CURRICULUM VITAE David Gabai EDUCATION Ph.D. Mathematics
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The Scientific Context
Center for Quantum Geometry of Moduli Spaces Proposal for the Danish National Research Foundation The Scientific Context: The role of mathematics in our understanding of nature has been recognized for millennia. Its importance is especially poignant in modern theoretical physics as the cost of experiment escalates and the mathematical complexity of physical theories increases. Major challenge: Discover the mathematical mechanisms to define quantum field theory as a mathematical entity, to justify mathematically the recipes used by physicists, and to unify quantum theory with gravity. Classical and quantum mechanics rests on solid mathematical foundations, which were developed over the last two centuries. In contrast, quantum field theory, which plays a central role in modern theoretical physics, lacks a mathematical foundation. The mathematical difficulties involve averaging over infinite-dimensional spaces, which have defied rigorous interpretation and yet are effective in practice according to explicit recipes in physics. For example, the Standard Model of particle physics successfully predicts to a dozen decimals experimental results from high-energy colliders such as CERN or SLAC. Quantum field theory has enjoyed several important successes in the last two decades where a number of models were constructed despite the difficulties described above. In all these cases, the theory admits a large family of symmetries, and the problematic infinite-dimensional averages reduce to averages over smaller ensembles, called moduli spaces, which are in many cases finite-dimensional and permit mathematically rigorous calculations. Also, low-dimensional models unifying gravity with quantum theory have been developed successfully, and the key geometrical objects are again moduli spaces. Quantum geometry, so-named since the quantization arises from geometric methods designed to make a passage from classical geometry to quantum theory, plays the fundamental role in all these constructions. -
Spring 2014 Fine Letters
Spring 2014 Issue 3 Department of Mathematics Department of Mathematics Princeton University Fine Hall, Washington Rd. Princeton, NJ 08544 Department Chair’s letter The department is continuing its period of Assistant to the Chair and to the Depart- transition and renewal. Although long- ment Manager, and Will Crow as Faculty The Wolf time faculty members John Conway and Assistant. The uniform opinion of the Ed Nelson became emeriti last July, we faculty and staff is that we made great Prize for look forward to many years of Ed being choices. Peter amongst us and for John continuing to hold Among major faculty honors Alice Chang Sarnak court in his “office” in the nook across from became a member of the Academia Sinica, Professor Peter Sarnak will be awarded this the common room. We are extremely Elliott Lieb became a Foreign Member of year’s Wolf Prize in Mathematics. delighted that Fernando Coda Marques and the Royal Society, John Mather won the The prize is awarded annually by the Wolf Assaf Naor (last Fall’s Minerva Lecturer) Brouwer Prize, Sophie Morel won the in- Foundation in the fields of agriculture, will be joining us as full professors in augural AWM-Microsoft Research prize in chemistry, mathematics, medicine, physics, Alumni , faculty, students, friends, connect with us, write to us at September. Algebra and Number Theory, Peter Sarnak and the arts. The award will be presented Our finishing graduate students did very won the Wolf Prize, and Yasha Sinai the by Israeli President Shimon Peres on June [email protected] well on the job market with four win- Abel Prize. -
Floer Homology, Gauge Theory, and Low-Dimensional Topology
