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wimmummtmmuntifiummiummiummmommumwffimmiummummummulmtmminammmmunnummmumummummumummr—Th' 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111101 TURNING TO CISAR LIBERTY Proclaim liberty throughout all the land unto all the inhabitants thereof. Lev. 25:10.

VoL. III FIRST QUARTER, 1908 No.

Survey of the Field

United States. — There seems to be in over eleven hundred indictments by the throughout the country a steady growth grand jury for Sunday work within its in the demand for religious legislation, but jurisdiction. In Chicago twenty-two relig- mostly, at the present time, along the line ious and reform organizations (Protestant of the Sunday closing of saloons. This, and Catholic) have united in demanding put forth as a temperance a closed Sunday for that measure, is forming prec- city. The Chicago offi- edents for future legisla- cials have not yet yielded tion of a more decided to the demands of these religious stamp. In New bodies. A decision ren- York City, Chicago, Kan- dered by Justice O'Gor- sas City, and Washington, man, of the New York D. C., active campaigns ' supreme court, declared are being conducted at the all Sunday shows, dances, present time in the inter- and entertainments ille- ests of. stricter Sunday gal. Police Commissioner observance. In various Bingham at once declared cities special days have his purpose of enforcing been set apart by the the Sunday law in har- clergy for working up a mony with Justice O'Gor- Sunday-enforcement senti- man's decision, and as a ment in their respective result for several Sundays churches. Certain relig- in succession everything in ious journals have had the nature of an entertain- much to say concerning ment, even illustrated lec- the playing of such tures in Y. M. C. A. halls, games as baseball and in New York City, was football on Sunday by JUSTICE O'GORMAN prohibited. But this Puri- soldiers and sailors on tanical Sunday was not government reservations, and strongly appreciated even by the Sunday-enforce- worded protests have been sent to Pres- ment advocates, and the police commis- ident Roosevelt and the Secretary of the sioner has tempered his orders to the police Navy against the Sunday games. The gov- force to such an extent that entertainments ernment has not yet seen fit to suppress of a certain class be permitted. The these games. The work done by Judge police are to exercise their discretion in the Wallace, of Kansa's City, Mo, has resulted matter. Already there is a tendency to 2 LIBERTY swing back to the old order of things. In be there on the first closed Sunday. Trade other and smaller cities similar drastic ac- was more fully suspended than in most tion has been threatened. American cities, but there will be little The question of whether Christmas gain in that with every evil resort left services should be conducted in the public open to make money and mischief." Just schools, in which Jewish children would as it was in the Dark Ages, when occupa- be required to participate in Christian tions were prohibited on Sunday, the people songs, has provoked an interminable amount went to the shows. Then the religious of discussion. Nearly all the press utter- overseers of the government had laws en- ances we have seen upon the controversy acted compelling the people to go to church. have been to this effect : " This is a Chris- That is the next logical step; and as our tian country, and if the Jews do not like it, religious politicians to-day can not accom- they do not need to come here,"— thus plish their object without taking it, will utterly repudiating the principles of Christ, they hesitate to take the step? In the and overlooking the fact that in this matter of the separation of church and country, church and state are supposed to state in France, many Catholics are claim- be separated. The same can be said of the ing that it has been a good thing; their discussion concerning the omission of the fears of disaster have not been realized; motto on the gold coins of the United the number of candidates for the priest- States. The kernel of wisdom to be ob- hood has not been lessened; and the priests tained from this latter discussion is this: have been brought into closer touch with If we fail to declare ourselves a Christ- the people. And yet the French govern- ian nation (when we are not), God will ment is severely denounced by Catholics fail to recognize us as a Christian nation everywhere for making the separation; and (when we are not) ; and that if we do not wherever Rome has a grasp upon any nationally recognize him by stamping his country, she not only seeks to maintain name on our coins, he will not recognize her grasp, but to strengthen it, as is the us individually, or put his name upon us. case now in South American countries. The discussion has shown plainly that very Germany.— A press report from Berlin many good people who profess to believe says: " The ' English Sunday' is not in the separation of church and state do not wanted in Germany." A campaign has been know what such a condition means; and if entered upon in Germany to bring about they did, they would be against it, and a stricter observance of Sunday by intro- would be in favor of a union of the state ducing some of the rigid laws which gov- with the church,— their church,— and the ern the observance of that day in England. enforcement of its religious rites and cere- Mass meetings have been held to protest monies by law. against laws to enforce a stricter observ- It is now proposed that the great " Lay- ance of the day. But the Germans of some men's Missionary Movement " shall turn sections, notably Frankfort, are getting a its attention to the work of securing a rather' close copy of the "English Sunday." better observance of Sunday. Laws clo- In Frankfort the theaters, restaurants, and sing saloons on Sunday have been declared tram-cars are about the only concerns that constitutional by the Supreme Court of are doing business. Asked how this con- the United States. dition was brought about against the will of the people, the reply was made: " The France.— Rev. W. F. Crafts, in the authorities thought it would be a benefit, Northwestern Christian Advocate of Dec. and so it was done. We must sometimes II, 1907, says of conditions in France: introduce reforms against the will of the " France having long tried the ' holiday public. And the Jews ?— In Frankfort, Sunday,' and found it a work day, has where the Jews are numerous, not a mur- mur seems to have been heard. The good turned from the solitary position it long Jews take their two Sundays instead of occupied as the only civilized nation having one, and make no fuss about it —perhaps no Sunday law. It was our privilege to because it would be of no use." Editorial

Temperance Reform by the restriction of the traffic in intox- icating liquors, while hundreds of volumes THE minds of the people of the District would be insufficient to contain the record of Columbia are being agitated over the of disaster, crime, and decay directly trace- temperance question, and earnest efforts able to intemperance. are being put forth to secure from Con- For these reasons, and because we regard gress legislation which shall prohibit the it as within the proper sphere of civil gov- sale of spirituous liquors within this terri- ernment to legislate upon a question so in- tory, which is under its exclusive control. timately connected with the life, liberty, We heartily favor this effort for the prohi- and pursuit of happiness of all citizens. bition of the liquor traffic, for the following we make this plea, and, if opportunity of- reasons: — fers, shall cast our votes, in favor of pro- t. Intemperance is one of the greatest hibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors in foes to national life and prosperity. the District of Columbia. 2. Intemperance undermines the very foundations of civil society. 3. Intemperance unfits the citizen for the Church and State proper discharge of his duties either in Our Ground of Opposition private or public life. 4. Intemperance leads to the disregard WE desire that it shall be distinctly un- of the natural rights of man, and, conse- derstood that we do not advocate the com- quently, to the increase of crime. plete separation of church and state, or of 5. Intemperance is the most effective religion and government, because of hostil- agent in filling the courts with criminal ity either to the church or religion on the cases and the jails and prisons with con- one hand, or to the state or civil government victs. on the other hand. We profess the religion 6. Intemperance imposes a burden upon of Jesus Christ and labor for the coming society by subtracting from the producing of his kingdom. We accept the instruc- power and adding to the consuming power. tion of the Scriptures : " Let every soul be 7. Intemperance changes homes into subject unto the higher powers. For there hells; and hells do not constitute a safe is no power but of God: the powers that foundation for civil government and na- be are ordained of God." We stand upon tional existence. This was well expressed the true American idea of the relation be- by the Indian chief who thus summed up tween the church and the state, which has the effects of " fire-water " upon his peo- been well expressed, as far as this phase ple: " Once we were powerful ; we were a of it is concerned, by Dr. Philip Schaff great nation; our young men were many; in these words: — our lodges were full of children ; our ene- Finally — and this we would emphasize mies feared us. . . . Now we are very poor ; as especially important in our time the we are weak; nobody fears us; our lodges American system differs radically and fun- are empty; our hunting-grounds deserted ; damentally from the infidel and red-repub- our council fires are gone out." lican theory of religious freedom. The word freedom is one of the most abused 8, Intemperance tends to produce an in- words in the vocabulary. True liberty is digent class, an unemployed class, an igno- a positive force, regulated by law; false rant class, and an unprincipled class,— the liberty is a negative force, a release from greatest foes of society and republican in- restraint. True liberty is the moral power of self-government; the liberty of infidels stitutions. and anarchists is carnal licentiousness. 9. History furnishes no example where The American separation of church and a nation or an individual has been injured state rests on respect for the church ; the 4 LIBERTY

infidel separation, on indifference and hatred eral government to intermeddle with relig- of the church, and of religion itself. ion. Its least interference with it would We oppose any semblance of a union of he a most flagrant usurpation."— Madison. church and state, or of religion and govern- We protest against Sunday laws, be- ment, because we believe it to be detri- cause, as expressed in the protest which mental to the best interest of both, and we gave rise to Protestantism, " in matters of do this as Christians who believe in the conscience the majority has no power." Christian idea of the relation which should We protest against Sunday laws, because, exist between them. Time will demonstrate while frequently urged as temperance and again, as it has demonstrated in the past, other reform measures, their real and ulti- that this is the right attitude for the truest mate object is the compulsory observance friends both of the church and the state. of the day. We protest against Sunday laws, because, although professedly in the interest of the A Sunday Law Campaign laboring man, they really enslave all labor. NEARLY all the Protestant ministers of The assumption of the right to forbid hon- the city of Washington, D. C., have united est labor on one day involves the right to with the Catholic clergy in an effort to se- forbid it on any or all days. cure the better observance of Sunday, and We protest against Sunday laws, because one of the methods by which it is pro- they are an attempt to enforce religion posed to accomplish this result is by in- under the plea for physical rest. The fal- ducing Congress to pass a Sunday law for lacy of this plea is exposed by Mr. W. F. the District of Columbia.* Crafts, himself a prominent Sunday-law We grant the right of any body of men advocate, who says : " A weekly day of to seek by all proper means to influence rest has never been permanently secured public opinion in favor of their religious in any land except on the basis of religious views; but when they attempt to use the obligation. Take the religion out, and you law-making power to compel others to act take the rest out." in harmony with their religious views, we We protest against Sunday laws, because, enter an emphatic protest. We recognize as Neander informs us, they were the means civil government as of divine origin, but through which church and state were united believe in the total separation of church in the fourth century, and instead of pre- and state, as enunciated by the Author of serving the Roman empire, they contrib- Christianity in these words: " Render uted largely to its downfall. to Caesar the things that are Cxsar's, and We protest against Sunday laws, because to God the things that are God's." they interfere with the religious freedom We protest against Sunday laws, because even of those who regard Sunday as the such legislation is religious legislation, and Lord's day. the passing of such laws is a long step We protest against Sunday laws, because toward the union of church and state. their whole tendency is to make men hypo- We protest against Sunday laws, because crites instead of Christians. " there is not a shadow of right in the gen- We protest against Sunday laws, because, in the words of James Madison, " a just *Already five Sunday bills have been intro- government, instituted to secure and per- duced into the present session of Congress; two on Dec. 5, 1907, one " to further protect the first petuate it [public liberty], . . . will be best day of the week as a day of rest in the District supported by protecting every citizen in of Columbia," and another " prohibiting labor the enjoyment of his religion with the same on buildings, and so forth, in the District of Columbia on the Sabbath day ; " another, on De- equal hand which protects his person and cember 9, " to prevent Sunday banking in post- his property; by neither invading the equal offices in the handling of money-orders and rights of any sect nor suffering any sect to registered letters " in the mail service of the United States ; and two others for the District invade those of another." of Columbia. on Jan. 13 and 14, 1908. We protest against Sunday laws, because LIBERTY 5

" the duty that we owe to our Creator, and God, not against man. To God, therefore, the manner of discharging it, can be di- not to man, must an account of it be ren- rected only by reason and conviction, and dered." is nowhere cognizable but at the tribunal of We protest against Sunday laws, because the universal Judge." to enact such laws " will destroy that mod- We protest against Sunday laws, because eration and harmony which the forbear- we maintain that " in matters of religion ance of our laws to intermeddle with re- no man's right is abridged by the institu- ligion has produced among its several tions of civil society, and that religion is sects." wholly exempt from its cognizance." We protest against Sunday laws, because We protest against Sunday laws, because we are fully convinced that it is for the it is the very genius of Christianity to grant best interest both of the church and the to every man the right to believe the gospel state that they shall be kept entirely sepa- or not to believe it, to obey the divine law rate, and that religion will be purer, and or not obey it; and what the Author of civil government more useful to mankind, Christianity has granted, no human author- if no attempt is made to unite the two. ity has the right to abridge or take away. We protest against Sunday laws, because We protest against Sunday laws, because they degrade the whole idea of Sabbath they commit the law-making body to the observance to a mere outward ceremony and settlement of a religious controversy,— a secular affair, as is evidenced by the advo- thing entirely foreign to the purpose for cates of such legislation attempting to jus- which it was instituted. tify their demands by the invention of the We protest against Sunday laws, because fiction of " a civil sabbath." " the church which connives in the smallest We protest against Sunday laws, because degree at the state's intrusion upon her their primary purpose is to protect a relig- domain, has abandoned in toto her claims ious institution, rather than to protect all to be a Christian church. . . . She sinks at citizens in the enjoyment of their natural once to a mere bureau of government."— and inalienable rights. Ringgold. And, finally, in behalf of the common We protest against Sunday laws, as rights of all citizens, in behalf of that every true Protestant ought to do, because Christianity which we profess, in behalf Sunday laws will necessarily bring matters of the state, whose highest prosperity we of religious faith before the courts for ad- desire, in behalf of those believers who judication, and, as stated in the memorial differ from us in religious faith, in behalf of the Presbytery of Hanover to the Gen- of the unbeliever whose rights we respect, eral Assembly of Virginia in 1776, " it is in behalf of all sorts and conditions of impossible for the magistrate to adjudge men — we protest against this demand for a the right of preference among the various return to those legal enactments which have sects that profess the Christian faith with- darkened the pages of history in other lands, out erecting a chair of infallibility, which and which, if adopted, will exhibit to the would lead us back to the Church of world the melancholy spectacle of the aban- Rome." donment of those principles which have dis- We protest against Sunday laws, because tinguished this country above the other na- (to quote Madison again), " whilst we as- tions of the earth as being one which, as sert for ourselves a freedom to embrace, stated by Bancroft, has " dared to set the to profess, and to observe, the religion example of accepting in its relations to which we believe to be of divine origin, God the principle first divinely ordained of we can not deny an equal freedom to them God in Judea, . . . and not from indiffer- whose minds have not yet yielded to the ence, but that the infinite Spirit of eternal evidence which has convinced us. If this truth might move in its freedom and purity freedom is abused, it is an offense against and power." 6 LIBERTY

ideals, then the criticisms of the gentleman Caesar's Superscription from Texas would perhaps be justifiable. THE question of the motto on the coins But do we strengthen our faith or reverently exhibit it by blazoning it upon our coinage? has been brought to the attention of Con- Following along the line of argument gress by the introduction into the House of the gentleman from Texas, it would be of Representatives of a bill directing that as appropriate to place this motto upon the words " In God We Trust" should be all the commissions and other documents retained upon the coins of the United that are issued by the United States. Let me close by reading the words of that par- States. The author of this bill (Mr. Shep- able which, as I have said, show the proper pard of Texas) made a speech in its favor time and place and manner of displaying while the House was in committee of the our faith in Omnipotence and the propriety whole on Tuesday, of discrim- inating between January 7. Mr. things worldly and Boutell of Illinois things divine. I read followed with a from the twenty- brief speech, which second chapter of we quote in full:— the Gospel accord- ing to St. Matthew, Mr. Chairman, I beginning at the fif- have listened, as I teenth verse :- am sure all the 1 5. Then went the members of the Pharisees, and took committee have lis- counsel how they tened, not only with might entangle him in great pleasure but his talk. with profit, to the 16. And they sent eloquent remarks of unto him their dis- the scholarly gen- ciples with the Hero- tleman from Texas, dians, saying, Master, and I think we wi:1 we know that thou art all concede that in true, and teachest the way of God in truth, every fit and appro- neither carest thou for priate way the any man : for thou re- American people gardest not the person should show to the of men. world that we are a 17. Tell us, there- God-fearing people. CONGRESSMAN H. S. BOUTELL, OF ILLINOIS fore, What thinkest No nation has ever thou? Is it lawful to had greater cause to thank Providence for give tribute unto Caesar, or not? the career which it has had in its national i8. But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and life. But it seems to me, Mr. Chairman, said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites? there is an appropriate time and an appro- to. Show me the tribute money. And they brought unto him a penny. priate manner to show that trust in an 20. And he saith unto them, Whose is this overruling Providence. image and superscription? I presume that the appropriateness of 21. They say unto him, Cmsar's. Then saith time and place and manner of rendering he unto them, Render therefore unto Cxsar the unto God the things that are God's was things which are Cmsar's ; and unto God the never better shown than in that remarkable things that are God's. parable in which a coin was used as an 22. When they had heard these words, they illustration with such convincing effect. marveled and left him, and went their way. The way in which to show, Mr. Chairman. This doctrine was sufficient warrant for our trust in God is in our lives as indi- the course pursued by the President, who viduals and in our influence as a nation. has displayed good judgment, discrimina- There are, however, occasions whore the ting taste, and a proper reverence. Mr. Chairman, let me repeat in closing,, expression of our faith would be untimely that the place to show the faith to which and therefore irreverent. If the removal the gentleman from Texas has so beauti- of this legend indicates that we have lost fully alluded is in the lives of our citizens our faith as a people, or that the president and in the influence of our government, in approving its removal was lacking in and let us make our coinage the sound proper reverence and regard for national coinage of a faith-keeping commonwealth. LIBERTY 7

