Christie's Presents Jewels: the Hong Kong Sale
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Economic Dimensions of Precious Metals, Stones, and Feathers: the Aztec State Society
ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF PRECIOUS METALS, STONES, AND FEATHERS: THE AZTEC STATE SOCIETY FRANCES F. BERDAN In the spring of 1519, Hernán Cortés and his band of Spanish conquistadores feasted their eyes on the wealth of an empire. While resting on the coast of Veracruz, before venturing inland, Cortés was presented with lavish gifts from the famed Aztec emperor Mocte· zuma IV- While only suggestive of the vastness of imperial wealth, these presents included objects of exquisite workmanship fashioned of prized materials: gold, silver, feathers, jadeite, turquoise.2 There was an enormous wheel of gold, and a smaller one of silver, one said to represent the sun, the other the moon. There were two impressive collars (necklaces) of gold and stone mosaic work: they combined red stones, green stones, and gold bells. s There were fans and other elabo 1 Saville (1920: 20-39, 191-206) provides a detailed summary of the many accounts of the gifts presented to Cortés on this occasion. 2 Up to this point in their adventure, sorne of the conquistadores apparently had been sorely disappointed in the mainland's wealth. Bernal Diaz del Castillo repeatedly refers to the gold encountered by the Hernández de Córdova and Gri jalva expeditions (1517 and 1518, respectively) as "Iow grade" or "inferior", and small in quantity (Díaz del Castillo, 1956: 8, 22,23, 25, 28). While Díaz, writing many years after the events he describes, seems especially critical of the quality of the gold avaiJable on the coast, the friar Juan Díaz's account of the Grijalva ex pedition betrays no such dísappointment. -
The Red Diamond
The Red Diamond John Fitzgerald Rob Floyd The Red Diamond Text and image copyright © John Fitzgerald and Rob Floyd 2012 Thalassa by Louis MacNeice is reproduced by kind permission of David Higham literary, film and TV agents. The authors would also like to thank Penguin Books for permission to quote from King Arthur and His Knights of the Round Table by Roger Lancelyn Green, and Colin Wilson for the phrase, ‘Imagination is the Herald of Change’. Contents Welcome The Sulphurous Heart Seekers in the Sunrise Britain is Our Playground Daughters of the Revolution The Arch of Constantine The Lantern Bearer Temenos The Mind and the World The Room of the Golden Dance Glittering Prize Rebel Angels Useful Idiots Panache, Power and Pride Visions and Ruins The God Abandons Antony The Red Diamond The Far Wall Welcome Man is in love with what abandons him. That’s the starting point of every quest. Meister Eckhart ******* Hello, thank you and welcome to The Red Diamond. We hope it stirs your imaginations and that you enjoy it in every way. The Red Diamond is essentially an Art Book, with Rob’s illustrations playing as central a role in the story’s unfolding as does my text. Our intent has not been so much to say, ‘this happened here, that happened there and here’s the picture to prove it’, but rather to allow words and pictures to come together in the hope of creating new contemplative spaces – evocative spaces – spaces of growth, possibility and playful creative change. The text tends therefore to concentrate more on atmosphere and mood than the adoption of a purely realistic approach to the story’s development. -
Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana
Report of Investigation 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg 2015 Cover photo by Richard Berg. Sapphires (very pale green and colorless) concentrated by panning. The small red grains are garnets, commonly found with sapphires in western Montana, and the black sand is mainly magnetite. Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences in Montana Richard B. Berg Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology MBMG Report of Investigation 23 2015 i Compilation of Reported Sapphire Occurrences, RI 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 Descriptions of Occurrences ..................................................................................................7 Selected Bibliography of Articles on Montana Sapphires ................................................... 