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Effect of Magnetic Field and Heat Source on Upper-Convected-Maxwell Fluid in a Porous Channel

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Effect of Magnetic Field and Heat Source on Upper-Convected-Maxwell Fluid in a Porous Channel Open Phys. 2018; 16:917–928 Research Article Zeeshan Khan, Haroon Ur Rasheed, Tawfeeq Abdullah Alkanhal, Murad Ullah, Ilyas Khan*, and Iskander Tlili Effect of magnetic field and heat source on Upper-convected-maxwell fluid in a porous channel https://doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0113 Received Apr 12, 2018; accepted Jun 05, 2018 Nomenclature Abstract: The effect of magnetic field on the flow ofthe β Deborah number UCMF (Upper-Convected-Maxwell Fluid) with the property η Similarity variable of a heat source/sink immersed in a porous medium is ex- ν Kinematic viscosity (m2s−1) plored. A shrinking phenomenon along with the perme- θ Dimensionless temperature ability of the wall are considered. The governing equa- φ Stream function tions for the motion and transfer of heat of the UCMF along λ1 Internal heat generation/absorption parameter with boundary conditions are converted into a set of cou- λR Relaxation time (t) pled nonlinear mathematical equations. Appropriate sim- C Dimensional constant (t−1) ilarity transformations are used to convert the set of non- f Similarity variable linear partial differential equations into nonlinear ordi- K Thermal conductivity nary differential equations. The modeled ordinary differ- M Magnetic field (Te) ential equations have been solved by the Homotopy Anal- Nux Nusselt number ysis Method (HAM). The convergence of the series solu- p Density of the fluid (kg m3) tion is established. For the sake of comparison, numeri- Pr Prandtl number cal (ND-Solve method) solutions are also obtained. Spe- Q Hear source/sink parameter cial attention is given to how the non-dimensional phys- S Suctions/injection parameter(ms−1) ical parameters of interest affect the flow of the UCMF. It T Fluid’s temperature (K) is observed that with the increasing Deborah number the T∞ Ambient temperature (K) velocity decreases and the temperature inside the fluid in- Tw Wall temperature (k) creases. The results show that the velocity and tempera- U, V Velocity components (ms−1) ture distribution increases with a porous medium. It is also V1,V2 Wall velocity observed that the magnetic parameter has a decelerating x,y Cartesian coordinates (I) effect on velocity while the temperature profiles increases in the entire domain. Due to the increase in Prandtl num- ber the temperature profile increases. It is also observed that the heat source enhance the thermal conductivity and increases the fluid temperature while the heat sink pro- vides a decrease in the fluid temperature. Keywords: Heat source/sink, UCMF, Magnetohydrody- Zeeshan Khan, Haroon Ur Rasheed: Sarhad university of Science namic, Porisity, Shrinking channel and Information Technology, Peshawar, KP, 2500, Pakistan PACS: 45.10.-b, 47.10.-g, 47.55.pb, 47.56.+r Tawfeeq Abdullah Alkanhal: Department of Mechatronics and System Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia Murad Ullah: Department of Mathematics, Islamia College Univer- sity of Pesshawar, KP, 2500, Pakistan *Corresponding Author: Ilyas Khan: Faculty of Mathematics and Iskander Tlili: Energy and Thermal Systems Laboratory, National Statistics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Engineering Scholl of Monastir, Street Ibn El Jazzar, 5019 Monastir, Email: [email protected] Tunisia Open Access. © 2018 Z. Khan et al., published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License 918 Ë Z. Khan et al. 1 Introduction mazoglu [8]. The dual and triple solutions were obtained. Raza et al. [9] presented the rotating flow of nanofluid with the effects of hydromagnetic and slip parameters. Frei- The flow problem of a hydromagnetic fluid with the effects doonimehr et al. [10] studied unsteady convective flow in of porous media and heat transfer is one of the most im- a vertical permeable stretching surface with MHD effects. portant problems in the field of engineering and applied Rashidi et al. [11] used a permeable vertical sheet for the sciences. Recently, several mathematicians and applied MHD free convective flow of non-Newtonian fluid. They researchers have proposed that the cooling rate be criti- presented the effects of radiation and buoyancy in their cal for products in order to improve their quality. For in- proposed model. The same author approached the simi- stance, the heat transfer is very important in extracting lar procedure to study the mixed convective heat transfer metal from ores. As a result, a number of field researchers for magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid with thermal ra- from all of the developed countries recently studied vari- diation and porous medium [12]. Rashidi et al. [13] gave