Network Troubleshooting Methodology
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The Linux Command Line
The Linux Command Line Fifth Internet Edition William Shotts A LinuxCommand.org Book Copyright ©2008-2019, William E. Shotts, Jr. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No De- rivative Works 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit the link above or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042. A version of this book is also available in printed form, published by No Starch Press. Copies may be purchased wherever fine books are sold. No Starch Press also offers elec- tronic formats for popular e-readers. They can be reached at: https://www.nostarch.com. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other trademarks belong to their respective owners. This book is part of the LinuxCommand.org project, a site for Linux education and advo- cacy devoted to helping users of legacy operating systems migrate into the future. You may contact the LinuxCommand.org project at http://linuxcommand.org. Release History Version Date Description 19.01A January 28, 2019 Fifth Internet Edition (Corrected TOC) 19.01 January 17, 2019 Fifth Internet Edition. 17.10 October 19, 2017 Fourth Internet Edition. 16.07 July 28, 2016 Third Internet Edition. 13.07 July 6, 2013 Second Internet Edition. 09.12 December 14, 2009 First Internet Edition. Table of Contents Introduction....................................................................................................xvi Why Use the Command Line?......................................................................................xvi -
Powerview Command Reference
PowerView Command Reference TRACE32 Online Help TRACE32 Directory TRACE32 Index TRACE32 Documents ...................................................................................................................... PowerView User Interface ............................................................................................................ PowerView Command Reference .............................................................................................1 History ...................................................................................................................................... 12 ABORT ...................................................................................................................................... 13 ABORT Abort driver program 13 AREA ........................................................................................................................................ 14 AREA Message windows 14 AREA.CLEAR Clear area 15 AREA.CLOSE Close output file 15 AREA.Create Create or modify message area 16 AREA.Delete Delete message area 17 AREA.List Display a detailed list off all message areas 18 AREA.OPEN Open output file 20 AREA.PIPE Redirect area to stdout 21 AREA.RESet Reset areas 21 AREA.SAVE Save AREA window contents to file 21 AREA.Select Select area 22 AREA.STDERR Redirect area to stderr 23 AREA.STDOUT Redirect area to stdout 23 AREA.view Display message area in AREA window 24 AutoSTOre .............................................................................................................................. -
NETSTAT Command
NETSTAT Command | NETSTAT Command | Use the NETSTAT command to display network status of the local host. | | ┌┐────────────── | 55──NETSTAT─────6─┤ Option ├─┴──┬────────────────────────────────── ┬ ─ ─ ─ ────────────────────────────────────────5% | │┌┐───────────────────── │ | └─(──SELect───6─┤ Select_String ├─┴ ─ ┘ | Option: | ┌┐─COnn────── (1, 2) ──────────────── | ├──┼─────────────────────────── ┼ ─ ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ├─ALL───(2)──────────────────── ┤ | ├─ALLConn─────(1, 2) ────────────── ┤ | ├─ARp ipaddress───────────── ┤ | ├─CLients─────────────────── ┤ | ├─DEvlinks────────────────── ┤ | ├─Gate───(3)─────────────────── ┤ | ├─┬─Help─ ┬─ ───────────────── ┤ | │└┘─?──── │ | ├─HOme────────────────────── ┤ | │┌┐─2ð────── │ | ├─Interval─────(1, 2) ─┼───────── ┼─ ┤ | │└┘─seconds─ │ | ├─LEVel───────────────────── ┤ | ├─POOLsize────────────────── ┤ | ├─SOCKets─────────────────── ┤ | ├─TCp serverid───(1) ─────────── ┤ | ├─TELnet───(4)───────────────── ┤ | ├─Up──────────────────────── ┤ | └┘─┤ Command ├───(5)──────────── | Command: | ├──┬─CP cp_command───(6) ─ ┬ ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ├─DELarp ipaddress─ ┤ | ├─DRop conn_num──── ┤ | └─RESETPool──────── ┘ | Select_String: | ├─ ─┬─ipaddress────(3) ┬ ─ ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤ | ├─ldev_num─────(4) ┤ | └─userid────(2) ─── ┘ | Notes: | 1 Only ALLCON, CONN and TCP are valid with INTERVAL. | 2 The userid -
Lab Intro to Console Commands