75 General Montana ............................................................................................................75 Yogo ................................................................................................................................ 75 Southwestern Montana Alluvial Deposits........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Rock Creek sapphire district ........................................................................ 76 Specifi cally Dry Cottonwood Creek deposit and the Butte area .................................... -
Lab 2 – Mineral Properties and Non-Silicate Minerals
LAB 2: MINERAL PROPERTIES AND NON-SILICATE MINERALS Lab Structure Yes – review concepts from Labs 1 and 2 in preparation Recommended additional work for Test 1 Required materials Mineral ID kit, Mineral Kits 1 and 2, pencil Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, completing the exercises within it, and answering the questions at the end, you should be able to: • Describe mineral lattices and explain how they influence mineral properties. • Categorize minerals into groups based on their compositions. • Describe some of the important techniques for identifying minerals. • Identify and describe the physical properties of a range of non-silicate minerals in hand sample. • Discuss the economic uses of non-silicate minerals. Key Terms • Cation • Phosphate • Anion • Colour • Silicate • Streak • Non-silicate • Lustre • Native element • Hardness • Sulphide • Crystal habit • Oxide • Cleavage • Hydroxide • Fracture • Sulphate • Conchoidal fracture • Carbonate • Specific gravity • Halide Minerals are all around us: the graphite in your pencil, the salt on your table, the plaster on your walls, and the trace amounts of gold in your computer. Minerals can be found in a wide variety of consumer products including paper, medicine, processed foods, cosmetics, electronic devices, and many more. And of course, everything made of metal is also derived from minerals. 49 | Lab 2: Mineral Properties and Non-Silicate Minerals As defined in the introductory chapter, a mineral is a naturally occurring combination of specific elements arranged in a particular repeating three-dimensional structure (Figure I4). “Naturally occurring” implies that minerals are not artificially made. Many minerals (e.g., diamond) can be made in laboratories, but if they can also occur naturally, they still qualify as minerals. -
Lab 2: Mineralogy
Lab 2: Mineralogy Reading Understanding Earth, Ch. 3, and Appendix 4 Objectives • To learn how minerals are classified • To learn the common properties of mineral groups • To identify common minerals found in the Earth’s crust Introduction The crust of the Earth is made up of a variety of different rocks. Each type of rock is formed from an assemblage of minerals. Minerals are the basic "building blocks" of rocks, and the recognition of common minerals and rocks is an essential part of the study of geology. A mineral is defined as a chemical element or compound that is a naturally-occurring crystalline solid and is formed as a result of inorganic processes. The terms "rock" and "mineral" are often erroneously used interchangeably. It is important, therefore, to emphasize the key differences between these materials. A mineral is a substance formed by nucleation and growth in an “orderly, three dimensional array.” It is relatively continuous and homogeneous, with a set chemical composition or range of compositions. A rock is an aggregate of minerals with possible wide variations in chemical compositions and crystal structures. A mineral can be represented by a chemical formula, while a rock cannot. Figure 2.1 The difference between a mineral and a rock. Left: The mineral garnet. Right: The rock eclogite, made up of garnet and clinopyroxene. Although there are over 3000 minerals that have been discovered, fewer than 30 make up the bulk of the earth's crust. These are called the rock-forming minerals, and are the ones you are most likely to encounter in the rocks around you. -
The Journal of Gemmology Editor: Dr R.R