A State Religion Advocated 5. Certain laws are designated as " re- lating to morality," but evidently intended IN an editorial in the Christian States- to be understood as " relating to religion," man for January we find a statement of the National Reform view of state religion as and thus the state is held committed to follows: — morality based upon its religion. 6. Having, then, a religion and a mor- We do not want the state to do the work ality, the state should teach them. of the church. We simply want it to do its 7. The state religion is not a sectarian own work. The question then is, Has the state any religion of its own to teach ? — re'igion, and does not infringe on any one's It certainly has. It makes use of the doc- rights. trine of a personal God in its use of the 8. This religion of the state should in- oath. The first day of the week is generally clude a declaration of allegiance to Jesus regarded as a dies non in the sphere of national life, and this custom is based on Christ. the Christian belief that it is sacred to the 9. It should include the acceptance of memory of our Lord, who rose from the the moral laws of the Christian religion. dead on that day. We have numerous laws 10. There should be a distinct recognition relating to morality, which all citizens that this is a Christian nation by putting should be acquainted with, since they are expected to observe them, and may lay the nation's Christianity on " an undeniable themselves open to fine or imprisonment legal basis." unless they do. The state, then, has a There are certain conclusions which will religion and a system of morality based inevitably follow from this state re:igion upon it. The state, therefore, should teach its own religious princip'es and that platform of principles. Here are some of system of morals which is founded upon it. them : — This is vastly different from teaching sec- I. The state religion of this country is tarian religion. It infringes on no one's the Christian religion, and that interpreta- rights. tion of the Christian religion which de- In its published prospectus the Statesman mands a belief in a personal God, in Jesus declares that it is designed, among other Christ and his resurrection from the dead, things,— and in the first day of the week, commonly to secure such an amendment to the Consti- called Sunday, as a day to be observed as tution of the United States as will declare the Lord's day. the nation's allegiance to Jesus Christ and 2. its acceptance of the moral laws of the Inasmuch as it does not infringe on Christian religion, and to indicate that this the rights of any one for the state to teach is a Christian nation, and place all the the Christian religion, and this particular Christian laws, institutions, and usages of interpretation of that religion, it must fol- our government on an undeniable legal low that no one has any right to refuse to basis in the fundamental law of the land. believe the Christian religion, and this par- By putting these two paragraphs .to- ticular interpretation of that religion. gether, we can get a pretty clear idea of the 3. All the citizens of this country should National Reform conception of the relation be compelled to adopt the Christian re:ig- between religion and the state. We deduce ion as the state religion by suitable amend- from them these conclusions : — ment to the Constitution. t. The state already has a religion. 4. There should be formed the closest 2. There is, then, to this extent, a union union between the Christian religion and of religion and the state in this country. the state, and the state should become the 3. By the use of the oath the state com- teacher and the defender of the Christian mits itself to the doctrine of a personal religion. God. 5. Those who do not acknow!edge the 4. By making the first day of the week right of the state to define, teach, and en- a dies non, it commits itself to the doctrine force religion must of necessity be pun- of Sunday sacredness and the resurrection ished, not because they are irreligious, but of the dead. because they are rebellious citizens, guilty 8 LIBERTY of denying the fundamental law of the land they desire to avoid all alliance with secular — traitors. authorities; they will not identify them- selves with creeds which have any tendency This whole house of cards fails to the to establish a human standard over con- ground when we call attention to the fact science, and they recognize no claim to that the state is not a personal entity apart ecclesiastical succession. • from the citizens who compose the state, It would be expected from this that the and therefore can not, in any proper sense, Canadian Baptists would take a stand have a religion which it is under obliga- squarely against the enforcement of a re- tion to teach ; and further, that the mere ligious institution upon the people. It recognition by the officials of the govern- would be a noble act for the Canadian ment, in conducting the affairs of the state, Baptists and all other Baptists to stand of the existence of religion can not be trans- uncompromisingly for liberty of conscience formed into the acceptance and profession when such a matter as the Canadian Sun- of that religion by the state. The framers day law is urged upon the public. of this government knew what they were stating when they deciared that this nation " is in no sense founded on the Christian Pius X on Church and State religion." THE position of the Roman Church on What would become of the boasted lib- the question of the relation of church and erty of this country, if these National Re- state is set forth authoritatively in the re- form principles should prevail? — Religious cent encyclical of Pope Pius X on Modern- liberty would be the liberty to believe and ism. He mentions the following as one of profess the Christian religion as interpreted the " modern " ideas that has been creeping by the National Reformers, or be perse- into the church : — cuted, or leave the country ! As faith and science are strangers to We believe in religion, and in the Chris- each other by reason of the diversity of tian religion, and in the old-fashioned gos- their objects, church and state are strang- ers by reason of the diversity of their ends, pel as opposed to the New Theology, but that of the church being spiritual, while we believe in religion as a personal expe- that of the state is temporal. rience growing out of the free choice and Concerning this the pope says: — faith of the individual, and not as an affair The principles from which these doctrines of the state. We are unalterably opposed to spring have been solemnly condemned by any effort to use the machinery of the state our predecessor, Pius VI, in his constitu- to teach or enforce religion — even the re- tion, "Auctorem fidei." ligion in which we be:ieve. We believe in He further says upon the same point : — religious liberty for the other man — the But it is not enough for the Modernist man who differs from us —whom we shall school that the state should be separated try to win, but not to compel. frog: the church. For as faith is to be subordinated to science, as far as phenom- enal elements are concerned. so too in tem- Baptists and Federation poral matters the church must be subjected to the state. They do not say this openly IN one of our exchanges we find the as yet — but they will say it when they wish published decision of the Canadian Bap- to be logical on this head. tists in reference to the question of federa- The principle of the separation of church ting with the other churches. That de- and state, solemnly condemned by Pius VI, cision reads:— is also as solemnly condemned by Pius X. The Baptists decline to unite with the There should no longer be any question in churches which are at present negotiating the minds of any as to where the Roman with a view to the union, and which invited Church stands on the question of the sepa- them to enter into a conference with them. They find a " fatal impediment " in the ration of church and state. And Pius VI practise of infant baptism, also in the adop- and Pius X can count as their allies, in fact, tion of any other mode than immersion ; if not in declaration, those in this country LIBERTY 9 who are seeking so energetically the union than on Monday or Tuesday? Who ever of religion and the state. The same prin- heard of a Monday closing of saloons? But ciples are involved, and the same results why not, if temperance is the issue? In- will be achieved. temperance is just as wicked on Monday as on Sunday. It is just as wrong for a man to get drunk and beat his wife on Sunday Closing of Saloons Monday as on Sunday. A law closing the THE publishers of LIBERTY believe in saloons but one day in the week, tacitly temperance. We not only believe in tem- legalizes the business the remaining six perance, but we practise it, not simply by days. We can not, therefore, favor any discarding all malt and spirituous liquors, such legislation; for the real object of the but in a much broader sense, which in- law is to close the saloons because of the cludes abstinence from tobacco and other supposedly religious character of the day, narcotics and stimulating articles of food and not because the sale of intoxicating or drink. drinks is wrong. The wolf of religious By means of our institutions, and through legislation is there, though hidden under our literature, we are advocating in all the lambskin of temperance. parts of the world total Abstinence from all We believe that saloons are a great evil intoxicating drinks. With every true effort and ought to be closed every day in the in the interest of temperance we are in the week. We teach this everywhere. But at fullest accord, and we most gladly lend the same time we are opposed to all legisla- our co-operation. tion upon religious matters, and shall lift With the whisky traffic we are at war. our voice against every attempt of this We deplore the fact that so many other- kind, well knowing that it tends toward wise excellent people are in one way and a union of the church and the state. Sun- another accessory to this disreputable busi- day laws are a step in this direction, and ness. Intemperance inflames the passions. we shall continue to oppose their enactment. and depraves and blights every noble aspi- even when they are brought forward dis- ration of the soul. It fills our jails, peni- guised as temperance measures. tentiaries, and almshouses with wrecks of once noble manhood, and leaves widows, A Striking Likeness orphans, poverty, sorrow, and broken hearts in its train. In the interests of all THE work going on in this country at men, many of whom are victims of ungov- the present time, designed to enforce a ernable appetites, the terrible rum traffic religious practise by law, partakes of the same nature as the inquisitorial work of should be suppressed. the Dark Ages, and possesses the same With such pronounced views upon the characteristics. In an article in the North- temperance question, and much aggressive western Christian Advocate, of Dec. work in its behalf, it may seem strange to 1907, Dr. W. F. Crafts, in speaking of the some that we are not friendly to the secur- new Idaho Sunday law, says: — ing of laws closing saloons on Sunday. It is true that we are not, for the reason The Pacific Coast secretary of the Inter- national Reform Bureau combined in this that laws closing the saloons on Sunday bill the best elements of forty other State are not asked for, or made, primarily in the Sunday laws. It is especially a model to interest of temperance, but in the interest be studied and copied in that it provides of Sunday. Sunday is a religious institu- that any executive officer found guilty of tion. It was correctly denominated in the neglecting to enforce it is ineligible for any public office for two years. Every politi- North British Review, the " wild solar cian will see genius in that penalty, and holiday of all pagan times." The purpose will not be surprised to hear the law is well of Sunday-closing laws is to exalt the day, enforced. not to stop the sale of intoxicating drinks. Note the striking likeness between the Why close the saloon on Sunday, rather penalty laid upon civil officers for failing 10 LIBERTY to enforce this Idaho law and the penalty The learned judge utterly fails to recog- laid upon civil officers in the days of the nize the fact that this is not Greece nor Inquisition for failure to enforce the judg- Rome nor Assyria nor Babylon nor England, ments of the inquisitors. The following but the United States of America, a coun- rule was adopted: " Any civil officer who try which has furnished to the world the refused to co-operate in the work [of the example of a nation which has accepted Inquisition] was himself excommunicated, the Christian idea of government — the and all who would hold intercourse with separation of church and state. Babylon him. Next, the city of his residence was had a recognized religion, and in enforcing laid under interdict. If more stress was it the three friends of Daniel were cast into needed, the officials were deposed." Is it the burning fiery furnace. Rome had a too much to say that the same spirit in- recognized religion, and for centuries those spired both these provisions? who professed the same religion as is now professed by Judge Wallace, were subjected to every form of persecution, even to being A Court Decision on Sunday Laws thrown to the lions in the Colosseum. The DURING the last three months there has law of England was permeated with so- been carried forward in Kansas City, Mo., called Christianity, and after suffering a campaign for the enforcement of the Sun- under it until all hope of religious liberty day laws now on the statute books. The was lost, the persecuted abandoned the leader of this campaign is Judge Wm. H. country to try their fortunes in some coun- Wallace, who, in addition to his zeal dis- try where they had less of that kind of played on the bench, has addressed public Christianity. This nation was not estab- meetings and in other ways taken a prom- lished as an infidel nation ; but it is also inent part in this crusade. Among his ut- true, as stated in the treaty with Tripoli, terances we find the following: " Greece. that " the government of the United States Rome, Assyria, and Babylon had recog- of America is not, in any sense, founded on nized religions." " English common law, the Christian religion." This government which is the law in the United States and should protect all religions and favor none. in Missouri, is permeated with Christian- But now comes the press report that ity." " The founders of this country did " the St. Louis court of appeals, in a de- not intend to plant an infidel nation." Fol- cision announced this morning [January 7], lowing the usual course of reasoning sustains the position of Judge Wallace in adopted by the advocates of religion by reference to the law against Sunday labor, law, Judge Wallace draws the conclusion at least so far as it applies to barbers. from these premises that the laws compel- The line of argument would appear to sus- ling a certain regard for Sunday, which he tain Judge Wallace, as it applies with as regularly calls the sabbath, are wise pro- much force to other labor as to shaving visions and ought to be enforced. persons on Sunday." This argument may be briefly summed up In discussing the case in the opinion the thus: The old pagan nations had an estab- court said: — lished religion which they enforced upon Now under this rule, the question is all the people, therefore the same regime whether the act of laboring as a barber for ought to obtain in the United States, in compensation on the Sabbath day as a spite of the profession of " A New Order business, identically as on a secular day, is morally fit and morally proper when con- of Things." In England, where they have sidered with reference to the Sunday laws had an established church for centuries, and the great purpose sought to be achieved they have passed many religious laws by the legislature in providing them as rules which we ought to adopt in this country. of conduct. The very reading of our Con- stitution and laws discloses the one to have As our forefathers did not intend to found been ordained and the other provided by an infidel state, therefore it must be that and for a God-fearing Christian people who they intended to enforce religion by law. regard the Sabbath as a holy day, set apart LIBERTY 11 for the rest of man and brute and the wor- the religion of the majority, while the un- ship of Almighty God. fortunate minority are blandly told that This is obvious from words and phrases such laws " do not interfere with the free employed and sentiments expressed therein, manifesting the benign spirit and beautiful exercise of conscience in respect to matters charity of Christianity. To the end that a of religion," inasmuch as thus far no one due observance of this day shall be had, is compelled to go through with the actual the arm of the civil law is interposed by forms of worship ! And all this is the evi- means of the Sunday laws for the purpose of enforcing cessation of all labors other dent meaning of the constitution and laws than those impelled by the necessities and of the State of Missouri, which are per- the Christian motives of love, as manifested meated with " the benign spirit and beauti- through charity. While the Sunday laws ful charity of Christianity "! Is it any command a cessation of labors on that day, wonder that many honest-hearted men are they do not interfere with the free exer- cise of conscience in respect to matters of openly scoffing at such Christianity as this? religion. Every, person may worship or We wish it to be distinctly understood that not, as he feels inclined after communion LIBERTY does not believe in nor advocate with his own soul. that kind of Christianity. Neither did However, these laws reckon with the Christ. well-known fact that as a Christian peo- ple the larger element of our citizenship Such an argument as this, plainly stated, conscientiously believe the Sabbath to be brings out in bold relief the iniquity of hallowed time which should be devoted to religious legislation, and shows how its rest and worship rather than to business advocates and defenders are led to ignore pursuits. That these good people may en- joy the right of conscience in the fullest the simplest and most fundamental prin- measure and devote the day to repose and ciples of civil and religious liberty in the the worship of Deity without being molested attempt to justify laws which in reality or chagrined by the noise and turmoil inci- compel the conscience. Such an opinion dent to the pursuits of active business, these penal provisions have been enacted. Such as this one rendered by the St. Louis court is the fundamental notion involved in the of appeals practically recognizes a union of Sunday laws, as we understand it. church and state, and affords little basis of The position of the court is perfectly hope for religious liberty within the juris- clear, and its reasoning would be altogether diction of that court. Some one ought to fitting for an ecclesiastical council of the conduct a campaign in behalf of the rights Middle Ages. When shorn of its smooth of conscience in the State of Missouri. phraseology, the opinion might be stated in words like these: The constitution and laws of the State of Missouri were made In Oklahoma by professed Christians and for professed A SUNDAY bill has been introduced into Christians; they were especially designed the first session of the legislature of the for the benefit of those who believe that new State of Oklahoma. It is patterned Sunday is the sabbath; this is plain from after the typical Sunday bill, with the pos- " the benign spirit " permeating them; the sible exception that the exemption clauses majority believe that the Sunday sabbath are broader than usual. From some of the should be devoted to religious exercises; provisions of this bill any person is exempt and in order that "these good people may " who conscientiously believes that the sev- enjoy the right of conscience," all other enth or any other day of the week ought people are compelled to keep quiet on Sun- to be observed as the Sabbath, and who day, lest these " good people " should be does actually refrain from business and " chagrined" by seeing some one else doing labor on that day for religious reasons." what they believe to be wrong. Thus the This exemption clause is sufficient, if rights of conscience of all who are not there were nothing else to indicate it, to classed among " these good people " are betray the true character of the bill. It is openly ignored in the supposed interest of religious legislation and in the interest of a 12 LIBERTY