Floer Homology, Gauge Theory, and Low-Dimensional Topology Clay Mathematics Proceedings Volume 5 Floer Homology, Gauge Theory, and Low-Dimensional Topology Proceedings of the Clay Mathematics Institute 2004 Summer School Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics Budapest, Hungary June 5–26, 2004 David A. Ellwood Peter S. Ozsváth András I. Stipsicz Zoltán Szabó Editors American Mathematical Society Clay Mathematics Institute 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 57R17, 57R55, 57R57, 57R58, 53D05, 53D40, 57M27, 14J26. The cover illustrates a Kinoshita-Terasaka knot (a knot with trivial Alexander polyno- mial), and two Kauffman states. These states represent the two generators of the Heegaard Floer homology of the knot in its topmost filtration level. The fact that these elements are homologically non-trivial can be used to show that the Seifert genus of this knot is two, a result first proved by David Gabai. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Clay Mathematics Institute. Summer School (2004 : Budapest, Hungary) Floer homology, gauge theory, and low-dimensional topology : proceedings of the Clay Mathe- matics Institute 2004 Summer School, Alfr´ed R´enyi Institute of Mathematics, Budapest, Hungary, June 5–26, 2004 / David A. Ellwood ...[et al.], editors. p. cm. — (Clay mathematics proceedings, ISSN 1534-6455 ; v. 5) ISBN 0-8218-3845-8 (alk. paper) 1. Low-dimensional topology—Congresses. 2. Symplectic geometry—Congresses. 3. Homol- ogy theory—Congresses. 4. Gauge fields (Physics)—Congresses. I. Ellwood, D. (David), 1966– II. Title. III. Series. QA612.14.C55 2004 514.22—dc22 2006042815 Copying and reprinting. Material in this book may be reproduced by any means for educa- tional and scientific purposes without fee or permission with the exception of reproduction by ser- vices that collect fees for delivery of documents and provided that the customary acknowledgment of the source is given. -
Man and Machine Thinking About the Smooth 4-Dimensional Poincaré
Quantum Topology 1 (2010), xxx{xxx Quantum Topology c European Mathematical Society Man and machine thinking about the smooth 4-dimensional Poincar´econjecture. Michael Freedman, Robert Gompf, Scott Morrison and Kevin Walker Mathematics Subject Classification (2000).57R60 ; 57N13; 57M25 Keywords.Property R, Cappell-Shaneson spheres, Khovanov homology, s-invariant, Poincar´e conjecture Abstract. While topologists have had possession of possible counterexamples to the smooth 4-dimensional Poincar´econjecture (SPC4) for over 30 years, until recently no invariant has existed which could potentially distinguish these examples from the standard 4-sphere. Rasmussen's s- invariant, a slice obstruction within the general framework of Khovanov homology, changes this state of affairs. We studied a class of knots K for which nonzero s(K) would yield a counterexample to SPC4. Computations are extremely costly and we had only completed two tests for those K, with the computations showing that s was 0, when a landmark posting of Akbulut [3] altered the terrain. His posting, appearing only six days after our initial posting, proved that the family of \Cappell{Shaneson" homotopy spheres that we had geared up to study were in fact all standard. The method we describe remains viable but will have to be applied to other examples. Akbulut's work makes SPC4 seem more plausible, and in another section of this paper we explain that SPC4 is equivalent to an appropriate generalization of Property R (\in S3, only an unknot can yield S1 × S2 under surgery"). We hope that this observation, and the rich relations between Property R and ideas such as taut foliations, contact geometry, and Heegaard Floer homology, will encourage 3-manifold topologists to look at SPC4. -
Mom Technology and Volumes of Hyperbolic 3-Manifolds 3
1 MOM TECHNOLOGY AND VOLUMES OF HYPERBOLIC 3-MANIFOLDS DAVID GABAI, ROBERT MEYERHOFF, AND PETER MILLEY 0. Introduction This paper is the first in a series whose goal is to understand the structure of low-volume complete orientable hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Here we introduce Mom technology and enumerate the hyperbolic Mom-n manifolds for n ≤ 4. Our long- term goal is to show that all low-volume closed and cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds are obtained by filling a hyperbolic Mom-n manifold, n ≤ 4 and to enumerate the low-volume manifolds obtained by filling such a Mom-n. William Thurston has long promoted the idea that volume is a good measure of the complexity of a hyperbolic 3-manifold (see, for example, [Th1] page 6.48). Among known low-volume manifolds, Jeff Weeks ([We]) and independently Sergei Matveev and Anatoly Fomenko ([MF]) have observed that there is a close con- nection between the volume of closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds and combinatorial complexity. One goal of this project is to explain this phenomenon, which is sum- marized by the following: Hyperbolic Complexity Conjecture 0.1. (Thurston, Weeks, Matveev-Fomenko) The complete low-volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds can be obtained by filling cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds of small topological complexity. Remark 0.2. Part of the challenge of this conjecture is to clarify the undefined adjectives low and small. In the late 1970’s, Troels Jorgensen proved that for any positive constant C there is a finite collection of cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds from which all complete hyperbolic 3-manifolds of volume less than or equal to C can be obtained by Dehn filling. -