he Journa TGemmolog Volume 25 No. 8 October 1997 The Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain 27 Greville Street, London Eel N SSU Tel: 0171 404 1134 Fax: 0171 404 8843 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gagtl.ac.uklgagtl President: Professor R.A. Howie Vice-Presidents: LM. Bruton, Af'. ram, D.C. Kent, R.K. Mitchell Honorary Fellows: R.A. Howie, R.T. Liddicoat Inr, K. Nassau Honorary Life Members: D.). Callaghan, LA. lobbins, H. Tillander Council of Management: C.R. Cavey, T.]. Davidson, N.W. Decks, R.R. Harding, I. Thomson, V.P. Watson Members' Council: Aj. Allnutt, P. Dwyer-Hickey, R. fuller, l. Greatwood. B. jackson, J. Kessler, j. Monnickendam, L. Music, l.B. Nelson, P.G. Read, R. Shepherd, C.H. VVinter Branch Chairmen: Midlands - C.M. Green, North West - I. Knight, Scottish - B. jackson Examiners: A.j. Allnutt, M.Sc., Ph.D., leA, S.M. Anderson, B.Se. (Hons), I-CA, L. Bartlett, 13.Se, .'vI.phil., I-G/\' DCi\, E.M. Bruton, FGA, DC/\, c.~. Cavey, FGA, S. Coelho, B.Se, I-G,\' DGt\, Prof. A.T. Collins, B.Sc, Ph.D, A.G. Good, FGA, f1GA, Cj.E. Halt B.Sc. (Hons), FGr\, G.M. Howe, FG,'\, oo-, G.H. jones, B.Se, PhD., FCA, M. Newton, B.Se, D.PhiL, H.L. Plumb, B.Sc., ICA, DCA, R.D. Ross, B.5e, I-GA, DGA, P..A.. Sadler, 13.5c., IGA, DCA, E. Stern, I'GA, DC/\, Prof. I. -
GAO-09-987 International Trade: U.S. Agencies Have Taken Some Steps
United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Committees GAO September 2009 INTERNATIONAL TRADE U.S. Agencies Have Taken Some Steps, but Serious Impediments Remain to Restricting Trade in Burmese Rubies and Jadeite GAO-09-987 September 2009 INTERNATIONAL TRADE Accountability Integrity Reliability U.S. Agencies Have Taken Some Steps, but Serious Highlights Impediments Remain to Restricting Trade in Burmese Highlights of GAO-09-987, a report to Rubies and Jadeite congressional committees Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Congress passed the Tom Lantos The Burmese jadeite and ruby trades are very different from one another and Block Burmese JADE Act in 2008 significantly involve China and Thailand. Burmese-origin jadeite is primarily prohibiting the import of Burmese- purchased, processed, and consumed by China. Burmese-origin rubies are origin jadeite, rubies, and related reportedly largely smuggled into Thailand, yielding little revenue to the jewelry and calling for certain Burmese regime, and are significantly processed there. international actions. The act also requires GAO to assess the effectiveness of the U.S. agencies have taken some steps but have not shown that they are implementation of this section of effectively restricting imports of Burmese-origin rubies, jadeite, and related the act. jewelry while allowing imports of non-Burmese-origin goods. Some U.S. jewelry representatives said import restrictions constrain legitimate ruby This report assesses (1) key imports. Agencies published an interim final rule, but DHS has not developed characteristics of the trade of specific audit guidance or conducted any postentry reviews of importers’ Burmese-origin jadeite and rubies; records. In addition, there is little guidance to importers on what constitutes (2) progress agencies have made to verifiable evidence of non-Burmese-origin. -
A Comparative Study of Jadeite, Omphacite and Kosmochlor Jades from Myanmar, and Suggestions for a Practical Nomenclature
Feature Article A Comparative Study of Jadeite, Omphacite and Kosmochlor Jades from Myanmar, and Suggestions for a Practical Nomenclature Leander Franz, Tay Thye Sun, Henry A. Hänni, Christian de Capitani, Theerapongs Thanasuthipitak and Wilawan Atichat Jadeitite boulders from north-central Myanmar show a wide variability in texture and mineral content. This study gives an overview of the petrography of these rocks, and classiies them into ive different types: (1) jadeitites with kosmochlor and clinoamphibole, (2) jadeitites with clinoamphibole, (3) albite-bearing jadeitites, (4) almost pure jadeitites and (5) omphacitites. Their textures indicate that some of the assemblages formed syn-tectonically while those samples with decussate textures show no indication of a tectonic overprint. Backscattered electron images and electron microprobe analyses highlight the variable mineral chemistry of the samples. Their extensive chemical