religious observance. It is not sufficient, The Divine Sabbath Law according to this exemption clause, that one THE true Sabbath does not need the who wishes to labor on Sunday has rested prop of a civil statute, for it rests upon a on another day of the week, but he must divine law. We respectfully urge those " conscientiously " believe that that other who are seeking legislation by the state in day is the Sabbath, and he must refrain favor of Sunday seriously to consider this from labor on that day " for religious rea- fact. This law is the fourth precept of sons." In the light of such provisions as the decalogue, and is recorded in Ex. zo: these, what becomes of the much vaunted 8-1r, and reads as follows: — claim that Sunday laws are simply police Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it regulations, or that they are simply for holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all the purpose of securing one day in seven thy work; but the seventh day is the Sab- as a day of rest for the laboring man? bath of the Lord thy God; in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy According to this proposed Oklahoma law, daughter, thy man servant, nor thy maid if a man rests on any other day than Sun- servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that day, he must do so " for religious reasons," is within thy gates ; for in six days the or he will be compelled to rest on Sun- Lord made heaven and earth, the sea, and day also, all of which shows that religion, all that in them is, and rested the seventh day; wherefore the Lord blessed the Sab- and not rest, is the primary feature of the bath day, and hallowed it. bill. Concerning this precept, we call atten- But aside from this, what have legislators tion to the following facts : and judges to do with a man's conscientious God himself wrote this law upon stone. belief ? or on what ground can they inquire Ex. 31: 18. Its promulgation was attended whether a man rests on a certain day " for with the most sublime exhibition of glory religious reasons "? How shall it be de- and power which has been seen since the cided whether the belief is " conscientious," creation of the world. " Mount Sinai was or whether the rest is " for religious rea- altogether on a smoke, because the Lord sons"? If the judges are in doubt, will it descended upon it in fire; and the smoke not be necessary to call for the inquisitors? thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, With Cicero we might exclaim, " Where in and the whole mount quaked greatly." Ex. the world are we ! In what city do we 19: 18. live! " The language of this bill might 2. This law has never been repealed. easily suggest that we are in Spain in the Concerning the divine precepts, the psalm- Middle Ages, or that we are in Constanti- ist declares: " My tongue shall speak of nople under the benign influence of Mo- thy word; for all thy commandments are hammedanism. righteousness." " Thy righteousness is an The consideration of the various Sunday everlasting righteousness, and thy law is bills which are discussed in this issue of the truth." Ps. 119 172, 142. " LIBERTY ought to show clearly the folly of The works attempting to legislate in behalf of a relig- of his hands are verity and judgment; all ious institution. Recognizing that such his commandments are sure. They stand fast forever and ever, and are done in truth legislation will work a hardship to those and uprightness." Ps. III : 7, 8. who observe another day, an attempt is made to exempt them from some of the Jesus came not to annul or destroy this law, but to magnify it, and make it honor- provisions of these laws, but the very word- able. Isa. 42 : 21. To the Pharisees, some ing of these exemption clauses shows that of whom were saying in their hearts that the purpose is to require the religious ob- he had come to do away with the law, servance of one day of the week. We lift he said : " Think not that I am come to the danger signal against all such legisla- destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not tion. It is distinctly religious legislation, come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I and is both un-American and unchristian, say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, LIBERTY 13 one jot or one tittle shall in nowise It is worth while to remember that this pass from the law, till all be fulfilled. observance of the sabbath [ Sunday] — in which, after all, the only Protestant a Or- Whosoever therefore shall break one of ship consists — not only has no foundation these least commandments, and shall teach in the Bible, but it is in flagrant contradic- men so, he shall be called the least in the tion with its letter, which commands rest kingdom of heaven; but whosoever shall do on the Sabbath, which is Saturday. It was and teach them, the same shall be called the Catholic Church which, by the author- great in the kingdom of heaven." Matt. ity of Jesus Christ, has transferred this rest to the Sunday in remembrance of the resur- 5 : 17-19. rection of our Lord. Thus the observance 3. This law is of universal and perpetual of Sunday by the Protestants is an homage obligation. " Now we know that what they pay, in spite of themselves, to the things soever the law saith, it saith to them authority of the [Catholic] Church. who are under the law: that every mouth 6. Protestant authorities make candid may be stopped, and all the world may be- admissions concerning this matter. Note come guilty before God." Rom. 3 : 19. The the following:— Presbyterian Confession of Faith truly Dr. William Smith, LL. D., after exam- says : " The moral law doth forever bind ing all the texts supposed to have refer- all, as well justified persons as others, to ence to Sunday-keeping, says: — the obedience thereof. . . . Neither doth Taken separately, perhaps, and even al- Christ in the gospel in any way dissolve, together, these passages seem scarcely ade- quate to prove that the dedication of the but much strengthen, this obligation."— first day of the week to the purposes above Chapter 19, page 82, article 5. mentioned was a matter of apostolic institu- 4. This law says the seventh day is the tion, or even of apostolic practise.—"Dic- Sabbath. Sunday is not the seventh day. tionary of the Bible," article Lord's Day. There is no divine command for its sabbatic In the issue of the Church Standard, observance. Neither Jesus nor his apostles one of the leading papers of the Protestant ever observed it as a day of rest, nor com- Episcopal Church, for June 24, 1905, the manded any one so to observe it. Its ob- following plain statement was made: — servance rests wholly upon tradition. We shall search the New Testament in Therefore, all laws enacted for its observ- vain for any sign that the Lord's day was ance are against the true Sabbath—the ever regarded by the apostles or the apos- tolic church as identical with the Jewish seventh day — in that their tendency is to Sabbath day, or as a continuation of it, or exalt a human substitution in the place of as a substitute for it. Nothing of the kind the day the Lord has made and claims as is discoverable in the New Testament. his own. In saying this we would not be Others testify that there is no divine understood as favoring legislation in behalf command for the observance of Sunday : — of the seventh day. We would be opposed The current notion that Christ and his to this also. apostles authoritatively substituted the first 5. Cardinal Gibbons, speaking of Sunday, day of the week for the seventh, is abso- says : " You may read the Bible from Gen- lutely without any authority in the New Testament.— Rev. .Lyman Abbott, in Chris- esis to Revelation, and you will not find a tian Union, June 26, 1890. single line authorizing the sanctification It is true there is no positive command of Sunday. The Scriptures enforce the for infant baptism, . . . nor is there any religious observance of Saturday, a day for keeping holy the first day of the week. which we never sanctify."—"Faith of Our — M. E. " Theological Compendium," page 103. Fathers," page III. 7. We commend the following eloquent This statement from Cardinal Gibbons is words concerning the law of God, from the reiterated in one form or another by many pen of Rev. George Elliot : — Catholic authorities. As a sample of many Long should pause the erring hand of others we quote the following extract from man before it dares to chip away with the " Plain Talk about the Protestantism of chisel of human reasoning one single word To-day," by Mgr. Segur, page 213: — graven on the enduring tables by the hand 14 LIBERTY

of the infinite God. What is proposed ? — To man, and in the statement and decision of make an erasure in the heaven-born code, our Supreme Court that " this is a Chris- to expunge one article from the recorded tian nation, and that no law should contra- will of the Eternal! Is the eternal tablet vene or conflict with the divine law." You of his law to be defaced by a creature's are hereby called to gather in His name, in hand? He who proposes such an act national mass convention, in the Watch should fortify himself by reasons as holy Tower at Rock Island, Ill., May 1, 1908, as God, and as mighty as his power. None to choose or nominate national candidates but consecrated hands could touch the ark for president and vice-president of the of God; thrice holy should be the hands United States, on a platform pledging them which would dare to alter the testimony to use God's law, commanded by him on which lay within the ark.—" The Abiding Mount Sinai, and Jesus' golden rule, as a Sabbath" ($5oo Dartmouth College Prize standard and measure of and for just laws Essay), page 129. and righteous government, etc. We are further told that it will not be The Theocratical Theory of necessary at this proposed convention to waste time in framing a platform, as " His Government platform is perfect," and the ten command- IN the last issue of LIBERTY, attention ments " written and commanded by Je- was directed to the papal theory of civil hovah, indorsed, practised, and com- government, a union of church and state manded by King Jesus," are declared to with the church in control, which makes constitute the platform of the so-called the government subordinate to, and subject " United Christian party." to, the authority of the church. This In order that the purposes of this party theory is utterly subversive of the true may be fully clear we will quote further Protestant, and the true American, idea of from some of its representative utter- civil government, the separation of church ances : — and state, and in its baldest form is gen- Jehovah wants King Jesus on the throne erally repudiated in this country, although of David, according to Luke. : 32. there is a marked tendency to adopt a Why not enthrone Christ on God's plat- form by our votes and in our government Protestantized form of this theory by pla- now ? cing Christian usages upon a legal basis The kingdom of God will come when the in the laws of the land. Protestants who Christian forces unite on the day of election oppose the papal theory for establishing and vote for its coming. the doctrines of the papacy, yet seem in- God's church and state are one, and can never be separated by men or devils. clined to accept the same principle when it The ballot-box is the place to separate may be employed to foster the teachings of the sheep from the goats in the kingdom of their own church. We protest against any God. union of church and state, or of religion A declaration is also made in favor of and the government, whether the church such an amendment of the Constitution of and the religion be papal or Protestant. the United States as shall be necessary to And now comes a new proposal in the give the principles of this party " an un- form of a call for a national convention deniable legal basis in the fundamental law for the nomination of candidates for the of our land." presidency and the vice-presidency of the We feel under the greater necessity of United States upon a platform which is calling attention to this movement because essentially theocratical in its nature. That its leaders evidently interpret the fourth we may be sure not to misrepresent the commandment of the decalogue, as we do, movement we will quote the principal part to require the observance of the seventh of the call : — day of the week, commonly called Saturday, To the Press, to the Churches, to Every as the Sabbath. We judge this from the Party, and to all Patriots and Loyal Cit- following paragraph : izens of our Country, who believe in the When Sunday law-breakers grasp the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of fact that the seventh and not the first day LIBERTY 15 of the week is the Sabbath of the Lord ac- of Constantine ; and, had not the bishops cording to his command, and that our Su- voluntarily made themselves dependent on preme Court has decided that no law should him by their disputes, and by their deter- contravene the divine law, they have a right to and will demand laws measured by mination to make use of the power of the God's law and Jesus' rule. state for the furtherance of their aims, it lay in their power, by consistently and uni- We heartily indorse the principle of obe- formly availing themselves of this theory, dience to the law of God, and to the fourth to obtain a great deal from him."—Ne- commandment of that law just as it reads, ander. For the purpose of increasing his and we are working to hasten the time when own power the emperor Constantine con- the declaration of the " great voices in sented to the union of church and state heaven " shall become an accomplished fact, under the influence of this false, theo- " The kingdoms of this world are become cratical theory, until in due time, accord- the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his ing to Eusebius, " through the powerful aid Christ ; " but we just as heartily repudiate of God his Saviour, all nations owned their this political scheme for bringing about subjection to the emperor's authority." such a state of things. We have no war- What, however, was the effect of this ex- rant either in the teaching or the example perience upon the church? We will let of Jesus of Nazareth for an alliance be- Neander reply: " The more the church tween religion and the government, even strove after outward dominion, the more though the religion be his own ; neither was she liable to go astray, and to forget, in have we any record in history where such this outward power, her own intrinsic es- an alliance proved to be advantageous sence as a church of the spirit, and the either to religion or to government. Jesus more easy it became for outward power to himself did not attempt to bring in his obtain dominion over her." "'In forget- kingdom through the gateway of politics, ting and denying its own essential charac- nor seek decrees or enactments from the ter, on the simple preservation of which its rulers of the Roman empire through which true power depends,— in consenting to to give the principles that he advocated " an make use of a foreign might for the fur- undeniable legal basis in the fundamental therance of its ends,— the church suc- law." Rather, he declared, in unmistakable cumbed to that might." language, " My kingdom is not of this world." The lesson is plain. An alliance between In view of this political movement it the church and the state means disaster to seems fitting to call attention to a similar both, since they were divinely ordained to movement in the fourth century, and to occupy entirely separate spheres. There- point out the results which attended it. At fore, although we believe in religion, and that time " there had in fact arisen in the further believe in the observance of the church . . . a false, theocratical theory, or- seventh day of the week as the true Sabbath iginating, not in the essence of the gospel, of the Lord, yet we are uncompromisingly but in the confusion of the religious con- opposed to any effort to establish even our stitutions of the Old and New Testaments, own religion in the law of the land, and which, grounding itself on the idea of a to the attempt to enthrone Christ as king visible priesthood belonging to the essence of this world through the agency of a po- of the church and governing the church, litical party. The church will be purer and brought along with • it an unchristian op- more prosperous when she declines any position of the spiritual to the secular connection with the temporal power, and power, which might easily result in the relies wholly upon that spiritual power formation of a sacerdotal state, subordi- which has been promised to her by her true nating the secular to itself in a false and and living Head. The United Christian outward way. . . . This theocratical theory party is hindering rather than helping the was already the prevailing one in the time coming of the kingdom of Christ. General Articles

A Memorial may consistently exemplify its principles in our relations to our fellow men and to the To the Honorable Senate and House of common Father of us all. We cheerfully Representatives in Congress Assembled: devote our time, our energies, and our YOUR memorialists respectfully represent means to the evangelization of the world, that the body of Christian believers with proclaiming those primitive principles and which they are connected, the Seventh-day doctrines of the gospel which were inter- Adventists, and whose views they represent, preted anew to mankind by the Saviour of has a growing membership residing in every the world, and which were the fundamental State and Territory in the Union ; that truths maintained by the church in apostolic nearly all these members are native.-born times. We regard the Holy Scriptures as American citizens; and that it is supporting the sufficient and infallible rule of faith and missionaries and has a following in every practise, and consequently discard as bind- continent of the world. It is a Protestant ing and essential all teachings and rituals body, which was established in this country which rest merely upon tradition and about sixty years ago. custom. We recognize the authority and dignity While we feel constrained to yield to of the American Congress, as being the the claims of civil government and religion, highest law-making power in the land, to as both being of divine origin, we believe whose guidance and fostering care have their spheres to be quite distinct the one been committed the manifold interests of from the other, and that the stability of this great country; and our justification for the republic and the highest welfare of all presenting this memorial to your honorable citizens demand the complete separation of body is that we are not seeking to direct church and state. The legitimate purposes your attention to any private or class con- of government " of the people, by the peo- cerns, but to principles which are funda- ple, and for the people," are clearly defined mental to the stability and prosperity of in the preamble of the national Constitution the whole nation. We therefore earnestly to be to " establish justice, insure domestic ask your consideration of the representa- tranquillity, provide for the common de- tion which we herewith submit. fense, promote the general welfare, and We believe in civil government as hav- secure the blessings of liberty " to all. All ing been divinely ordained for the preser- these aims are of a temporal nature, and vation of the peace of society, and for grow out of the relations of man to man. the protection of all citizens in the enjoy- The founders of the nation, recognizing ment of those inalienable rights which that " the duty which we owe our Creator, are the highest gift to man from the Cre- and the manner of discharging it, can only ator. We regard properly constituted civil be directed by reason and conviction, and authority as supreme in the sphere in which is nowhere cognizable but at the tribunal of it is legitimately exercised, and we conceive the universal Judge," wisely excluded relig- its proper concern to be " the happiness and ion from the concerns of civil government, protection of men in the present state of not because of their indifference to its value, existence; the security of the life, liberty, but because, being primarily a matter of and property of the citizens; and to restrain the heart and conscience, it did not come the vicious and encourage the virtuous by within the jurisdiction of human laws or wholesome laws, equally extending to every civil compacts. The recognition of the individual." As law-abiding citizens, we freedom of the mind of man and the policy seek to maintain that respect for authority of leaving the conscience untrammeled by which is the most effective bulwark of just legislative enactments have been abundantly government, and which is especially nec- justified by a record of national develop- essary for the maintenance of republican ment and prosperity which is unparalleled institutions upon an enduring basis. in history. This is the testimony of our We heartily profess the Christian faith, own experience to the wisdom embodied in and have no higher ambition than that we the principle enunciated by the divine Copyright, 1907, by the Ceo. R. Lawrence Co. OPENING OF THE FIRST SESSION OF THE SIXTIETH CONGRESS, DEC. 2, 1907 Speaker Cannon Taking the Oath of Office 18 LIBERTY

Teacher of Christianity : " Render to Cxsar the church by the adoption of Christianity the things that are Cxsar's, and to God the as the religion of the empire, altogether things that are God's." confounded the limits of ecclesiastical and We, therefore, view with alarm the first temporal jurisdiction. The dominant party, indication of a departure from this sound when it could obtain the support of the civil principle. In the history of other nations power for the ,execution of its intolerant of the world, where church and state have edicts, was blind to the dangerous and un- been united to a greater or less degree, or Christian principle which it tended to estab- where the struggle to separate them is now lish . . . Christianity, which had so nobly in progress, we have a warning, ofttimes asserted its independence of thought and written in blood, against the violation of faith in the face of heathen emperors, threw this doctrine which lies at the foundation down that independence at the foot of the of civil and religious liberty. We affirm throne, in order that it might forcibly ex- that it is inconsistent with sound reasoning tirpate the remains of paganism, and com- to profess firm adherence to this principle pel an absolute uniformity of Christian of the separation of church and state, and faith."— at the same time endeavor to secure an alli- " To the reign of Constantine the Great ance between religion and the state, since must be referred the commencement of the church is simply religion in its organ- those dark and dismal times which op- ized and concrete expression; and, further- pressed Europe for a thousand years. . . . more, that the same authority which can An ambitious man had attained to imperial distinguish between the different religions power by personating the interests of a demanding recognition, and give preference rapidly growing party. The unavoidable to one to the exclusion of the others, can consequences were a union between church with equal right and equal facility distin- and state ; a diverting of the dangerous guish between the different denominations classes from civil to ecclesiastical paths, and or factions of the same religion, and dis- the decay and materialization of religion." pense to one advantages which it denies — Draper. Succeeding decades bore testi- to the others. These considerations ought mony to the fact that " the state which to make it doubly clear that what God has seeks to advance Christianity by the worldly put asunder, man ought not to attempt to means at its command, may be the occasion join together. of more injury to this holy cause than the A more specific reference to an impor- earthly power which opposes it with what- tant period of history may illustrate and ever virulence."— Neander. enforce the affirmations herein set forth. It was but a series of logical steps from the Under a complete union of a heathen relig- union of church and state under Constan- ion and the state, with extreme pains and tine to the Dark Ages and the Inquisition, penalties for dissenters, the first disciples, some of these steps being the settlement of directed by the divine commission, pro- theological controversies by the civil power, claimed the doctrines of Christianity the preference of one sect over another, and throughout the Roman empire. For nearly the prohibition of unauthorized forms of three centuries the warfare of suppression belief and practise ; and the adoption of the and extinction was waged by this haughty unchristian principle that " it was right to power, glorying in the superiority of its own compel men to believe what the majority of religion, against non-resistant but unyield- society had now accepted as the truth, and, ing adherents to the right to worship ac- if they refused, it was right to punish them." cording to the dictates of their own con- All this terrible record, the horror of sciences. Then came a reversal of the which is not lessened nor effaced by the unsuccessful policy, and what former em- lapse of time, is but the inevitable fruit of perors had vainly sought to destroy, Con- the acceptance of the unchristian and un- stantine as a matter of governmental American doctrine, so inimical to the inter- expediency embraced, and Christianity be- ests of both the church and the state, that came the favored religion. an alliance between religion and civil gov- Then began that period of " indescribable ernment is advantageous to either. If the hypocrisy " in religion, and of sycophancy pages of history emphasize one lesson and abuse of power in the state. " The above another, it is the sentiment uttered apparent identification of the state and on a memorable occasion by a former presi- KING OF ENGLAND KAISER QUEEN OF ENGLAND KING OF SPAIN

