Archaeological Services monogr 9, Reading VCH, 1923, A History of Berkshire, iii, London Williams, A and Martin, G H, 2002, Domesday Book, A complete Translation, London

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APPENDIX 1: Historic Environment Records within a 750m search radius of the development site

No SMR Ref Grid Ref (SU) Type Period Comment 1 MWK857 73100 67800 Findspot Palaeolithic Hand axe - Ryeish Green, Shinfield, ERM349 N/a Survey Various Loddon Valley Fieldwalking Survey: 44 clusters of struck flint and pottery. 2 06119.00.000 73100 67600 Findspot Neolithic Flint scatter LVS40 Loddon Valley Survey - MWK680 Bronze Age 3 EWK134 73259 68053 Evaluation Bronze Age Hollow Lane/Church Lane. Iron Age pits, gullies, WK15655 - 73250 68066 Excavation Iron Age pottery, Bronze Age flint. Prehistoric occupation. MWK15666 73209 68125 Findspot Roman Roman ditches. Undated postholes, cremation burial EWK146 73300 68100 Undated and pyre. 06127.00.000 73250 67960 Flints - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 73247 68072 06128.00.000 73326 68028 - MWK152 WK15655 - MWK15655 MWK15667 4 06132.00.000 72800 67700 Findspots Prehistoric Flint assemblage - LVS84 Loddon Valley Survey - MWK680 5 06120.00.000 73290 67600 Findspot Prehistoric Flint flake- Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 6 06121.00.000 73230 67760 Findspot Prehistoric Flint flake - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 73253 67779 Evaluation Negative Hyde End Road, evaluation, no archaeology ERM671 7 06122.00.000 72920 67770 Findspot Prehistoric Flint flake - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 8 06133.00.000 72720 67800 Findspot Prehistoric Flint flake - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 9 06134.00.000 72670 67910 Findspot Prehistoric Flint flake - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 10 06135.00.000 72650 67960 Findspot Prehistoric Flint flake - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 11 06136.00.000 72480 67910 Findspot Prehistoric Flint flake - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 12 06137.00.000 72320 67760 Findspot Prehistoric Flints and pottery of various dates - Loddon Valley - MWK152 72350 67750 Roman Survey 06139.00.000 72300 67650 Medieval - MWK152 Undated 06140.00.000 - MWK152 06264.00.000 - MWK153 06264.00.002 - MWK153 13 06138.00.000 72440 67660 Findspot Prehistoric Flint flake - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 14 06141.00.000 72160 67810 Findspot Prehistoric Flints - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 72160 67860 06142.00.000 72120 67860 - MWK152 06143.00.000 - MWK152 15 06144.00.000 72120 67960 Findspot Prehistoric Flints - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 16 06145.00.000 72220 67950 Findspot Prehistoric Flint flake - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK152 17 06148.00.000 72860 68380 Findspot Prehistoric Flint and pottery - Loddon Valley Survey, also - MWK152 72850 68300 Roman Roman pottery from a garage on Church Lane 00731.00.000 72800 68300 Undated - MWK858 06280.00.000 - MWK154 18 06265.00.000 72490 67750 Findspot Roman Pottery sherd - Loddon Valley Survey. Cropmark of - MWK153 72408 67739 Photographic Undated rectangular enclosure? Geophysical survey: right WK15643 7234 6780 Survey angled feature. 2nd feature correlates with cropmark. MWK15643 19 06596.00.000 73053 68526 Evaluation Roman Ditch - MWK156 20 EWK96 73696 67702 Evaluation Roman Roman sherd, post medieval ditch and features. At Photographic Medieval cropmarks possible Roman, medieval, post-medieval Post medieval finds. Iron Age pottery assemblage. Areas with no cropmark evidence had no archaeological features. 21 06266.00.000 72200 67810 Findspots Roman Pottery sherds - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK153 Undated

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No SMR Ref Grid Ref (SU) Type Period Comment 22 00722.01.000 73000 68200 Documentary Medieval Selingefelle, first mention of Shinfield, Domesday - MWK110 72978 68198 Village Post medieval book. St Mary the Virgin Church, Grade I, C12th 00722.00.000 72998 68199 Listed Building century, rebuilt 1857. Medieval pottery also found - MWK110 Findspot near the church. MRM16216 DRM2107 23 06263.00.000 72490 67630 Findspot Medieval Pottery sherd - Loddon Valley Survey