and textural inhomogeneity renders a classiication by common gemmological methods rather dificult. Although a deinitive classiication of such rocks is only possible using thin-section analysis, we demonstrate that a fast and non-destructive identiication as jadeite jade, kosmochlor jade or omphacite jade is possible using Raman and infrared spectroscopy, which gave results that were in accord with the microprobe analyses. Furthermore, current classiication schemes for jadeitites are reviewed. The Journal of Gemmology, 34(3), 2014, pp. 210–229, http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2014.34.3.210 © 2014 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Introduction simple. Jadeite jade is usually a green massive The word jade is derived from the Spanish phrase rock consisting of jadeite (NaAlSi2O6; see Ou Yang, for piedra de ijada (Foshag, 1957) or ‘loin stone’ 1999; Ou Yang and Li, 1999; Ou Yang and Qi, from its reputed use in curing ailments of the loins 2001). -
Phillips Presents Jewels and Jadeite Hong Kong Spring Auction Highlights
PRESS RELEASE Phillips Presents Jewels and Jadeite Hong Kong Spring Auction Highlights Featuring A Dazzling Array of Coloured Diamonds and Gemstones, Signed Jewellery and Important Diamonds Hong Kong – 29 April 2021 – Phillips is pleased to present an extraordinary range of jewellery in its upcoming sale of Jewels and Jadeite in Hong Kong on 5 June at the JW Marriott. Featuring 165 lots, the sale is led by a pair of exceptional Fancy Blue diamond earrings and a stunning Fancy Blue diamond pendant/ ring. A 10.59 carat, Asscher- cut, D-Flawless, Type IIa diamond ring will also grace this season’s auction. Moreover, the sale comprises a wide range of thoughtfully curated diamonds, coloured gemstones, and signed pieces by iconic houses including Harry Winston, Cartier, Van Cleef & Arpels and Graff,among others. Graeme Thompson, Worldwide Head of Jewellery said: “Following a 100% sell-through rate for jewellery offered in the recent INTERSECT cross-category online auction, which demonstrated a highly resilient market for fine quality jewels in Asia, Phillips is delighted to offer a dazzling and delightful selection of jewellery this spring. This season’s sale marks Phillips’ tenth jewellery sale in Hong Kong, which represents an important milestone as we continue to build a thriving business and expand our presence across Asia. We are particularly proud to be entrusted with an extremely rare 10.59 carat, Asscher-cut, D-Flawless diamond from the Letšeng mine in Lesotho, Southern Africa, a perfectly matched pair of 1.12 and 1.13 carat Fancy Blue diamond earrings and a 2.21 carat Fancy Blue diamond pendant/ ring. -
Partitioning of Chromium Between Garnet and Clinopyroxene: first-Principle Modelling Versus Metamorphic Assemblages
Eur. J. Mineral., 32, 387–403, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-387-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Partitioning of chromium between garnet and clinopyroxene: first-principle modelling versus metamorphic assemblages Sarah Figowy, Benoît Dubacq, Yves Noël, and Philippe d’Arco Sorbonne Université, CNRS-INSU, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris, ISTeP UMR 7193, 75005 Paris, France Correspondence: Sarah Figowy (sarah.fi[email protected]) Received: 30 December 2019 – Revised: 28 May 2020 – Accepted: 15 June 2020 – Published: 3 July 2020 Abstract. Understanding the geochemical behaviour of trace and minor elements in mineral assemblages is of primary importance to study small- and large-scale geological processes. Partition coefficients are frequently used to model the chemical evolution of minerals and fluids during melting and in metamorphic rocks of all grades. However, kinetic effects hampering equilibrium partitioning may invalidate the modelling. This study aims at calculating partition coefficients and testing their applicability in natural mineral assemblages, choosing Cr in garnet and clinopyroxene via exchange with Al as a case study. First-principle modelling has been com- bined with measurements and element mapping to estimate partition coefficients for Cr and the deviation from equilibrium. Results highlight the role of crystal chemistry over the strain field around point defects, controlling the dynamics of the Cr3C D Al3C exchange between clinopyroxene and garnet. Ab initio calculations allowed estimation of Cr partition coefficients between garnet and clinopyroxene, using a thermodynamic approach based on endmembers and mixing models simplified for trace element behaviour. -