QUEEN OF SPAIN KAISERIN OF GERMANY QUEEN OF PORTUGAL QUEEN OF NORWAY A REMARKABLE PHOTOGRAPH : FIVE QUEENS AND THREE KINGS (Photographed after King Edward's luncheon party at Windsor, on Nov. 17, 5907.) 20 LIBERTY

dent of this republic : " Keep the state and wise builders of state excluded religion the church forever separate." from the sphere of the national government The American colonists, who had lived in the express prohibition, " Congress shall in the mother country under a union of make no law respecting an establishment of the state and a religion which they did not religion, or prohibiting the free exercise profess, established on these shores colo- thereof." Thus they founded a nation— nial governments under which there was the first in all history — upon the Chris- the closest union between the state and the tian idea of civil government,— the separa- religion which they did profess. The free- tion of church and state. And the century dom. of conscience which had been denied and more of liberty and prosperity which to them in the old country, they denied to has crowned their efforts, and the wide- others in the new country; and uniformity spread influence for good which the exam- of faith, church attendance, and the sup- ple of this nation has exerted upon the port of the clergy were enforced by laws world at large in leading the way toward which arouse righteous indignation in the freedom from the bondage of religious des- minds of liberty-loving men of this century. potisms and ecclesiastical tyrannies, has The pages of early American history are demonstrated the wisdom of their course. stained with the shameful record of the per- The " new order of things " to which testi- secution which must always attend the mony is borne on the reverse side of the attempt to compel the conscience by en- Great Seal of the United States, introduced forcing religious observances. The Bap- an era of both civil and religious liberty tists were banished, the Quakers were which has been marked by blessings many whipped, good men were fined, or exposed and great both to the nation and to re- to public contempt in the stocks, and cruel ligion. and barbarous punishments were inflicted We are moved to present this memorial, upon those whose only crime was that they however, because of the persistent and did not conform to the religion professed organized efforts which are being made to by the majority and enforced by the colo- secure from Congress such legislation as nial laws. And all these outrages were will commit the national government to a committed in the name of justice, as penal- violation of this great principle, and to the ties for the violation of civil laws. " This enforcement of a religious institution. Al- was the justification they pleaded, and it ready there have been introduced during was the best they could make. Miserable the present session of Congress five bills excuse ! But just so it is : wherever there of this nature: — • is such a union of church and state, heresy S. 1519, "A BILL to prevent Sunday banking in post-offices in the handling of money-orders and heretical practises are apt to become and registered letters." violations of the civil code, and are pun- H. R. 4897, "A BILL to further protect the ished no longer as errors in religion, but as first day of the week as a day of rest in the infractions of the laws of the land."— Baird. District of Columbia." H. R. 4929, "A BILL prohibiting labor on Thus did the American colonies pattern buildings, and so forth, in the District of Colum- after the governments of the Old World, bia on the sabbath day." and thus was religious persecution trans- H. R. 13,471, "A BILL prohibiting work in planted to the New World. the District of Columbia on the first day of the We respectfully urge upon the attention week, commonly called Sunday." S. 3940, "A BILL requiring certain places of of your honorable body the change which business in the District of Columbia to be closed was made when the national government on Sunday." was established. The men of those times While a merely cursory reading of the learned the meaning and value of liberty titles of these bills may not indicate clearly not only of the body but also of the mind, their full significance, we affirm that an and " vindicating the right of individuality examination of their provisions will reveal even in re'igion, and in ,'religion above all, the fact that they involve the vital principle the new nation dared to set the example of the relation of government to religion. of accepting in its relations to God the Their passage would mark the first step principle first divinely ordained of God in on the part of the national government in Judea."— Bancroft. , Warned by the dis- the path of religious legislation — a path astrous results of religious establishments which leads inevitably to religious perse- in both the Old and the New World, these cution. If government may by law set- LIBERTY 21 tle one religious controversy and enforce " In God We Trust " one religious institution, it may logically settle all religious controversies and enforce THE President makes a strong case in all religious institutions, which would be his letter telling why he abandoned the the complete union of church and state and practise of inscribing " In God We Trust " an established religion. We seek to avoid on American gold coins. He lays stress the consequences by denying the principle. upon the fact that the inscription is never We are assured that the only certain way spoken of with reverence, but has often to avoid taking the last step in this danger- been the subject of jest and ridicule amount- ous experiment upon our liberties is to ing to sacrilege. The use of the motto on refuse to take the first step. coins tends to cheapen and degrade it, in We hold it to be the duty of civil his opinion, just as it would be cheapened government to protect every citizen in his by using it on postage-stamps or in adver- right to believe or not to believe, to wor- tisements. ship or not to worship, so long as in the Those who cling to the idea that the exercise of this right he does not interfere coin should bear .some reference to the with the rights of others; but " to pretend Almighty, might gain a clearer conception to a dominion over the conscience is to of the difference between secular and holy usurp the prerogative of God." However things by studying the words 'of Jesus desirable it may seem to us who profess Christ when confronted by hypocrites who the Christian faith to use the power of tried to confound him as to earthly and government to compel at least an outward heavenly authority: " Render therefore respect for Christian institutions and prac- unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's ; tises, yet it is contrary to the very genius and unto God the things that are God's." of Christianity to enforce its doctrines or The government of the United States is to forge shackles of any sort for the mind. strong, and the people of the United States The holy Author of our religion recog- are free, because in this country there is nized this great principle in these words: no mixture of religion and government " If any man hear my words, and believe A coin is a convenience of business —" the not, I judge him not." The triumphs of the pale and common drudge 'tween man and gospel are to be won by spiritual, rather than man." It has no conscience nor chastity, by temporal, power ; and compulsion may be and will serve the devil as soon as God. properly employed only to make men civil. Some months ago debate raged high over Therefore, in the interest of the nation, the question whether money dishonestly whose prosperity we seek ; in the interest gained was not in itself tainted,— a question of pure religion, for whose advancement that was threshed out a millennium ago, we labor; -in the interest of all classes of when Rome laconically remarked, " Non citizens whose rights are involved ; in the olet." The assumption that some money interest of a world-wide liberty of con- is tainted must make room for the twin science, which will be affected by the ex- assumption that some other money must be ample of this nation; in the interest holy — that the stuff itself is saintly ! If even of those who are urging this legis- the contemner of tained money refuses to lation, who are thereby forging fetters bow down to saintly gold, is he not a rebel for themselves as well as for others, we against his own belief ? And if he does, earnestly petition the Honorable Senate and does he not become an idolater? House of Representatives in Congress There is no end to the trouble that the assembled, not to enact any religious legis- pious man may fall into if he ventures to lation of any kind whatsoever, and particu- mix the things that are Caesar's with the larly not to pass the bills to which reference things that are God's Let the coin bear has been made in this memorial. And for a date, and the name of the authority that these objects your memorialists, as in duty issues it, and the value that mankind bound, will ever pray. agrees to attach to it. If Christians will but stop to think, they will find plenty of THE GENERAL CONFERENCE OF comfort in looking at the date — those SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTISTS : figures are significant. But there is less A. G. DANIELLS, President; need of placing a pious motto upon the coin W. A. SPICER, Secretary. than upon the flag.—Washington Post. 22 LIBERTY

The Oklahoma Constitution Our attention having been called to this matter, and learning that a large delega- Religious Toleration or Religious Liberty: tion of prominent men from Oklahoma and Which? Indian Territory was about to wait upon W. A. COLCORD the President of the United States to pre- AYrER all that has been said in the United sent to him the proposed constitution for States during the last century and more his approval, we addressed the following concerning the difference between religious letter to the President, directing his atten- toleration and religious liberty, it seems tion to this strange and defective expres- rather strange to hear people still talk- sion in this document : — ing about granting " perfect toleration" in matters of religion. And when we con- TAKOMA PARK, WASHINGTON, D. C., OCT. 25, 1907. sider that the difference between these two President Theodore Roosevelt, things was clearly pointed out by James Washington, D. C. Madison, and corrected, in the convention RESPECTED SIR: Permit me to call your which framed one of the first State consti- attention to what appears to me to be a tutions, if not the first, formulated in the serious defect in Section 2 of Article I of the proposed constitution f o r Oklahoma. As framed, this section reads : — Perfect toleration of religious senti- ment shall be se- cured, and no in- habitant of the State shall ever be molested in person or property on ac- count of his or her mode of religious worship, and no re- ligious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights. Polygamous or plural marriages are forever prohib- ited. The use of the word "tolera- tion " here, while doubtless an inadvertence, i t seems to me is nevertheless u n - fortunate. Relig- ious toleration is CITY HALL AT GUTHRIE, OKLAHOMA, WHERE THE CONSTITUTIONAL not an American CONVENTION WAS HELD doctrine, nor is it compatible with United States,— that of Virginia,— it seems our free institutions. It is appropriate and even more strange that this very mistake applicable only in countries where there is should be made, and the mistake not no- an established religion. In a land where ticed nor corrected, by the convention of freedom in matters of religion is recog- one hundred and ten men which met one nized as a right, such a term, it appears to year ago in a ninety days' session to frame me, is out of place. The distinctions between toleration and a constitution for the latest State to seek liberty were clearly pointed out in the early admi-cio9 into the Union, that of Okla- history of this country. When Virginia, one tne first States of the Union to LIBERTY 23 formulate a constitution, came to draft its invade those rights, but justice still confirms fundamental law, this question came up them. for consideration. As originally framed, From the foregoing, it is evident that Article Sixteen of the Bill of Rights of religious toleration implies an established this constitution provided that " all men religion, and a reservation on the part of should enjoy the fullest toleration in the the state of the right to dictate in matters exercise of religion, according to the dic- of religion, and it is therefore unchristian tates of conscience." and not in harmony with the genius of our Referring to the discussion which took government. place over this article, Appleton's " Cyclo- In view of all this, therefore, with all pedia of American Biography," Vol. IV, due respect and modesty, I wish to ask you page 165, says: — to consider the propriety and advisability of the expression, " Perfect toleration of Madison pointed out that this provision did religious sentiment," in Section 2 of Article not go to the root of the matter. The free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of I of the proposed Oklahoma Constitution, conscience, is something which every man may being altered to read, " Perfect religious lib- demand as a right, not something for which he erty," etc. It appears to me that such a must ask as a privilege. To grant to the state change would be highly proper and de- the power of tolerating is implicitly to grant sirable. Respectfully, to the state the power of prohibiting : whereas W. A. COLCORD, Madison would deny to it any jurisdiction what- Secretary Religious Liberty Bureau. ever in the matter of religion. The clause in the Bill of Rights, as finally adopted, at his sug- Three days later we received the follow- gestion, accordingly deClares that " all men are ing communication from the Attorney-Gen- equally entitled to the free exercise of religion, eral: — according to the dictates of conscience." Mr. W. A. Colcord, In his work, " Church and State in the Secretary Religious Liberty Bureau, United States," page 14, Dr. Philip Schaff Takoma Park, Washington, D. C. says: — SIR: Your letter of the 25th instant There is a very great difference between tol- to the President in regard to the proposed eration and liberty. Toleration is a concession which may be withdrawn ; it implies a prefer- constitution for the new State of Oklahoma ence for the ruling form of faith and worship, has been referred to this office for acknowl- and a practical disapproval of all other forms. edgment. You may be assured that what . . . In our country we ask no toleration for you say will receive careful consideration. religion and its free exercise, but we claim it Very respectfully, as an inalienable right. [Signed] CHARLES J. BONAPARTE, Another work, Thompson's " Church and Attorney-General. State in the United States," page 12, Whether this un-American utterance in makes the following observation: — the fundamental law of this newest of Toleration denotes neither the freedom of States will be corrected, we shall await religion from state control, nor the equality of all with interest to see. religions before the law. Toleration is the allowance of that which is not wholly approved. Religious liberty, on the other hand, is absolute freedom of religious opinion and worship. Sunday; Religious or Civils In a speech in the House of Lords, in Which ? 1827, on a bill for the repeal of the Test and Corporation acts, Lord Stanhope G. B. THOMPSON said : — IF Sunday is a religious institution, then The time was when toleration was craved the state can never properly have anything by dissenters as a boon. It is now demanded to say as to its observance; for it is not the as a right ; but a time will come when it will province of .the state to settle religious be spurned as an insult. questions, and command the observance of And in the Sunday mail report adopted divine precepts. It might be proper for an by the United States Senate in 1829, the ecclesiastical council to give consideration following clear and concise statement was to such matters, but the function of the made: — state is not ecclesiastical, but purely polit- What other nations call toleration we call ical. Religion is a thing of the heart. It religious rights. They are not exercised in virtue is the personal relation between man and of governmental indulgence, but as rights, of which government can not deprive any portion his Creator, and for it we are amenable of citizens, however small. Despotic power may nowhere, except at the tribunal of the 24 LII3ERTY

Universal Judge. Because, therefore, Sun- the coinage. But as I did not approve of day is an institution of the church, not it, I did not direct that it should again of the state, and its observance is a relig- be put on. Of course the matter of the ious act, Congress can never rightfully pass any law regUlating its observ- ance. To parry the force of this, however, the claim is advanced that Sunday is not a religious but a civil institution; and as the state should deal with civil mat- ters, it should regulate the observance of the day. But if Sunday is a civil institution, why should its observance be made compulsory? We have holidays which are purely civil institutions; for ex- ample, Washington's birthday, the fourth of July, and other like legal holidays. But who ever heard of the observance of these days being made compulsory? When has a bill ever been introduced into any national or State legislature specifying how these days should be observed, and closing up all shops and business houses and places of recreation, under penalty of civil law? All would resent such a step and deem it tyrannical. But if Sunday is a civil institution, it is merely a holiday, and should be dealt with the same as other holidays. Upon whichever horn of this dilemma so-called National Reformers impale THE CHURCH IN WASHINGTON WHERE PRES- themselves, it is equally fatal to their IDENT ROOSEVELT ATTENDS theory, and emphasizes the truth that legislation concerning Sunday is not within law is absolutely in the hands of Congress, the province of the state. and any direction of Congress in this matter will be immediately obeyed. At present, as I have said, there is no warrant The President and the Motto in law for the inscription. " My own feeling in the matter is due [IN response to a letter relating to the to my very firm conviction that to put such removal of the motto, " In God We Trust," a motto on coins, or to use it in any from the coins, President Roosevelt wrote kindred manner, not only does no good, the following letter.— ED.] but does positive harm, and is in effect " THE WHITE HOUSE, WASHINGTON, irreverence, which comes dangerously close NOV. II, 1907. to sacrilege. A beautiful and solemn sen- "Mr. Thomas Henshall, tence, such as the one in question, should " Kansas City, Mo. be treated and uttered only with that fine " DEAR SIR: When the question of the reverence which necessarily implies a cer- new coinage came up, we looked into the tain exaltation of spirit. Any use which law, and found there was no warrant there- tends to cheapen it, and, above all, any in for putting ' In God We Trust' on the use that tends to secure its being treated coins. As the custom, although without in a spirit of levity, is from every stand- legal warrant, had grown up, however, I point profoundly to be reiretted. It is a might have felt at liberty to keep the in- motto which is indeed well to have in- scription had I approved of its being on scribed on our great national monuments, in LIBERTY, 25 our temples of justice, in our legislative almost without exception that legislation of halls, and in buildings such as those at this kind can be sustained only on secular West Point and Annapolis — in short, grounds. To advance religious belief as a wherever it will tend to arouse and inspire reason for Sunday blue laws would be to a lofty emotion in those who look upon it. nullify them. But it seems to me eminently unwise to We have the strange spectacle, therefore, cheapen such a motto by use on coins, of religious laws enacted and enforced at just as it would be to cheapen it by use the demand of religionists, and upheld by on postage-stamps, or in advertisements. courts which deny that they are religious As regards its use on the coinage, we have laws, and assert that they are nothing more actual experience by which to go. In all than police and health measures. . . . my life I have never heard any human Religious laws having no standing in being speak reverently of this motto on court except on the false pretense that they the coins, or show any signs of its having are secular in purpose, ought to be easily appealed to any emotions in him. But I repealed. When they were first enacted have literally hundreds of times heard it in this country, they had the weight of the used as an occasion of, and incitement to, church, of wealth, of nine-tenths of the the sneering ridicule which it is above all population and of practically all respecta- things undesirable that so beautiful and bility behind them. It is not so now. exalted a phrase should excite. For ex- Compelling their rigid execution at this ample, throughout the long contest, extend- time, a few zealots are simply invoking ing over several decades, on the free coin- the authority of sanctimonious lawgivers age question, the existence of this motto dead and gone for the regulation of people on the coins was a constant source of jest of different beliefs, different tastes, and and ridicule ; and this was unavoidable. different necessities. Every one must remember the innumerable We are to remember also that true cartoons and articles based on phrases like, American liberty had some of its most im- In God we trust for the short weight; portant beginnings in successful assaults In God we trust for the thirty-seven cents upon these very laws. It was not until the we do not pay,' and so forth, and so forth. people had learned to question the despotic Surely I am well within bounds when I powers of the New England theocracy and say that a use of the phrase which invites the state church of Virginia, that they ven- constant levity of this type is most un- tured to assail the awful pretensions of desirable. George III, who ruled by divine right. " If Congress alters the law, and directs Sam Adams in Massachusetts and Thomas me to replace on the coins the sentence Jefferson in Virginia were hounded to their in question, the direction will be immedi- graves by the element which supported the ately put into effect; but I very earnestly blue laws. trust that the religious sentiment of the These men and others almost as cele- country, the spirit of reverence in the brated held that emancipation from ecclesi- country, will prevent any such actiori being astical authority was essential to liberty. taken. Sincerely yours, What would they have thought of eighty (Signed) " THEODORE ROOSEVELT." millions of people subjected to religious laws which gained their force by judicial denials of the self-evident fact that they are religious laws? First Principles of Freedom It is maintained in some quarters and THE revival of Sunday laws in various with reason, that repeated invasions of cities is distinctly a religious movement. popular rights during the last thirty or The laws in the first place reflected the forty years have resulted in a serious cur- religious creeds and predilections of their tailment of liberty. If reasonable and authors. harmless diversions on Sunday may now In taking notice of the flaming zeal which be prohibited by a small religious element. everywhere accompanies Sunday law en- backed by a notorious false pretense in the forcement it should be remembered that, courts, it must be that there has also been notwithstanding the pious inspiration of a most emphatic loss of independence on Sabbatarianism, the courts have held the part of the people. The worst of all 26 LIBERTY

