Flora of China 12: 178–184. 2007.

3. AMPELOPSIS Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 159. 1803. 蛇葡萄属 she pu tao shu Chen Zhiduan (陈之端); Jun Wen (文军) , woody, hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious. Tendrils 2- or 3-branched. Leaves simple, 1- or 2-pinnately or pal- mately compound. Inflorescence a corymbose cyme, leaf-opposed or pseudoterminal, often at tips of tendrils. Flowers 5-merous. Ca- lyx saucer-shaped. Petals 5, free. Disk well developed, margin undulately lobed. Stamens 5. Style conspicuous; stigma inconspicu- ously expanded. Berry spherical, 1–4-seeded. Seed obovoid, base rostrate, apex rounded; cross-section of endosperm M-shaped. About 30 : Asia, Central and North America, with most species in E Asia and two species in SW Asia; 17 species (13 endemic) in China. 1a. Leaves simple, undivided or 3–5-divided, but not deeply so to base. 2a. Branchlets, petioles, and leaf blade glabrous or abaxially with tufts of hairs limited to vein axils. 3a. Leaves conspicuously 3–5-divided. 4a. Leaves with 3–5 broad lobes (lobed up to middle), notch obtuse or acute ...... 6. A. humulifolia 4b. Leaves with 3–5 deep lobes, notch rounded ...... 7. A. acerifolia 3b. Leaves undivided or slightly 3–5-cleft. 5a. Leaf margin irregularly toothed, usually with large, elliptic, triangular, or narrowly triangular teeth (to 1 cm) ...... 3. A. acutidentata 5b. Leaf margin with shallow, broadly triangular teeth. 6a. Leaf abaxially pale green, upper two lobes short or inconspicuous ...... 1. A. bodinieri 6b. Leaf abaxially green, upper two lobes triangular, conspicuous, and slightly extending outward ...... 2. A. glandulosa 2b. Branchlets, petioles, and leaf blade abaxially pubescent with soft hairs or villous. 7a. Leaves 3–5-divided, lobed conspicuously to middle, rarely only slightly lobed or undivided. 8a. Pedicels usually 1–1.5 mm, rarely to 2 mm ...... 2. A. glandulosa 8b. Pedicels 2–3 mm. 9a. Leaves elliptic-ovate, usually 5-divided, abaxially with dense grayish hairs ...... 1. A. bodinieri 9b. Leaves elliptical-pentangular or cordate-pentangular, usually 3-divided with lobes to middle, abaxially with short hairs ...... 6. A. humulifolia 7b. Leaves undivided or slightly 3–5-cleft. 10a. Leaves pentangular-ovate or cordate, 3–5-lobed, margin with large, sharp teeth ...... 2. A. glandulosa 10b. Leaves ovate or cordate, margin with rounded teeth. 11a. Blades undivided, base conspicuously cordate, margin with regular teeth, both surfaces pubescent ...... 2. A. glandulosa 11b. Blades slightly 3–5-divided, margin with irregular teeth. 12a. Upper part of leaves irregularly divided, leaves with dense grayish appressed hairs ...... 4. A. mollifolia 12b. Upper part of leaves conspicuously 3-lobed, leaves densely scabrous ...... 5. A. tomentosa 1b. Leaves palmately or pinnately compound. 13a. Leaves 3–7-palmate. 14a. Branchlets, petioles, or leaf blade abaxially sparsely pubescent; leaves 3- or 5-foliolate. 15a. Leaves 3-foliolate, leaflets undivided, or only base of lateral leaflets divided ...... 8. A. delavayana 15b. Leaves 5-foliolate, leaflets pinnatifidly divided, or margin with coarse teeth ...... 9. A. aconitifolia 14b. Branchlets, petioles, and leaf blade abaxially glabrous; leaves 3–5-foliolate. 16a. Leaflets pinnatipartite, lower half attenuate into wings ...... 10. A. japonica 16b. Leaflets toothed or lobed at margin, not pinnatipartite ...... 8. A. delavayana 13b. Leaves pinnate to bipinnate. 17a. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences glabrous. 18a. Leaves green on both surfaces, leaflet margin with large, conspicuous teeth. 19a. Tendril trifurcate; leaflets 4–12 × 2–6 cm ...... 11. A. megalophylla 19b. Tendril bifurcate; leaflets 2–5 × 1–2.5 cm ...... 17. A. grossedentata 18b. Leaves abaxially strongly glaucous, leaflet margin entire or with fine teeth. 20a. Leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, blades 7–15 × 3–7 cm ...... 14. A. chaffanjonii 20b. Leaflets usually 4–6 pairs, blades 2.5–6 × 1–3.5 cm ...... 16. A. hypoglauca 17b. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence rachises pubescent. 21a. Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence rachises pubescent with short gray hairs; branchlets terete. 22a. Dried leaflets light green, margin coarsely toothed, central leaflet ovate-elliptic ...... 11. A. megalophylla 22b. Dried leaflets abaxially yellowish brown, margin ± undulate, central leaflet obovate or ovate ...... 13. A. cantoniensis 12: 178–184. 2007.