New Lab Intro to KDE Terminal Konsole After completing this lab activity the student will be able to; Access the KDE Terminal Konsole and enter basic commands. Enter commands using a typical command line interface (CLI). Explain the use of the following commands, ls, ls –al, dir, mkdir, whoami, Explain the directory structure of a typical user. This lab activity will introduce you to one of the many command line interfaces available in Linux/UNIX operating systems and a few of the most basic commands. The command line interface you will be using for this lab activity is the console called the Konsole and is also referred to as Terminal. Note: As you notice, in the KDE system many features are written with the capital letter “K” in place of the first letter or the utility to reflect the fact it was modified for the KDE system. The original UNIX system did not use a graphical user interface GUI but rather was a command line interface (CLI) similar to the command prompt in Windows operating systems. The command line interface is referred to as a shell. Even today the command line interface (the shell) is used to issue commands on a Linux server to minimize system resources. For example, there is no need to start the GUI on the server to add a new user to an existing system. Starting the GUI will reduce the system performance because it requires RAM to run the GUI. A GUI will affect the overall performance of the server when it is supporting many users (clients). -
Command-Line IP Utilities This Document Lists Windows Command-Line Utilities That You Can Use to Obtain TCP/IP Configuration Information and Test IP Connectivity
Guide to TCP/IP: IPv6 and IPv4, 5th Edition, ISBN 978-13059-4695-8 Command-Line IP Utilities This document lists Windows command-line utilities that you can use to obtain TCP/IP configuration information and test IP connectivity. Command parameters and uses are listed for the following utilities in Tables 1 through 9: ■ Arp ■ Ipconfig ■ Netsh ■ Netstat ■ Pathping ■ Ping ■ Route ■ Tracert ARP The Arp utility reads and manipulates local ARP tables (data link address-to-IP address tables). Syntax arp -s inet_addr eth_addr [if_addr] arp -d inet_addr [if_addr] arp -a [inet_address] [-N if_addr] [-v] Table 1 ARP command parameters and uses Parameter Description -a or -g Displays current entries in the ARP cache. If inet_addr is specified, the IP and data link address of the specified computer appear. If more than one network interface uses ARP, entries for each ARP table appear. inet_addr Specifies an Internet address. -N if_addr Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified by if_addr. -v Displays the ARP entries in verbose mode. -d Deletes the host specified by inet_addr. -s Adds the host and associates the Internet address inet_addr with the data link address eth_addr. The physical address is given as six hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The entry is permanent. eth_addr Specifies physical address. if_addr If present, this specifies the Internet address of the interface whose address translation table should be modified. If not present, the first applicable interface will be used. Pyles, Carrell, and Tittel 1 Guide to TCP/IP: IPv6 and IPv4, 5th Edition, ISBN 978-13059-4695-8 IPCONFIG The Ipconfig utility displays and modifies IP address configuration information. -
Traceroute Is One of the Key Tools Used for Network Troubleshooting and Scouting
1 Introduction Traceroute is one of the key tools used for network troubleshooting and scouting. It has been available since networking's early days. Because traceroute is based on TTL header modification, it crafts its own network packets. The goal of this assignment is to re-implement a traceroute with cutting edge techniques designed to improve its scouting capabilities and bypass SPI firewalls. In this assignment you will learn about packet injection and sniffing. The assignment also teaches about more subtle topics such as network latency, packet filtering, and Q.O.S. 1.1 Instructions This project has to be completed sequentially as each part depends on the previous ones. The required coding language is C. You should consider using libnet [1] and libpcap [2], however using raw sockets is permitted as well. Note that the exercises become progressively more difficult, with Exercise 5 likely to consume the greatest amount of effort. 1.2 Submission and Grading To compile your project, the script will use the command make, executed in the project directory. Then it will launch our tests, using an executable name "traceng" you have to make sure your make file results in this executable name, in the same project directory. Make sure that the command line options and the output format are correctly implemented as they will be used by our script during the grading process. Specific examples of how we are going to test your executable are provided later in this document, for each exercise. Your project directory should also contain a file called README which is text file describing the highlights of your solution to each exercise anything special that you did, information required in the specific exercise, what is the most interesting thing you learned in the exercise, and anything else we need to take into account. -