Letter from the Chair Celebrating the Lives of John and Alicia Nash
Spring 2016 Issue 5 Department of Mathematics Princeton University Letter From the Chair Celebrating the Lives of John and Alicia Nash We cannot look back on the past Returning from one of the crowning year without first commenting on achievements of a long and storied the tragic loss of John and Alicia career, John Forbes Nash, Jr. and Nash, who died in a car accident on his wife Alicia were killed in a car their way home from the airport last accident on May 23, 2015, shock- May. They were returning from ing the department, the University, Norway, where John Nash was and making headlines around the awarded the 2015 Abel Prize from world. the Norwegian Academy of Sci- ence and Letters. As a 1994 Nobel Nash came to Princeton as a gradu- Prize winner and a senior research ate student in 1948. His Ph.D. thesis, mathematician in our department “Non-cooperative games” (Annals for many years, Nash maintained a of Mathematics, Vol 54, No. 2, 286- steady presence in Fine Hall, and he 95) became a seminal work in the and Alicia are greatly missed. Their then-fledgling field of game theory, life and work was celebrated during and laid the path for his 1994 Nobel a special event in October. Memorial Prize in Economics. After finishing his Ph.D. in 1950, Nash This has been a very busy and pro- held positions at the Massachusetts ductive year for our department, and Institute of Technology and the In- we have happily hosted conferences stitute for Advanced Study, where 1950s Nash began to suffer from and workshops that have attracted the breadth of his work increased. -
New Trends in Teichmüller Theory and Mapping Class Groups
Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach Report No. 40/2018 DOI: 10.4171/OWR/2018/40 New Trends in Teichm¨uller Theory and Mapping Class Groups Organised by Ken’ichi Ohshika, Osaka Athanase Papadopoulos, Strasbourg Robert C. Penner, Bures-sur-Yvette Anna Wienhard, Heidelberg 2 September – 8 September 2018 Abstract. In this workshop, various topics in Teichm¨uller theory and map- ping class groups were discussed. Twenty-three talks dealing with classical topics and new directions in this field were given. A problem session was organised on Thursday, and we compiled in this report the problems posed there. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): Primary: 32G15, 30F60, 30F20, 30F45; Secondary: 57N16, 30C62, 20G05, 53A35, 30F45, 14H45, 20F65 IMU Classification: 4 (Geometry); 5 (Topology). Introduction by the Organisers The workshop New Trends in Teichm¨uller Theory and Mapping Class Groups, organised by Ken’ichi Ohshika (Osaka), Athanase Papadopoulos (Strasbourg), Robert Penner (Bures-sur-Yvette) and Anna Wienhard (Heidelberg) was attended by 50 participants, including a number of young researchers, with broad geo- graphic representation from Europe, Asia and the USA. During the five days of the workshop, 23 talks were given, and on Thursday evening, a problem session was organised. Teichm¨uller theory originates in the work of Teichm¨uller on quasi-conformal maps in the 1930s, and the study of mapping class groups was started by Dehn and Nielsen in the 1920s. The subjects are closely interrelated, since the mapping class group is the -
Trustees, Administration, Faculty