21b. Branchlets, petioles, rachises, pedicels, and leaflets abaxially ferruginous pilose; branchlets conspicuously 4–6-ridged. 23a. Leaflets 3.5–14 × 2–6.5 cm, margin 5–15-toothed, abaxially densely ferruginous pilose; berries 8–15 mm in diam...... 12. A. rubifolia 23b. Leaflets 3–6 × 0.5–3 cm, margin entire or with 1 to several inconspicuous teeth, midvein abaxially sparsely pilose; berries 5–7 mm in diam...... 15. A. gongshanensis 1. Ampelopsis bodinieri (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) Rehder, J. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges; tendrils 2- or 3- Arnold Arbor. 15: 23. 1934. branched. Leaves simple, 3–5-cleft, usually mixed with some undivided leaves; petiole 1–7 cm; leaf blade 3.5–14 × 3–11 cm, 蓝果蛇葡萄 lan guo she pu tao basal veins 5, lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, veinlets inconspicuously Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous; ten- raised, base cordate, notches nearly obtuse, rarely rounded, drils bifurcate. Leaves simple; petiole 2.5–6 cm, glabrous; leaf- margin with acute teeth, apex acute. Peduncle 1–2.5 cm. Pedi- lets ovate or ovate-elliptic, undivided or slightly 3-lobed, 7– cel 1–3 mm. Buds ovoid, 1–2 mm, apex rounded. Petals ovate- 12.5 × 5–12 cm, basal veins 5, lateral veins 4–6 pairs, veinlets elliptic, 0.8–1.8 mm. Anthers narrowly elliptic. Lower part of inconspicuously raised, base cordate or slightly so, margin with ovary adnate to disk; style slightly enlarged at base. Berry 5–8 9–19 sharp teeth, apex cuspidate or acuminate. Compound di- mm in diam., 2–4-seeded. Seed narrowly elliptic. Fl. Apr–Aug, chasium loose; peduncle 2.5–6 cm, glabrous. Pedicel 2.5–3 fr. Jul–Oct. mm, glabrous. Buds elliptic, 2.5–3 mm. Calyx teeth inconspic- uous, glabrous, margin undulate. Petals elliptic, 2–2.5 mm. Fila- Forests in valleys, shrublands on hillsides, on trees or shrubs; below 100–2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, ments filiform; anthers yellow, elliptic. Disk 5-lobed. Ovary Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, conical; style slightly enlarged at base. Berry 6–8 mm in diam., Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Japan, 3- or 4-seeded. Seed ovoid-elliptic, slightly flat, rostrum acute, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam]. surface smooth, chalazal knot zonate and attenuate, ventral holes furrowed. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maximowicz) Trautvetter f. pu- berula W. T. Wang (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 78. 1979), described ● Forests or shrublands in valleys or on hillsides; 200–3000 m. from Jiangxi, probably belongs here but could not be identified with a Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, particular variety because no material was seen by the authors. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. 1a. Leaves abaxially glabrous or only with 1a. Leaves glabrous ...... 1a. var. bodinieri tufts of hairs at joints of veins. 1b. Leaves abaxially with gray hairs ...... 1b. var. cinerea 2a. Leaves on flowering branches unlobed ...... 2c. var. hancei 1a. Ampelopsis bodinieri var. bodinieri 2b. Leaves on flowering branches 蓝果蛇葡萄(原变种) lan guo she pu tao (yuan bian zhong) 5-angular, with 2 conspicuous lobes on upper half ...... 2e. var. kulingensis Vitis bodinieri H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Agric. 1b. Leaves abaxially or only veins pilose Sarthe 40: 36. 1905; Ampelopsis micans Rehder; V. micans or crinite. (Rehder) Bean. 3a. Leaves abaxially ferruginous Leaves glabrous. crinite ...... 2a. var. glandulosa 3b. Leaves abaxially sparsely pilose ● Forests in valleys, shrublands on shaded hillsides; 200–3000 m. on veins. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, 4a. Leaves cordate, often 3–5-lobed Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. to middle ...... 2b. var. heterophylla 1b. Ampelopsis bodinieri var. cinerea (Gagnepain) Rehder, J. 4b. Leaves cordate or sometimes Arnold Arbor. 15: 23. 1934. 3–5-lobed ...... 2d. var. brevipedunculata 灰毛蛇葡萄 hui mao she pu tao 2a. var. glandulosa Ampelopsis heterophylla (Thunberg) Siebold & Zuccarini 蛇葡萄(原变种) she pu tao (yuan bian zhong) var. cinerea Gagnepain in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 1: 101. 1911; A. Vitis glandulosa Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 479. micans var. cinerea (Gagnepain) Rehder; Vitis lyjoannis H. 1824; Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maximowicz) Trautvetter Léveillé. var. ciliata (Nakai) F. Y. Lu; A. brevipedunculata var. vestita Leaves abaxially gray pubescent. (Rehder) Rehder; A. glandulosa var. ciliata (Nakai) Momi- yama; A. glandulosa var. vestita (Rehder) Momiyama; A. ● Forests or shrublands on hillsides; ca. 1300 m. Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan. heterophylla (Thunberg) Siebold & Zuccarini var. ciliata Nakai; A. heterophylla subvar. wallichii Planchon; A. hetero- 2. Ampelopsis glandulosa (Wallich) Momiyama, Bull. Univ. phylla var. sinica (Miquel) Merrill; A. heterophylla var. vestita Mus. Univ. Tokyo 2: 78. 1971. Rehder; A. sinica (Miquel) W. T. Wang; V. sinica Miquel. 蛇葡萄 she pu tao Branchlets, petioles, abaxial leaf surface, and rachises fer- Flora of China 12: 178–184. 2007.