slaves are those who willingly bend to the conduct; his omniscience by the knowledge yoke. he displayed of the secrets of all hearts; Many important questions are pressing his power by the miracles he wrought. for settlement, but they all shrink into in- None of these attributes, however, have significance in comparison with this one, been sufficient to enforce conviction, and involving as it does the personal liberty even the miracles of Moses and Jesus have of millions. Tariffs, trusts, currency, re- been treated with unbelief. I, therefore, the bates, and all such problems will hardly last of the prophets, am sent with the be dealt with wisely by men who are not sword! Let those who promulgate my free, or by courts which are terrorized or faith enter into no argument nor discussion; insincere.— St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Dec. but slay all who refuse obedience to the II, 1907. law. Whoever fights for the true faith, whether he fall or conquer, will assuredly receive a glorious reward." The Sword of Islam Unbelievers were offered quick choice of W. A. SPICER three things,— immediate conversion, an ISLAM, meaning " submission," originally exemption clause in the form of payment of meant, as a religion, submission to God, tribute, or the edge of the sword. Some resignation to his will, even in suffering of the famous advocates of the new relig- and persecution. But erelong it came to ion had themselves professed conversion mean submission to the creed of Mohamme- under pressure. For instance, Abu Sofian, danism, enforced at the point of the sword. captain of the Mecca forces in opposition When Mohammed began to formulate the to Mohammed, was captured one night and new religion, he accepted many precepts brought before the prophet. Omar de- from the Christian Scriptures. " Do unto manded his head, but Mohammed was less another as thou wouldst he should do unto hasty. thee," was his Arabic rendering of the " Well, Abu Sofian,' cried he, is it not golden rule. He himself was persecuted by at length time to know that there is no other the people of Mecca, as he denounced their god but God?' idol-worship and proclaimed the faith of " That I already know,' replied Abu Islam. George Sale, translator of the Sofian. Koran, says of Mohammed's early teach- " Good! and is it not time for thee to ing: — acknowledge me as the apostle of God ? ' " He declares his business was only to " Dearer art thou to me than my father preach and admonish, that he had no au- and my mother,' replied Abu Sofian, using thority to compel any person to embrace an Oriental phrase of compliment; but I his religion; and that whether people be- am not yet prepared to acknowledge thee a lieved or not, was none of his concern, but prophet.' belonged solely unto God." " Out upon thee ! ' cried Omar, testify But when the strong city of Medina es- instantly to the truth, or thy head shall be poused his cause, and Mecca itself surren- severed from thy body.' " dered, the possession of power changed the Havving plainly the worst of the argu- prophet's policy. The first passage in the ment, under the circumstances, Abu Sofian Koran authorizing the use of force is said acknowledged the divinity of Mohammed's to be that in the twenty-second chapter: mission, thus furnishing, says Irving, " an " Fight in defense of God's true religion as illustration of the Moslem maxim: To con- it behooveth you to fight for the same." vince unbelievers, there is no argument The announcement that Islam was to be like the sword.' " pre-eminently a religion of the sword was Yet one other illustration of the sword later put forth by Mohammed in these as a weapon in theological argument. This words: — same Omar, when calif successor of the " Different prophets have been sent by prophet, was preaching in the Moslem camp, God to illustrate his different attributes : a day's march from Jerusalem. He had Moses his clemency and providence; Sol- stated that there was no help for the man omon his wisdom, majesty, and glory; Jesus whom God should lead into error. Christ his righteousness, omniscience, and "A gray-headed Christian priest, who sat power; — his righteousness by purity of before him, could not resist the opportunity LIBERTY 27 to criticize the language of the calif of its Baptist churches, Mr. W. F. Ireland, preacher. ' God leads no man into error,' a cousin of Archbishop Ireland of the Cath- said he, aloud. olic Church. In early life Mr. Ireland " Omar deigned no direct reply, but, turn- was an actor. Wishing to introduce a Sun- ing to those around, Strike off that old day law into Los Angeles, he made as a man's head,' said he, ' if he repeats his pretext that the actors themselves would words.' be very greatly benefited by closing the " The old man was discreet, and held his theaters on Sunday, and consequently peace. There was no arguing against the brought before the city council of Los sword of Islam." Angeles a measure with that end in view. It is all grotesque — considered in the signed by nearly all the pastors in the city, light of divine religion, to be received by but, strange to say, not signed by any of conviction and faith. George Sale, in the the theater people. Petitions were circu- preface to his translation of the Koran, re- lated in favor of the measure and a num- marks: — ber secured. It is reported that thousands " The method of converting by the sword were signing the petitions. gives no very favorable idea of the faith What we wish to note here is that the which is so propagated, and is disallowed movement is, like all other political move- by everybody in those of another religion, ments, seeking to establish itself by every though the same persons are willing to ad- means to which politics can resort, and mit of it for the advancement of their own; that not even honorable politics. And yet supposing that, though a false religion we would not misjudge all who are con- ought not to be established by authority, nected with the movement. The propo- yet a true one may; and accordingly force nents of such measures may be divided into is almost as constantly employed in these two classes: first, those who believe that cases by those who have the power in their the day ought to be kept free from all hands, as it is constantly complained of traffic and show which are proper and by those who suffer the violence. It is cer- allowable on other days ; and, secondly, tainly one of the most convincing proofs those who want the evils suppressed that Mohammedanism was no other than a wholly, and if not able to suppress them human invention, that it owed its progress all the time, feel that one-seventh of the and establishment almost entirely to the time is better than none. There are two sword; and it is one of the strongest dem- classes of Opponents to such measures: onstrations of the divine origin of Chris- first, those who want the traffic carried on tianity that it prevailed against all the force because of the profit and pleasure, and and powers of the world by the mere dint whose hearts are in harmony with the of its own truth, after having stood the evils ; secondly, those who are opposed to assaults of all manner of persecutions, as any legislation in support of a religious well as other oppositions, for three hundred institution. years together." Of the proponents we sympathize with the The moral is just as timely now as when second class. We believe it would be Sale wrote, over a hundred years ago. better for society and communities in general, and especially for the youth, if there were no saloons nor vile theaters, but we do not believe that the suppression Sunday,Law Agitation of these evils for one day of the week will THE sad thing is that instead of becom- help matters. To suppress the saloons or ing a Bible investigation it [the agitation the theaters on a religious day only is to over the Sabbath question] is taking on politically honor and protect the religious a demand on the part of Christians for a day, a thing which should never be done legal sabbath. It crawls in in almost every in a free country. And such action admits conceivable form; it creeps into our muni- the necessity, at least, if it does not tacitly cipal and State legislatures as a police approve, of the evils on six days of the regulation, a temperance measure, in favor week. Such measures form the opening of the workingmen, and its latest phase wedge of a church-and-state union, a fear- is for the special benefit of the theater- ful curse of the ages, and they do not re- goers. Los Angeles has a pastor in one move the evils which they seek by law to 28 LI13P'R711 suppress. We therefore oppose Sunday Proposed Sunday Laws legislation, not because it centers around Sunday, but because of the nature of the C. M. SNOW thing itself. As earnestly and determin- THERE have been introduced during the edly would we oppose it if it centered in first few days of the present Congress (the the seventh day. sixtieth) five bills whose passage or rejec- We have no sympathy with the first class tion may determine the attitude of this gov- of opponents of the measure. Liquor drunk ernment upon the vital question of religious on one day will make a man as maudlin liberty. and ugly as if drunk on another. A low H. R. Bill No. 4897 provides that " it theater performance — and the critics tell shall not be lawful for any person to keep us that that is about thg character of all open any place of business or maintain a theaters — has the same effect on the mind stand for the sale of any article or articles one day as on another. The only true polit- of profit during Sunday, excepting venders ical remedy is the total suppression all the of books and newspapers, and apothecaries time of all such evils upon which it is proper for the dispensing of medicines, and under- to legislate; the only true religious remedy takers for the purpose of providing for is the power in Jesus Christ and his word the dead, or others for the purpose of and spirit. When Christians leave that charity or necessity; nor shall any public word, turn from that promise of power, playing of football or baseball or any other for political aid, they forsake the fountain kind of playing, sports, pastimes, or diver- of living waters for the broken cisterns sions disturbing the peace and quiet of the of men; they forsake the Rock of Ages day, be practised by any person or persons to lean upon the broken reed of Egypt, within the District of Columbia on Sunday; which pierces those who trust it. nor shall any building operations or work We decidedly object to being allied with upon railroad construction be lawful upon saloon forces or theater-goers. Our ground said day." of opposition to Sunday legislation is on This bill violates the fundamental prin- an entirely different basis, and this basis ciples of our government in two important is the very genius and spirit of Christianity particulars: — itself. God left every conscience free to First, its passage would be a practical choose or to reject any and every religion, union of church and state,— a religious re- and any and every religious institution, quirement enforced by civil law,— and sec- and it does not lie properly within the ond, it aims to deprive citizens of this purview of the state to meddle with any country of natural and inherent rights with- of them. If the minds of the people out due process of law. That these conten- generally were enlightened in regard to tions are not based upon theory will be seen the true principles which underlie Sunday by a study of the bill. legislation and the history of the thing It is a bill to " protect " a day — a relig- through past ages, there would be no ques- ious institution — even to the extent of tion as to their position upon it; and if penalizing honest and honorable occupation Sunday-keepers knew the power and gos- performed upon that day. This sets the pel of Jesus Christ, they would never de- institution above the man, and makes his mand it.— The Signs of the Times, Nov. rights subservient to its perpetuation. That 13, 1907. this is done because of the religious nature of the institution is shown in the fact that around no civil holiday is such a protection THE Christian Statesman argues that thrown. Not even upon the fourth of July " nations have souls " as truly as individ- has the government essayed to make honest uals. Will it tell us whether these " na- toil a criminal offense. The attempt to tional " souls are mortal or immortal, and force compliance with the ordinances of if any " national souls " are to be saved in the church by civil law is an attempt to the future everlasting kingdom of God? resuscitate the intolerable conditions of We have read in the Bible of "the nations early colonial days, which so far as the of them which are saved," but we have not national government was concerned, were yet found the text which speaks of " saved repudiated in the first amendment to the nations." Constitution of the United States. This unique and striking picture gives a view of President Roosevelt's Cab inet as it stands to-day. This Cabinet and the Supreme Court are the two highest official bodies in the United States. With Congress, they represent the three branches of the national government, the legislative, the executive, and the Judicial. The circular figure at the left is the _Great Seal of the United States, on the reverse of which is the Latin inscription, " Novas Ordo Seculorum," meaning, "A New Order of Things." Only the President and the members of his cabinet have the right to use this Seal. 30 LIBERTY

The proposed law is a religious law be- day of the week what the bill makes a crime cause it fosters the observance of a relig- for a person of another religious belief to ious ordinance — Sabbath-keeping — by do on the same day ; it does not protect making a failure of such observance a those who observe another day from being punishable offense. It is a practical truism disturbed by the public labor of those who that the government is powerless to make observe the first day of the week; and it men religious by law. Neither has it the makes it possible for " other persons " who right to make them appear so whether they ob,serve the first day of the week to destroy are or not. all the benefit Qf the clause, so far as ob- Such a bill is unworthy of passage in servors of another day are concerned, by that it partakes of class legislation. Cer- simply insisting that they are interrupted tain occupations and pastimes are penalized or disturbed by the labor complained of. on the day set apart, and permitted on all And it should not be forgotten, with all the other days, while other occupations are rest, that the power to enact such a law permitted on all days. The equity of the with an exemption clause involves the proposed law does not appear when it is power to enact the same law without the proposed to fine the man who transports exemption clause; and that where freedom a load of dirt or conducts a grocery store, has been enjoyed, a law compelling a relig- and to permit the man who sells tobacco, ious observance, even with an exemption books, and newspapers to continue his vo- clause attached, is a long step toward op- cation unmolested. Neither can the equity pression. of the proposed law be proved when it is A noteworthy feature of the exemption proposed to lay an embargo upon the erec- clause (Section 2) of this bill, is that a tion of buildings while licensing the great certain class is exempt from the penalty of transportation companies to continue traffic the law provided they have already kept a operations upon that day, and making the sabbath, or uniformly observed another transportation of baggage by team a laud- day as a day of rest. The purport of this able occupation while the transportation of is to make sabbath-keeping compulsory other commodities is a punishable offense. under threat of penalties; inasmuch as he The true character of the bill is made who uniformly observes another day as a doubly clear by a provision in Section 2, sabbath may do on Sunday what another which reads thus : " It shall be a suffi- may not do. This feature of this bill has cient defense to a prosecution for labor on a perfect parallel in a law passed by the the first day of the week that the defendant General Court of the Massachusetts Col- uniformly keeps another day of the week ony in 1728, exempting Baptists and Quak- as a day of rest, and that the labor com- ers from contributing to the support of the plained of was done in such a manner as established church. They were to be ex- not to interrupt or disturb other persons in empt upon condition that they " usually observing the first clay of the week as a attend the meeting of their respective socie- day of rest." This clause plainly shows ties assembling upon the Lord's day for that it is the real purpose of the bill to the worship of God, and that they lived compel every person to keep some day of within five miles of the place of meeting." the week as a day of rest, a sabbath. It This made church attendance at one place is evidently the expectation that the large or the other, and a contribution of means to majority will keep the first day of the the support of the clergy, compulsory. This week, but the keeping of some other day, would be looked upon to-day as out of under certain restrictions, is tolerated. Cer- harmony with the spirit of religious lib- tain facts about this half-way exemption erty ; and yet the same principle inheres clause, however, should not escape notice : in the proposed bill (H. R. 4897) in that It does not prevent the observers of an- the performance of a religious ordinance is other day from being arrested and brought necessary to an exemption from the require- into court, but simply affords a possible ments of the proposed law. It need hardly ground of defense; it does not therefore be said that it is outside the legitimate shield from the stigma of being treated as functions of government to require the per- criminals even those who do observe an- formance of religious rites, ceremonies, or other day ; it makes it possible for a person ordinances. of one religious belief to do on the first Another bill (H. R. 4929) has been in- LIBERTY 31 troduced, providing " that no labor in con- Senate Bill No. 1519 declares " that the structing buildings, or railroads, or hauling issuing and paying of money-orders, and the material therefor, shall be permitted in the registering of letters and delivery of reg- District of Columbia on the Sabbath day." istered mail on Sundays, is hereby pro- This bill is objectionable for the same hibited in the mail service of the United general reasons as set forth regarding H. R. States." 4897, and for the further reason that its This bill, which seems the least objection- passage would necessitate the settling of a able, has bound up in it the same danger- religious controversy by legislation. The ous principles contained in the other two, bill states that no labor of certain kinds in that the national government is to make " shall be permitted in the District of Co- a distinction between Sunday and other lumbia on the Sabbath day." There is a days. There came before the Congress of decided difference of opinion among religious denominations as to which day of the seven is " the Sabbath day." If the law should be so amended as to specify which day is meant, then the national government has decided this religious controversy. If the law does not specify the particular day, then it is left for the courts to decide a religious controversy — an undertaking which is entirely outside the purview of civil government, and outside the jurisdiction of the courts. Furthermore, the right to labor is a right of which the government can not in justice deprive the least of its cit- izens. If the government can take from the citizen the right to labor on any day, it can take from him his right to labor on all days. In country districts men are compelled by law to cease from their own toil for a certain number of days, and spend that portion of time in making and repairing roads. That is called " working out their road tax." If now men shall be compelled by law to cease labor for one seventh of their time because of the religious character of that portion of time, what tax is this POST-OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. but a religious tax? It matters not that the government requires rest instead of the United States, in the year 1829, a work on that day. If the government can memorial " praying for a repeal of so much " commondere " the day, it can direct as to of the post-office law as authorizes the mail what shall be done or shall not be done to be transported and opened on Sunday." thereon. The tax consists in the taking of The Senate Committee on Post-offices and the day rather than in what is required Post-roads, to whom the memorial had been upon the day. If, therefore, the govern- referred, said in its report: — ment sets apart one day of the seven as a If the principle is once established that relig- day upon which labor must be suspended ion, or religious observances, shall be interwoven because of the religious convictions of a with our legislative acts, we must pursue it to its portion of the people, it has in that act vir- ultimatum. We shall, if consistent, provide for tually taxed its citizens for the support of the erection of edifices for worship of the Cre- ator, and for the support of Christian ministers, religion, one seventh of their earning power, if we believe such measures will promote the and has instituted a union of church and interests of Christianity.— United States Senate state, truly, if not avowedly. Report en Sunday Mails, Jan. 19 1829. 32 LIBERTY