Section Six Trustees, Administration, Faculty 546 Trustees, Administration, Faculty OFFICERS Robert B. Chess (2006) Chairman Nektar Therapeutics Kent Kresa, C hairman Lounette M. Dyer (1998) David L. Lee, V ice Chairman Gilad I. Elbaz (2008) Founder Jean-Lou Chameau, President Factual Inc. Edward M. Stolper, Provost William T. Gross (1994) C hairman and Founder Dean W. Currie Idealab V ice President for Business and Frederick J. Hameetman (2006) Finance Chairman Charles Elachi Cal American Vice President and Director, Jet R obert T. Jenkins (2005) Propulsion Laboratory Peter D. Kaufman (2008) Peter D. Hero Chairman and CEO Vice President for Glenair, Inc. Development and Institute Jon Faiz Kayyem (2006) Relations CEO Sharon E. Patterson Osmetech PLC Associate Vice President for Louise Kirkbride (1995) Finance and Treasurer Board Member Scott Richland State of California Contractors Chief Investment Officer State License Board Anneila I. Sargent Jon B. Kutler (2005) Vice President for Student Chairman and CEO Affairs Admiralty Partners, Inc. Victoria D. Stratman Louis J. Lavigne Jr. (2009) General Counsel Management Consultant Mary L. Webster Lavigne Group Secretary David Li Lee (2000) Managing General Partner Clarity Partners, L.P. BOARD OF TRUSTEES York Liao (1997) Managing Director Winbridge Company Ltd. Trustees Alexander Lidow (1998) (with date of first election) CEO EPC Corporation Robert C. Bonner (2008) Ronald K. Linde (1989) Senior Partner Independent Investor Sentinel HS Group, L.L.C. Chair, The Ronald and Maxine Brigitte M. Bren (2009) Linde Foundation John E. Bryson (2005) Founder/Former CEO Chairman and CEO (Retired) Envirodyne Industries, Inc. Edison International Shirley M. Malcom (1999) Jean-Lou Chameau (2006) Director, Education and Human President Resources Programs California Institute of Technology American Association for the Milton Chang (2005) Advancement of Science Managing Director Deborah McWhinney (2007) President Incubic Venture Capital 547 John S. -
Intellectual Generosity & the Reward Structure of Mathematics
This is a preprint of an article forthcoming in Synthese. Intellectual Generosity & The Reward Structure Of Mathematics Rebecca Lea Morris April 9, 2020 Abstract Prominent mathematician William Thurston was praised by other mathematicians for his intellectual generosity. But what does it mean to say Thurston was intellectually generous? And is being intellectually generous beneficial? To answer these questions I turn to virtue epistemology and, in particular, Roberts and Wood's (2007) analysis of intellectual generosity. By appealing to Thurston's own writings and interviewing mathematicians who knew and worked with him, I argue that Roberts and Wood's analysis nicely captures the sense in which he was intellectually generous. I then argue that intellectual generosity is beneficial because it counteracts negative effects of the reward structure of mathematics that can stymie mathematical progress. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Virtue Epistemology 2 3 William Thurston 4 4 Reflections on Thurston & Intellectual Generosity 10 5 The Benefits of Intellectual Generosity: Overcoming Problems with the Reward Structure of Mathematics 13 6 Concluding Remarks 19 1 Introduction William Thurston (1946 { 2012) was described by his fellow mathematicians as an intel- lectually generous person. This raises two questions: (i) What does it mean to say that Thurston was intellectually generous?; (ii) Is being intellectually generous beneficial? To answer these questions I turn to virtue epistemology. I answer question (i) by showing that Roberts and Wood's (2007) analysis nicely captures Thurston's intellectual generosity. To answer question (ii) I first show that the reward structure of mathematics can hinder 1 This is a preprint of an article forthcoming in Synthese. -
Notices of the American Mathematical Society ABCD Springer.Com
ISSN 0002-9920 Notices of the American Mathematical Society ABCD springer.com Visit Springer at the of the American Mathematical Society 2010 Joint Mathematics December 2009 Volume 56, Number 11 Remembering John Stallings Meeting! page 1410 The Quest for Universal Spaces in Dimension Theory page 1418 A Trio of Institutes page 1426 7 Stop by the Springer booths and browse over 200 print books and over 1,000 ebooks! Our new touch-screen technology lets you browse titles with a single touch. It not only lets you view an entire book online, it also lets you order it as well. It’s as easy as 1-2-3. Volume 56, Number 11, Pages 1401–1520, December 2009 7 Sign up for 6 weeks free trial access to any of our over 100 journals, and enter to win a Kindle! 