ruginous crinite. Pedicel, calyx, and petals ferruginous pubes- 牯岭蛇葡萄 gu ling she pu tao cent. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep–Jan. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. kulingensis Rehder, Forests in valleys, shrublands on shaded hillsides; below 100– Gentes Herb. 1: 36. 1920; A. heterophylla var. kulingensis 2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, (Rehder) C. L. Li. Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [India, Myanmar, Nepal]. pubescent to nearly glabrous. Leaves on flowering 2b. Ampelopsis glandulosa var. heterophylla (Thunberg) Mo- branches conspicuously 5-angled, upper 2 lobes conspicuously miyama, J. Jap. Bot. 52: 30. 1977. extended. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep. 异叶蛇葡萄 yi ye she pu tao ● Forests in valleys, shrublands on hillsides; 300–1600 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Si- Vitis heterophylla Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, chuan, Zhejiang. 244. 1784; Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. heterophylla (Thunberg) H. Hara; A. brevipedunculata var. maximowiczii 3. Ampelopsis acutidentata W. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. (Regel) Rehder; A. heterophylla (Thunberg) Siebold & Zuccari- 17(3): 78. 1979. ni (1845), not Blume (1825); A. humulifolia Bunge var. hetero- jian chi she pu tao phylla (Thunberg) K. Koch; A. regeliana Carrière; V. hetero- 尖齿蛇葡萄 phylla var. maximowiczii Regel. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous; ten- drils bifurcate. Leaves simple; stipules caducous; petiole 1.5–4 Branchlets, petioles, and peduncles sparsely pilose. cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate, 2.5–7.5 × 3–7 cm, glabrous, Leaves often 3–5-lobed to middle, cordate or ovate, abaxially basal veins 5, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs, veinlets inconspicuously sparsely pilose on veins, adaxially glabrous. Pedicel and calyx raised, base truncate or subtruncate, margin with several, irreg- sparsely pubescent. Petals subglabrate. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Jul–Oct. ular, sharp, acute teeth, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescence 200–1800 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, a corymbose polychasium, pseudoterminal or leaf-opposed; Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, peduncle 1.3–3 cm, glabrous. Pedicel 2–3 mm, glabrous. Buds Liaoning, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan]. ovoid, 1.5–2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx glabrous, lobed. Petals 2c. Ampelopsis glandulosa var. hancei (Planchon) Momi- ovate-elliptic, 1.3–1.8 mm, glabrous. Anthers oval. Ovary ad- yama, J. Jap. Bot. 52: 30. 1977. nate to disk at lower part; style conical. Berry 7–8 mm in diam., 1-seeded. Seed obovoid, chalazal knot elliptic. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. 光叶蛇葡萄 guang ye she pu tao Sep–Oct. Ampelopsis heterophylla var. hancei Planchon in A. Can- ● Shrublands, rocky places on hillsides; 2000–3200 m. Sichuan, dolle & C. Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 5: 475. 1887; A. brevi- Xizang, Yunnan. pedunculata var. hancei (Planchon) Rehder; A. sinica var. 4. Ampelopsis mollifolia W. T. Wang, Bull. Bot. Res., Har- hancei (Planchon) W. T. Wang. bin 6(4): 21. 1986. Branchlets, petioles, and leaves usually glabrous. Leaves 毛叶蛇葡萄 mao ye she pu tao on flowering branches unlobed. Fl. Apr–Jun, fr. Aug–Oct. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, with dense, 100–600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hu- nan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Japan, long white-grayish hairs. Leaves simple; stipules brown, ovate, Philippines]. ca. 2 × 1–2.5 mm, membranous; petiole 1–2.5 cm, with dense white-grayish crinite hairs; leaf blade ovate, 4–6.5 × 3–6 cm, 2d. Ampelopsis glandulosa var. brevipedunculata (Maxim- abaxially densely grayish crinite, adaxially densely pilose, hairs owicz) Momiyama, J. Jap. Bot. 52: 30. 1977. grayish and curly, basal veins 3, lateral veins 3 or 4 pairs, 东北蛇葡萄 dong bei she pu tao veinlets raised abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, base broadly cuneate to nearly truncate, margin with 12–16 rounded teeth on Cissus brevipedunculata Maximowicz, Mém. Acad. Imp. each side, apex acute. Inflorescence a polychasium or com- Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 9: 68. 1859; Ampelopsis pound dichasium, leaf-opposed; peduncle 1–2.5 cm, densely brevipedunculata (Maximowicz) Trautvetter; A. heterophylla gray-white crinite. Pedicel 2–2.5 mm, glabrous. Buds oval, 1.8– var. amurensis Planchon; A. heterophylla var. brevipedunculata 2.5 mm, apex rounded. Calyx glabrous, undulately lobed. Petals (Maximowicz) C. L. Li; C. humulifolia (Bunge) Regel var. ovate, 1.6–2.3 mm, glabrous. Anthers oval. Lower part of ovary brevipedunculata (Maximowicz) Regel; Vitis brevipedunculata adnate to disk; style conical. Fl. Jul. (Maximowicz) Dippel. ● Riverside shrublands; ca. 1300 m. Sichuan. Leaves cordate or slightly 3–5-lobed, abaxially sparsely pilose on veins, adaxially glabrous, margin with obtuse to sharp 5. Ampelopsis tomentosa Planchon ex Franchet, Bull. Soc. teeth. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Oct. Bot. France 33: 459. 1886. ● On trees in valleys, on shrubs on hillsides; 100–600 m. Hei- 绒毛蛇葡萄 rong mao she pu tao longjiang, Jilin, Liaoning. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges. Leaves simple; 2e. Ampelopsis glandulosa var. kulingensis (Rehder) Momi- stipules brown, membranous, caducous; petiole very short, ca. 2 yama, J. Jap. Bot. 52: 31. 1977. cm; leaf blade 2–5.5 × 2–5 cm, basal veins 3, lateral veins 3 or

Flora of China 12: 178–184. 2007.

