Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Wokingham, Berkshire
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Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Wokingham, Berkshire An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment for the Diocese of Oxford by Heather Hopkins Thames Valley Archaeological Services Ltd Site Code SGS 09/22 April 2009 Summary Site name: Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Wokingham, Berks Grid reference: SU 7260 6837 Site activity: Desk-based assessment Project manager: Steve Ford Site supervisor: Heather Hopkins Site code: SGS 09/22 Area of site: c. 9ha Summary of results: The site lies on a geological outcrop (London Clay) not usually regarded as being of high archaeological potential. It is, however, a large parcel of land and recent survey work in the environs has revealed a modest range of archaeological finds and sites. The site lies adjacent to the historic core of Shinfield and also contains an earthwork recorded as being that of a (medieval) moat, usually considered to be a manorial site or hunting lodge complex. Identification as a moat is not confirmed and it is possible that the feature is simply a clay extraction pit. It will be necessary to provide further information about the potential of the site from field evaluation (trial trenching) in order to draw up a scheme to mitigate the impact of development on any archaeological deposits if necessary. Any mitigation required could involve preservation in-situ by sympathetic landscape design, for example by the inclusion of zones of interest as areas of public open space or nature conservation. This report may be copied for bona fide research or planning purposes without the explicit permission of the copyright holder Report edited/checked by: Steve Ford9 07.04.09 Steve Preston9 07.04.09 Land at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Berkshire An Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment by Heather Hopkins Report 09/22 Introduction This desk-based study is an assessment of the archaeological potential of land located at Shinfield Glebe, Church Lane, Shinfield, Wokingham, Berkshire (SU 7260 6837) (Fig. 1). The project was commissioned by Ms Jo Emmett of Hives Planning, 46 Queen’s Road, Reading, RG1 4AU, on behalf of the Oxford Diocesean Board of Finance, and comprises the first stage of a process to determine the presence/absence, extent, character, quality and date of any archaeological remains which may be affected by redevelopment of the area. The purpose of the assessment is to inform an initial evaluation of the potential of the site for residential development. Site description, location and geology The site lies immediately to the west of the historic core of Shinfield that includes the parish church. The site currently consists of five fields used for pasturing horses, separated by hedges. A ‘moat’ is present on the southern boundary of the site and currently consists of at least one water-filled sunken pit in a wooded area. The site is bordered to the north-west and north-east by lanes, to the east by Church Lane Farm and to the south-east by a modern housing development. The development area is centred on SU 7260 6837. The site is located on London Clay (BGS 1946). It is at a height of approximately 50 m above Ordnance Datum and slopes gently to the north west. Topographically the site lies on the eastern valley side of the Foudry Brook which drains into the Kennet to the north. The site covers approximately 9ha. Planning background and development proposals The potential of the site for residential development is being considered. It is estimated that that 200-250 dwellings may be accommodated on the site; however the number of dwellings and their location would be partly informed by this archaeological assessment of the site. Archaeology and Planning (PPG 16 1990) provides guidance relating to archaeology within the planning process. It points out that where a desk-based assessment has shown that there is a strong possibility of significant archaeological deposits in a development area it is reasonable to provide more detailed information from a field evaluation so that an appropriate strategy to mitigate the effects of development on archaeology can be devised: 1 Paragraph 21 states: ‘Where early discussions with local planning authorities or the developer’s own research indicate that important archaeological remains may exist, it is reasonable for the planning authority to request the prospective developer to arrange for an archaeological field evaluation to be carried out...’ Should the presence of archaeological deposits be confirmed further guidance is provided. Archaeology and Planning stresses preservation in situ of archaeological deposits as a first consideration as in paragraphs 8 and 18. Paragraph 8 states: ‘...Where nationally important archaeological remains, whether scheduled or not, and their settings, are affected by proposed development there should be a presumption in favour of their physical preservation...’ Paragraph 18 states: ‘The desirability of preserving an ancient monument and its setting is a material consideration in determining planning applications whether that monument is scheduled or unscheduled...’ However, for archaeological deposits that are not of such significance it is appropriate for them to be ‘preserved by record’ (i.e., fully excavated and recorded by a competent archaeological contractor) prior to their destruction or damage. Paragraph 25 states: ‘Where planning authorities decide that the physical preservation in situ of archaeological remains is not justified in the circumstances of the development and that development resulting in the destruction of the archaeological remains should proceed, it would be entirely reasonable for the planning authority to satisfy itself ... that the developer has made appropriate and satisfactory provision for the excavation and recording of remains.’ The proposals map of Wokingham District Local Plan 2004 shows the site to be located close to, but not within, a site with high archaeological potential. 2 Wokingham District Local Plan 2004 states: POLICY WHE10: development affecting archaeological sites Where development is likely to affect an area of high archaeological potential as shown on the proposals map, or any other area known or likely to contain archaeological remains, an appropriate evaluation will be required prior to the determination of a planning application. In the absence of sufficient information on the extent and importance of archaeological remains, planning permission will be refused. POLICY WHE12: development affecting sites of archaeological potential Development proposals that would affect a site of archaeological potential will be expected to include appropriate measures for the protection of remains. Important remains should be preserved in situ. However, where this is not merited or where there are other overriding considerations, satisfactory provision will be made for the excavation and recording of remains and the publication of results. Policies WHE 10 and WHE 12 were ‘saved’ by the Secretary of State on September 24th 2007 and remain part of the Development Plan to be used in the determination of planning applications. Methodology The assessment of the site was carried out by the examination of pre-existing information from a number of sources recommended by the Institute of Field Archaeologists paper ‘Standards in British Archaeology’ covering desk-based studies. These sources include historic and modern maps, the Berkshire Historic Environment Record, geological maps and any relevant publications or reports. Archaeological background General background The site lies between two river systems (The Loddon and the Foudry Brook/Kennet) which, due primarily to the use of aerial photography to discover sites, are considered to be archaeologically rich (Gates 1975) though the London Clay on which the site lies is not usually conducive to the formation of cropmarks or parchmarks. More recent development-led archaeological investigations, such as at Green Park and Reading Business Park to the north-west have revealed extensive prehistoric and Roman settlement and landscape features (Moore and 3 Jennings 1992; Brossler 2004) with similar results for smaller scale investigations (e.g., Hindmarch 2003; Taylor 2001). The environs of the site has also been subject to fieldwalking survey, that is the recovery of artefacts from the surface of arable fields as an indication of the presence of buried archaeological sites (Ford 1994-7). The site itself though, was not available for this particular study. This survey, in general, revealed a surprisingly large number of sites and finds of various dates, though with rather less evidence coming from the non-gravel geological outcrops, such as where the site is located. Nevertheless earlier prehistoric, Roman and medieval finds and sites are now recorded for the environs of the site. Berkshire Historic Environment Record A search was made on the Berkshire Historic Environment Record (HER) on 19th March 2009 for a radius of 750m around the proposal site. This revealed 72 entries within the search radius. The significance of each entry is highly variable and can range from the findspot of a single artefact to that of an extensive, multi-period settlement complex. The entries are summarized as Appendix 1 and their locations are plotted on Figure 1. Palaeolithic A single find relating to this period is reported and which comprises a handaxe dating to the lower Palaeolithic [Fig. 1: 1]. Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age The Loddon Valley Survey (Ford 1994-7) is responsible for many of