7 Find out about our new, revolutionary LaTeX product. Curious? Stop by to find out more. 2010 JMM 014494x Adrien-Marie Legendre and Joseph Fourier (see page 1455) Trim: 8.25" x 10.75" 120 pages on 40 lb Velocity • Spine: 1/8" • Print Cover on 9pt Carolina ,!4%8 ,!4%8 ,!4%8 AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY For the Avid Reader 1001 Problems in Mathematics under the Classical Number Theory Microscope Jean-Marie De Koninck, Université Notes on Cognitive Aspects of Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, and Mathematical Practice Armel Mercier, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, QC, Canada Alexandre V. Borovik, University of Manchester, United Kingdom 2007; 336 pages; Hardcover; ISBN: 978-0- 2010; approximately 331 pages; Hardcover; ISBN: 8218-4224-9; List US$49; AMS members 978-0-8218-4761-9; List US$59; AMS members US$47; Order US$39; Order code PINT code MBK/71 Bourbaki Making TEXTBOOK A Secret Society of Mathematics Mathematicians Come to Life Maurice Mashaal, Pour la Science, Paris, France A Guide for Teachers and Students 2006; 168 pages; Softcover; ISBN: 978-0- O. -
January 2013 Prizes and Awards
January 2013 Prizes and Awards 4:25 P.M., Thursday, January 10, 2013 PROGRAM SUMMARY OF AWARDS OPENING REMARKS FOR AMS Eric Friedlander, President LEVI L. CONANT PRIZE: JOHN BAEZ, JOHN HUERTA American Mathematical Society E. H. MOORE RESEARCH ARTICLE PRIZE: MICHAEL LARSEN, RICHARD PINK DEBORAH AND FRANKLIN TEPPER HAIMO AWARDS FOR DISTINGUISHED COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY DAVID P. ROBBINS PRIZE: ALEXANDER RAZBOROV TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS RUTH LYTTLE SATTER PRIZE IN MATHEMATICS: MARYAM MIRZAKHANI Mathematical Association of America LEROY P. STEELE PRIZE FOR LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT: YAKOV SINAI EULER BOOK PRIZE LEROY P. STEELE PRIZE FOR MATHEMATICAL EXPOSITION: JOHN GUCKENHEIMER, PHILIP HOLMES Mathematical Association of America LEROY P. STEELE PRIZE FOR SEMINAL CONTRIBUTION TO RESEARCH: SAHARON SHELAH LEVI L. CONANT PRIZE OSWALD VEBLEN PRIZE IN GEOMETRY: IAN AGOL, DANIEL WISE American Mathematical Society DAVID P. ROBBINS PRIZE FOR AMS-SIAM American Mathematical Society NORBERT WIENER PRIZE IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS: ANDREW J. MAJDA OSWALD VEBLEN PRIZE IN GEOMETRY FOR AMS-MAA-SIAM American Mathematical Society FRANK AND BRENNIE MORGAN PRIZE FOR OUTSTANDING RESEARCH IN MATHEMATICS BY ALICE T. SCHAFER PRIZE FOR EXCELLENCE IN MATHEMATICS BY AN UNDERGRADUATE WOMAN AN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT: FAN WEI Association for Women in Mathematics FOR AWM LOUISE HAY AWARD FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS EDUCATION LOUISE HAY AWARD FOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO MATHEMATICS EDUCATION: AMY COHEN Association for Women in Mathematics M. GWENETH HUMPHREYS AWARD FOR MENTORSHIP OF UNDERGRADUATE -
October Issue
Department of Mathematical Sciences ⋆⋆⋆ DMS Newsletter ⋆⋆⋆ 2018 October Issue Lincoln University & Princeton University Departmental Partnership On Tuesday, October 23, 2018, the Department of Mathematical Sciences had the pleasure of hosting Dr. David Gabai, chair of the Department of Mathematics at Princeton University. Dr. Gabai’s visit began with a meeting with our own chair, Dr. Claude Tameze, where the two brainstormed about realizing common and complementary goals shared by Lincoln University’s Department of Mathematical Sciences and the Department of Mathematics at Princeton University. The chairs were later joined by our faculty, who provided valuable input and feedback to the discussion. These meetings were followed by lunch at the Faculty Lounge. In the afternoon, Dr. Gabai gave a presentation to the math majors and faculty of our department. Dr. Gabai began with a description the fields of topology and knot theory. In doing so, he encouraged our students to think of working on frontier problems in mathematics, describing such research as analogous to creating a recipe for a new meal, with ingredients built from the course material of one’s undergraduate and graduate programs. Dr. Gabai is a mathematician working in the fields of low-dimensional topology and hyperbolic geometry. He is currently Chair of the Mathematics Department at Princeton University, and is the Hughes-Rogers Professor of Mathematics. Dr. Gabai earned his B.S. degree in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and his Ph.D. from Princeton under the direction of William Thurston. He was awarded the Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry in 2004 and was an invited speaker on Topology at the ICM in Kyoto (1990) and the International Congress of Mathematicians in Lincoln University ⋆⋆⋆ Department of Mathematical Sciences © 2018 DMS Page 1 Department of Mathematical Sciences ⋆⋆⋆ DMS Newsletter ⋆⋆⋆ 2018 October Issue Hyderabad (2010).