4, veinlets inconspicuously raised, base nearly truncate or ridged, glabrous; tendrils bifurcate. Leaves simple; stipules broadly cuneate, margin with 8–10 obtuse teeth on each side, caducous; petiole 1–2.5 cm, glabrous; leaf blade ovate-penta- apex often slightly 3-lobed. Inflorescence a polychasium, leaf- gonal, 0.8–6 × 1–7 cm, glabrous, basal veins 3–5, veinlets in- opposed or terminal; peduncle 2–5 cm. Pedicel 1–1.2 mm, gla- conspicuously raised, margin with 5 deep lobes, notch cordate, brous. Buds ovoid, 1.3–1.6 mm, apex rounded. Calyx glabrous. lobes lanceolate or narrowly rhombic, apex acuminate. Com- Petals 5. Filaments flat; anthers yellow, ovoid. Style short. pound dichasium leaf-opposed; peduncle 2.2–3 cm, glabrous. Berry 2- or 3-seeded. Seeds triangular-obovoid, surface with Pedicel 2–4 mm, glabrous. Buds oval, ca. 3 mm, apex obtuse. raised obtuse ribs, ventral holes short, raphe conspicuous. Fl. Calyx ca. 2.5 mm, glabrous. Anthers oval. Lower part of ovary Jul, fr. Jun or Sep. adnate to disk; style conical. Fl. May. ● Forests, grasslands. Yunnan. ● About 500 m. Sichuan. 1a. Branchlets and leaves scabrous ...... 5a. var. tomentosa 8. Ampelopsis delavayana Planchon ex Franchet, Bull. Soc. 1b. Plants glabrous throughout ...... 5b. var. glabrescens Bot. France 33: 460. 1886. 5a. Ampelopsis tomentosa var. tomentosa 三裂蛇葡萄 san lie she pu tao 绒毛蛇葡萄(原变种) rong mao she pu tao (yuan bian zhong) Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges; tendrils 2- or 3- Branchlets grayish or grayish brown scabrous. Petiole branched. Leaves compound; petiole 3–10 cm; central leaflet densely scabrous; leaves abaxially densely gray scabrous, adax- petiolate or sessile, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 5–13 × 2–4 ially appressed scabrous. Peduncle densely gray scabrous. Fl. cm, base nearly rounded, apex acuminate; lateral leaflets ses- Jul, fr. Sep. sile, ovate-elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–11.5 × 2–4 cm, base asymmetric and nearly truncate, margin with coarse, sharp ● Forests, grasslands. Yunnan. teeth, leaflets with lateral veins 5–7 pairs, veinlets inconspic- 5b. Ampelopsis tomentosa var. glabrescens C. L. Li, Chin. J. uous. Polychasium leaf-opposed; peduncle 2–4 cm. Pedicel 1– Appl. Environ. Biol. 2: 48. 1996. 2.5 mm. Buds ovoid, 1.5–2.5 mm, apex rounded. Petals ovate- elliptic, 1.3–2.3 mm, glabrous. Anthers oval, nearly square. 脱绒蛇葡萄 tuo rong she pu tao Disk 5-lobed. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk. Berry glo- Plants glabrous. Fr. Jun. bose, ca. 8 mm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. Seeds obovoid, apex rounded. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Jul–Nov. ● Below 1800 m. Yunnan. ● Forests, shrublands, hillsides, valleys, fields; below 100–2700 6. Ampelopsis humulifolia Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 12. m. Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, 1833. Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, 葎叶蛇葡萄 lü ye she pu tao Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan. Ampelopsis heterophylla (Thunberg) Siebold & Zuccarini 1a. Leaves 3-foliolate. var. bungei Planchon; A. heterophylla var. humulifolia (Bunge) 2a. Branchlets sparsely pubescent, Merrill; Cissus davidiana Carrière; C. humulifolia (Bunge) Re- becoming glabrescent ...... 8a. var. delavayana gel; Vitis davidiana (Carrière) N. E. Brown; V. heterophylla 2b. Branchlets densely ferruginous Thunberg var. humulifolia (Bunge) Hooker. pubescent ...... 8b. var. setulosa 1b. Leaves 3–7-foliolate. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous; ten- 3a. Leaves 3–5-foliolate, glabrous ...... 8c. var. glabra drils bifurcate. Leaves simple, 3–5-lobed or cleft, rarely mixed 3b. Leaves 3–7-foliolate, pubescent .. 