2012 HK Christies Coloured Stones
Christie’s Expert Lecture Sunday 27th May 2012 Colourful Treasures of Nature: Ruby, Sapphire, Emerald & Pearls presented by Dr. Michael S. Krzemnicki Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF Photos © M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF, except where indicated otherwise Coloured gemstones are formed during large-scale geological processes which have shaped the world as we know it today...! Foto: Baltoro-Gletscher, Karakorum; Guilhem Vellut via, WikiCommons! 1! Kashmir sapphire Foto: Baltoro-Gletscher, Karakorum; Guilhem Vellut via, WikiCommons! The collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian continental plate has produced some of the most important sources for coloured gems, such as the sapphires from Kashmir and the sapphires and rubies from Burma, and many more.! 2! Inclusions should not only be considered as imperfections, ! but rather as individual proof and fingerprint of the age and formation conditions of a gemstone!! Garnier et al. 2006! Foto:H.A. Hänni, SSEF! © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF Inclusions may also be very characteristic for a specific provenance of a gemstone, thus being a valuable proof for its origin.! Blue colour zone in a ruby from Mong Hsu (Burma)! © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 3! These sources for coloured stones are often known since historic times and their gems have been treasured over centuries for their beauty and rarity.! Bagan, Burma © P. Boegli, Flickr.com! © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF Where do the stones come from... © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 4! Mwarasi'ruby'deposit,' Tanzania' © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF Near Mahenge, Central Tanzania: spinel & ruby mines © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 5! Matombo (Uluguru Mountains)" Morogoro Province! Foto: W. Balmer, 2009! The Umba valley, Northern Tanzania © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF 6! The varieties of Corundum: Ruby, Sapphire, & Fancy sapphires: Trace elements resulting in a wide range of attractive colours including padparadscha © Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF Sapphire 7! Kashmir sapphire The Kashmir sapphire mines from Tom D. -
The Duncan to Mayco Conversion Chart
TO CONVERSION CHART CC135 Lake Blue .......................UG72 Wedgewood Blue CC203 Neon Chartreuse ....................UG218 Pear Green CC136 Marlin Blue ...........................UG94 Pansy Purple CC204 Neon Orange......................UG85 Orange Sorbet CC137 Regency Purple.....................UG87 Regal Purple CC205 Neon Green ............................UG218 Pear Green CC140 Morocco Red .................................UG10 Crimson CC206 Neon Red .................................UG208 Fame Red AG401 Marbled Celadon ...................EL131 Turtle Shell CC141 Light Yellow .........................UG46 Bright Yellow AG402 Turquoise Haze ...................EL136 Lapis Lagoon CC142 Canary Yellow ......................UG46 Bright Yellow AG403 Ocean Mist ...............................EL103 Sea Spray CC143 Yellow Orange ..................UG203 Squash Yellow AG404 Winter Fog ...........................EL124 Stormy Blue CC144 Burnt Orange ...................UG203 Squash Yellow AG405 Smoke Stack ..........................EL101 Oyster Shell CC145 Indian Red ..................................UG31 Chocolate CN012 Bright Straw* ............................SC24 Dandelion AG406 Aged Moss .........................EL125 Sahara Sands CC146 Purple ........................................UG93 Wild Violet CN022 Bright Saffron* ..........................SC24 Dandelion AG408 Oyster Shell ................... EL140 Toasted Almond CC148 Deep Turquoise .......................UG19 Electra Blue CN052 Bright Tangerine* ...........SC50 Orange Ya Happy AG409