24 06267.00.000 72410 67900 Findspot Medieval Pottery sherd - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK153 25 06268.00.000 72050 67960 Findspot Medieval Pottery sherd - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK153 26 06275.00.000 72800 68400 Findspot Medieval Pottery sherd- Loddon Valley Survey - MWK154 27 06276.00.000 72800 68530 Findspots Medieval Pottery sherds - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK154 28 06278.00.000 72390 68090 Findspot Medieval Pottery sherd - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK154 29 06277.00.000 72680 68530 Findspots Medieval Pottery - Site LV81, Loddon Valley Survey - MWK682 Post medieval 30 06279.00.000 72080 68020 Findspot Medieval Pottery - Loddon Valley Survey - MWK154 Undated 31 EWK136 72886 68090 Evaluation Post Medieval Church Farm, undated ditches, 19th century pond. 32 EWK199 73198 69098 Evaluation Post Medieval Shinfield Grove, 19th century house. 33 ERM315 73375 68733 Evaluation Post medieval Lane End Farm. Only Victorian/modern finds 34 ERM350 73110 69042 Watching Brief Post medieval Shinfield Grove, late 17th to 20th century. 35 ERM794 73131 68207 Evaluation Post Medieval Church Lane. 18th-19th century ditches and pits. 00722.04.000 73100 68200 Boundary Part of original manor house? - MWK743 36 DRM2237 72947 68175 Listed Building Medieval 17th century granary by Church Farm House. - MWK153 72935 68179 Post-medieval Church Farmhouse, early 15th century, much altered DRM2108 37 DRM2246 73157 68786 Listed Building Post medieval Lane End Farmhouse 16th century, much altered. 38 DRM2390 72842 68292 Listed Building Post medieval House, c. 1840, now restaurant. 39 DRM2242 73345 67716 Listed Building Post medieval The School, Hyde End Road. 1707, altered. 40 DRM2110 71874 68009 Listed Building Post medieval The Thatch/ Susanna Halliday's Cottage, 16th century, altered 41 00720.00.000 72700 68170 Cartographic Post medieval Three pits. Glebe terrier c1680 suggests pit not moat. - MWK110 Clay pit for church tower? 42 WK15634 71946 67805 Cartographic Post Medieval Mays Farm, Ordnance Survey 1st Edition MWK15634 43 WK15640 72733 68361 Cartographic Post medieval Church Lane, on 1680 map MWK15640 44 EWK95 73941 68065 Survey Unknown Magnetic susceptibility survey, 2 areas possible archaeological interest. 45 ERM398 73150 67931 Documentary Unknown Desk-based assessment: Earthwork. Cropmarks, finds scatters, sites identified. 46 EWK153 71623 682 32 Survey Negative Geophysical survey. No archaeology 47 EWK195 73316 67879 Investigation Negative Hollow Lane. No archaeology, truncated 48 ERM916 73073 68316 Survey Negative Shinfield Bypass and Ryeish Green. Geophysical (732 689 to survey. Archaeologically uninformative. 736 6797 [sic]) Listed Buildings Grade II unless stated.

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APPENDIX 2: Historic and modern maps consulted

1575 Christopher Saxton’s map of Berkshire (Fig. 2) 1610 John Speed’s map of Berkshire (not shown) 1761 Rocque’s map of Berkshire (Fig. 3) 1838 Tithe map of Shinfield parish (Fig. 4) 1872 First Edition Ordnance Survey (Fig. 5) 1911 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 6) 1936 Ordnance Survey (Fig. 7) 1981 Ordnance Survey Pathfinder 1:25,000 (not shown) 2006 Ordnance Survey Explorer 159 at 1:25,000 (Fig. 1)

14 Slough 70000 READING Maidenhead

Windsor Hungerford Thatcham Bracknell Newbury Wokingham SITE

32 34 69000

37 33

19 Site 29 27

43 26 17 48 38 46 35 22 41 36 44 3 28 31 40 30 68000 15 10 45 25 16 11 24 9 47 14 42 21 18 8 7 1 12 6 20 4 39 13 23 5 2 SU72000 73000 SGS 09/22 Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire, 2009 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Figure 1. Location of site in Shinfield and the location of HER entries

Reproduced from Ordnance Survey Explorer 159 at 1:12500. Ordnance Survey Licence 100025880 Approximate location of Site

SGS09/22 Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire, 2009 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Figure 2. Location of the site on Saxton’s map of Berkshire, c1575 Approximate location of Site

SGS09/22 Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire, 2009 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Figure 3. Rocque’s map of Berkshire, 1761 N

Site

SGS09/22 Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire, 2009 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Figure 4. Location of the site on the Tithe map of Shinfield Parish, 1838 Site

SGS 09/22 Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire, 2009 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Figure 5. First Edition Ordnance Survey, 1872 Site

SGS 09/22 Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire, 2009 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Figure 6. Ordnance Survey, 1911 Site

SGS 09/22 Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire, 2009 Archaeological Desk-based Assessment

Figure 7. Ordnance Survey, 1936