8d. var. tomentella with undivided leaves; stipules caducous; petiole 3–5 cm, gla- brous or sparsely pilose; leaf blade cordate or roughly so with 5 8a. Ampelopsis delavayana var. delavayana angles, 6–12 × 5–10 cm, abaxially glabrous or sparsely pilose 三裂蛇葡萄(原变种) san lie she pu tao (yuan bian zhong) on veins, base cordate, notch rounded, margin with large, sharp teeth, apex acuminate. Polychasium leaf-opposed; peduncle 3–6 Ampelopsis heterophylla (Thunberg) Siebold & Zuccarini cm, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Pedicel 2–3 mm, appressed pu- var. delavayana (Planchon ex Franchet) Gagnepain; Vitis rigida bescent. Buds oval, 1.5–2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx glabrous. H. Léveillé & Vaniot. Petals elliptic, 1.3–1.8 mm, glabrous. Anthers oval. Lower part Branchlets sparsely pubescent, then nearly glabrescent. of ovary adnate to disk; stigma unexpanded. Berry globose, 6– Leaves 3-foliolate, adaxially sparsely pubescent when young, 10 mm in diam., 2–4-seeded. Seeds obovoid. Fl. May–Jul, fr. then glabrescent; lateral leaflets sparsely pilose. Peduncle pu- May–Sep. bescent. Pedicel appressed pubescent. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Sep– ● Forests, shrublands; 400–1100 m. Hebei, Henan, Liaoning, Nei Nov. Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi. ● Forests, shrublands; below 100–2200 m. Chongqing, Fujian, 7. Ampelopsis acerifolia W. T. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan. 17(3): 78. 1979. 8b. Ampelopsis delavayana var. setulosa (Diels & Gilg) C. L. 槭叶蛇葡萄 qi ye she pu tao Li, Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. 2: 48. 1996. Plants slender. Branchlets gray-brown, conspicuously 5- 毛三裂蛇葡萄 mao san lie she pu tao

Flora of China 12: 178–184. 2007.

Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bunge var. setulosa Diels & Gilg, 1a. Leaflets pinnatifidly 3–5-divided ...... 9a. var. aconitifolia Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 465. 1900; A. delavayana var. gentiliana 1b. Leaflets mostly undivided ...... 9b. var. palmiloba (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) Handel-Mazzetti; A. heterophylla var. 9a. Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. aconitifolia gentiliana (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) Gagnepain; Vitis gentiliana H. Léveillé & Vaniot. 乌头叶蛇葡萄(原变种) wu tou ye she pu tao (yuan bian zhong) Branchlets, petioles, and inflorescence densely ferruginous pubescent. Leaves 3-foliolate. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Nov. Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. cuneata Diels & Gilg; A. aconitifolia var. dissecta (Carrière) Koehne; Vitis aconitifolia ● Forests, hillsides; 500–2200 m. Gansu, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, (Bunge) Hance; V. dissecta Carrière. Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. Branchlets sparsely pilose. Leaflets pinnatifidly 3–5-divi- 8c. Ampelopsis delavayana var. glabra (Diels & Gilg) C. L. ded, central leaflet pinnatipartite, or sometimes lateral leaflets Li, Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. 2: 48. 1996. lobed or undivided, abaxially glabrous or only veins sparsely 掌裂蛇葡萄 zhang lie she pu tao pilose, adaxially glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 40*. Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. glabra Diels & Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 465. 1900; A. aconitifolia f. glabra (Diels & ● Shrublands, valleys, grassy areas; 600–1800 m. Gansu, Hebei, Gilg) Kitagawa. Henan, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi.

Plants glabrous. Leaves 3–5-foliolate. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul– 9b. Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. palmiloba (Carrière) Rehder, Sep. Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 190. 1912.