Concerning the same matter, the House leaders in this country is indicative not only Committee on March 5, 183o, said: — of a lack of comprehension of the sphere of If Congress shall, by the authority of law, civil government, but of the determined sanction the measure recommended, it would con- demand that America shall assume the form stitute a legislative decision of a religious contro- of religion at least. versy, in which even Christians themselves are The United States is the only nation at issue. However suited such a decision may be for an ecclesiastical council, it is incompatible which has so fully incorporated into its with a republican legislature, which is purely for charter and Constitution the principles political and not for religious purposes. . . . df enunciated by Jesus Christ; namely, " Ren- the measure recommended should be adopted, it . der to Cesar the things that are Csar's, would be difficult for human sagacity to foresee how rapid would be the succession, or how nu- and to God the things that are God's." The merous the train of measures which would follow, circumstance which leads to this teaching involving the dearest rights of all — the rights should be referred to, as the subject of of conscience. money is made part of the incident. That is what Congress, in 1829 and 1830, An attempt was made to get Jesus to saw in such legislation as that proposed say something of seditious character, which in the foregoing bills. The danger exists could he used against him by the civil to-day as really as it did then. With the government. This is always the policy of national government committed to one act religious persecutors. He was asked, " Is of religious legislation, a precedent is es- it lawful to give tribute unto Caesar ? " He tablished for anything in that nature that replied, " Show me the tribute money. . . . may be demanded of our legislators ; and Whose image and superscription is this ? " with such a course once sanctioned by the " Cxsar's." " Render unto Cxsar the federal government, there would begin an things that are Cxsar's, and to God the endless procession of religious enactments things that are God's." in every State in the Union. Religious Up to that time there had been no relig- liberty has been purchased at too great a ious inscriptions upon coins; and for the sacrifice to be lightly flung to the winds most part, images of the ruling family now. The blessings that have sprung from were used. Hence Cxsar, having coined it have been too great and too far-reaching the money, his image and superscription to justify us in turning again to the old were found thereon. It remained for _:on- regime that molded religion by court and stantine the Great, the so-called first Chris- jail and fagot, and put fetters upon the mind tian emperor, to mint a coin of significant and conscience. character. About the time of the issuing The two other Sunday bills now in Con- of the first Sunday law, A. D. 321, or soon gress, H. R. 13,471 and S. 3940, calling for thereafter, Constantine had some coins the prohibition of work and the closing of made; and according to Stanley's "History certain places of business in the District of of the Eastern Church," " his coins bore Columbia on Sunday, are of the same char- on the one side the letters of the name of acter as those already noticed, and should Christ, on the other the figure of the sun- not be passed. god and the inscription, tSol invictus ' [the unconquerable sun], as if he could not bear to relinquish the patronage of the bright Religious Motto on Coins luminary which represented to him, as to Augustus and to Julian, his own guardian S. E. HORTON deity." There is an interesting parallel IF one were to judge of the quality and between the times of Constantine and our degree of Christianity which we profess own, when we consider the Sunday law by some of the utterances used to denounce and coin questions. President Roosevelt for recommending the Let the church attend to her business of disuse of the motto, " In God We Trust," persuading the wayward and sinners to from the new coinage, he would be led to open the doors of their hearts for the Lord conclusions that would be far from compli- Jesus; for if there is any cause for alarm in mentary. In morals and in behalf of the this country, it will soon be because of the " eternal fitness of things," the President's absence of the name of God in the soul position is proper and tenable ; and the rather than because of the absence of that furor made by a large number of religious hallowed name on the coins, LIBERTY 33

President Roosevelt has evidently been The Persecuted or the Persecutors: a close student of the varied uses to which money has been put — illegal usury, ques- Which? tionable trade and barter, the saloon and T. E. BOWEN theater,— and concludes that it would be in IN scanning briefly the history of the the interest of pure religion itself to sep- past, whose record would you choose, can- arate the " chaff from the wheat." All didly, alone before your Maker — the lot good citizens should join the President in of the persecuted, or that of the persecutor? the hope that " the religious sentiment of Jesus Christ's own preaching caused the country," and " the spirit of reverence division. The clean-cut messages falling in the country," will prevent any action from his lips rebuked sin in a fearless man- being taken by Congress for the restoration ner. Wherever he went, much discussion of this motto on the coins. A contrary took place among the people. Some con- position means to perpetuate one of the tended that he spoke by divine authority; elements which goes to make up a Constan- others said, " He hath a devil, and is mad; tinian religion in very truth. His was a why hear ye him? " Thus a battle continu- system of forms and compromises, attract- ally raged between truth and error, right- ive because of its display, which finally led eousness and sin. This brought enmity to the subjugation of the state by the where before there seemed to be harmony, church, proving ruinous to both. even among members of the same family. Some questioned — if this was the right way, why all this confusion and conflicting Genealogy of Sunday Laws of elements? In reply, Jesus said: " Think 1. Younger States of America: " In not that I am come to send peace on earth: Sunday legislation we have followed the I came not to send peace, but a sword." example of the older States." It was the truth that Jesus taught that 2. Older States: " In Sunday legislation stirred up opposition. When Jesus was and judicial decision we have followed the under arrest, and was being examined by example of the oldest States." Pilate, the Roman governor, in answer to 3. Oldest States: " In the matter of Pilate's direct question, " Art thou a king Sunday legislation we have followed the then? " he said : " Thou sayest that I am" example of the original colonies." a king [a form of strong affirmation at 4. Original Colonies: " In the matter that time]. To this end have I been born, of Sunday legislation we have followed and for this cause came I into the world, the precedents and example of Old• En- that I should bear witness unto the truth." gland, which had an established relig- Please note carefully that for the one pur- ion, a church-and-state system." pose of bearing witness unto the truth, in 5. Old England: "'In the matter of the midst of all falsity and sin, the Lord Sunday laws and religious legislation, said he came into the world. Then of all they are relics of the Catholic Church, in- things esteemed great or important, Heaven corporated • among us when that church counts witnessing to the truth the most was the established church of the empire. important. When Henry VIII, about 1544, renounced The persecuted have in all ages been allegiance to the pope, we retained, and of the truth; the persecutors, of sin. The are still cherishing, these papal relics." conflict between truth and error becomes 6. Catholic Church: " Sunday laws and visible in the array of individuals who are religious legislation were incorporated actuated by, and adhere to, these two con- into our church by the craft, flattery, and flicting principles. policy of Constantine and the ambitious It is not a question as to the numbers bishops of his time, together with decrees arrayed against God's word — the truth — of the popes and councils of later date, or the worldly distinction of the men by which we transmuted the ' venerable day opposing, or the power of earthly govern- of the sun,' the ' wild solar holiday of all ments they may have to wield; but the pagan times,' into the Christian sabbath question for every person to study care- of all papal times, which is conceded by fully and settle for himself is, " Am I all Protestants who follow our example."— standing for, or arrayed against, truth?" California Missionary. Consider your Master. Alone he stood 34 LIBERTY

for his Father's word — the truth — before to see how generally the persecuted have a great church, the professed people of become in turn persecutors the moment the God, and before one of the mightiest na- power was lodged in their hands. And why ? tions of earth, the Roman republic in its — Because the true principle of Christian brightest days of worldly power. But liberty had not been grasped, and is to this which triumphed? day apprehended by only a few. The right The same conflict raged after Jesus was of any body of men to differ in opinion nailed to the cross for testifying to the from others has always been claimed by truth. His disciples fearlessly maintained, them; there is no novelty in that. From " Whether it is right in the sight of God the beginning, every Christian sect that to harken unto you [a fallen church, backed has arisen has vehemently contended for by the Roman power] more than unto God, its right to differ from others. But in few judge ye." cases has any sect conceded the right of These believers were persecuted, hated, others to differ from it, or forborne to hunted, and killed in all manner of ways. persecute when it had the power. And in simply because they loved God, obeyed him, and fearlessly witnessed for what in their souls they knew to be the truth. The masses framed laws against them, ignored them, or jeered at them, and continued to do this cruel work. Is it not worth your time to stop and carefully consider to which class you will belong? Sooner or later you will be forced to take your stand either with the one or the other. With which will you choose to be numbered when God makes his final count — the persecuted or the persecutors?

Christian Liberty " The true doctrine is not our right to think for ourselves, but the right of the other man to think for himself." THE impression very widely prevails that the battle for Christian liberty has been fought and won. So far as regards LIBERTY TREE, BOSTON COMMON persecution of the more active kind, this is the case in the larger part of the civil- our own day, each man is prompt to claim ized world. The right of the minority to and assert the right to think for himself; free speech and free action in the line of but how loath most are to concede the conscientious conviction is, in theory at equal right of all other men to think for least, conceded. themselves ! Every one resents any attempt But it is a mistake to assume that be- to coerce him into the avowal of anything cause harsh laws have been softened, hu- that he does not honestly believe, but how man nature has been radically changed. few of us fail at one time or another to The grosser forms of persecution have dis- attempt thus to coerce others. appeared, but subtler forms remain. The The true doctrine of Christian liberty intolerant spirit has survived the death of is not our right to think for ourselves, but many institutions by which intolerance was the right of the other man to think for once manifested. Christian liberty is still, himself. There is no danger now that our in a considerable degree, conceded only in rights will not be insisted upon and enforced, theory. Men still endeavor to punish those particularly if our thinking happens to fall who have the temerity to differ with them. within that of the majority. It is the other There is no cause for astonishment at man's liberty that is in danger, especially this manifestation of inconsistency. It is if he happens to be in the minority. It is one of the curious things in human history his liberty that demands defense at all haz- LIBERTY 35 ards; for if liberty is denied him, how long dug up, and a test case under it has just will it be conceded to us? been tried in the courts of the District. To demand liberty for the other man, Upon complaint of Gen. John M. Wilson, even when he differs from us, is not to Charles Robinson, a driver for J. H. Houser, admit that truth and error are essentially the District Contractor, was arraigned in one, nor to deny that it is of great conse- the Washington police court, July 31, 1907, quence what the other man believes and upon the charge of having hauled dirt on teaches. It may be our duty to oppose with Massachusetts Avenue, on Sunday, July 21, all our might what he teaches, to denounce in violation of the law referred to. This it as deadly error. But this may be done law is Section 10 of an act passed by the without identifying the man with what he Maryland legislature in 1723, entitled "An teaches, and without the display of the Act to punish blasphemers, swearers, drunk- spirit of intolerance and persecution. We ards, and Sabbath-breakers." Section 1 of need not try to make the man odious be- this act provides,— cause his opinion is odious to us. To be " That if any person shall hereafter, loyal to the truth, and yet faithfully to within this province, wittingly, maliciously, recognise the equal rights of all men to and advisedly, by writing or speaking, free thought and free speech, is not always blaspheme or curse God, or \deny our Sav- an easy task. The two, however, may be iour Jesus Christ to be the Son of God, combined. And nothing can be more cer- or shall deny the Holy Trinity, the Father, tain than that the preservation of Chris- Son, and Holy Ghost, or the Godhead of tian liberty for any is conditioned on the any of the three Persons, or the unity of concession of that liberty for all.— New the Godhead,, or shall utter any profane York Examiner. words concerning the Holy Trinity, or any of the Persons thereof, and shall be thereof convict by verdict, or confession, shall, for A Test Case in the District of the first offense, be bored through the Columbia tongue and fined twenty pounds sterling to the lord proprietor, to be applied to the W. A. COLCORD use of the country where the offense shall AMID the wide-spread agitation now on be committed, to be levied on the offender's throughout the country for Sunday enforce- body, goods and chattels, land or tenements, and in case the said fine can not be levied, the of- fender to suffer six months' im- prisonment with- out bail or main- prise; and that for the second offense, the of- fender being thereof convict as aforesaid, shall be stigma- tized by burning in the forehead with the letter B and fined forty DISTRICT COURT-HOUSE, WASHINGTON, D. C. pounds sterling to the lord pro- ment, it is interesting to note that the old prietor, to be applied and levied as afore- Maryland Sunday law of 1723,— incor- said, and in case the same can not be levied, porated by act of Congress in i8or, along the offender shall suffer twelve months' im- with other Maryland laws, as a part of the prisonment without bail or mainprise; and laws of the District of Columbia,— has been that for the third offense, the offender being 36 LIBERTY convict as aforesaid, shall suffer death with- October 29 the case came up in the police out the benefit of the clergy." court before Judge Mullowny for a pre- Section ro, the Sunday law in question, liminary hearing. One week later, No- reads as follows : — vember 5, the case was argued before the " No person whatsoever shall work or do court by the prosecuting attorney, James any bodily labor on the Lord's day, com- L. Pugh, and Attorney E. S. Duvall, who monly called Sunday, and that no person appeared for the defendant, and the judge having children, servants, or slaves, shall immediately rendered his decision to the command, or wittingly or willingly, suffer effect that the law was obsolete on account any of them to do any manner of work or of its long disuse, and inoperative and un- labor on the Lord's day, (works of neces- necessary, because its leading provisions sity and charity always excepted), nor shall had all been covered by other and later leg- islation. Mr. Robinson was dismissed. The case was at once appealed to the District Court of Appeals, the highest court of the District, Judges Shepherd, Robb, and Van Orsdel presiding, and came up for hearing before this court on Friday, Jan. Jo, 1908. In his argument against the va- lidity of the law, Lawyer Duvall read the greater portion of the act in which this Sunday law section is found, and showed that the entire act is religious, and therefore contrary to the genius of civil government and to the express terms of the first amend- ment to the Constitution. January' 21 the Court of Appeals rendered its decision sus- taining the lower court. That such laws should still be upon the statute-books of that territory which, above all other, is under the direct control of the government of the United States,— the District of Columbia,— or that there should be any question whether such laws are operative and in force here, gives a rather strange and dark background to the picture Photograph by Harris & Ewing of this land of far-famed liberty. JUDGE MULLOWNY suffer or permit any children, servants, or Nullifying Exemption Clauses slaves, to profane the Lord's day by gaming, C. M. SNOW fishing, fowling, hunting, or unlawful pas- THERE is something about Sunday laws, times or recreations; and that every person wherever they have been enacted and en- transgressing this act, and being thereof forced, which can not escape the notice of convict by the oath of one sufficient wit- thinking people, and that is the fact that ness, or confession of the party before a the special object of their attack is the single magistrate, shall forfeit two hundred religious man who conscientiously observes pounds of tobacco, to be levied and applied another day as the Sabbath than the day as aforesaid." which the Sunday law specifies. No other Section 4 provides that if the fine is not artisan, or vender, or manufacturer, or paid immediately, the offender, unless " a farmer is given such minute surveillance freeholder or other reputable person," shall by officials, detectives, self-appointed guard- " be whipped, or put in the stocks; " and ians of that law, and secret inquisitors, as Section 5 declares that " no offender shall is the Christian who chooses to worship receive above thirty-nine lashes, or be kept his Creator upon the day the Creator in the stocks above three hours, upon any has appointed. This has been demon- one conviction." strated so many times, in so many different LIBERTY 37 places, that it requires no argument to prove end of a church, the painter completely the proposition. Even where exemption obscured from the view of those passing clauses in favor of that class have been along the street. made a part of the law, the exemption has We might add many other such causes for been so manipulated as to nullify it, and arrest, but these are typical, and illustrate bring about the imprisonment of moral and the case. In many such cases the informer Christian men. has had to hunt up the one who was doing Such a procedure was reported in both the work in order to get "disturbed." the daily papers of Seymour, Ind. The The mere knowledge of the performance exemption clause in the Indiana Sunday of the quietest kind of work on Sunday law is plain and explicit; and yet the judge by a certain class is sufficient to " disturb " of the case found the accused man guilty, many an individual, and send a professed in spite of the fact that he had conscien- Christian into a law court to bring an un- tiously observ'ed the Sabbath of his choice. just accusation against his Christian Inasmuch as he had begun his piece of neighbor. This is one of the baleful results work on Saturday evening, and continued of legislating upon religious things. There it into Sunday morning, it was held that is nothing like a Sunday law to cause he had not properly observed Saturday, professed Christians to forget the true and therefore was not entitled to labor on principles of the gospel of Christ, especially the following day. His manner of observ- the principle of brotherly kindness and the ing the Sabbath was according to the golden rule. There seems to be that in Biblical arrangement, " From even unto Sunday laws that changes the " milk o f even, shall ye keep your Sabbath." human kindness " into bitter thoughts and The exponents of the law, however, took actions, and the " quality of mercy " into advantage of a technicality which renders deeds that savor of the cruelty of the unre- the intent of the lawmakers null and void. generate heart. Having in it that power and branded as a criminal this Chris- to transform the hearts and motives of tian against whom they could prefer no men, it is not surprising that exemption reasonable or legitimate charge. He was clauses in favor of liberty of conscience fined one dollar and costs, it being the should be overridden and nullified. Judged first offense. This travesty upon justice as Christ has taught us to judge things — and equity is a most discouraging and pain- by their fruit — we find religious legisla- ful comment upon the moral element in our tion unworthy the support of right-thinking boasted civilization. people, and utterly subversive of the princi- But this is only one of the legal quibbles pleF .of justice and equity. by which Christian men are made to suffer as malefactors. There have been frequent instances where such Christian men have been arrested in spite of exemption clauses, The American Constitution and fined or imprisoned. The reason given G. B. THOMPSON for this miscarriage of justice and this nul- IN a letter declining an invitation to lification of the intent of the lawmakers attend the centennial celebration of the is this: The exemption frequently specifies Constitution, W. E. Gladstone, one of the that the labors of this exempted class must most learned of English statesmen, declared be so performed that others will not be our Constitution to be " the most remark- disturbed thereby. It has developed that able work known to the modern times to any work whatever done upon that day, have been produced by human intellect at however quietly done, or however far a single stroke, so to speak, in its appli- removed from public highways, is disturb- cation to political affairs." ing to those anxious to enforce the Sunday This Constitution, including the amend- law upon other people, especially upon per- ments, constitutes the " supreme law of the sons who worship upon another day. land." Its chief glory, as we view it, is Among such disturbing work we have in the complete separation which it draws noted the following: digging potatoes in between the church and the state. There a garden for a midday meal; plowing in a are two provisions which express the sov- field far removed from a road; digging ereign will and authority of the people upon out stumps in a pasture; painting the rear this question. Article VI, Section 3, de- 38 LIBERTY