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 System Analysis and Tuning Guide System Analysis and Tuning Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 System Analysis and Tuning Guide System Analysis and Tuning Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 Publication Date: September 24, 2021 SUSE LLC 1800 South Novell Place Provo, UT 84606 USA https://documentation.suse.com Copyright © 2006– 2021 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see http://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. A trademark symbol (®, ™ etc.) denotes a SUSE or Novell trademark; an asterisk (*) denotes a third party trademark. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its aliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents About This Guide xi 1 Available Documentation xii 2 Feedback xiv 3 Documentation Conventions xv I BASICS 1 1 General Notes on System Tuning 2 1.1 Be Sure What Problem to Solve 2 1.2 Rule Out Common Problems 3 1.3 Finding the Bottleneck 3 1.4 Step-by-step Tuning 4 II SYSTEM MONITORING 5 2 System Monitoring Utilities 6 2.1 Multi-Purpose Tools 6 vmstat 7 -
System Analysis and Tuning Guide System Analysis and Tuning Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 System Analysis and Tuning Guide System Analysis and Tuning Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 An administrator's guide for problem detection, resolution and optimization. Find how to inspect and optimize your system by means of monitoring tools and how to eciently manage resources. Also contains an overview of common problems and solutions and of additional help and documentation resources. Publication Date: September 24, 2021 SUSE LLC 1800 South Novell Place Provo, UT 84606 USA https://documentation.suse.com Copyright © 2006– 2021 SUSE LLC and contributors. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”. For SUSE trademarks, see https://www.suse.com/company/legal/ . All other third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Trademark symbols (®, ™ etc.) denote trademarks of SUSE and its aliates. Asterisks (*) denote third-party trademarks. All information found in this book has been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. Neither SUSE LLC, its aliates, the authors nor the translators shall be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof. Contents About This Guide xii 1 Available Documentation xiii -
Cisco SD-WAN Command Reference Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc
Cisco SD-WAN Command Reference Americas Headquarters Cisco Systems, Inc. 170 West Tasman Drive San Jose, CA 95134-1706 USA http://www.cisco.com Tel: 408 526-4000 800 553-NETS (6387) Fax: 408 527-0883 THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS, INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF ANY PRODUCTS. THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR CISCO REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY. The Cisco implementation of TCP header compression is an adaptation of a program developed by the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) as part of UCB's public domain version of the UNIX operating system. All rights reserved. Copyright © 1981, Regents of the University of California. NOTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER WARRANTY HEREIN, ALL DOCUMENT FILES AND SOFTWARE OF THESE SUPPLIERS ARE PROVIDED “AS IS" WITH ALL FAULTS. CISCO AND THE ABOVE-NAMED SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THOSE OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT OR ARISING FROM A COURSE OF DEALING, USAGE, OR TRADE PRACTICE. IN NO EVENT SHALL CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS OR LOSS OR DAMAGE TO DATA ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS MANUAL, EVEN IF CISCO OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. -
Introduction to Computer Networking