● Hillsides, valleys, fields; 300–800 m. Hebei, Henan, Hubei, 掌裂草葡萄 zhang lie cao pu tao Jiangsu, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shandong. Ampelopsis palmiloba Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 39: 451. 8d. Ampelopsis delavayana var. tomentella (Diels & Gilg) C. 1867. L. Li, Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. 2: 48. 1996. Leaflets mostly undivided, margin with large teeth, or 狭叶蛇葡萄 xia ye she pu tao mixed with slightly lobed leaves, glabrous or abaxially sparsely pilose. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Jul–Sep. Ampelopsis aconitifolia var. tomentella Diels & Gilg, Bot. ● Shrublands, valleys; 200–2200 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jahrb. Syst. 29: 465. 1900. Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Si- Branchlets, petioles, and leaflets tomentose to pilose. chuan. Leaves 3–7-foliolate; leaflets narrow or lanceolate. Fl. May– 10. Ampelopsis japonica (Thunberg) Makino, Bot. Mag. Jun, fr. Jul–Oct. (Tokyo) 17: 113. 1903. ● Forests, shrublands; 700–2700 m. Hubei, Sichuan. 白蔹 bai lian 9. Ampelopsis aconitifolia Bunge, Enum. Pl. China Bor. 12. Paullinia japonica Thunberg in Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 1833. 14, 380. 1784; Ampelopsis mirabilis Diels & Gilg; A. napi- formis Carrière; A. serianiifolia Bunge; A. tuberosa Carrière; 乌头叶蛇葡萄 wu tou ye she pu tao Cissus serianiifolia (Bunge) Walpers; Vitis serianiifolia Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges; tendrils 2- or (Bunge) Maximowicz. 3-branched. Leaves palmately 5-foliolate; stipules brownish, Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous; ten- ovate-lanceolate, ca. 2.3 × 1–2 mm, membranous, glabrous or drils unbranched or with short branches near tip. Leaves sparsely pubescent, apex obtuse; petiole 1.5–2.5 cm, glabrous palmate, 3–5-foliolate; stipules caducous; petiole 1–4 cm, gla- or sparsely pubescent; leaflets nearly sessile; leaf blade lan- brous; leaflets pinnatipartite, or margin deeply toothed and not ceolate or rhombic-lanceolate, 4–9 × 1.5–6 cm, lateral veins 3– divided, abaxially glabrous or sometimes sparsely pubescent on 6 pairs, veinlets inconspicuous, base cuneate, apex acuminate. veins, pinnatifid lobes 0.5–3.5 cm wide, apex acute or acumi- Compound corymbose dichasium, usually leaf-opposed or nate; central leaflet of 5-foliolate leaves deeply divided to base pseudoterminal; peduncle 1.5–4 cm, glabrous or sparsely pu- with 1–3 nodes, usually winged between nodes, wing 2–6 mm bescent. Pedicel 1–2.5 mm, nearly glabrous. Buds ovoid, 2–3 wide; lateral leaflets not articulate or with 1 node; central leaf- mm, apex rounded. Calyx glabrous. Petals oval, 1.7–2.7 mm, lets of 3-foliolate leaves with 1 node or without nodes, base glabrous. Anthers oval. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; tapering, winglike, wing 2–3 mm wide. Polychasium leaf-op- style conical. Berry globose, 6–8 mm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. posed, 1–2 cm in diam.; peduncle 1.5–5 cm, often tendril-like. Seeds obovoid, chalazal knot rounded, raphe attenuate, ven- Pedicel short or flower nearly sessile, glabrous. Buds ovoid, tral holes furrowed upward 1/3 from base. Fl. May–Aug, fr. 1.5–2 mm, apex rounded. Petals oval, 1.2–2.2 mm, glabrous. Jul–Sep. Anthers oval, nearly square. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; ● Shrublands, valleys, grassy areas; 200–2200 m. Gansu, Hebei, style shortly claviform. Berry globose, 8–10 mm in diam., glau- Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, cous, 1–3-seeded. Seeds obovoid. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jul–Sep. Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan. 2n = 40*.

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● Shrublands, hillsides, grassy meadows; 100–900 m. Guang- when young, then glabrescent, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, veinlets dong, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, raised abaxially, inconspicuous adaxially, base slightly cor- Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang [cultivated in Japan]. date or rounded, margin 5–15-toothed on each side, apex acute, 11. Ampelopsis megalophylla Diels & Gilg, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. acuminate, or mucronate. Corymbose polychasium pseudoter- 29: 466. 1900. minal or leaf-opposed; peduncle 2–6 cm, densely curly and ferruginous pilose. Pedicel 1–1.5 mm, densely ferruginous pi- 大叶蛇葡萄 da ye she pu tao lose. Buds oval, 1.5–2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx nearly gla- Branchlets terete; tendrils trifurcate. Leaves bipinnate, brous. Petals ovate-elliptic, 1.3–1.8 mm, pubescent. Anthers with basal pinnae usually 3-foliolate, or rarely pinnately com- elliptic. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style conical. Berry pound; petiole 3–8 cm; central petiolule 1–3 cm, lateral peti- globose, 0.8–1.5 cm in diam., 1–4-seeded. Seeds obovoid, cha- olules absent to 1 cm; leaflets oblong or ovate-elliptic, 4–12 × lazal knot elliptic, raphe raised, surface with raised and obtuse 2–6 cm, lateral veins 4–8 pairs, veinlets slightly raised, base ribs. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Sep–Oct. slightly cordate, rounded, or subtruncate, margin 3–15-toothed Forests, shrublands, valleys; 900–1200 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hu- on each side, apex acuminate. Inflorescence corymbose or a nan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan [India]. broad compound dichasium, terminal or leaf-opposed; peduncle 13. (Hooker & Arnott) K. Koch, 3.5–6 cm. Pedicel 2–3 mm. Buds globose, 1–1.5 mm, apex Hort. Dendrol. 48. 1853. rounded. Calyx glabrous, undulately lobed or lobes triangular. Petals elliptic, 0.7–1.2 mm, glabrous. Anthers elliptic. Lower 广东蛇葡萄 guang dong she pu tao part of ovary adnate to disk; style conical. Berry slightly obo- Cissus cantoniensis Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey Voy. void, 6–10 mm in diam., 1–4-seeded. Seeds obovoid, chalazal 175. 1833; Ampelopsis leeoides (Maximowicz) Planchon; Leea knot elliptic. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Jul–Oct. theifera H. Léveillé; Vitis cantoniensis (Hooker & Arnott) ● Forests, shrublands in valleys, mountain slopes, hilltops, val- Seemann; V. leeoides Maximowicz (1874), not J. H. Veitch leys; 600–2000 m. Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaan- (1904); V. multijugata H. Léveillé & Vaniot. xi, Sichuan, Yunnan. Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, ± pubescent 1a. Petiole and peduncle glabrous ...... 11a. var. megalophylla when young; tendrils bifurcate. Leaves bipinnate, or pinnate 1b. Petiole and peduncle pubescent ...... 11b. var. jiangxiensis on upper branches, basal pinnae of bipinnate leaves usually 3- 11a. Ampelopsis megalophylla var. megalophylla foliolate; petiole 2–8 cm; central petiolule 1–3 cm, lateral petio- lules absent to 2.5 cm, sparsely pubescent when young, then 大叶蛇葡萄(原变种) da ye she pu tao (yuan bian zhong) glabrescent; leaflets ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 3–11 × Branchlets, leaves, petioles, peduncles, or pedicels gla- 1.5–6 cm, abaxially sparsely pubescent on veins, then glabres- brous. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Jul–Oct. cent, lateral veins 4–7 pairs, veinlets conspicuous but not raised, base truncate, apex acute, acuminate, or cuspidate. Inflores- ● Forests, valleys; 1000–2000 m. Chongqing, Gansu, Guizhou, cence corymbose, terminal or leaf-opposed; rachis pubescent; Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. peduncle 2–4 cm, ± sparsely pubescent. Pedicel 1–3 mm, nearly 11b. Ampelopsis megalophylla var. jiangxiensis (W. T. Wang) glabrous. Buds oval, 2–3 mm, apex rounded. Calyx glabrous. C. L. Li, Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. 2: 48. 1996. Petals ovate-elliptic, 1.7–2.7 mm, glabrous. Anthers ovoid- elliptic. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk. Berry globose, 6–8 rou mao da ye she pu tao 柔毛大叶蛇葡萄 mm in diam., 2–4-seeded. Seeds obovoid, chalazal knot elliptic, Ampelopsis jiangxiensis W. T. Wang, Bull. Bot. Res., Har- raphe raised, surface with ribs, ventral holes inconspicuous and bin 1(1–2): 170. 1981. retuse. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Aug–Nov. Leaves, petioles, peduncles, or pedicels pubescent. Fl. Forests or shrublands in valleys; 100–900 m. Anhui, Fujian, May–Jul. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan, Xi- zang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Japan, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam]. ● Shrublands in valleys; 600–700 m. Jiangxi. The leaflets vary greatly in size and shape, even on the same in- 12. Ampelopsis rubifolia (Wallich) Planchon in A. Candolle & dividual. C. Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 5: 463. 1887. The intended new combination“Ampelopsis cantoniensis var. 毛枝蛇葡萄 mao zhi she pu tao lecoides” [sic] (F. Y. Lu, Fl. Taiwan 3: 667. 1977) was not validly pub- lished because no full and direct reference was given to the author and Vitis rubifolia Wallich in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 480. place of valid publication of the basionym, Vitis leeoides Maximowicz 1824; Ampelopsis megalophylla Diels & Gilg var. puberula (Vienna Code, Art. 33.4). W. T. Wang. 14. Ampelopsis chaffanjonii (H. Léveillé & Vaniot) Rehder, J. Branchlets longitudinally 5–7-ridged, densely curly and Arnold Arbor. 15: 25. 1934 [“chaffanjoni”]. ferruginous pilose; tendrils bifurcate. Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate, yu ye she pu tao base of bipinnate leaf usually 3-foliolate; petiole 1–8 cm, 羽叶蛇葡萄 densely curly and ferruginous pilose; petiolule absent to 1.5 Vitis chaffanjonii H. Léveillé & Vaniot, Bull. Soc. Agric. cm; leaflets ovate-elliptic or oval, 3.5–14 × 2–6.5 cm, abaxially Sarthe 40: 37. 1905 [“chaffanjoni”]; Ampelopsis watsoniana E. densely ferruginous pilose, then less so, adaxially pubescent H. Wilson; Leea dielsii H. Léveillé; ?Meliosma cavaleriei H.