Glares that " no religious test shall ever be to the temporal power; but the American required as a qualification to any office Constitution, in harmony with the people or public trust under the United States." of the several States, withheld from the Concerning this negative provision, Dr. federal government the power to invade Philip Schaff says : " The framers of the the home of reason, the citadel of con- Constitution, remembering the persecution science, the sanctuary of the soul; and not of dissenters and non-conformists in the from indifference, but that the infinite Spirit mother country and in several American of eternal truth might move in its freedom colonies, cut the poisonous tree of perse- and purity and power."—"History of the cution by the root, and substituted for spe- Formation of the Constitution of the cific religious tests a simple oath or solemn United States of America," New York, affirmation."— "Church and State," page 1882, Vol. II, page 326. 22. By this provision of the federal Consti- We believe, however, that this clause tution, the law-making power of our nation has a wider application than this. Judge is prohibited from enacting any law touch- Joseph Story, an able expounder of the ing religion. Deciding religious contro- Constitution, says : " This clause is not versies and enforcing religious dogmas are introduced merely for the purpose of satis- not within the proper sphere of the national fying the scruples of many respectable per- government. For this reason we are un- sons who feel an invincible repugnance alterably opposed to all religious legislation to any religious test or affirmation. It had by our national legislature upon the Sab- a higher object,— to cut off forever any bath question. The observance of a day pretense of any alliance between church of rest is a religious act. It is a duty and state in the national government. The between the individual and God, and this framers of the Constitution were fully duty can be directed only by " reason and sensible of the dangers from this source, conviction, not by force or violence." marked out in the' history of other ages As a free people, we should view with and countries, and not wholly unknown alarm the fact that Congress is continually to our own. They knew that bigotry was besieged with petitions requesting the en- unceasingly vigilant in its strategems to actment of laws favoring the observance of secure to itself an exclusive ascendency Sunday. Sunday is not a civil, but a relig- over the human mind, and that intolerance ious, institution, and is therefore beyond was ever ready to arm itself with all the the purview of the civil power. Let Con- terrors of the civil power to exterminate gress legislate but once upon the question, those who doubted its dogmas or resisted and the step will be followed by disastrous its infallibility."—" Commentaries on the consequences. " Let the national legisla- Constitution of the United States," Boston, ture once perform an act which involves 1833, page 69o. the decision of a religious controversy, and More important, however, than this it will have passed its legitimate bounds. clause is the first amendment to the Con- The precedent will then be established, and stitution, which provides that " Congress the foundation laid for the usurpation of shall make no law respecting an establish- the divine prerogative in this country ment of religion, or prohibiting the free which has been the desolating scourge of exercise thereof." the fairest portions of the Old World."— This amendment has been called the Senate Report, 1829. Magna Charta of religious freedom in the National Reformers have sought to dis- United States. It separates at a stroke parage the Constitution by claiming it to between the church and the state, and takes be a godless document, in that it does not from the church the right to use secular contain the name of God ; and amendments power for the furtherance of her ends. have been urged to remedy this so-called George Bancroft well says : — defect. But this omission is a wise one. " Vindicating the right of individuality Concerning religion, the supreme law is even in religion, and in religion above all, silent, and it should be, being neither hos- the new nation dared to set the example tile nor friendly to any religion. On this of accepting in its relations to God the point Schaff well says : — principle first divinely ordained in Judea. " The absence of the names of God and It left the management of temporal things Christ, in a purely political and legal docu- LIBERTY 39 ment, no more proves denial or irreverence ureless anguish of our self-tortured race. than the absence of those names in a Its every word is distilled from the blood mathematical treatise, or the statutes of a of martyred millions. In its recital of the bank or railroad corporation. The title two brief prohibitions regarding religion ' Holiness' does not make the pope of may be heard the shriek of the myriad Rome any holier than he is, and it makes followers of Christ nailed to the crosses, the contradiction only more glaring in such of the Cmsars, the groans of three cen- characters as Alexander VI. The book turies of victims to the Roman Inquisition, of Esther and the Song of Solomon are the sigh of millions of martyrs slain by undoubtedly productions of devout wor- wheel and flood and flaming fagot, the sob shipers of Jehovah; and yet the name of and moan of desolate women through God does not occur in them. a thousand years of war for opinion, the " We may go further and say that the clash and clang of bloody steel, the thunder Constitution not only contains nothing of slaughtering chariot and canon driven which is irreligious or unchristian, but is by mortal hate and frenzy in battle-fields Christian in substance though not in form. heaped with religious murder through It is pervaded by the spirit of justice and twenty centuries of human history. From humanity, which are Christian. The First the shadow of these horrors the Consti- Amendment could not have originated in tution of this republic was made to save any pagan or Mohammedan country, but us, and protect humanity in all future." presupposes Christian civilization and cul- — William Jackson Armstrong. ture. Christianity alone has taught men We protest against Congress making any to respect the sacredness of the human law respecting religion. We do this be- personality as made in the image of God cause we are Christians ; because we love and redeemed by Christ, and to protect religion, and the nation, and its splendid its rights and privileges, including the free- liberty; and do not wish to see the ship dom of worship, against the encroachments of state wrecked upon the rocks of a union of the temporal power and the absolutism of church and state. Let the liberties of the state."—" Church and State," page guaranteed to us by the Constitution be in 40. no way abridged. It might not be out of place in this connection to call attention to the fact that the constitution of the Confederate States, The First American Declaration framed at Montgomery, Alabama, during of Independence the civil war did contain the words " Almighty God," and invoked his favor W. A. SPICER and guidance. Yet this proved nothing THE first formal declaration of Ameri- concerning the righteousness or unright- can independence was signed and pro- eousness of the Confederate cause. Fur- claimed in North Carolina. ther, that constitution, though it contained The monument commemorating the sign- the name of God, died with the Confed- ing of this declaration stands in front of eracy in 1865, while the " supreme law " the Mecklenburg County court-house, in the of the nation, which does not contain the thriving, beautiful city of Charlotte, one of name of the Deity, still lives. the industrial centers of the New South. " You have, perhaps, been somewhere In the days of 1775, the North Carolina told, as if it were the last refinement of colonists were protesting against arbitrary appreciative praise, that the Constitution acts on the part of their governor and of your country should be valued as if the crown officers. The governor met the each word were of coined substance of protests by dissolving the colonial assem- gold. Permit me to say that that eulogy bly. It was not a time, however, when re- is a sickly, sentimental slander of its mighty pressive measures could avail. guardianship of human rights. Gold in- Denied the right of protest through the deed! The American Constitution is regularly elected representatives of the drained from human agony and tears. colonial assembly, the whole people were That Constitution represents the gathered moved to demand the right of self-govern-, warnings of liberty from all ages. Its ment. every clause is conceived from the meas- Mecklenburg County led in the movement. 40 LIBERTY

Delegates met in Charlotte, the county ish us. No other being in the universe has seat, in May, 1775. The news of the first the right to intermeddle in the premises, clash of arms in Lexington had arrived, either for the sake of reward or of punish- and the men of Mecklenburg, on May 20, ment. The right of God is equally exclu- signed a declaration that the American sive of individuals and of societies. If we colonists were by all natural right free and persevere in disobedience to God, our fellow independent States, closing their declara- men may attempt to change our minds, but tion with the pledge,— only in such way as God himself has ap- " To the maintenance of which indepen- pointed; that is, by the "manifestation of dence we solemnly pledge to each other truth commending ourselves to every man's our mutual co-operation, our lives, our conscience." If these means fail, the duty fortunes, and our most sacred honor." of our fellow men to us is accomplished. Every member of the assembly was made We must then be left to our own course. a justice of the peace, for the preservation Our fellow men are not responsible for us of order, and the historic meeting ad- any further. God, henceforth, reserves the journed, each member pledging himself case for his own exclusive jurisdiction. All this, so far as civil government is concerned, is pretty generally, in theory at least, admitted. That it is as generally, however, admitted in prac- tise, could not with equal truth be asserted. The dis- tinction in civil right, which even now exists in most countries in Europe between those who wor- ship God in one way and those who worship him in another, shows that the truth on this subject has not yet wholly eradicated the persecuting usages of a darker age. Nor is our r f MI net' ;v:s..r own country yet entirely fikStME&CM e!faroorlime f 1, 1, free from the reproach of MECKLENBURG (N. C.) COURT-HOUSE; SHOWING MONUMENT interference in matters of TO SIGNERS OF THE FIRST AMERICAN DECLARATION this kind, although the evil OF INDEPENDENCE shows itself in a modified and disguised form, and "to use every exertion to spread the love pleads, in excuse, an entirely different of the country and fire of freedom through- reason. out America, until a more general and There are, however, other evils of a organized government be established in kindred character, more closely allied to this province." the spirit of the age, and which, we fear, will not be so readily eradicated. I allude The Christian's Only Legitimate to the animosities which exist between the different sects of professing Christians. Weapons These spring from the same source as those OUR duties to God, whether they be forms of persecution to which I have al- tempers of mind or actions purely indica- luded. The principle is in both cases the tive of these tempers, are matters subject same. If I have a right to interfere with to the exclusive jurisdiction of God himself. the happiness of my fellow men, on account If we obey him, he claims to himself alone of difference in religious opinions in one 'the right to reward us. If we disobey him, way, I have the same right to interfere in he claims to himself alone the right to pun- another way. If I have no right at all, LIBERTY 41 then interference with his happiness, for right to ask that, out of respect to his this cause, in any way, is a crime. feelings. I shall not on proper occasions • Suppose my Christian brother to be in express what I believe to be important error. Suppose that he also propagates truth. He has no right to cherish such error. For this he is accountable to God feelings, much less to make them the limit and not to me. I have a right to endeavor to my liberty of speech. Cherishing a can- to convince him, if he be wiling to hear did though fervent love for truth, we may me; and he enjoys the correspondent right. thus differ without altercation, and disagree When this is done, my responsibility ceases, without bitterness. If our opinions can not and here our whole relation, so far as this be supported by truth and righteousness, by matter is concerned, terminates. He has kindness and meekness, by forbearance and the same right to propagate his error that rendering of good for evil, let us abandon I have to propagate my truth. The only them ; for if they can not be sustained by weapons which I am authorized to use are such means, they surely can be • sustained considerations addressed to his understand- by no other.— Francis Wayland. ing and conscience. To use any other is persecution. A frank and manly attach- ment to our opinions, combined with a will- The Religious Education of ingness to look upon our own sentiments Children and those of others in the light of reason, is everywhere honorab'e. But to rely upon IT is frequently, maintained that children anything for the propagation of our senti- should have given to them, by the state, ments, betrays either a consciousness of the the religion of the parents. Some parents weakness of our cause or else a selfish would be better if they had the religion of disposition to invade the rights of our their children, and we have high authority neighbor. for the idea that it is possible for adults If I have no right to contend with erro- to learn something from an unsophisticated neous religious opinion, except by an appeal child,— that childhood, in fact, may be to the reason and conscience of men ; if, higher in some respects than a subsequent having done this in fairness and in love, all condition. In too many instances in our my responsibility for the progress of that barbarous state of society at present, chil- error ceases, then surely every other mode dren do acquire the religion of their par- of effort to oppose it must be persecution. ents ; •and a great pity it is. In some in- It is giving pain for the cause of religious stances it is a slum re:igion of a dangerous opinions, when I have no right to give pain. and troublesome kind. In another set of If this be so, whi:e it is allowable, nay, extreme cases, not nearly so frequent, it is while it may be commendable, to support a religion of mere greed and selfishness and what we believe, by as strong arguments as social apathy — a religion of the trough and we please, it is wrong to say or do anything the sty. . . . But looking at the matter on which would give the least unnecessary its best side, if children are to have the pain to the feelings of an opponent. It is religion of their parents, then the parents equally wrong to misstate the opinions are the right people to give it. They can of another, or to draw inferences from his not expect to have it precisely given by opinions which he has not drawn, for the deputy.— Sir Oliver Lodge, in The Con- sake of fixing upon him the odium of the temporary Review. public. When men differ in any matter of belief, let them meet each other manfully. Neither THE position of coercion taken by so has any right to take offense at opinions many of the Protestant clergy — the posi- honestly and plain:y, nay, I will say tion that although they are admittedly in a strongly, expressed. Let each allow this hopeless minority of all the people of these privilege to the other; and then put the United States, they would compel all the whole question to the issue of argument. rest of us to accept of their Sunday dogmas No man ought to wince from this. No man by recourse to law and other methods is has a right to complain because, while I al- a grievous departure from their old battle low him the same privilege, I frankly and cry of civil and religious liberty.—Rev decidedly express my opinions. He has no Thomas F. Cashman (Catholic). Temperance

The Liquor Traffic there always. They must again take their place in society. The appetite for intox- THERE is no man whose interests the liquor traffic does not imperil. There is icating drink, though subdued is not wholly destroyed; and when temptation assails no man who for his own safeguard should them, as it does on every hand, they too not set himself to destroy it. often fall an easy prey. Above all other places having to do with secular interests only, legislative halls and The man who has a vicious beast, and courts of justice should be free from the who, knowing its disposition, allows it curse of intemperance. Governors, sena- liberty, is by the laws of the land held tors, representatives, judges, men who enact accountab'e for the evil the beast may do. and administer a nation's laws, men who In the laws given to Israel the Lord di- hold in their hands the lives, the fair fame, rected that when a beast known to be vic- the possessions of their fellows, should be ious caused the death of a human being, men of strict temperance. Only thus can the life of the owner should pay the price their minds be clear to discriminate be- of his carelessness or malignity. On the tween right and wrong. Only thus can same principle the government that licenses they possess firmness of princip'e, and wis- the liquor-seller, should be held responsible dom to administer justice and to show for the results of his traffic. And if it is a mercy. . . . crime worthy of death to give liberty to a The licensing of the liittor traffic is advo- vicious beast, how much greater is the crime cated by many as tending to restrict the of sanctioning the work of the liquor- drink evil. But the licensing of the traffic seller ! places it under the protection of the law. Licenses are granted on the plea that The government sanctions its existence, they bring revenue to the public treasury. and thus fosters the evil which it professes But what is this revenue compared with to restrict. Under the protection of license the enormous expense incurred for the laws, breweries, distilleries, and wineries criminals, the insane, the paupers, that are are planted all over the land, and the liquor- the fruit of the liquor traffic! A man seller pies his work beside our very doors. under the influence of liquor commits a Often he is forbidden to sell intoxicants crime; he is brought into court ; and those to one who is drunk, or who is known to who legalized the traffic are forced to deal be a confirmed drunkard; but the work of with the result of their own work. They making drunkards of the youth goes steadily authorized the sale of a draught that would forward. Upon the creating of the liquor make a sane man mad; and now it is neces- appetite in the youth the very life of the sary for them to send the man to prison or traffic depends. The youth are led on, step to the gallows whi'e often his wife and by step, until the liquor habit is established, children are left destitute, to become the and the thirst is created that at any cost charge of the community in which they demands satisfaction. Less harmful would live. it be to grant liquor to the confirmed drunk- Considering only the financial aspect of ard, whose ruin, in most cases, is already the question, what folly it is to tolerate determined, than to permit the flower of such a business! But what revenue can our youth to be lured to destruction through compensate for the loss of human reason, this terrible habit. for the defacing and deforming of the By the licensing of the liquor traffic, image of God in man, for the ruin of chil- temptation is kept constantly before those dren, reduced to pauperism and degradation, who are trying to reform. Institutions have to perpetuate in their children the evil ten- been established where the victims of in- dencies of their drunken fathers? temperance may be helped to overcome their The honor of God, the stability of the appetite. This is a noble work; but so long nation, the well-being of the community, of as the sale of liquor is sanctioned by law, the home, and of the individual, demand the intemperate receive little benefit from that every possible effort be made in arous- inebriate asylums. They can not remain ing the people to the evil of intemperance. LIBERTY 43