www.PDHcenter.com PDH Course E175 www.PDHonline.org Introduction to Computer Networking Dale Callahan, Ph.D., P.E. MODULE 7: Fun Experiments 7.1 Introduction This chapter will introduce you to some networking experiments that will help you improve your understanding and concepts of networks. (The experiments assume you are using Windows, but Apple, Unix, and Linux systems will have similar commands.) These experiments can be performed on any computer that has Internet connectivity. The commands can be used from the command line using the command prompt window. The commands that can be used are ping, tracert, netstat, nslookup, ipconfig, route, ARP etc. 7.2 PING PING is a network tool that is used on TCP/IP based networks. It stands for Packet INternet Groper. The idea is to verify if a network host is reachable from the site where the PING command issued. The ping command uses the ICMP to verify if the network connections are intact. When a PING command is issued, a packet of 64 bytes is sent to the destination computer. The packet is composed of 8 bytes of ICMP header and 56 bytes of data. The computer then waits for a reply from the destination computer. The source computer receives a reply if the connection between the two computers is good. Apart from testing the connection, it also gives the round trip time for a packet to return to the source computer and the amount of packet loss [19]. In order to run the PING command, go to Start ! Run and in the box type “cmd”. -
UEFI Shell Specification
UEFI Shell Specification January 26, 2016 Revision 2.2 The material contained herein is not a license, either expressly or impliedly, to any intellectual property owned or controlled by any of the authors or developers of this material or to any contribution thereto. The material contained herein is provided on an "AS IS" basis and, to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, this information is provided AS IS AND WITH ALL FAULTS, and the authors and developers of this material hereby disclaim all other warranties and conditions, either express, implied or statutory, including, but not limited to, any (if any) implied warranties, duties or conditions of merchantability, of fitness for a particular purpose, of accuracy or completeness of responses, of results, of workmanlike effort, of lack of viruses and of lack of negligence, all with regard to this material and any contribution thereto. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked "reserved" or "undefined." The Unified EFI Forum, Inc. reserves any features or instructions so marked for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. ALSO, THERE IS NO WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF TITLE, QUIET ENJOYMENT, QUIET POSSESSION, CORRESPONDENCE TO DESCRIPTION OR NON-INFRINGEMENT WITH REGARD TO THE SPECIFICATION AND ANY CONTRIBUTION THERETO. IN NO EVENT WILL ANY AUTHOR OR DEVELOPER OF THIS MATERIAL OR ANY CONTRIBUTION THERETO BE LIABLE TO ANY OTHER PARTY FOR THE COST OF PROCURING SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF DATA, OR ANY INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR SPECIAL DAMAGES WHETHER UNDER CONTRACT, TORT, WARRANTY, OR OTHERWISE, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THIS OR ANY OTHER AGREEMENT RELATING TO THIS DOCUMENT, WHETHER OR NOT SUCH PARTY HAD ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. -
Linux Networking 101
The Gorilla ® Guide to… Linux Networking 101 Inside this Guide: • Discover how Linux continues its march toward world domination • Learn basic Linux administration tips • See how easy it can be to build your entire network on a Linux foundation • Find out how Cumulus Linux is your ticket to networking freedom David M. Davis ActualTech Media Helping You Navigate The Technology Jungle! In Partnership With www.actualtechmedia.com The Gorilla Guide To… Linux Networking 101 Author David M. Davis, ActualTech Media Editors Hilary Kirchner, Dream Write Creative, LLC Christina Guthrie, Guthrie Writing & Editorial, LLC Madison Emery, Cumulus Networks Layout and Design Scott D. Lowe, ActualTech Media Copyright © 2017 by ActualTech Media. All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced or used in any manner without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations. The information provided within this eBook is for general informational purposes only. While we try to keep the information up- to-date and correct, there are no representations or warranties, express or implied, about the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability or availability with respect to the information, products, services, or related graphics contained in this book for any purpose. Any use of this information is at your own risk. ActualTech Media Okatie Village Ste 103-157 Bluffton, SC 29909 www.actualtechmedia.com Entering the Jungle Introduction: Six Reasons You Need to Learn Linux ....................................................... 7 1. Linux is the future ........................................................................ 9 2. Linux is on everything .................................................................. 9 3. Linux is adaptable ....................................................................... 10 4. Linux has a strong community and ecosystem ........................... 10 5.