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Léveillé; V. leeoides J. H. Veitch (1904), not Maximowicz Branchlets terete, glabrous; tendrils bifurcate, sometimes (1874); V. watsoniana (E. H. Wilson) Bean. apex with reduced trace of inflorescences. Leaves bipinnate, basal pinnae 3-foliolate; stipules caducous; petiole 2–3 cm; Branchlets terete, with longitudinal ridges, glabrous; ten- leaflets elliptic or ovate-elliptic, 2.5–6 × 1–3.5 cm, glabrous, drils bifurcate. Leaves pinnate, usually with 2 or 3 pairs of leaf- lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs, veinlets abaxially slightly raised, lets; petiole 2–4.5 cm; central petiolule 2.5–4.5 cm, lateral peti- adaxially inconspicuous, base cuneate or broadly so, margin olules absent to 1.8 cm, glabrous; leaflets oblong or ovate-ellip- with 1–5 fine teeth on each side, apex acute or acuminate; tic, 7–15 × 3–7 cm, glabrous, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, veinlets central leaflet nearly sessile or shortly petiolulate, glabrous. slightly raised, base rounded or broadly cuneate, margin 5–11- Corymbose polychasium leaf-opposed; peduncle 1.5–3 cm, toothed on each side, teeth apiculate and sharp, apex acute or glabrous. Pedicel 1.5–3 mm, glabrous. Buds oval, 2–3 mm, acuminate. Corymbose polychasium terminal or leaf-opposed; apex rounded. Calyx glabrous, entire or undulate. Petals ovate- peduncle 3–5 cm, glabrous. Pedicel 1.5–2 mm, glabrous. Buds elliptic, 1.8–2.8 mm, glabrous. Anthers ovoid-elliptic. Lower oval, 1.5–2 mm, apex rounded. Calyx triangular, glabrous. Pet- part of ovary adnate to disk; style filiform. Berry obovoid- als ovate-elliptic, 1.2–1.7 mm, glabrous. Anthers ovoid-elliptic. elliptic, 8–10 mm in diam., 1–3-seeded. Seeds obovoid, cha- Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style conical. Berry glo- lazal knot ovate-elliptic, with rounded prominent ribs. Fl. Apr– bose, 8–10 mm in diam., 2- or 3-seeded. Seeds obovoid, base Jun, fr. Jul–Aug. with a short, sharp rostrum, apex rounded, chalazal knot ellip- tic, with obtuse and raised ribs. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Jul–Sep. ● Forests, shrublands; 100–600 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi. ● Forests or shrublands in valleys; 500–2000 m. Anhui, Chong- 17. (Handel-Mazzetti) W. T. Wang, qing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17(3): 79. 1979. 15. Ampelopsis gongshanensis C. L. Li, Chin. J. Appl. En- 显齿蛇葡萄 xian chi she pu tao viron. Biol. 2: 48. 1996. Ampelopsis cantoniensis (Hooker & Arnott) K. Koch var. 贡山蛇葡萄 gong shan she pu tao grossedentata Handel-Mazzetti, Anz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.- Naturwiss. Kl. 59: 105. 1922. Branchlets ferruginous pilose. Leaves pinnate, usually with 3 pairs of leaflets; petiole 2–2.5 cm; central petiolule 1–1.5 Branchlets terete, with conspicuous and longitudinal cm, lateral petiolules 1–3 mm, ferruginous pilose; leaflets oval ridges, glabrous; tendrils bifurcate. Leaves 1- or 2-pinnate, or ovate-elliptic, 3–6 × 0.5–3 cm, only abaxially sparsely pilose basal pinnae 3-foliolate; stipules caducous; petiole 1–2 cm, on midvein, lateral veins 5–7 pairs, veinlets conspicuous abax- glabrous; leaflets ovate, ovate-elliptic, or oblong, 2–5 × 1–2.5 ially but not raised, veinlets adaxially retuse, base rounded, cm, glabrous, lateral veins 3–5 pairs, veinlets slightly raised, margin entire or inconspicuously denticulate, apex acuminate. base broadly truncate or nearly rounded, margin with 2–5 teeth Compound dichasium leaf-opposed. Berry globose, 5–7 mm in on each side, apex acute or acuminate. Corymbose polychasium diam., 3- or 4-seeded. Seeds obovoid, apex rounded and obtuse, leaf-opposed; peduncle 1.5–3.5 cm, glabrous. Pedicel 1.5–2 chalazal knot elliptic, obtuse ribs conspicuously raised. Fr. Nov. mm, glabrous. Buds oval, 1.5–2 mm, glabrous, apex rounded. Calyx glabrous. Petals oval, 1.2–1.7 mm, glabrous. Anthers ● Forests; ca. 1300 m. Yunnan. oval. Lower part of ovary adnate to disk; style conical. Berry 16. Ampelopsis hypoglauca (Hance) C. L. Li, Chin. J. Appl. globose, 6–10 mm in diam., 2–4-seeded. Seeds obovoid, Environ. Biol. 2: 48. 1996. chalazal knot elliptic, surface with raised and obtuse ribs. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Aug–Dec. 粉叶蛇葡萄 fen ye she pu tao Forests, shrublands; 200–1500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hedera hypoglauca Hance, Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 724. 1852. Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Yunnan [Vietnam].

Flora of China 12: 178–184. 2007.