Soon we shall see the result of this terrible individual rights than when it makes laws evil as we do not see it now. Who will put against theft, murder, or any other offense forth a determined effort to stay the work against civil society. of destruction ? As yet the contest has hardly begun. Let an army be formed to stop the sale of the drugged liquors that are A Good Creature of God making men mad. Let the danger from the liquor traffic be made plain, and a public DR. GUTHRIE says: ".I have heard a man sentiment be created that shall demand its with a bottle of whisky before him have prohibition. Let the drink-maddened men the impudence and assurance to say, Every be given an opportunity to escape from creature of God is good, •and nothing to their thraldom. Let the voice of the nation be refused, if it be received with thanks- demand of its lawmakers that a stop be put giving; ' and he would try to persuade me to this infamous traffic.—From "Ministry that what was made in the still-pot was a of Healing," by Mrs. E. G. White. creature of God. " In one sense it is so; but in the same sense so is arsenic, so is oil of vitriol, so is prussic acid. Think of a person tossing Claims of Anti,Prohibitionists off a glass of vitriol, and excusing himself Examined by saying that it is a creature of God. K. C. RUSSELL He wou'd not use many such, creatures, ONE of the stock arguments which is that's all I say. Whisky is good in its used by those who are championing the place. There is nothing in this world like cause of intemperance is that prohibition whisky for preserving a man after he is does not prohibit. It seems a little strange dead. But it is one of the worst things in that saloon-keepers and those engaged in the world for preserving a man when be other ways in the liquor traffic are opposed is living. If you want to keep a dead man, to prohibition, if it does not prohibit. The put him in whisky ; if you want to kill a very fact that those who are in favor of living man, put whisky into him." the liquor traffic are engaged in opposing prohibition so strenuously, is strong proof that they know that prohibition does pro- " Take a Drop " hibit. All can be assured that if prohi- " COME in, Patrick, and .take a drop of bition did not prohibit, the friends of the something," said one Irishman to another. liquor cause would certainly line up on the " No, Mike; I'm afraid of drops ever side of prohibition. since Tim Flaherty died." The effectiveness of prohibition has " Well, what about Tim? " passed its experimental stage. It has been " He was one of the liveliest fel!ows in demonstrated that it does prohibit. As these parts. But he began the drop business evidence of this fact, we refer to the States in Barney Shannon's saloon. It was a where it has been tested. drop of something out of a bottle at first. It is further argued that when the state But in a little while Tim took a few drops legislates against the liquor traffic, one's too much, and then he dropped into the personal rights are invaded, the same as gutter. He dropped his place, he dropped if the state should legislate upon religious his coat and hat, he dropped his money; questions. The difference between the two he dropped everything but his thirst for is broad and clear. When the state enters strong drink. Poor Tim ! But the worst the realm of religion, it interferes with the is to come. He got crazy with drink one rights of conscience. The state has nothing day and kil'ed a man. And the last time whatever to do with religious questions. I saw him he was taking his last' drop with Her sphere pertains to civil matters, and a slipping noose around his neck. I have to these alone. quit the dropping business, Mike. I have The liquor traffic comes within the realm seen too many good fellows when whisky of civil law, because it is a menace to had the drop on them. They took just a society and life. It can, therefore, be drop from the bottle, then they dropped properly prohibited by the state. In doing into the gutter, and then they dropped into this, the' state is no more interfering with the grave. No rumseller can get a drop 44 LIBERTY in me any more, and if you don't drop him, Alcohol Mike, he will drop you." WHEN a boy, we heard a drunkard boast- The whisky business is a lawless des- ing that no man had ever been able to perado. It tries to " get the drop " on boys throw him in a wresting match. Said a and girls, on men and women, on politi- bystander, " There is one that has thrown cians and officers. The train-robber pre- you many times." " Who?" demanded the sents his pistol with the demand, " Your boaster. " Hall," was the reply. " What money or your life." Rum gives no such Hall?" said the boaster. " Alco-Hol," was alternative; its demand is, " Your money the response. and your life."— Selected. Of course the joke created a laugh; but what a suggestion was in it! A!cohol has not only thrown but slain his thousands. Some Lessons in Figures All along the stream of time lie the wrecks THE folowing figures are worthy of care- of life. Human caricatures, man-made ful study; for they show how much of the brutes, tears of wives, cries of children, people's money is spent. In thirty years ruined homes, paupers' graves, and moun- the drink bill per capita in the United tains of crime, mark the pathway of the States has increased fivefold. ravages of this hydra-headed, Briarean- In 1875 intoxicants cost $5 per capita. handed, stony-hearted giant.— Signs of the In 1885 intoxicants cost $11 per capita. Times. In 1895 intoxicants cost $15 per capita. In 1905 intoxicants cost $25 per capita. Temperance Brieflets In 1905 the citizens of this so-ca:led_, GRAPE JUICE has kilted more than grape " Christian nation" spent $1,600,000.000 for shot.— Spurgeon. intoxicants; $600,000,000 for pleasure ; Strong drink is not only the devil's way $24,000,000 for chewing-gum; $1o,000,000 into a man, but a man's way to the devil. for poodle dogs; and $8 000,000 a day for —Adam Clarke. gamb:ing. The amount contributed to I oppose drink because it opposes me. foreign missions was $7.500,000. The work I try to do it undoes.— Lord Brougham. Drink is the mother of want and the Words of Warning nurse of crime.— Lord Brougham. IN persuance of its campaign against Nine-tenths of our poverty, squalor, vice, strong drink a few years ago, the French and crime spring from this poisonous tap- Anti-A lcohol Society displayed on walls root. Society, by its habits, customs, and and other suitable places in Paris, small laws, has greased the slope down which bills, on which were printed short sentences these poor creatures slide to perdition.— intended to give pause to bibulous pers-ns, General Booth. such as the following: — Nothing is so great a friend to the mind Alcohol nowadays is responsible for of man as temperance. It strengftens the more ravages than pestilence, famine, or memory, clears the appreer s'on, and war.— Gladstone. sharpens the judgment, aril, in a word, Alcohol is no more a digester than an gives reason its free scope of action.— appetizer. In whatever shape it presents Dr. South. itself, it is only a poison.— Fransisque Sarcey. Our Annual Drink Bill Do you know what that man is drinking IN its issue of May 8, 1907, the American from the glass which shakes in his trem- Grocer gave its estimate of the annual bling hand? — He is drinking the tears and drink of the United States, for the year the blood and the life of his wife and ending June 3o, 1906, as follows : — children.— Lainonnais. Beer $852 Alcohol gives neither health nor strength 974,955 Spirits 495,083,239 nor warmth nor happiness. It does noth- Wines 102,797,254 ing but harm.— Tolstoi Alliance Nezvs, London. Total $1,450,855,448 LIBERTY 45

News and Notes of Labor, says: " The American Federation of Labor has emphatically declared itself in A SUNDAY bill was introduced in the favor of the Sunday rest." Oklahoma legislature early in December. Consequent upon the Sunday-enforcement The supreme court of Idaho ha; rendered crusade started in Kansas City, Mo., by a decision sustaining the constitutionalty Judge Wm. H. Wallace, to,' It indictments of the recently enacted State Sunday law. for violating the State Sunday law have Thus far five Sunday bills have been in- been returned by the county grand' jury troduced into the present Congress, four since September 20. for the District of Columbia, and one rela- Chicago, New York, Boston, Kansas City, ting to the postal service. Topeka, Omaha, and many other places In his recent trip around the world, Mr. have been having a turn at the enforcement W. F. Crafts perfected branches of his of the " b:ue laws." As a Pennsylvania International Reform Bureau in five of the paper puts it, there has been a " formidable leading cities of Austra:ia. uprising against the violators of the Sunday The Ministers' Federation of Seattle, laws " throughout the country. Wash., passed a resolution recently to the September 4, George B. Thomson and D. effect that the officials should perform their A. Deedon, of Manchester, Tenn., both ob- duty in enforcing the Sunday law of that servers of the seventh day, were tried for city. Sunday labor, and fined five dollars and Justice O'Gorman, of the supreme court costs, amounting in all to $47.80. The labor of New York, rendered a decision Decem- for which they were indicted was the ber 2, sustaining the State Sunday law, in stretching of a wire fence to keep the cattle out of their corn. a test case invo:ving the closing of theaters on Sunday. A young man in the German army was recently sentenced to seven months' im- A leaflet entitled, "A Christian Appeal in Behalf of Sunday Observance," is being prisonment for refusing, on account of con- circulated in Washington, D. C. It is scientious convictions, to do military duty signed by eighteen clergymen, including a on the seventh day, which he regards as the Roman Catholic priest. Sabbath. For the same offense, another young man in Argentina, South America, For refusing to testify in court on Sat- was flogged until he was unable to walk. urday, on account of her regard for that day as the Sabbath, a woman in the State The Trenton (N. J.) Times quotes the of Washington not long ago was sentenced following from the Redbank Register: to twenty days' imprisonment. " The blue-laws ought to be wiped from On account of so many of the parents of the statute-books. They serve no good pur- children in the public schools in New York pose. They are enforced only when some City being Jews, serious difficulties have malicious person desires to injure his neigh- bor. Laws which permit this are worse arisen there in regard to Christmas exer- than useless: they are harmful. . . . It is cises and the singing of Christian hymns time this weapon of malice was' strkken in the schools. from the statute-book." Section 2 of Article of the Oklahoma At the annual meeting of the National constitution provides fdr "perfect toleration of religious sentiment " in that State. If Reform Association, held Dec. 4, 1907, at Columbus, Ohio, a resolution was passed, the days of religious toleration have re- stating that " our Sabath laws ought to be turned, the days of religious intolerance carefully maintained, but we should beware may not be far off. of placing our chief dependence upon these In a letter dated Sept. 14, 1907, addressed laws." From the wide-spread clamor for to Dr. T. T. Mutchler, president of the In- Sunday enforcement, this, it appears, is ternational Federation of Sunday Rest •As-- about where the " chief dependence " is sociations of America, Mr. Samuel Gom- being placed by many religious people to- pers, president of the American Federation day. THE MARVEL OF NATIONS

This remarkable book contains a portrayal of American progress since the founding of the nation to the close of the nineteenth century, when this nation stood as one of the first nations of the world. The manner of its rise and its political nature are evidence of its prophetic importance. While the historical past and the prophetic present of this nation are of great interest to the American people, the principal and most interesting feature in this work is its teaching of the Scriptural future of the United States. As evidence of the public appreciation of this work, the 300,000 copies circu- lated will testify. The work contains 324 pages. Beautifully and substantially hound in two styles. Cloth, plain edges $1.25 Cloth, gilt edges 1.5o Also issued in Danish, Swedish, and German at the same prices.

Religious Liberty Leaflets

For convenience and economy in general circulation, a series of leaflets has been prepared in which the main features of religious liberty are briefly yet forcibly and conclusively presented. The title of each tract in the following list indicates the nature of its contents, and the figures to the right of the titles give the number of pages in each tract, also the price per too, post-paid: - Per Per Pages 100 Pages 100 I. "Principles Too Little Under- 7. " The Church's Greatest Need To- stood " 8 $.50 day " 4 .25 2. "Sunday Laws " 8 .50 8. " Church Federation " 12 .75 3. " Logic of Sabbath Legislation". 8 .50 9. " Limits of Civil Authority " 4 .25 4. " The Civil Sabbath " 12 .75 10. " A Vital Question - Is the Sab- 5. " Civil Government and the bath a Civil Institution? ".... 8 .50 Church " 4 .25 11. " What Are Works of Charity and 6. " Religious Liberty - What Emi- Necessity? " 4 .25 nent Authorities Say " 12 .75 12. " Backward States " 8 .50 Other Tracts and Pamphlets

We also have a limited supply of the following tracts and pamphlets, which we will supply as long as our present stock lasts: - Prices Prices " How Shall We Reform Society? " $ 00% " Papacy and Prophecy, or the Sov- " Alexander Campbell on the Enforcement ereign Pontiff and the Church of of Stutday Observance" 021/2 Rome " $ 04 " The toittinbiati' Year, and the Meaning " What Do These Things Mean? " 021/2 Of the Pour Centuries " .05 " Christian Citizenship " .01 " Congress on Sunday Laws " 01% " Appeal and Remonstrance " .03 " Sunday TAWS In' the United States "... .03 " Baptist Principles of Religious Liberty " .05 " Rellgiotts 1,,lberty and the Mormon Ques- " Appeal from the United States Supreme tion" 02% Court Decision Making This a Chris- " The•Prement Crisis and Our Duty " .02% tian Nation - A Protest " .15 " The• Power of BIN Coming " 01% " The Captivity of the Republic " .15 " Religi' u. Persecution, or the Blue Laws "Due Process of Law and the Divine Revived .08 Right of Dissent " .15 " The Puritan Sabbath for Physical Rest " .01% " The Legal Sunday, Its History and " Christ and the Pharisees " 05 Character " .40 Address - REVIEW AND HERALD PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION, Takoma Park, Washington, D. C. A Few Good Religious Liberty Books

" The Rise of Religious Liberty in Amer- " Church and State in the United States." ica." By Sanford H. Cobb. An excellent By Dr. Phillip Schaff. A book in which book of 552 pages setting forth the sub- the American idea of religious freedom ject of Religious Liberty in America in and its principal effects are stated. Pub- an interesting and instructive manner. lished by Charles Scribner's Sons, New Published by the Macmillan Co., New York. Price, $1.5o. York. Price, $4.00. " The Progress of Religious Freedom." By

44 Phillip Schaff, D. a, LL. D. A work The Sabbath in Puritan New England." of 126 pages recording the history of By Alice Morse Earle. A work that toleration acts from the .time of Con- gives many interesting facts associated stantine to the establishment of the with the early history of the New Eng- American government. Published by land States. Published by Charles Charles Scribner's Sons, New York. Scribner's Sons, New York. 335 pages. Price, $1.5o. Price, $1.25. " The Struggle for Religious Liberty in " Virginia Presbyterianism in Colonial and Virginia." A most excellent work, by Revolutionary Times." By Thomas C. Charles F. James, D. D., giving a clear Johnson. A very interesting and in- insight into the causes which led to the structive little work of 128 pages. re- disestablishment of religion in Virginia, cently issued. It covers practically the and the working out of those grand same ground .as the work entitled, " The principles of religious liberty which Struggle for Religious Liberty in Vir- were subsequently adopted by the found- ginia." Published by the Presbyterian ers of the government of the United Committee of Publication, Richmond, States. Published by J. P. Bell Com- Virginia. Prices, 25 and 5o cents. pany, Lynchburg, Va. Price, $1.25. Any of the above-named books may be secured direct from the publishers of LIBERTY. Address Review and Herald Publishing Association, Takoma Park, D. C.

Life and Healtl? A Monthly Magazine of Health and Temperance

Life and Health is a 48-page illustrated Department, in which answers are given to monthly, devoted to the promotion of hy- correspondents upon topics in which they gienic principles governing human life, con- are especially interested. Each number taining contributions of timely importance contains a department of News Notes, in from writers of national reputation who are which the latest news concerning, reforms recognized authorities on the topics treated, is given; a Current Comment Department, and strong editorials from practising physi- in which the editor gives the pith and point cians; it contains a department of Health- of his counsels and advice to his patients ful Cookery and Household Suggestions, upon subjects of a general nature. also a Mothers' Department, in which are given helpful suggestions to mothers along Annual subscription, 75 cents. practical lines; a Questions and Answers To foreign countries, $1.00.

LIFE AND HEALTH Takoma Park Washington, D. C. 48 LIBERTY

ON Sunday, January 12, the clergy of LIBERTY nearly all the denotninations in the District of Columbia, Protestants and Catholics, ac- The Official Organ of the Religious cording to previous arrangement preached Liberty Bureau sermons upon the subject of the observance Department of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists of Sunday in the District. Some confined themselves to the religious phase of the WASHINGTON, D. C., FIRST QUARTER, 1908 question, while others vehemently de- manded legislation by Congress for the Subscription Price - - 25 cents per year protection of the day. A Christian Ap- To Foreign Countries - 35 " " " peal in Behalf of Sunday Observance" has Published Quarterly by been " prepared by the appointment of the REVIEW & HERALD PUBLISHING ASSN. Christian ministers of this city in confer- TACOMA PARK STATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. ence called by the Interdenominational Committee upon Sunday observance in the

Entered as second-class matter, Mae I, loth, at the Capital," and is being circulated. We wel- post office at Washington, D. C., under the act of Congress of March 3, 1179. come a frank and full discussion of the subject, but we strongly deprecate any at- tempt to secure from Congress a decision LIBERTY is now having a circulation of on this question in the form of a law which about sixty-five thousand copies an issue. would compel the conscience. All who receive this issue are invited to become regular readers. The terms of sub- scription are announced on this page. ON Monday, January 13, Mr. Lamar, of Missouri, introduced a Sunday bill (H. R. 13,471) into Congress — the fourth since WE hope all our readers will be pleased the opening of the present session. This with the new design for the front cover bill is patterned after the Sunday law of page. The symbolism is simple but ex- the State of Missouri. In introducing the pressive — the cap of liberty separating the bill Mr. Lamar said that " every State in symbols of the church from those of the the Union has laws governing this subject, state. Only with such a " friendly separa- and the national capital certainly should tion " can there be liberty, peace, and pros- have." Mr. Lamar should have made an perity for both the church and the state. honorable exception in favor of the State of California, upon whose statute-books THE memorial on religious legislation there exists at present no Sunday law, al- which is printed on pages 16-21 in this though a vigorous effort was made to se- issue of LIBERTY, is a document worthy cure one at the last session of the legisla- of the serious study of all our readers. ture. We may have occasion to refer to It is a dignified and forcible presentation of Mr. Lamar's bill in the next issue of LIB- the views of those who, as Christians and ERTY. The following day, January 14, still friends of both the church and the state, another District Sunday bill (S. 3940) are opposed to any alliance between relig- was introduced in the Senate, by Senator ion and government. This memorial was Johnston, of Alabama. making five Sunday laid before the Senate by Senator Julius bills introduced thus far in the present C. Burrows of Michigan, and presented in Congress. the House by Representative Richard Bar- tholdt of Missouri, on Jan. 29, 1908. The " WHEN the white man governs himself, friends of religious liberty would do well that is self-government; but when he gov- to call the attention of their congressmen erns another man, that is more than self- to the principles emphasized in this me- government,— that is despotism."—A. Lin- morial. coln. iezz 4,‹

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A Facsimile of a Part of Gen. U. S. Grant's Speech at Des Moines, Iowa, in 1875 Lincoln Monument, Washington, D. C.