an ous fluid mechanics problems in different flow configura- analytical solution for MHD viscoelastic fluid flow over a tions, including suction/blowing, magnetohydrodynam- stretching surface with continuous motion. For this pur- ics, internal heat generation / absorption, rotation effects, pose they applied the homotopy analysis method (HAM). permeability of the porous medium, simultaneous effects Zahid et al. [14] investigated the dual effects of viscous of energy and concentration process, viscous dissipations, dissipation and thermal radiation on the stagnation point Joule and Newtonian heating processes, etc. For exam- flow induced by an exponentially stretching wall. Awais et ple, hydromagnetic natural convection flow over a mov- al. [15] studied the combined effects of Newtonian heating, ing surface was studied by Fetecau et al. [1]. They pre- thermal diffusion and diffusion thermos on an axisym- sented the radiative heat transfer solution considering the metric non-Newtonian fluid flow. In the present analysis, effect of slip boundary conditions. Closed form solutions we have explored the solution for the internal heat gen- have been obtained by utilizing the Laplace transform and eration/absorption phenomenon of the non-Newtonian it was found that the slip parameter has significant ef- Upper-convected-Maxwell fluid flow. The governing equa- fects on the solutions. A note on a Sisko fluid with ra- tions are first modeled and then solved analytically and diation heat transfer was given by Mehmood and Fete- numerically. In this context, the constitutive equations for cau [2]. Poiseuille flow was considered in an asymmetric velocity and temperature profiles are solved analytically channel and the effect of nonlinear wall temperature was by applying the homotopy analysis method (HAM). investigated. The expressions for stream functions, axial This technique has already been used for the solution velocities, and pressure were computed analytically. The of various problems [16–37]. Ghadikolaei et al. [38] stud- micropolar fluid problem was studied by Sheikoleslami ied nonlinear thermal radiation effect on magneto Cas- et al. [3] with heat transfer effects in a channel. The se- son nanofluid flow with joule heating effect over anin- ries solution was obtained by the homotopy perturbation clined porous stretching sheet. Hosseinzadeh et al. [39] method (HPM) and the effects of chemical reactions were investigated a numerical investigation on ethylene glycol- investigated. Moreover, the effects of physical quantities titanium dioxide nanofluid convective flow over a stretch- such as Reynolds number, Peclet number, and micro ro- ing sheet in presence of heat generation/absorption. Rah- tation was analyzed and discussed through graphs. In mati et al. [40] studied dimultaneous investigations the another study, the same author [4] used the Differential effects of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow in different vol- Transform Method (DTM) for computations considering a ume fractions of solid nanoparticles with slip and no-slip micropolar fluid with high mass transfer filled in a porous boundary conditions. Ghadikolaei et al. [41] carried out an- channel. Ellahi et al. [5] analyzed the effects of heat trans- alytical and numerical solution of non-Newtonian second- fer using third grade fluid in a channel. They obtained an grade fluid flow on a stretching sheet. Sheikholeslami et analytical solution for axial velocity and temperature dis- al. [42] studied heat transfer improvement and pressure tribution for incompressible viscoelastic third grade fluid. drop during condensation of refrigerant-based nanofluid; Ellahi presented [6] the flow of nanofluid in a circular pipe. an experimental procedure. Guo et al. [43] studied numeri- The effects of magnetohydrodynamic and variable viscos- cal study of nanofluids’ thermal and hydraulic characteris- ity are investigated in the solutions. MHD flow of a third tics considering Brownian motion effect in a micro fin heat grade fluid was investigated by Adesanya and Falade [7]. sink. Amini et al. [44] investigated thermal conductivity of They explored the heat transfer rate of entropy in two par- highly porous metal foams using experimental and image allel plates. The hydromagnetic slip flow over a shrink- based finite element analysis. Tian et al. [45] studied heat ing wall of non-Newtonian fluid was computed by Turkyil- conduction investigation of functionally graded material Effect of magnetic field and heat source on Upper-convected-maxwell fluid Ë 919 plates with variable gradient parameters under exponen- wall where c > 0 and V2 is the suction/blowing. Further- tial heat source load [46–67]. more, (x, y) represents the coordinate system, λR is relax- Furthermore, for the sake of clarity the proposed ation time, σ is electrical conductivity, B0 is magnetic field method
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